withstandingn.

Etymology: < withstand v. + -ing suffix¹.Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: withˈstanding.

The action of withstand v.; opposition, resistance.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > [noun] > opposition or resistance

witherOE

wiþerstrencþc1175

withstanding1303

resistancea1325

gainstandinga1340

withsetting1340

resistencec1390

again-standingc1400

resisting1436

repugnance?a1439

gainstandc1470

disstandingc1485

against-standinga1500

repugnancya1500

resist1535

objection1543

reluctation1593

resistment1605

rebeck1609

reluctance1609

reluctancy1613

obluctation1615

redaction1621

resistencya1623

obstrigillation1623

resistal1631

resistancy1656

recalcitration1658

stemc1700

calcitration1867

push-back1984

1303 R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne 12049 Þy wyþ~stondyng haþ hym rafte Of hys temptyng alle þe crafte.

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 29 Wy [þ] stondinge, þet is hardnesse of herte.

a1400 K. Alis. (Laud) 2168 Stif wiþstondyng & wiȝth fleiȝeyng.

1493 Dives & Pauper (1496) iii. xiii. 148/2 They shall haue sotylte of bodye without ony withstandynge, for ther shal no thynge withstande them.

1525 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles II. vi. 6 b/1 The first went with ladders in to the dykes. They founde no withstandyng.

1650 J. Trapp Clavis to Bible (Deut. xii. 3) 102 Notwithstanding the withstandings of the rude rabble.

1696 J. Aubrey Miscellanies ii. 28 To make several withstandings against the Shock of Fortune.

1842 J. H. Newman Corr. (1917) 174 No one can tell how much there is in sympathy, over and above the influence one may have in withstanding.

Derivatives

withˈstanding adj. that withstands.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > [adjective] > resisting

rebel1340

resisting?a1425

repugnantc1443

rebela1450

resistentc1450

obstant1486

resistanta1513

reluctant1604

renitent1604

resistive1605

resistful1614

outstandingc1650

withstanding1711

unamenable1771

recalcitrating1870

1711 Ld. Shaftesbury Characteristicks III. Misc. i. ii. 15 The tumid Bladder.., bursts the withstanding Casements.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1928; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

† withstandingprep.conj.

Etymology: present participle of withstand v. used as a preposition (conjunction) in imitation of Old French obstant (que ). Compare notwithstanding prep., conj., adv., and n. (= French non obstant).

Obsolete.

Having regard to, on account of; seeing that.

ΚΠ

1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) xxvi. 566 Why dyde ye calle my fader of treyson, wythstandyng that men know well that he is one of the trueste knyghtes of the worlde?

1490 W. Caxton tr. Eneydos xvi. 65 Thynkyng in hymselfe to be in daunger of his persone..wythstandyng the inuectyue monycyons doon to hym.

a1492 W. Caxton tr. Vitas Patrum (1495) ii. f. clxxxvi^v/2 The marchaunt..wolde not by it withstandynge this that he knewe not how moche it myght well be worth.

a1500 Melusine 208 She was abasshed of the grete honour.., not that withstandyng she ansuerd in this manere.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1928; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	withstanding
释义	withstandingn. Etymology: < withstand v. + -ing suffix¹.Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: withˈstanding. The action of withstand v.; opposition, resistance. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > [noun] > opposition or resistance witherOE wiþerstrencþc1175 withstanding1303 resistancea1325 gainstandinga1340 withsetting1340 resistencec1390 again-standingc1400 resisting1436 repugnance?a1439 gainstandc1470 disstandingc1485 against-standinga1500 repugnancya1500 resist1535 objection1543 reluctation1593 resistment1605 rebeck1609 reluctance1609 reluctancy1613 obluctation1615 redaction1621 resistencya1623 obstrigillation1623 resistal1631 resistancy1656 recalcitration1658 stemc1700 calcitration1867 push-back1984 1303 R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne 12049 Þy wyþ~stondyng haþ hym rafte Of hys temptyng alle þe crafte. 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 29 Wy [þ] stondinge, þet is hardnesse of herte. a1400 K. Alis. (Laud) 2168 Stif wiþstondyng & wiȝth fleiȝeyng. 1493 Dives & Pauper (1496) iii. xiii. 148/2 They shall haue sotylte of bodye without ony withstandynge, for ther shal no thynge withstande them. 1525 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles II. vi. 6 b/1 The first went with ladders in to the dykes. They founde no withstandyng. 1650 J. Trapp Clavis to Bible (Deut. xii. 3) 102 Notwithstanding the withstandings of the rude rabble. 1696 J. Aubrey Miscellanies ii. 28 To make several withstandings against the Shock of Fortune. 1842 J. H. Newman Corr. (1917) 174 No one can tell how much there is in sympathy, over and above the influence one may have in withstanding. Derivatives withˈstanding adj. that withstands. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > [adjective] > resisting rebel1340 resisting?a1425 repugnantc1443 rebela1450 resistentc1450 obstant1486 resistanta1513 reluctant1604 renitent1604 resistive1605 resistful1614 outstandingc1650 withstanding1711 unamenable1771 recalcitrating1870 1711 Ld. Shaftesbury Characteristicks III. Misc. i. ii. 15 The tumid Bladder.., bursts the withstanding Casements. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1928; most recently modified version published online December 2021). † withstandingprep.conj. Etymology: present participle of withstand v. used as a preposition (conjunction) in imitation of Old French obstant (que ). Compare notwithstanding prep., conj., adv., and n. (= French non obstant). Obsolete. Having regard to, on account of; seeing that. ΚΠ 1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) xxvi. 566 Why dyde ye calle my fader of treyson, wythstandyng that men know well that he is one of the trueste knyghtes of the worlde? 1490 W. Caxton tr. Eneydos xvi. 65 Thynkyng in hymselfe to be in daunger of his persone..wythstandyng the inuectyue monycyons doon to hym. a1492 W. Caxton tr. Vitas Patrum (1495) ii. f. clxxxvi^v/2 The marchaunt..wolde not by it withstandynge this that he knewe not how moche it myght well be worth. a1500 Melusine 208 She was abasshed of the grete honour.., not that withstandyng she ansuerd in this manere. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1928; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1303prep.conj.1490
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