working classn.adj.

Brit.

/ˌwəːkɪŋ ˈklɑːs/,

/ˌwəːkɪŋ ˈklas/, U.S.

/ˌwərkɪŋ ˈklæs/

Forms: also with capital initial(s).

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: working adj., class n.

Etymology: < working adj. + class n. Compare earlier ruling class n., governing class n. at governing adj. Compounds, and also labouring class n. at labouring adj. Compounds.

A. n.

A class of society or social grouping consisting of people who are employed for wages, esp. in unskilled or semi-skilled manual or industrial work, and their families, and which is typically considered the lowest class in terms of economic level and social status; (with the, in singular and plural) the members of such a class. Cf. class n. 4a(a).The class is sometimes further differentiated; see lower working class n., upper working class n.

ΘΠ

society > society and the community > social class > the common people > specific classes of common people > [noun] > working class

working class1757

population1817

proletaire1833

proletariat1847

labour class1848

industrial proletariat1871

1735 Seasonable Exam. Play-houses 17 We cannot help thinking it [sc. the Stage] a very improper Diversion to be planted among the Working Class of People, particularly.]

1757 M. Postlethwayt Britain's Commerc. Interest I. 26 Would not absolute necessity oblige the working class to give their labour as cheap as possible?

1789 J. Gray in G. Dempster Disc. Proc. Soc. for extending Fisheries Great Brit. 50 More spacious plots of ground..may be allowed to the clergyman and schoolmaster, and to other persons superior to the working class.

1813 R. Owen New View of Society 5 The poor and working classes of Great Britain and Ireland have been found to exceed twelve millions of persons.

1834 in K. Laybourn Brit. Trade Unionism (1991) 42 Acts that will have a very great influence on society at large, and more particularly on one portion—the working class.

1844 Ld. Cockburn Jrnl. 30 July (1874) II. xi. 83 What are termed the working-classes, as if the only workers were those who wrought with their hands.

1890 Act 53 & 54 Vict. c. 69 §18 The provisions of section eleven of the Housing of the Working Classes Act, 1885,..shall have effect as if the expression ‘working classes’ included all classes of persons who earn their livelihood by wages or salaries.

1938 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 43 526 America never had a working class emerging from the status-bound guild structure.

1989 Mod. Painters Winter 83/3 Coal and iron barons..made their money from ships and armaments and the sweat of the working classes.

2009 Guardian 17 Jan. (Review section) 15/3 Perhaps he left the working class so long ago he's forgotten that grindingly hard work for little reward tends to engender a certain fatalism.

B. adj.

Usually with hyphen. Of, belonging to, or characteristic of the working class.

ΘΠ

society > society and the community > social class > the common people > specific classes of common people > [adjective] > working-class

laborious1534

mechanicc1550

mechanical1584

aproned1628

working class1833

proletarian1848

lower working class1878

proletary1884

cloth-capped1935

prole1938

cloth cap1959

Coronation Street1962

proly1971

1833 True Sun 4 Mar. The Working Class meeting has called, during the week, the whole vocabulary of Whig abuse into active application.

1839 J. S. Mill in London & Westm. Rev. Apr. 497 The Working Men's Association..who represent the best and most enlightened aspect of working-class Radicalism.

1849 F. D. Maurice Let. 3 Mar. in J. F. Maurice Life F. D. Maurice (1884) I. xxv. 513 Thank you very much for entering so heartily into my working class meetings.

1869 W. T. Thornton On Labour iii. v. 316 Leading unionists, and working-class leaders.

1895 Q. Rev. Oct. 558 The working-class vote.

1913 Times 14 May 5/5 The 3,000 working class families which form the population.

1940 Archit. Rev. 87 110/1 Both these sorts of public house are essentially working class.

1955 E. A. Powell Adventure Road xiv. 111 I headed north through a squalid working-class suburb toward Holland.

1989 Sound Choice Autumn 74/2 What we have here is rough-edged and hard-driving black working-class music.

2004 Independent (Compact ed.) 28 Jan. 41/1 There's this idea that I'm some middle-class person laughing at the working-class population. Well, I'm working-class, so it's not that.

Compounds

working-class hero n. a working-class person (esp. a man) who has achieved fame or distinction; a working person regarded as embodying virtues popularly associated with the working class; (also) any person regarded as a hero by working-class people.

1881 Reynold's Newspaper 12 June 3/2 (heading) A working-class hero [sc. G. Stephenson].

1912 Dict. National Biogr. 1901–11 II. 581/2 Smiles set Massey high among his working-class heroes.

1949 Chester (Pa.) Times 5 Aug. 9/4 Russia's working-class heroes are..coal-miners, ore-diggers, riveters, sand hogs, who, for money and honor, beat the norm.

1970 J. Lennon Working Class Hero (song) in Lyrics (1997) 29 You're still fucking peasants as far as I can see A working class hero is something to be.

1980 Orange Coast Mag. June 117/2 The manager describes his clientele as ‘working class heroes’—everyday people.

1980 Chron.-Telegram (Elyria, Ohio) 16 Oct. a3/2 Tony Benn.., a working-class hero who disclaimed his hereditary title of Viscount Stansgate is favored by..the grass-roots membership.

2002 R. Wainwright Rose ii. 25 Here was a true working-class hero, who battled loudly against the stench of government corruption.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2014; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	working class
释义	working classn.adj. Brit. /ˌwəːkɪŋ ˈklɑːs/, /ˌwəːkɪŋ ˈklas/, U.S. /ˌwərkɪŋ ˈklæs/ Forms: also with capital initial(s). Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: working adj., class n. Etymology: < working adj. + class n. Compare earlier ruling class n., governing class n. at governing adj. Compounds, and also labouring class n. at labouring adj. Compounds. A. n. A class of society or social grouping consisting of people who are employed for wages, esp. in unskilled or semi-skilled manual or industrial work, and their families, and which is typically considered the lowest class in terms of economic level and social status; (with the, in singular and plural) the members of such a class. Cf. class n. 4a(a).The class is sometimes further differentiated; see lower working class n., upper working class n. ΘΠ society > society and the community > social class > the common people > specific classes of common people > [noun] > working class working class1757 population1817 proletaire1833 proletariat1847 labour class1848 industrial proletariat1871 1735 Seasonable Exam. Play-houses 17 We cannot help thinking it [sc. the Stage] a very improper Diversion to be planted among the Working Class of People, particularly.] 1757 M. Postlethwayt Britain's Commerc. Interest I. 26 Would not absolute necessity oblige the working class to give their labour as cheap as possible? 1789 J. Gray in G. Dempster Disc. Proc. Soc. for extending Fisheries Great Brit. 50 More spacious plots of ground..may be allowed to the clergyman and schoolmaster, and to other persons superior to the working class. 1813 R. Owen New View of Society 5 The poor and working classes of Great Britain and Ireland have been found to exceed twelve millions of persons. 1834 in K. Laybourn Brit. Trade Unionism (1991) 42 Acts that will have a very great influence on society at large, and more particularly on one portion—the working class. 1844 Ld. Cockburn Jrnl. 30 July (1874) II. xi. 83 What are termed the working-classes, as if the only workers were those who wrought with their hands. 1890 Act 53 & 54 Vict. c. 69 §18 The provisions of section eleven of the Housing of the Working Classes Act, 1885,..shall have effect as if the expression ‘working classes’ included all classes of persons who earn their livelihood by wages or salaries. 1938 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 43 526 America never had a working class emerging from the status-bound guild structure. 1989 Mod. Painters Winter 83/3 Coal and iron barons..made their money from ships and armaments and the sweat of the working classes. 2009 Guardian 17 Jan. (Review section) 15/3 Perhaps he left the working class so long ago he's forgotten that grindingly hard work for little reward tends to engender a certain fatalism. B. adj. Usually with hyphen. Of, belonging to, or characteristic of the working class. ΘΠ society > society and the community > social class > the common people > specific classes of common people > [adjective] > working-class laborious1534 mechanicc1550 mechanical1584 aproned1628 working class1833 proletarian1848 lower working class1878 proletary1884 cloth-capped1935 prole1938 cloth cap1959 Coronation Street1962 proly1971 1833 True Sun 4 Mar. The Working Class meeting has called, during the week, the whole vocabulary of Whig abuse into active application. 1839 J. S. Mill in London & Westm. Rev. Apr. 497 The Working Men's Association..who represent the best and most enlightened aspect of working-class Radicalism. 1849 F. D. Maurice Let. 3 Mar. in J. F. Maurice Life F. D. Maurice (1884) I. xxv. 513 Thank you very much for entering so heartily into my working class meetings. 1869 W. T. Thornton On Labour iii. v. 316 Leading unionists, and working-class leaders. 1895 Q. Rev. Oct. 558 The working-class vote. 1913 Times 14 May 5/5 The 3,000 working class families which form the population. 1940 Archit. Rev. 87 110/1 Both these sorts of public house are essentially working class. 1955 E. A. Powell Adventure Road xiv. 111 I headed north through a squalid working-class suburb toward Holland. 1989 Sound Choice Autumn 74/2 What we have here is rough-edged and hard-driving black working-class music. 2004 Independent (Compact ed.) 28 Jan. 41/1 There's this idea that I'm some middle-class person laughing at the working-class population. Well, I'm working-class, so it's not that. Compounds working-class hero n. a working-class person (esp. a man) who has achieved fame or distinction; a working person regarded as embodying virtues popularly associated with the working class; (also) any person regarded as a hero by working-class people. Π 1881 Reynold's Newspaper 12 June 3/2 (heading) A working-class hero [sc. G. Stephenson]. 1912 Dict. National Biogr. 1901–11 II. 581/2 Smiles set Massey high among his working-class heroes. 1949 Chester (Pa.) Times 5 Aug. 9/4 Russia's working-class heroes are..coal-miners, ore-diggers, riveters, sand hogs, who, for money and honor, beat the norm. 1970 J. Lennon Working Class Hero (song) in Lyrics (1997) 29 You're still fucking peasants as far as I can see A working class hero is something to be. 1980 Orange Coast Mag. June 117/2 The manager describes his clientele as ‘working class heroes’—everyday people. 1980 Chron.-Telegram (Elyria, Ohio) 16 Oct. a3/2 Tony Benn.., a working-class hero who disclaimed his hereditary title of Viscount Stansgate is favored by..the grass-roots membership. 2002 R. Wainwright Rose ii. 25 Here was a true working-class hero, who battled loudly against the stench of government corruption. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2014; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.adj.1757
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