worklessadj.n.

Brit.

/ˈwəːkləs/, U.S.

/ˈwərkləs/

Forms: see work n. and -less suffix.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: work n., -less suffix.

Etymology: < work n. + -less suffix. Compare Middle High German werclōs not occupied with work, idle (German †werklos not occupied with work, idle, (of faith) without works).

a. Not occupied with work; inactive, idle; characterized by inactivity or a lack of work. Now somewhat rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > lack of work > [adjective] > not working or unemployed > doing nothing or idle

idlec950

workless?a1450

gold-bricking1919

?a1450 (c1410) Dives & Pauper (Bodl. Th d.36) (1976) i. 151 [a1500 Hunterian Nedy] werkles [Hunterian continues men þat goon so gay & spendyn grete].

1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope v. ix. f. lxxxv What doo ye here, why are yow werkles.

1559 W. Bavand tr. J. Ferrarius Common Weale vi. v. f. 119 The ioyner muste haue bourdes, and the Glouer skinnes, without whiche, the tawyer also is workelesse.

1571 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Psalmes of Dauid with Comm. (lxxv. 8) i. f. 286^v/2 Wee imagin I wote not what manner of worklesse and ydle souereintie, as though he ruled not mankynd with his power and prouidence.

1629 C. Potter Serm. Consecr. B. Potter 77 These verball Doctors, these worklesse talkers.

a1684 R. Leighton Pract. Comm. 1st Epist. Peter (1694) II. 159 We are to give..an account of words, and if for idle..workless words, how much more of lying or biting words?

1820 Gentleman's Mag. Feb. 161/1 O'er the seventh [day] the workless tranquil calm..shall pour its sacred balm.

1881 ‘V. Lee’ Belcaro vii. 195 Inactive, with listless limbs and workless hands.

1918 A. P. Terhune Fortune xiii. 129 In a workless hour, late that afternoon, he began operations.

1992 D. Robins Tarnished Vision v. 42 On a sunny workless afternoon on the Parade, a group of youths are talking and laughing together.

b. Having no work to do; out of work, unemployed, redundant; characterized by unemployment. Also as n. (with the and plural agreement): unemployed people as a class.

ΘΠ

society > occupation and work > lack of work > [adjective] > not working or unemployed

servicelessc1450

unlabouredc1450

masterless1471

unwrought1550

unplaced1558

labourless1576

flag-fallen1609

unlabouring1619

disemployed1651

hireless1651

unengaged1654

unemployed1667

unworking1696

untoiling1748

workless1758

occupationless1822

placeless1828

out of work1833

non-working1841

unhired1852

jobless1862

out of (or in) collar1862

non-employed1876

spare1919

on the beach1923

in dry dock1927

off-the-job1950

on (also upon) the street(s)1980

unwaged1981

1758 Diss. Adulterated Bread ii. 24 The indigent workless Wretch, must equally, tho' without Emolument, have a regretted Share.

1848 Tait's Edinb. Mag. 15 356/1 The workless silence, wageless misery.

1887 Pall Mall Gaz. 22 Nov. 1/1 The bitter cold of the fireless room..will wring from the workless workers a still more piteous moan.

1887 Pall Mall Gaz. 7 Dec. 10/2 The Workless in the Country.

1892 B. Sala Famous People 18 The..workless weavers of the East-end.

1924 Times 18 Sept. 14/2 Workless and houseless in a land where more than a million other men are lacking work.

1948 G. W. Southgate Eng. Econ. Hist. (new ed.) xxviii. 272 Materials were to be purchased by the parochial authorities in order that employment might be given to the workless.

2002 Independent 23 Jan. (Neighbourhood Renewal section) 4 (headline) Understanding social problems in deprived neighbourhoods helps get workless people back into the labour market.

2. Theology. Of faith, esp. considered in relation to justification before God: not accompanied by good or moral acts. Cf. faith n. 5, work n. 1c. Now somewhat archaic.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > aspects of faith > [adjective] > without works

workless1532

1532 T. More Confut. Tyndale in Wks. 529/2 A manne maye..haue the righte faythe ydle and woorkelesse.

1653 T. Manton Pract. Comm. James ii. 14 The apostle calleth a workless faith a dead or lifeless faith.

1710 C. Mather Bonifacius 37 A Workless Faith is a Worthless Faith.

1839 Christian Reformer Jan. 31 How assuredly sinners shall, with all their workless faith, reap what they sow.

1885 J. Macpherson tr. J. F. Raebiger Encycl. Theol. II. 171 By the one side an independent value is claimed for faith without works, and by the other side no value is allowed to such workless faith.

1906 Christian Reg. (Boston) 30 Aug. 979/1 We should put all our money on the one who pulled at his own boot-straps as against the one that depended on the label of a workless faith.

2009 D. G. McCartney James iii. 168 His overarching purpose here is..to deny that a workless faith can save.

Derivatives

ˈworklessness n. the state or condition of being workless; unemployment.

ΘΠ

society > occupation and work > lack of work > [noun] > unemployment

disemployment1651

unwork1854

worklessness1881

unemploy1887

unemployment1888

out-of-workness1903

joblessness1911

1881 R. H. Newton Womanhood ii. 52 Worklessness plus wastefulness surely netting want.

1943 Jrnl. Educ. Sociol. 17 149 A man will suffer longer periods of worklessness..if the cause is old age than if the cause is unemployment or ill-health.

2007 J. Young Vertigo of Late Modernity vi. 105 Unemployment soared casting whole neighbourhoods into a limbo of poverty and worklessness.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2014; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	workless
释义	worklessadj.n. Brit. /ˈwəːkləs/, U.S. /ˈwərkləs/ Forms: see work n. and -less suffix. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: work n., -less suffix. Etymology: < work n. + -less suffix. Compare Middle High German werclōs not occupied with work, idle (German †werklos not occupied with work, idle, (of faith) without works). 1. a. Not occupied with work; inactive, idle; characterized by inactivity or a lack of work. Now somewhat rare. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > lack of work > [adjective] > not working or unemployed > doing nothing or idle idlec950 workless?a1450 gold-bricking1919 ?a1450 (c1410) Dives & Pauper (Bodl. Th d.36) (1976) i. 151 [a1500 Hunterian Nedy] werkles [Hunterian continues men þat goon so gay & spendyn grete]. 1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope v. ix. f. lxxxv What doo ye here, why are yow werkles. 1559 W. Bavand tr. J. Ferrarius Common Weale vi. v. f. 119 The ioyner muste haue bourdes, and the Glouer skinnes, without whiche, the tawyer also is workelesse. 1571 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Psalmes of Dauid with Comm. (lxxv. 8) i. f. 286^v/2 Wee imagin I wote not what manner of worklesse and ydle souereintie, as though he ruled not mankynd with his power and prouidence. 1629 C. Potter Serm. Consecr. B. Potter 77 These verball Doctors, these worklesse talkers. a1684 R. Leighton Pract. Comm. 1st Epist. Peter (1694) II. 159 We are to give..an account of words, and if for idle..workless words, how much more of lying or biting words? 1820 Gentleman's Mag. Feb. 161/1 O'er the seventh [day] the workless tranquil calm..shall pour its sacred balm. 1881 ‘V. Lee’ Belcaro vii. 195 Inactive, with listless limbs and workless hands. 1918 A. P. Terhune Fortune xiii. 129 In a workless hour, late that afternoon, he began operations. 1992 D. Robins Tarnished Vision v. 42 On a sunny workless afternoon on the Parade, a group of youths are talking and laughing together. b. Having no work to do; out of work, unemployed, redundant; characterized by unemployment. Also as n. (with the and plural agreement): unemployed people as a class. ΘΠ society > occupation and work > lack of work > [adjective] > not working or unemployed servicelessc1450 unlabouredc1450 masterless1471 unwrought1550 unplaced1558 labourless1576 flag-fallen1609 unlabouring1619 disemployed1651 hireless1651 unengaged1654 unemployed1667 unworking1696 untoiling1748 workless1758 occupationless1822 placeless1828 out of work1833 non-working1841 unhired1852 jobless1862 out of (or in) collar1862 non-employed1876 spare1919 on the beach1923 in dry dock1927 off-the-job1950 on (also upon) the street(s)1980 unwaged1981 1758 Diss. Adulterated Bread ii. 24 The indigent workless Wretch, must equally, tho' without Emolument, have a regretted Share. 1848 Tait's Edinb. Mag. 15 356/1 The workless silence, wageless misery. 1887 Pall Mall Gaz. 22 Nov. 1/1 The bitter cold of the fireless room..will wring from the workless workers a still more piteous moan. 1887 Pall Mall Gaz. 7 Dec. 10/2 The Workless in the Country. 1892 B. Sala Famous People 18 The..workless weavers of the East-end. 1924 Times 18 Sept. 14/2 Workless and houseless in a land where more than a million other men are lacking work. 1948 G. W. Southgate Eng. Econ. Hist. (new ed.) xxviii. 272 Materials were to be purchased by the parochial authorities in order that employment might be given to the workless. 2002 Independent 23 Jan. (Neighbourhood Renewal section) 4 (headline) Understanding social problems in deprived neighbourhoods helps get workless people back into the labour market. 2. Theology. Of faith, esp. considered in relation to justification before God: not accompanied by good or moral acts. Cf. faith n. 5, work n. 1c. Now somewhat archaic. ΘΚΠ society > faith > aspects of faith > [adjective] > without works workless1532 1532 T. More Confut. Tyndale in Wks. 529/2 A manne maye..haue the righte faythe ydle and woorkelesse. 1653 T. Manton Pract. Comm. James ii. 14 The apostle calleth a workless faith a dead or lifeless faith. 1710 C. Mather Bonifacius 37 A Workless Faith is a Worthless Faith. 1839 Christian Reformer Jan. 31 How assuredly sinners shall, with all their workless faith, reap what they sow. 1885 J. Macpherson tr. J. F. Raebiger Encycl. Theol. II. 171 By the one side an independent value is claimed for faith without works, and by the other side no value is allowed to such workless faith. 1906 Christian Reg. (Boston) 30 Aug. 979/1 We should put all our money on the one who pulled at his own boot-straps as against the one that depended on the label of a workless faith. 2009 D. G. McCartney James iii. 168 His overarching purpose here is..to deny that a workless faith can save. Derivatives ˈworklessness n. the state or condition of being workless; unemployment. ΘΠ society > occupation and work > lack of work > [noun] > unemployment disemployment1651 unwork1854 worklessness1881 unemploy1887 unemployment1888 out-of-workness1903 joblessness1911 1881 R. H. Newton Womanhood ii. 52 Worklessness plus wastefulness surely netting want. 1943 Jrnl. Educ. Sociol. 17 149 A man will suffer longer periods of worklessness..if the cause is old age than if the cause is unemployment or ill-health. 2007 J. Young Vertigo of Late Modernity vi. 105 Unemployment soared casting whole neighbourhoods into a limbo of poverty and worklessness. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2014; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adj.n.?a1450
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