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单词 zen
释义

Zenn.adj.

Brit. /zɛn/, U.S. /zɛn/
Forms: 1700s Sen, 1800s Dzen, 1800s– Zen.
Origin: A borrowing from Japanese. Etymon: Japanese zen.
Etymology: < Japanese zen particular school of Buddhism which emphasizes meditation (c1335; more fully zenshū , lit. ‘meditation sect, Zen sect’ (c1335; 1603 as jenxû in Vocabulario da Lingoa de Iapam)), specific use of zen Buddhist meditation (early 10th cent.; < Middle Chinese; compare Chinese chán Chan n.).In quot. 1727 (with the form Sen) via German †Sen (a1716 in the passage translated; now written Zen, probably after English); initial s- is voiced in German.
A. n.
1. A Japanese school of Mahayana Buddhism emphasizing the value of meditation and personal awareness rather than ritual worship or study of scriptures; the discipline or practice of this. Also more fully Zen Buddhism. Cf. Chan n.Zen practice makes use of seated meditation (cf. zazen n.) as a means of experiencing insight and enlightenment (cf. satori n.).Originally introduced to Japan from China, Zen Buddhism became profoundly influential in Japanese life and culture from the 13th cent.Interest in Zen increased considerably in the West in the second half of the 20th cent., and in popular understanding its practice is associated particularly with a state of acceptance or inner calm: compare senses A. 2, A. 3, and see note at mindfulness n. 2.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > sect > non-Christian religions > Buddhism > Buddhist sects and groups > [noun] > Mahayana > Zen
Zen1727
1727 J. G. Scheuchzer tr. E. Kæmpfer Hist. Japan I. ii. v. 199 In the 1850 streets of this city, there were 1050 [families] of the Ten Dai's Religion,..11016 of Sen [Ger. Sen].
1833 Chinese Repository 2 323 There are now in Japan the following sects which are tolerated by government. 1. Zen... 5. Singon... Singon means to repeat true psalms.
1893 Daily Inter Ocean (Chicago) 27 Sept. (Illustr. Suppl.) 4/2 Japan, emerging from the civil wars of the two preceding dynasties, began a new art life under the influence of Zen-Buddhism.
1911 Encycl. Relig. & Ethics IV. 704/1 Meditation came to have more weight than the other two factors, until in China and Japan there arose a sect, the Zen..in which it is the most essential part of the entire teaching.
1947 Archit. Rev. 102 32/2 Taoism and nature mysticism, transmitted through the vehicle of Zen Buddhism.
1960 Spectator 15 July 101 What do they know about Zen—the programme-writer, the film-makers, the beatniks, the lot?
2015 Sunday Life (Belfast) (Nexis) 27 Dec. 24 An off-shoot of Zen Buddhism, the ancient art of mindfulness is used to promote good mental and physical health.
2. In Zen Buddhism: a state of insight and enlightenment. Also more generally: a state of calmness or serenity of mind, emotions, etc.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > sect > non-Christian religions > Buddhism > Buddhist sects and groups > [noun] > Mahayana > Zen > concepts in
sabi1932
Zen1934
koan1946
1934 D. T. Suzuki Introd. Zen Buddhism vii. 102 Hōyen..used to produce his own hand and ask his disciples, why it was called a hand? When we know the reason, there is satori and we have Zen.
1978 Philos. East & West 25 177 The fallacy is to think that one has to go somewhere to attain Zen.
1997 Monograph (Univ. Calif., Berkeley, Martial Arts Program) 3 132 By achieving one's personal potential through self-actualization, a person achieves Zen.
2016 Time Out London 12 Jan. 12/3 You awake on January 1 after a lavender-and-warm-milk-induced sleep, ready to take on the capital with your new found zen and an aromatherapy gift set.
3. In extended use: any activity, experience, attitude, or approach considered to embody qualities resembling or characteristic of Zen Buddhism, such as meditative calmness, serenity, self-reflection, etc. Cf. sense B.Frequently (often somewhat humorously) in titles of the form Zen and the art of —, chiefly modelled on R. M. Pirsig's 1974 book Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance (see quot. 1974), itself a play on the title of a 1948 German work Zen in der Kunst des Bogenschießens ( Zen in the Art of Archery) by Eugen Herrigel.
ΚΠ
1973 N.Y. Times 4 Feb. ii. d. 15/4 Presumably the idea is for the listener to saturate himself in the pure sound, concentrating, departing to other spheres, on a cloud of musical Zen.
1974 R. M. Pirsig (title) Zen and the art of motorcycle maintenance.
2003 Daily Tel. (Sydney) (Nexis) 13 June b12 The moment of footballing Zen, where time stops and you and the telly become one.
2004 Chicago Tribune (Midwest ed.) 11 July xiii. 2/4 Phil Jackson can volunteer to help those like myself who are vertically challenged, and chronicle the experiences in his book ‘Zen and the Art of Reaching Things on Real Tall Shelves’.
2012 Sunday Herald Sun (Melbourne) (Nexis) 8 Apr. 3 I don't know if it's musical Zen or something, but if you aim for the mark, you will miss it, but if you just feel it..you can get into the zone.
B. adj.
Reminiscent of Zen Buddhism. Also more generally: calm and relaxed; serene. Cf. sense A. 3.
ΚΠ
1962 Times 21 Nov. 26/3 I tried to rub one stick together to make a fire. This is very Zen—but not very Boy Scout.
1989 E. Gilchrist Light can be both Wave & Particle 152 Rhoda was curled up on the back seat using her raincoat for a pillow, trying to think zen thoughts and live the moment and seize the day and so forth.
2010 New Yorker 10 May 47/3 She was very zen and happy enough to be in my lap, but would crane her neck to look at me once in a while to see just what was up.

Compounds

C1.
a. General attributive, as Zen meditation, Zen monk, Zen sect, etc.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > sect > non-Christian religions > Buddhism > Buddhist sects and groups > [adjective] > Mahayana > Zen
Zen1872
1872 Cornhill Mag. Feb. 211 [He] was himself a priest of the Zen sect.
1894 Trans. Asiatic Soc. Japan 22 430 The Zen sects..are divided..into three divisions. The Rinzai..from 1168 A.D., the Sōtō from 1223 A.D. and the Obaku from 1650 A.D.
1921 A. Waley Nō Plays of Japan 21 The difficult term yūgen which occurs constantly..is derived from Zen literature.
1985 J. Randle & M. Watanabe Coping with Japan 103 The Zen monks introduced..the art of dry gardening with rocks and stones.
2016 Guardian (Nexis) 17 May The canon chancellor of the minster, who practises Zen meditation.
b. Instrumental and similative, as Zen-influenced, Zen-inspired, Zen-style, adjs.
ΚΠ
1955 Perspecta 3 12 (caption) Superb example of the Zen influenced simplicity of means combined with architectural perfection.
1960 B. Leach Potter in Japan x. 222 The meaning of ‘Mu’, or unattachment, deeply imbedded in Taoism, Buddhism and ever present in Zen-inspired arts and crafts.
1991 Atlantic Aug. 96/3 The dance sections..impel the Zen-style chorales into a realm more intense than passive relaxation.
2008 Atlantic Monthly Mar. 88/3 A Zen influenced harmony, and formal austerity.
C2.
Zen Buddhist adj. and n. (a) adj.of or relating to Zen Buddhism or its teachings; (b) n. a person who practises Zen Buddhism.Cf. Zennist adj. and n. at Derivatives, which is attested slightly earlier.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > sect > non-Christian religions > Buddhism > Buddhist sects and groups > [noun] > Mahayana > Zen > person
Zen master1907
Zen Buddhist1917
1917 J. G. Fletcher in Dial 11 Jan. 4/1 The artists who achieved this summit were trained in the Zen Buddhist doctrine.
1920 McClure's Mag. Dec. 61/1 With as much of the calm dignity of a Zen Buddhist as he is able to exhibit, he raises [the bowl]..and takes a large sip.
1923 Eastern Buddhist (Japan) 2 341 It remained for the Chinese Zen Buddhists to invent their own methods according to their own needs and insight.
1965 W. Swaan Japanese Lantern v. 58 The canons of Japanese aesthetic appreciations were formulated to a very large degree under the influence of Zen Buddhist philosophy.
2012 Star Beacon (Ashtabula, Ohio) 26 Dec. a4/5 Poetry causes us to be, in the Zen Buddhists' term, ‘mindful’.
2014 J. B. Ford Auto Process Therapy iv. 37 Breath counting is a standard practice in many forms of meditation and is often used in the Zen Buddhist practice of Zazen.
Zen garden n. (originally in Japan) an outdoor space in which natural materials (typically rocks and gravel or sand) are arranged in lines and patterns, creating a serene environment designed to assist meditation.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > garden > [noun] > other types of garden
grounda1500
knot-garden1519
back-garden1535
summer garden1589
spring garden1612
spring gardena1625
water gardena1626
walled gardena1631
wildernessa1644
window garden1649
botanic garden1662
Hanging Gardens1705
winter garden1736
cottage garden1765
Vauxhall1770
English garden1771
wall garden1780
chinampa1787
moat garden1826
gardenesque1832
sunk garden1835
roof garden1844
weedery1847
wild garden1852
rootery1855
beer-garden1863
Japanese garden1863
bog-garden1883
Italian garden1883
community garden1884
sink garden1894
trough garden1935
sand garden1936
Zen garden1937
hydroponicum1938
tub garden1974
rain garden1994
1937 L. E. Kuck One Hundred Kyoto Gardens Introd. 15 There is another type of temple courtyard garden, not so austere as the sanded Zen garden and ordinarily much smaller.
1960 H. Stewart Net of Fireflies 167 The most celebrated Zen garden in Japan..dates from 1469 and consists solely of a courtyard of raked white sand in which are asymmetrically disposed fifteen stones, in groups of five, three, and two.
2012 College Eng. 74 339 Some years ago I visited Ryoan-Ji, a Zen garden, in Kyoto.
Zen master n. an experienced or advanced practitioner of Zen Buddhism, esp. one who teaches or mentors others.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > sect > non-Christian religions > Buddhism > Buddhist sects and groups > [noun] > Mahayana > Zen > person
Zen master1907
Zen Buddhist1917
1907 Jrnl. Pali Text Soc. 1906–7 13 Each Zen master must be sanctioned and authorized by his predecessor.
1950 A. Huxley Themes & Variations 98 As the Zen Masters like paradoxically to put it, ‘Buddha never taught the saving truth.’
2015 J. Leck After Dark 18 She was sitting with her legs folded up like a Zen master.

Derivatives

ˈZen-like adj. reminiscent or characteristic of Zen Buddhism or its teachings; spec. meditative; calm, serene.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > calmness > [adjective]
eveneOE
still1340
unperturbeda1450
unmovedc1480
quietful1494
lowna1500
calma1568
calmya1586
unpassionatea1586
smartless1593
reposeful1594
dispassionate1595
recollected1595
unaffectedc1595
unpassioned?1605
unpassionated1611
collecteda1616
tranquila1616
untouched1616
impassionate1621
composed1628
dispassioneda1631
tranquillous1638
slow1639
serene1640
dispassionated1647
imperturbed1652
unruffled1654
reposing1655
equanimous1656
perplacid1660
placate1662
equal1680
collect1682
cooled1682
posed1693
sedate1693
impassive1699
uninflamed1714
unexcited1735
unalarmed1756
unfanned1764
unagitated1772
undistraught1773
recollected1792
equable1796
unfussy1823
take-it-easy1825
unflurried1854
cool1855
comfortable1856
disimpassioned1860
tremorless1869
unpressured1879
unrippled1883
ice-cool1891
unrattled1891
Zen-likea1908
unrestless1919
steadyish1924
ataractic1941
relaxed1958
nonplussed1960
loose1968
Zenned-out1968
downtempo1972
mellowed1977
de-stressed1999
a1908 E. F. Fenollosa Epochs Chinese & Japanese Art (1912) II. x. 7 [A] Zen-like recognition that something characteristic and structural in every organic and inorganic form is friendly to man.
1957 College Art Jrnl. 16 184 As for the examples of his ink work, are they not complete, finished poems? How Zen-like in essence.
1987 D. Brin Uplift War 620 She appeared an island of almost zenlike calm in the sea of nervous neo-chimpanzees.
2015 B. Beaty Twelve-cent Archie 63 His laconic attitude and his relaxed zen-like sense of being.
ˈZennist adj. and n. (also Zenist) (a) adj. of or relating to Zen Buddhism or its teachings; (b) n. a person who practises Zen Buddhism; a Zen Buddhist.
ΚΠ
1904 Philosopher Aug. 43 The Yamato poetry and the Bugaku music..are a source of delight to this present, as are likewise the somber Zenist symbolism and the No dances.
1911 Contemp. Rev. Sept. 401 Beauty, said the Zenists,..is always deeper hidden within than outwardly expressed.
1991 J. Whitlark Behind Great Wall vii. 145 The third meaning of absence is the aforementioned Zenist emptiness.
2001 Jrnl. Relig. & Health 40 432 The third and final Zennist that Stevens discusses..was a gentle, reclusive, guileless, and self-effacing teacher.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

Zenv.

Brit. /zɛn/, U.S. /zɛn/
Forms: also with lower-case initial.
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: Zen n.
Etymology: < Zen n. With to Zen out compare Zenned-out adj.
colloquial.
intransitive. to Zen out: to enter a state of meditative calmness or serenity of mind, emotions, etc.; to relax. Cf. Zen n. 2.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > calmness > become composed or calm [verb (intransitive)]
saughtelc1400
breathe1485
pacify1509
settle1591
compose1663
to breathe freely (also easy, easily)1695
tranquillize1748
cool1836
simmer down1842
calm1877
relax1907
to cool it1952
to Zen out1968
mellow1974
to take a chill pill1981
chillax1994
1968 I. Horovitz It's called Sugar Plum in First Season 104 ‘If you can't beat 'em, Zen out,’ that's what I always say.
1990 N. Collins Hard to Get (1992) 11 Internally wired but externally calm, I Zenned out as the world around me fell away.
2014 Herald Sun (Melbourne) (Nexis) 2 Feb. (Sunday Style Mag.) 27 Men Zenning out and limbering up, hatha style.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.adj.1727v.1968
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