worsenv.

Brit.

/ˈwəːsn/, U.S.

/ˈwərs(ə)n/

Forms: early Middle English wursn- (inflected form), late Middle English worson, 1500s– worsen; English regional 1800s warsn- (northern, inflected form), 1800s wussen (north-western), 1800s–1900s warsen (northern), 1800s– wossen; also Scottish (north-eastern and Shetland) 1800s– warsn- (inflected form), 1900s warsen.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: worse adj., -en suffix⁵.

Etymology: < worse adj. + -en suffix⁵.Compare Middle High German wirsenen to make worse, to damage, to offend, Old Icelandic versna , vesna to become worse. The word is rare before the 17th cent., the more usual word in this period being worse v.

a. transitive. To make worse; to impair, vitiate, cause to deteriorate; to spoil. Also (now usually) with something harmful, undesirable, or unpleasant as object: to make more severe.

ΘΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > badness or evil > worse > [verb (transitive)]

worsec1175

worsena1250

appair1297

impair1297

pairc1330

aggregea1382

appalea1500

emperish1509

empyre1566

worser1590

worst1602

improve1609

pejorate1653

vilioratea1722

misimprove1847

nastify1873

a1250 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Titus) (1963) 159 Ȝe muhen muche þurh hom beo igodet & wursnet [?c1225 Cleo. iwurset].

a1500 (?a1390) J. Mirk Festial (Gough) (1905) 112 (MED) Tymes byn changet, men byn worsont.

1534 W. Marshall tr. Erasmus Playne & Godly Expos. Commune Crede f. 171^v Such persons which by crafte done appayre and worsen the commune coyne.

1641 J. Milton Of Reformation 13 It is still Episcopacie that..worsens and sluggs the most learned, and seeming religious of our Ministers.

1644 K. Digby Two Treat. ii. x. 432 A..state, where she can neyther be bettered, or worsened.

1661 O. Felltham Resolves (rev. ed.) 205 Life in it self is a Blessing: And it is not worsened by being long.

1670 T. Brooks London's Lamentations ii. 165 The righteous are signally sanctified by fiery dispensations, but the wicked are signally worsened by the same dispensations.

1703 J. Lambert Country-man's Treasure (new ed.) 48 The Change may rather make them thrive than worsen them.

1797 C. C. Church Duty of Laborious Classes 11 This is indeed the situation which nothing can worsen but the addition of eternal duration.

1806 W. Taylor in Ann. Rev. 4 251 If effeminacy could become the attribute of a whole nation, it would be proper to institute societies for worsening the condition of the poor.

1832 R. Southey Hist. Peninsular War III. 703 Men whose nature, originally bad, had been worsened by their way of life.

1835 T. Carlyle Jrnl. 1 Jan. in J. A. Froude T. Carlyle: Life in London (1884) I. i. 19 To ask able editors to employ you will not improve but worsen matters.

1852 T. De Quincey Sketch from Childhood in Hogg's Instructor New Ser. 8 337/1 Their case was certainly not worsened by being booked for places in the grave.

1870 W. Morris Earthly Paradise: Pt. IV 40 There sat a woman all alone Whom some ten years would make a crone, Yet would they little worsen her.

1906 Spectator 30 June 1043/2 Irrelevance and confusion are worsened, not bettered, when advanced under the cloak of a distinguished reputation.

1928 A. E. Pease Dict. Dial. N. Riding Yorks. 158/2 Thoo warsens owt thoo puts thy hans teea.

1977 Ann. Internal Med. 86 172/1 In our patient, potassium challenge improved muscle strength but worsened clinical myotonia.

1996 W. Hutton State we're In (rev. ed.) Pref. p. xiv The economy..needs to grow at a rate that will necessarily worsen the trade balance and generate inflation.

2013 M. Lawson Deaths x. 339 Caffeine can worsen symptoms of anxiety.

b. transitive (reflexive). To make oneself worse, esp. in terms of economic or social status; to become worse off. Cf. better v.¹ 1b.

ΘΠ

the mind > possession > poverty > impoverish oneself [verb (reflexive)]

ruinate1547

ruin1585

waste1599

worsen1828

worser1851

society > morality > moral evil > moral or spiritual degeneration > degrading or impairing morally > degrade or impair morally [verb (reflexive)]

worsen1860

1828 W. Carr Dial. Craven (ed. 2) (at cited word) I will not worsen mysell.

1860 E. B. Pusey Minor Prophets 167 Moab and Ammon chose them gods like themselves, and worsened themselves by copying these idols of their sinful nature.

1864 C. Kingsley Water of Life (1879) iv. 51 They feel that they have weakened and worsened themselves thereby.

1866 ‘G. Eliot’ Felix Holt I. v. 115 That's how the working men are left to foolish devices and keep worsening themselves.

1901 R. Barr Victors ix. 120 Boys with fathers like that can't worsen themselves much, and there's always the chance of doing better.

1950 Rotarian June 59/1 It appears that our young worker cannot better himself. He either must stay where he is or leave his job and worsen himself.

2015 A. Cope et al. Art of being Brilliant Teenager 69 If you want to worsen yourself, hang around with people who are worse than you.

c. transitive. To cause the deterioration and depreciation of (property). Also with the affected person or locality as object. Cf. worsement n. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > loss > lose [verb (transitive)] > inflict loss upon

worsen1862

society > trade and finance > management of money > expenditure > financial loss > lose money [verb (transitive)] > subject to financial loss

tinsel1475

scathec1485

fall1564

damnify1654

unrevenue1673

worsen1862

1862 Preston Guardian 26 Mar. 3/2 He could say that they had worsened his property through sewering, and he had requested them to take the property and sell it.

1890 G. J. Johnson Observ. Speech Mr. Councillor Fulford 27 The very progress of the town has generally worsened the situation of the property.

1893 Hansard's Parl. Deb. 4th Ser. 11 1469 There was no provision made for the unfortunate devils who carried on business in these streets, and who would be worsened instead of bettered.

1894 Times 4 Apr. 6/2 Every man who was worsened having to be compensated before he was turned out.

1894 Daily News 21 June 2/3 The construction of these thoroughfares had worsened Wardour-street and other streets through diversion of the traffic.

1903 Parl. Deb. 4th Ser. 120 482/2 Was he going to compensate those owners whose property had been worsened?

1952 Times 18 Nov. 9/2 All sorts of property, not merely land, may be ‘bettered’ or ‘worsened’ in a thousand different ways by the many controls to which the economy is subjected.

†d. transitive. To represent (a thing) as worse than it is; to depreciate. Obsolete.

ΘΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > misjudgement > misjudge [verb (transitive)] > underestimate or undervalue

to make much (also little, nothing, too much, etc.) of (or on)c1395

disprize1480

misprize1483

to make light of1526

extenuate1529

to make the worst ofc1530

seclude?1531

to take (also wrest) to the worst1531

deprisec1550

disparagea1556

undermatch1571

embase1577

underbid1593

underprize1600

underpoise1602

undervalue1611

minorize1615

underspeak1635

underthink1646

underrate1650

minify1676

under-measure1682

underpraise1698

sneeze1806

understate1824

disappreciate1828

under-estimatea1850

minimize1866

to play down1869

worsen1885

to sell short1936

downplay1948

underplay1949

lowball1979

minimalize1979

1885 J. Ingelow Poems Old Days & New 66 I have worsened life, I have wronged the world.

1885 W. E. Gladstone in Times 28 Apr. 7/4 The policy which is necessary in the existing circumstances, which I shall say nothing to exaggerate or worsen.

2. intransitive. To become worse, to deteriorate. Also with something undesirable, unpleasant, etc., as subject: to intensify, to become more severe.rare before the late 18th cent. N.E.D. (1928) states: ‘reintroduced to literature c1800–30 (by writers like Southey and De Quincey) as a racy vernacular substitute for deteriorate and the like.’

ΘΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > badness or evil > worse > [verb (intransitive)]

worseeOE

aswindc885

worsena1250

appair1340

impair1340

fainta1375

pairc1390

vade1471

decay1511

decline1530

degenerate1545

lapse1641

addle1654

sunset1656

deteriorate1758

worst1781

descend1829

disimprove1846

slush1882

devolute1893

worser1894

a1250 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Titus) (1963) 116 (MED) Þe sixte is te wunde þat eauer wursnes [c1230 Corpus Cambr. wurseð] upon honde & strengre is to healen.

1646 N. Lockyer Eng. faithfully watcht With 446 This World worsens apace: this Generation, the dregs of many past.

1795 W. Wordsworth in Mem. (1851) I. 86 I am still much engaged with my sick friend; and sorry am I to add that he worsens daily.

1829 R. Southey Sir Thomas More (1831) II. 183 It is the nature of man to worsen if he be left to himself.

1839 T. Carlyle Chartism ii. 10 If life last longer..the general condition of the poor must be bettering instead of worsening.

1880 R. Broughton Second Thoughts II. iii. vi. 226 The weather has again changed and worsened.

1948 Times 11 Feb. 2/2 The weather worsened, the list increased, and the vessel pounded and shipped water.

1986 Sydney Morning Herald (Nexis) 10 Dec. 7 Delays in the clearance of air cargo and overseas air mail are expected to worsen today as Customs screeners..begin a 24-hour strike.

2015 Times of India 22 Nov. If their condition worsens I tell my father to take them to the vet.

Derivatives

ˈworsened adj.

ΘΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > badness or evil > worse > [adjective]

werrarc1475

worser1495

decayeda1522

derogate1608

depraved1610

deteriorated1656

worserer1720

worsened1822

1822 Parl. Deb. 2nd Ser. 5 122 The picture of a worsened condition of the labourer, at a period when it suited the author's purpose so to describe it, is completed by a similar use of facts and history.

1875 A. J. Ellis tr. H. L. F. von Helmholtz On Sensations of Tone 783 Skhismic Intonation exaggerates the errors of the Thirds in Bosanquet's, of which it is simply a worsened form.

1933 R. B. Mowat Short Hist. Brit. Empire xxiv. 282 The policy of the Government, Mr. Scullin declared, was that everything which could be made in Australia should be made there. The result, however, only showed a worsened economic situation.

2005 J. Middleton World Monarchies & Dynasties 549/2 His legacy of neglect and profligacy left France in a worsened condition that ultimately led to revolution.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2017; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	worsen
释义	† worsenadj. Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: worse adj. Etymology: Alteration of worse adj., perhaps after the regional and nonstandard worse'n, worsen, combined form of worse adj. and than conj.; compare:1851 ‘G. Seaworthy’ Bertie 236 Worse'n Pharo'! Worse'n Sampson! Worse'n Goliah! Worse'n the Philistians!1884 Ballou's Monthly Mag. June 570/2 An' that wood spite him worse 'n if I wood n't let him be a school director.1885 Overland Monthly Mar. 279/1 I hated that man worse 'n all else.1956 M. L. Settle O Beulah Land (1995) ii. iii. 236 A sight worsen Injuns. English regional (chiefly midlands and northern) and nonstandard. Obsolete. = worse adj.In quot. 1854¹ apparently used as a more emphatic form of worse (cf. worser adj.). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > adversity > [adjective] > worse or worst (of state of affairs) worseeOE worsteOE waura1325 worsen1634 worstest1768 1634 T. Heywood & R. Brome Late Lancashire Witches v. sig. L It stinket..worsen than ony brimstone. 1669 W. Carter Eng. Interest Asserted 11 The French having that advantage of our English Wool, to help work up theirs being worsen. 1854 C. Dickens Hard Times i. xi. 85 From bad to worse, from worse to worsen. 1854 A. E. Baker Gloss. Northants. Words II. 407 It's worsen than it was. 1877 Appletons' Jrnl. Nov. 396/2 Hurry and haste are worsen than waste. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022). worsenv. Brit. /ˈwəːsn/, U.S. /ˈwərs(ə)n/ Forms: early Middle English wursn- (inflected form), late Middle English worson, 1500s– worsen; English regional 1800s warsn- (northern, inflected form), 1800s wussen (north-western), 1800s–1900s warsen (northern), 1800s– wossen; also Scottish (north-eastern and Shetland) 1800s– warsn- (inflected form), 1900s warsen. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: worse adj., -en suffix⁵. Etymology: < worse adj. + -en suffix⁵.Compare Middle High German wirsenen to make worse, to damage, to offend, Old Icelandic versna , vesna to become worse. The word is rare before the 17th cent., the more usual word in this period being worse v. 1. a. transitive. To make worse; to impair, vitiate, cause to deteriorate; to spoil. Also (now usually) with something harmful, undesirable, or unpleasant as object: to make more severe. ΘΠ the mind > goodness and badness > badness or evil > worse > [verb (transitive)] worsec1175 worsena1250 appair1297 impair1297 pairc1330 aggregea1382 appalea1500 emperish1509 empyre1566 worser1590 worst1602 improve1609 pejorate1653 vilioratea1722 misimprove1847 nastify1873 a1250 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Titus) (1963) 159 Ȝe muhen muche þurh hom beo igodet & wursnet [?c1225 Cleo. iwurset]. a1500 (?a1390) J. Mirk Festial (Gough) (1905) 112 (MED) Tymes byn changet, men byn worsont. 1534 W. Marshall tr. Erasmus Playne & Godly Expos. Commune Crede f. 171^v Such persons which by crafte done appayre and worsen the commune coyne. 1641 J. Milton Of Reformation 13 It is still Episcopacie that..worsens and sluggs the most learned, and seeming religious of our Ministers. 1644 K. Digby Two Treat. ii. x. 432 A..state, where she can neyther be bettered, or worsened. 1661 O. Felltham Resolves (rev. ed.) 205 Life in it self is a Blessing: And it is not worsened by being long. 1670 T. Brooks London's Lamentations ii. 165 The righteous are signally sanctified by fiery dispensations, but the wicked are signally worsened by the same dispensations. 1703 J. Lambert Country-man's Treasure (new ed.) 48 The Change may rather make them thrive than worsen them. 1797 C. C. Church Duty of Laborious Classes 11 This is indeed the situation which nothing can worsen but the addition of eternal duration. 1806 W. Taylor in Ann. Rev. 4 251 If effeminacy could become the attribute of a whole nation, it would be proper to institute societies for worsening the condition of the poor. 1832 R. Southey Hist. Peninsular War III. 703 Men whose nature, originally bad, had been worsened by their way of life. 1835 T. Carlyle Jrnl. 1 Jan. in J. A. Froude T. Carlyle: Life in London (1884) I. i. 19 To ask able editors to employ you will not improve but worsen matters. 1852 T. De Quincey Sketch from Childhood in Hogg's Instructor New Ser. 8 337/1 Their case was certainly not worsened by being booked for places in the grave. 1870 W. Morris Earthly Paradise: Pt. IV 40 There sat a woman all alone Whom some ten years would make a crone, Yet would they little worsen her. 1906 Spectator 30 June 1043/2 Irrelevance and confusion are worsened, not bettered, when advanced under the cloak of a distinguished reputation. 1928 A. E. Pease Dict. Dial. N. Riding Yorks. 158/2 Thoo warsens owt thoo puts thy hans teea. 1977 Ann. Internal Med. 86 172/1 In our patient, potassium challenge improved muscle strength but worsened clinical myotonia. 1996 W. Hutton State we're In (rev. ed.) Pref. p. xiv The economy..needs to grow at a rate that will necessarily worsen the trade balance and generate inflation. 2013 M. Lawson Deaths x. 339 Caffeine can worsen symptoms of anxiety. b. transitive (reflexive). To make oneself worse, esp. in terms of economic or social status; to become worse off. Cf. better v.¹ 1b. ΘΠ the mind > possession > poverty > impoverish oneself [verb (reflexive)] ruinate1547 ruin1585 waste1599 worsen1828 worser1851 society > morality > moral evil > moral or spiritual degeneration > degrading or impairing morally > degrade or impair morally [verb (reflexive)] worsen1860 1828 W. Carr Dial. Craven (ed. 2) (at cited word) I will not worsen mysell. 1860 E. B. Pusey Minor Prophets 167 Moab and Ammon chose them gods like themselves, and worsened themselves by copying these idols of their sinful nature. 1864 C. Kingsley Water of Life (1879) iv. 51 They feel that they have weakened and worsened themselves thereby. 1866 ‘G. Eliot’ Felix Holt I. v. 115 That's how the working men are left to foolish devices and keep worsening themselves. 1901 R. Barr Victors ix. 120 Boys with fathers like that can't worsen themselves much, and there's always the chance of doing better. 1950 Rotarian June 59/1 It appears that our young worker cannot better himself. He either must stay where he is or leave his job and worsen himself. 2015 A. Cope et al. Art of being Brilliant Teenager 69 If you want to worsen yourself, hang around with people who are worse than you. c. transitive. To cause the deterioration and depreciation of (property). Also with the affected person or locality as object. Cf. worsement n. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > loss > lose [verb (transitive)] > inflict loss upon worsen1862 society > trade and finance > management of money > expenditure > financial loss > lose money [verb (transitive)] > subject to financial loss tinsel1475 scathec1485 fall1564 damnify1654 unrevenue1673 worsen1862 1862 Preston Guardian 26 Mar. 3/2 He could say that they had worsened his property through sewering, and he had requested them to take the property and sell it. 1890 G. J. Johnson Observ. Speech Mr. Councillor Fulford 27 The very progress of the town has generally worsened the situation of the property. 1893 Hansard's Parl. Deb. 4th Ser. 11 1469 There was no provision made for the unfortunate devils who carried on business in these streets, and who would be worsened instead of bettered. 1894 Times 4 Apr. 6/2 Every man who was worsened having to be compensated before he was turned out. 1894 Daily News 21 June 2/3 The construction of these thoroughfares had worsened Wardour-street and other streets through diversion of the traffic. 1903 Parl. Deb. 4th Ser. 120 482/2 Was he going to compensate those owners whose property had been worsened? 1952 Times 18 Nov. 9/2 All sorts of property, not merely land, may be ‘bettered’ or ‘worsened’ in a thousand different ways by the many controls to which the economy is subjected. †d. transitive. To represent (a thing) as worse than it is; to depreciate. Obsolete. ΘΠ the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > misjudgement > misjudge [verb (transitive)] > underestimate or undervalue to make much (also little, nothing, too much, etc.) of (or on)c1395 disprize1480 misprize1483 to make light of1526 extenuate1529 to make the worst ofc1530 seclude?1531 to take (also wrest) to the worst1531 deprisec1550 disparagea1556 undermatch1571 embase1577 underbid1593 underprize1600 underpoise1602 undervalue1611 minorize1615 underspeak1635 underthink1646 underrate1650 minify1676 under-measure1682 underpraise1698 sneeze1806 understate1824 disappreciate1828 under-estimatea1850 minimize1866 to play down1869 worsen1885 to sell short1936 downplay1948 underplay1949 lowball1979 minimalize1979 1885 J. Ingelow Poems Old Days & New 66 I have worsened life, I have wronged the world. 1885 W. E. Gladstone in Times 28 Apr. 7/4 The policy which is necessary in the existing circumstances, which I shall say nothing to exaggerate or worsen. 2. intransitive. To become worse, to deteriorate. Also with something undesirable, unpleasant, etc., as subject: to intensify, to become more severe.rare before the late 18th cent. N.E.D. (1928) states: ‘reintroduced to literature c1800–30 (by writers like Southey and De Quincey) as a racy vernacular substitute for deteriorate and the like.’ ΘΠ the mind > goodness and badness > badness or evil > worse > [verb (intransitive)] worseeOE aswindc885 worsena1250 appair1340 impair1340 fainta1375 pairc1390 vade1471 decay1511 decline1530 degenerate1545 lapse1641 addle1654 sunset1656 deteriorate1758 worst1781 descend1829 disimprove1846 slush1882 devolute1893 worser1894 a1250 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Titus) (1963) 116 (MED) Þe sixte is te wunde þat eauer wursnes [c1230 Corpus Cambr. wurseð] upon honde & strengre is to healen. 1646 N. Lockyer Eng. faithfully watcht With 446 This World worsens apace: this Generation, the dregs of many past. 1795 W. Wordsworth in Mem. (1851) I. 86 I am still much engaged with my sick friend; and sorry am I to add that he worsens daily. 1829 R. Southey Sir Thomas More (1831) II. 183 It is the nature of man to worsen if he be left to himself. 1839 T. Carlyle Chartism ii. 10 If life last longer..the general condition of the poor must be bettering instead of worsening. 1880 R. Broughton Second Thoughts II. iii. vi. 226 The weather has again changed and worsened. 1948 Times 11 Feb. 2/2 The weather worsened, the list increased, and the vessel pounded and shipped water. 1986 Sydney Morning Herald (Nexis) 10 Dec. 7 Delays in the clearance of air cargo and overseas air mail are expected to worsen today as Customs screeners..begin a 24-hour strike. 2015 Times of India 22 Nov. If their condition worsens I tell my father to take them to the vet. Derivatives ˈworsened adj. ΘΠ the mind > goodness and badness > badness or evil > worse > [adjective] werrarc1475 worser1495 decayeda1522 derogate1608 depraved1610 deteriorated1656 worserer1720 worsened1822 1822 Parl. Deb. 2nd Ser. 5 122 The picture of a worsened condition of the labourer, at a period when it suited the author's purpose so to describe it, is completed by a similar use of facts and history. 1875 A. J. Ellis tr. H. L. F. von Helmholtz On Sensations of Tone 783 Skhismic Intonation exaggerates the errors of the Thirds in Bosanquet's, of which it is simply a worsened form. 1933 R. B. Mowat Short Hist. Brit. Empire xxiv. 282 The policy of the Government, Mr. Scullin declared, was that everything which could be made in Australia should be made there. The result, however, only showed a worsened economic situation. 2005 J. Middleton World Monarchies & Dynasties 549/2 His legacy of neglect and profligacy left France in a worsened condition that ultimately led to revolution. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2017; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adj.1634v.a1250
随便看	dephosphorylate dephosphorylated dephosphorylates dephosphorylating dephosphorylation dephosphorylations dephysicalization dephysicalize depict depicted depicter depicters depicting depiction depictions depictive depictment depictor depictors depicts depicture depictured depicturement depictures depicturing

† worsenadj.

worsenv.

Derivatives