单词 | wrake |
释义 | † wraken.1 Obsolete. 1. a. (a) Suffering that comes or is inflicted as a retribution or penalty; retributive punishment, vengeance, revenge. ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > retributive punishment > [noun] wrakec825 wrechec1175 yielda1200 wrakedomc1275 vengeancea1300 hevening1303 vengement1338 wreakc1340 rewardc1350 retributiona1425 revengeancec1480 wratha1500 revengementa1513 avengeance1535 avenge1568 ultion1575 venge1587 wreck1591 nemesis1597 revanche1615 vindict1639 vindication1647 the world > action or operation > behaviour > reciprocal treatment or return of an action > revenge > [noun] wrakec825 wrackc900 wrechec1175 yielda1200 wrakedomc1275 vengeancea1300 vengement1338 awreaking1340 rewardc1350 revengeancec1480 wratha1500 avengementa1513 revengementa1513 revengea1525 avengeance1535 avenge1568 requital1569 ultion1575 venge1587 wreck1591 revanche1615 vindict1639 payback1973 c825 Vesp. Psalter lvii. 11 Bið geblissad se rehtwisa ðonne he gesið wrece ðeara arleasra. OE Beowulf 2336 Him ðæs guðkyning, Wedera þioden wræce leornode. c1050 tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. i. xv. §2 (Corpus Cambr.) Ne wæs ungelic wracu þam ðe iu Caldeas bærndon Hierusaleme weallas. c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 61 Bute we turnen to gode anradliche, he wile his swerd draȝen, þat is his wrake. a1225 Juliana 50 Ah we schulen sechen efter wrake on alle þat we biwiteð. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 13055 I dred bot þou ne bite þi sake, þou sal noght dei wit-vten wrake. c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 386 [On] þe moste mountaynez..flokked þe folke, for ferde of þe wrake. c1430 Chev. Assigne 72 Wolt þou werne wrake to hem þat hit deseruethe? c1480 (a1400) St. Matthias 179 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 227 At þe laste Iudas for wrake rubene in þe nek..strake. a1500 Hist. K. Boccus & Sydracke (?1510) U j b That scourge is a swerd of wrake That one shal agayne a nother take. 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid ii. ii. 120 The cruell wraik of that dissaitfull slycht. (b) Also coupled with cognate terms. ΚΠ c1175 Lamb. Hom. 13 Ȝif ȝe..to-brecað mine lare.., þenne scal eou sone ȝewaxen muchele wrake and sake, here and hunger. a1250 Owl & Nightingale 1194 Ic wot hwar sal beo niþ & wrake. a1300 Cursor Mundi 890 Til þat worm þan drightin spak wordes bath o wrath and wrak [Trin. wrake]. 1303 R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne 3389 Þer shewed God weyl by þat kas Þat þe kote a-cursed was, And tokened wel sorowe and wrake. a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 552 So cam on werlde wreche & wrake. 1382 Pol. Poems (Rolls) I. 252 The grete vengaunce and wrake That schulde falle for synnes sake. a1450 Le Morte Arth. 1451 The knyghtis answerd with wo and wrake. c1450 (c1400) Sowdon of Babylon (1881) l. 2446 Vengeaunce shalle than on you come, With sorowe, woo and wrake! 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid vii. x. 117 Hevy wraik And sorofull vengence ȝit sall the ourtak. b. In the phrase to do, have, nim (= take), ta, or take wrake (of, on, or upon) (a person or thing, or with indirect object).In frequent use c1375–1480, esp. with take. ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > retributive punishment > inflict retributive punishment [verb (intransitive)] wreakc825 to do, have, nim (= take), ta, or take wrake (of, on, or upon)?a900 to do (also take) wrack (on one)12.. to do, have, make, nim, seek, and esp. take wrechec1200 to take (also nim) vengeance1297 to perform, seek, spend, work, and esp. take (…) wreakc1330 visita1382 vengec1400 revengec1485 avenge1535 hevenc1540 the world > action or operation > behaviour > reciprocal treatment or return of an action > revenge > take or execute revenge [verb (intransitive)] wreakc825 to do, have, nim (= take), ta, or take wrake (of, on, or upon)?a900 to do (also take) wrack (on one)12.. to do, have, make, nim, seek, and esp. take wrechec1200 to take (also nim) vengeance1297 wrakea1300 to perform, seek, spend, work, and esp. take (…) wreakc1330 visita1382 vengec1400 revengec1485 avenge1535 hevenc1540 resent1612 exact1858 ?a900 Laws of Ine ix Gif hwa wrace do, ærðon he him ryhtes bidde. c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Luke (Corpus Cambr.) xviii. 7 Ne deð god his gecorenra wrace..? c1175 Lamb. Hom. 9 Þa ilke wrake þe ic dude þe, þu scoldest don me. a1200 Moral Ode 205 God nom..muchele wrake for are misdede. a1275 Prov. Alfred 647 in Old Eng. Misc. 136 For he þe wile wrake don. 1357 Lay Folks' Catech. (T.) 485 For to take wrake Or wickedly to venge him opon his euen-cristen. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 11554 On þe sakles he suld ta wrake. c1450 Ludus Cov. 375 Mercy nay nay they xul haue wrake. 1490 Caxton's Blanchardyn & Eglantine (1962) xxvi. 95 To be pressented..to the kynge of salamandrye,..for to haue wrake vpon hym. a1500 Hist. K. Boccus & Sydracke (?1510) E j On thy goddes we shall do wrake. 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid xi. vi. 80 The montane Caphareus,..That vengeans tuke and wraik apon our floit. 1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1903) II. iii. xxiii. 40 We desire nowther þe goddis nor men to tak ony wraik or punyssement on ȝow. 1613 G. Chapman Memorable Maske Inns of Court sig. F Let Peace grow cruell, and take wrake of all. c. in wrake of, in revenge or punishment for. Scottish. ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > retributive punishment > as retributive punishment for [phrase] in wrake ofc1480 in revenge for (also of)1553 in (or for) wreak ofa1596 the world > action or operation > behaviour > reciprocal treatment or return of an action > revenge > in revenge or retaliation (for) [phrase] in wrake ofc1480 in revenge for (also of)1553 in (or for) wreak ofa1596 c1480 (a1400) St. Theodora 799 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 122 In wrak of hyr fals plicht [the accuser] deit sodanely in þare sicht. 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid iii. iv. 91 For strang hunger sall ȝe stand in sic state, In wraik of our iniuris and bestis slane. 2. Adverse action; active enmity; hostility; mischief. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > hatred > hostility > [noun] unthankc893 witherwardnessc897 witherOE wrakea1023 ungrithlOE feythhed1297 grill13.. ill1303 unfriendshipa1340 enmity?a1400 feuda1400 despitec1400 unkindnessc1400 ingratitude1477 barrace1488 disfriendship1493 hostility1531 dislovea1533 adversation1543 diskindness1596 disaffection1599 ill blood1624 disaffectedness1625 inimicalness1651 unfriendlinessa1684 animus1795 inimicality1797 virus1866 negativism1977 a1023 Wulfstan Homilies 106 His sunu hatte Mars, se macode æfre gewinn, and wrohte, and saca and wraca he styrede gelome. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 2016 Wrake wes on londe wa wes þone vnstronge. a1327 Metr. Treat. Dreams in T. Wright & J. O. Halliwell Reliquiæ Antiquæ (1845) I. 262 Armes y-sen ant eke bataille, Hit is strif ant wrake withoute faille. c1330 Amis & Amil. 397 All thus the wrake gan biginne, And with wrethe thai went atvinne, Tho bold bernes to. 1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. xviii. 85 What þorw werre and wrake and wycked hyfdes, May no preiour pees make in no place. c1430 J. Lydgate Minor Poems (Percy Soc.) 125 Hertis devided have caused mochel wrake. a1450 Le Morte Arth. 1675 Syr gawayne And mordreite that mykelle couthe of wrake. 1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur xx. i. 797 For and there ryse warre and wrake betwyx syr launcelot and vs, wete you wel [etc.]. 3. Distress of body or mind; pain, suffering, misery. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > [noun] sorec888 teeneOE sorrowOE workOE wrakeOE careOE gramec1000 harmOE howc1000 trayOE woweOE angec1175 derfnessc1175 sytec1175 unwinc1175 wosithc1200 ail?c1225 barrat?c1225 derf?c1225 grief?c1225 misease?c1225 misliking?c1225 ofthinkingc1225 passion?c1225 troublec1230 pinec1275 distress1297 grievancea1300 penancea1300 cumbermentc1300 languorc1300 cumbering1303 were1303 angera1325 strifea1325 sweama1325 woea1325 painc1330 tribulationc1330 illa1340 threst1340 constraintc1374 troublenessc1380 afflictiona1382 bruisinga1382 miseasetya1382 pressurec1384 exercisec1386 miscomfortc1390 mislikea1400 smarta1400 thronga1400 balec1400 painfulnessc1400 troublancec1400 smartness?c1425 painliness1435 perplexity?a1439 penalty?1462 calamity1490 penality1496 cumber?a1513 sussy1513 tribule1513 afflict?1529 vexation of spirit1535 troublesomeness1561 hoe1567 grievedness1571 tribulance1575 languishment1576 thrall1578 tine1590 languorment1593 aggrievedness1594 obturbation1623 afflictedness1646 erumny1657 pathos1684 shock1705 dree1791 vex1815 wrungnessa1875 dukkha1886 thinkache1892 sufferation1976 the world > health and disease > ill health > pain > [noun] sorec825 acheeOE wrakeOE trayOE woe?a1200 pinec1200 sorrowc1225 teenc1225 grievousness1303 dolec1320 balea1325 painc1330 warkingc1340 dolour?c1370 sufferance1422 offencea1425 angerc1440 sufferingc1450 penalty?1462 penality1496 grief1509 stress1533 sufferance1597 somatalgia1607 suffering1609 tort1632 miserya1825 OE Phoenix 51 Nis þær on þam londe laðgeniðla, ne wop ne wracu, weatacen nan. 13.. Sir Beues (A.) 328 A was ibrouȝt in tene & wrake Ofte for þat childes sake. c1320 Bonaventura's Medit. 366 My breþren also, kepe hem fro wrake. 13.. Leg. St. Gregory 338 He tok þat child wiþouten hete and bar it hom wiþouten wrake. c1440 J. Capgrave Life St. Katherine 866 Þis wille turne vs all to wrake & to dole. c1450 Ludus Coventriæ 189 He xall suffer for mannys sake..moch gret sorow and wrake. 4. a. Destructive harm or injury; wrecked, ruined, or impaired state or condition; ruin, destruction, wreck. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > [noun] end832 bale-sithea1000 wrakea1275 wonderc1275 destroyingc1300 destruction1340 contritionc1384 stroying1396 undoing1398 tininga1400 ruinc1425 fatec1430 fordoingc1450 perishing?1523 shipwreck1526 pernicion?1530 ruining1562 ruinating1587 defeasance1590 defeature1592 breakneck1598 ruination1599 defeat1600 doom1609 planet-striking1611 mismaking1615 rasurea1616 destructa1638 perition1640 interemption1656 smashing1821 degrowth1876 uncreation1884 creative destruction1927 a1275 Prov. Alfred 142 in Old Eng. Misc. 111 For God may giuen wanne he wele goed after yuil, wele after wrake. c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 1815 He wol þe chacy as ys fo & werche þe sorwe & wrake. a1400 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) II. 786 Her was muche manqualm, wrake was in londe. c1400 Anturs of Arth. xvii These wrechut wurmus..wurchen me this wrake. Thus to wrake am I wroȝte, Waynor, i-wis. c1450 Guy Warw. (C.) 1158 For thy sake To vs ys comen moche wrake, And all for the loue of the. 1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur vii. xx. 244 He wil doo moche harme.., and worche you wrake in this countray. a1586 A. Montgomerie Bankis Helicon 47 Fals Helene..causd King Priamus wraik [v.r. wrake] In Troy. 1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) II. 178 That sik hatred war nocht the occasioun of the wrake of the hail Realme. a1607 H. Chettle Trag. Hoffman (1631) sig. B4v Newes..more welcome then the sad discourse Of Leningberg our nephewes timeles wrake. b. In the phrase to bring unto, to fall into, to go, put, or work to wrake. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > destroy [verb (intransitive)] > be destroyed, ruined, or come to an end losec888 fallOE forlesea1225 perishc1275 spilla1300 to go to wreche13.. to go to the gatec1330 to go to lostc1374 miscarryc1387 quenchc1390 to bring unto, to fall into, to go, put, or work to wrakea1400 mischieve?a1400 tinea1400 to go to the devilc1405 bursta1450 untwindc1460 to make shipwreck1526 to go to (the) pot1531 to go to wreck (and ruin)a1547 wrake1570 wracka1586 to hop (also tip, pitch over, drop off, etc.) the perch1587 to lie in the dusta1591 mischief1598 to go (etc.) to rack (and ruin)1599 shipwreck1607 suffera1616 unravel1643 to fall off1684 tip (over) the perch1699 to do away with1769 to go to the dickens1833 collapse1838 to come (also go) a mucker1851 mucker1862 to go up1864 to go to squash1889 to go (to) stramash1910 to go for a burton1941 to meet one's Makera1978 a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 9204 Ierusalem was stroyed & take þat kyngdome fel in to wrake. c1460 Abraham & Isaac in N. Davis Non-Cycle Plays & Fragm. (1970) 41 Alas, all þen had gone to wrake! Wold ye haue slayme [read slayne] my son Isaac? 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid ii. vii. 110 By multitude and nomer on ws set All ȝeid to wraik. c1550 R. Bieston Bayte Fortune A ij b Displeasure and thought doth bring him vnto wrake. 1565 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. i. 107 W[hi]ch made muche myserye, and wrought this realme to wrake. 1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1895) I. 158 Quhen his armie was al put to wrake. 5. An instance or occasion of suffering or inflicting vengeance, harm, injury, or the like. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > harmful action > [noun] illingc1220 wrake13.. violenta1382 damaginga1400 harminga1400 spitea1400 offendinga1425 deringc1540 disservice1599 damagement1603 violencing1612 damnificationa1631 injuring1651 the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > [noun] > action > instance of scathe-deedc1275 scathe-workc1275 wrake13.. mischief?1418 incommodityc1450 wramp1669 to go in a perisher1864 to do oneself a bit of no good1914 society > authority > punishment > retributive punishment > [noun] > act or instance of vengeancea1300 wreaka1300 wrake13.. wrechea1325 revenge1561 the world > action or operation > behaviour > reciprocal treatment or return of an action > revenge > [noun] > action of taking revenge > act or instance of vengeancea1300 wreaka1300 wrake13.. wrechea1325 revenge1548 13.. Coer de L. 1562 Kyng Rychard hys hostel gan take, Thar he gan hys fyrste wrak. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 4950 Now es vs comen our ald sakes In to wandret new, and wrakes. c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 235 Þat oþer wrake þat wex on wyȝez. c1425 Wyntoun Cron. i. 1361 V. wrakys syndry has our tane..þis Brettane. c1425 Wyntoun Cron. ii. 533 The wrakys ten in Egipte rasse. c1440 Bone Florence 1977 God had sende on hym a wrake, That in the palsye can he schake. a1450 Le Morte Arth. 948 The quene..swore to venge hyr of that wrake. a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 125 Seand nathing bot wraikis to come to hir pretendit husband. DerivativesΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > retributive punishment > [noun] wrakec825 wrechec1175 yielda1200 wrakedomc1275 vengeancea1300 hevening1303 vengement1338 wreakc1340 rewardc1350 retributiona1425 revengeancec1480 wratha1500 revengementa1513 avengeance1535 avenge1568 ultion1575 venge1587 wreck1591 nemesis1597 revanche1615 vindict1639 vindication1647 the world > action or operation > behaviour > reciprocal treatment or return of an action > revenge > [noun] wrakec825 wrackc900 wrechec1175 yielda1200 wrakedomc1275 vengeancea1300 vengement1338 awreaking1340 rewardc1350 revengeancec1480 wratha1500 avengementa1513 revengementa1513 revengea1525 avengeance1535 avenge1568 requital1569 ultion1575 venge1587 wreck1591 revanche1615 vindict1639 payback1973 c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 40 For þe wrake-dome of Menelaus quene...for hire weoren on ane daȝe hund þousunt deade. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1928; most recently modified version published online December 2021). † wraken.2 Chiefly Scottish. Obsolete. 1. Shipwreck; = wrack n.2 2. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > shipwreck > [noun] shipbrechea1067 ship-breaking1398 ship-brechinga1400 shipwreckc1450 wreck1463 wrake1513 wrack1579 naufrage1589 wrecking1775 1513 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid i. iii. (heading) How that Enee wes witht the tempest schaik, And how Neptune his navy saifit fra wraik. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 290/2 Wrake of a shippe, naufraige. 2. Wreck, wreckage; = wrack n.2 1b. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > possessions > [noun] > personal or movable property > flotsam or jetsam shipwreck?a1100 wreke1420 wrecka1425 wrack1428 jetsam1491 waveson1526 wrake1544 sea-wracks1548 water1552 wracksa1586 flotsam1607 wrack-goods1671 floatage1672 wreck-goods1693 jettison1708 wreck-wood1821 wreckages1864 society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > [noun] > wrecked vessel > pieces of shipwreck?a1100 lagan1531 wrake1544 wreck1744 wreckage1846 1544 Aberdeen Reg. (1844) I. 205 Ane schip of fyr, quhilk wes storit as vraik in hir cumin in the havyn. 1581 Sc. Acts Parl., Jas. VI (1814) III. 255/2 The haill wraik and wayth that sal happin to be fund..within the boundis of the saidis landis or sie cost thairoff. 1610 Reg. Mag. Sig. Scot. 146/1 Cum lie wraik et wair, piscaria de lie yair de Avach, silvis lie scroggis et bussis. 1615 Acts Sherifs Orkney §15 in Edinb. Antiq. Mag. (1849) 8 No person..sal hyde nor conseall any kynd of thift,..injurie, robrie, nor opressioun in wraik or waith. 1632 Extracts Burgh Rec. Lanark (1893) 327 With furk, fork,..vert, vair, wraik, vennysone. 3. Sea-wrack; = wrack n.2 3. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > algae > seaweed > [noun] sea-frothc1440 wrekec1440 ooze?c1475 wreck1499 wrack1513 moss1543 reek1545 wrake1547 sea-wrack1551 seaweed1577 varec1676 wreck-weed1821 Algal alliance1846 wreck-ware1865 1547 W. Salesbury Dict. Eng. & Welshe Brock mor, Wrake of the sea. 1597 J. Gerard Herball iii. 1378 Quercus marinus. Sea Oke, or Wrake. 1657 W. Coles Adam in Eden cvi Sea Oke or Wrake. c1690 Kennett in Promptorium Parvulorum (1865) 533 Reits, sea-weed, of some..called reits, of others wrack or wraick. 4. Scottish. A wrecked edifice, etc. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > breaking or cracking > [noun] > demolition > a ruin or wreck fallinga1382 wracka1586 wrakea1627 land-wracka1657 wreck1814 rack-heap1850 wreckage1874 crack-up1926 a1627 A. Craig in H. Bisset Rolment Courtis (1920) I. 23 One man..consecratis, religius workis, to Gods: ane Other leavs, sad wrakis, and Ruynis now. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1928; most recently modified version published online September 2021). † wraken.3 Obsolete. rare. Refuse, rubbish; something worthless. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > refuse or rubbish > [noun] wrakea1350 outcastingc1350 rammel1370 rubble1376 mullockc1390 refusec1390 filtha1398 outcasta1398 chaff?a1400 rubbishc1400 wastec1430 drossc1440 raff?1440 rascal1440 murgeonc1450 wrack1472 gear1489 garblec1503 scowl1538 raffle1543 baggage1549 garbage1549 peltry1550 gubbins?1553 lastage1553 scruff1559 retraict1575 ross1577 riddings1584 ket1586 scouring1588 pelf1589 offal1598 rummage1598 dog's meat1606 retriment1615 spitling1620 recrement1622 mundungus1637 sordes1640 muskings1649 rejectament1654 offscouring1655 brat1656 relicts1687 offage1727 litter1730 rejectamenta1795 outwale1825 detritus1834 junk1836 wastements1843 croke1847–78 sculch1847 debris1851 rumble1854 flotsam1861 jetsam1861 pelt1880 offcasting1893 rubbishry1894 littering1897 muckings1898 wastage1898 dreck1905 bruck1929 crap1934 garbo1953 clobber1965 dooky1965 grot1971 tippings- the mind > attention and judgement > importance > unimportance > [noun] > that which is unimportant > worthless hawc1000 turdc1275 fille1297 dusta1300 lead1303 skitc1330 naught1340 vanityc1340 wrakea1350 rushc1350 dirt1357 fly's wing1377 goose-wing1377 fartc1390 chaff?a1400 nutshella1400 shalec1400 yardc1400 wrack1472 pelfrya1529 trasha1529 dreg1531 trish-trash1542 alchemy1547 beggary?1548 rubbish1548 pelfa1555 chip1556 stark naught1562 paltry?1566 rubbish1566 riff-raff1570 bran1574 baggage1579 nihil1579 trush-trash1582 stubblea1591 tartar1590 garbage1592 bag of winda1599 a cracked or slit groat1600 kitchen stuff1600 tilta1603 nothing?1608 bauble1609 countera1616 a pair of Yorkshire sleeves in a goldsmith's shop1620 buttermilk1630 dross1632 paltrement1641 cattle1643 bagatelle1647 nothingness1652 brimborion1653 stuff1670 flap-dragon1700 mud1706 caput mortuuma1711 snuff1778 twaddle1786 powder-post1790 traffic1828 junk1836 duffer1852 shice1859 punk1869 hogwash1870 cagmag1875 shit1890 tosh1892 tripe1895 dreck1905 schlock1906 cannon fodder1917 shite1928 skunk1929 crut1937 chickenshit1938 crud1943 Mickey Mouse1958 gick1959 garbo1978 turd1978 pants1994 a1350 Northern Passion (Galba) 1372 Þe met of þat oþir [tree] ne wol it notht del. Hit was schortir þan þe make. Awei þei slongen hit alle for wrake. a1586 Maitland Quarto MS. (S.T.S.) 111 Sum houpe is ȝit that my seruice sall speid, Without ye quhilk I wait I am bot wraik. 1604 A. Craig Poet. Ess. sig. C 3 Then shuld we not bin poynted at for wrake, scorne, & disgrace. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1928; most recently modified version published online December 2020). † wrakev.1 Obsolete. 1. transitive. = wrack v.1 1. Occasionally reflexive. Also figurative. ΘΠ society > authority > punishment > retributive punishment > inflict (retributive punishment) [verb (transitive)] > for an offence or on an offender wreakc825 awreak1048 wrackc1275 wrakec1275 venge1303 bewreakc1325 avenge1377 hevena1400 sella1400 revengec1425 prosecute1543 pursue1570 wrecka1593 the world > action or operation > behaviour > reciprocal treatment or return of an action > revenge > execute (vengeance) [verb (transitive)] > avenge (an injury or injured person) wreakc825 awreak1048 righta1275 wrackc1275 wrakec1275 venge1303 bewreakc1325 avenge1377 hevena1400 sella1400 revengec1425 countervenge1523 wrecka1593 redeem1598 vindicate1623 to pay off1749 c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 2999 Wrake [c1300 Otho Wreke] we us on Bruttes. & in-to þan londen we sullen faren. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 6597 Drightin sal me on yow wrak [Fairf. wrake], To sauue þaa men þat has na sak. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 6256 Bot þan i sal me on him wrake. a1450 (?c1350) Pride of Life l. 88 in N. Davis Non-Cycle Plays & Fragm. (1970) 92 Deth and Life..striuith a sterne strife [Þe] King of Life to wrake. 2. intransitive. To execute vengeance (on a person). ΘΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > reciprocal treatment or return of an action > revenge > take or execute revenge [verb (intransitive)] wreakc825 to do, have, nim (= take), ta, or take wrake (of, on, or upon)?a900 to do (also take) wrack (on one)12.. to do, have, make, nim, seek, and esp. take wrechec1200 to take (also nim) vengeance1297 wrakea1300 to perform, seek, spend, work, and esp. take (…) wreakc1330 visita1382 vengec1400 revengec1485 avenge1535 hevenc1540 resent1612 exact1858 a1300 Cursor Mundi 25458 O mans-slaghter had I na mak, Ne nan sa wild in wa to wrak [Fairf. wrake], To riue þe grene and gra. a1300 Cursor Mundi 27459 Quare euer he mai þat man ouer-tak, He sal wit suerd apon him wrak [Fairf. wrake]. 3. a. To be wroth or angry. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > anger > [verb (intransitive)] wrethec900 anbelgheOE wratha1225 wrakea1300 grievec1350 angera1400 sweata1400 smoke1548 to put or set up the back1728 to have (also get) one's monkey up1833 to get (also have) the pricker1871 to have, get a cob on1937 grrra1963 a1300 Early Compl. Eng. Prose Psalter vii. 12 (E.) God demer riht, þoland, and strang, Nou wrakes [v.r. wrathes] be daies alle lang? b. To wax violent or furious; to rage. ΘΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > be violent [verb (intransitive)] wedec900 wrakec1330 ragea1475 tempest1477 rave1559 ruffle1579 violent1609 chafea1616 c1330 King of Tars 148 Gret werre tho bigon to wrake, For the mariage ne moste be take Of that mayden heende. 4. a. transitive. To vent (one's wrath); = wreak v. 3. ΘΠ the mind > emotion > anger > [verb (transitive)] > wreak or give vent to anger wreakOE to let outa1250 wrechec1420 wrake1596 wreck1658 vent1697 1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene iv. viii. sig. G8v Ah wofull man, what..Wrath of cruell wight on thee ywrake..Doth thee thus wretched make? View more context for this quotation b. To take (vengeance) on some one. ΘΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > reciprocal treatment or return of an action > revenge > execute (vengeance) [verb (transitive)] vengea1382 wreak1490 wrakea1753 wreck1764 a1753 P. Drake Memoirs (1755) I. xiii. 102 In the End, I sufficiently raked my Vengeance on Mrs. Dickering. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1928; most recently modified version published online June 2021). † wrakev.2 Scottish. Obsolete. 1. a. transitive. To bring (a person) to ruin; = wrack v.2 3. Also reflexive. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > destroy [verb (transitive)] > destroy or ruin a person spillc950 amarOE smitelOE aspillc1175 mischievec1325 to bid (something) misadventurec1330 mara1375 fordoc1380 undo1390 wrack1564 to make roast meat of (also for)1565 wrake1567 wreck1590 speed1594 feeze1609 to do a person's business1667 cook1708 to settle a person's hash1795 diddle1806 to fix1836 raddle1951 1567 Compend. Bk. Godly Songs (1897) 186 Suppose we suld wrack [1621 wrake] our self, and tyne The feild, and all our kin be hangit syne. 1571 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xxviii. 141 And scho wer wrakit, all the warld may wene, Than sould the Duke but dout ressaif ye croun. a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 71 They thocht no thing better nor to wraike them and that witht extreme weiris. 1599 A. Hume Hymnes sig. E1 v The Lord the wicked wraikes. 1603 Philotus liii. sig. C v Quhome haue ȝe wraikit bot ȝour awin. b. To subvert or overthrow. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > destroy [verb (transitive)] > overthrow or overturn to-warpc888 overwarpeOE fallOE cumber1303 overthrowc1375 overturna1382 subverta1382 overwalta1400 sinka1400 to wend downa1400 tuyrec1400 reverse1402 tirvec1420 pervert?a1425 to put downa1425 cumrayc1425 downthringc1430 overthwart?a1439 thringc1480 subvertise1484 succumb1490 renverse1521 precipitate?1528 everta1538 wrake1570 ruinate1590 profligate1643 wreck1749 society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > revolution > make revolutionary in character [verb (transitive)] > overthrow upturna1340 overturna1382 subvert1474 invert1548 overthrow1567 wrake1570 revolve1609 to pull down1625 overset1679 1570 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xii. 74 Apperandly thir plaigis ar powrit out To wraik this warld, and wait ȝe quhair about? 1574 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xlii. 447 Quhen the Kirk sa ȝe haue wrakit, Ȝit all the Kirkis sall not be stakit. a1614 J. Melville Autobiogr. & Diary (1842) 246 The presuming..of the cheiff corrupt members..had vitiat and wrakit the esteat of the Kirk. 2. To hurt, harm, or injure severely; to damage, wreck, or ruin materially. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > destroy [verb (transitive)] to bring to noughteOE forspillc893 fordilghec900 to bring to naughtOE astryea1200 stroyc1200 forferec1275 misdoa1325 destroyc1330 naught1340 dingc1380 beshenda1400 devoida1400 unshapea1400 to wend downa1400 brittenc1400 unloukc1400 perishc1426 defeat1435 unmake1439 lithc1450 spend1481 kill1530 to shend ofc1540 quade1565 to make away1566 discreate1570 wrake1570 wracka1586 unwork1587 gaster1609 defease1621 unbe1624 uncreate1633 destructa1638 naufragate1648 stifle1725 stramash1788 disannul1794 destructify1841 locust1868 to knock out1944 dick1972 the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > damage > damage or injure [verb (transitive)] mareOE shendOE hinderc1000 amarOE awemc1275 noyc1300 touchc1300 bleche1340 blemisha1375 spill1377 misdoa1387 grieve1390 damagea1400 despoil?a1400 matea1400 snapea1400 mankc1400 overthrowa1425 tamec1430 undermine1430 blunder1440 depaira1460 adommage?1473 endamage1477 prejudicec1487 fulyie1488 martyra1500 dyscrase?1504 corrupt1526 mangle1534 danger1538 destroy1542 spoil1563 ruinate1564 ruin1567 wrake1570 injury1579 bane1587 massacre1589 ravish1594 wrong1595 rifle1604 tainta1616 mutilea1618 to do violence toa1625 flaw1665 stun1676 quail1682 maul1694 moil1698 damnify1712 margullie1721 maul1782 buga1790 mux1806 queer1818 batter1840 puckeroo1840 rim-rack1841 pretty1868 garbage1899 savage1899 to do in1905 strafe1915 mash1924 blow1943 nuke1967 mung1969 1570 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xxiv. 8 Quhair furious Fleming schot his Ordinance, Willing to wraik him wantit na gude will. 1578 Sc. Acts, Jas. VI (1814) III. 113/2 Sum of thair housiss wyiffis and bairnis being thairin wer alluterlie wraikit and brount. 1596 in J. Stuart Misc. Spalding Club (1841) I. 88 His haill geir surmounting to mair nor thrie thowsand lib...ar altogidder wrakit and away. 1607 in J. Stuart Extracts Council Reg. Aberdeen (1848) II. 295 Dumbartane..is liklie to be wrakit be the inundatioun of the watter of Clyde. 1692 in Rec. Convent. Burghs Scot. (1880) IV. 595 Ane bush..named the Generall, was wraked in this harbour. 3. intransitive. = wrack v.2 4. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > destroy [verb (intransitive)] > be destroyed, ruined, or come to an end losec888 fallOE forlesea1225 perishc1275 spilla1300 to go to wreche13.. to go to the gatec1330 to go to lostc1374 miscarryc1387 quenchc1390 to bring unto, to fall into, to go, put, or work to wrakea1400 mischieve?a1400 tinea1400 to go to the devilc1405 bursta1450 untwindc1460 to make shipwreck1526 to go to (the) pot1531 to go to wreck (and ruin)a1547 wrake1570 wracka1586 to hop (also tip, pitch over, drop off, etc.) the perch1587 to lie in the dusta1591 mischief1598 to go (etc.) to rack (and ruin)1599 shipwreck1607 suffera1616 unravel1643 to fall off1684 tip (over) the perch1699 to do away with1769 to go to the dickens1833 collapse1838 to come (also go) a mucker1851 mucker1862 to go up1864 to go to squash1889 to go (to) stramash1910 to go for a burton1941 to meet one's Makera1978 1570 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xii. 67 I dout not, in our dayis, Hepburnis will wraik for wyrrying of the King. DerivativesΚΠ c1600 Diurnal of Remarkable Occurrents (1833) 147 The wraiking of James erle of Mortoun and his assistaris. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1928; most recently modified version published online June 2021). † wrakev.3 Scottish. Obsolete. transitive. To examine (goods, etc.) with a view to rejecting or destroying the unsound, faulty, or damaged. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > investigation, inspection > inspection, survey > inspect, survey [verb (transitive)] > officially > so as to check quality view1534 wrake1584 wrack1609 visit1654 1584 in J. D. Marwick Extracts Rec. Burgh Edinb. (1882) IV. 343 All the heiring and quhyte fische that sall cum within the said port..to be strukin vp, visitet and wraket. 1609 in Rec. Convent. Burghs Scot. (1870) II. 284 Nane to be transportit furth of the realm quhill thai [sc. herring-barrels] be packit, wraikit and merkett as followis. Derivatives wraking n. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > investigation, inspection > inspection, survey > [noun] > maintenance of standards wraking1599 quality control1917 1599 in Rec. Convent. Burghs Scot. (1870) II. 60 Anent the office of jedgerie wraking and burneing of all hoghedis and barrellis of herings. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1928; most recently modified version published online December 2020). < |
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