单词 | winder |
释义 | windern.1 A person or thing that winds, in various senses. I. Senses denoting persons. 1. One who turns or manages a winch or windlass, esp. at a mine; a windlass-man. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > workers with specific tools or equipment > [noun] > with winches or windlasses winder1747 windlass-man1851 1747 W. Hooson Miners Dict. sig. Kiijb Upon the Stoblade which the Winder stands to draw at, there is a Hole bored through, just below the Spindle. 1809 Ann. Reg. (1821) 867 The miners in the work, and the winders at the mouth of the pit. 1899 Edinb. Rev. Jan. 124 Coalowners cannot work their mines without hewers and winders. 2. An operative employed in winding wool, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture of thread or yarn > [noun] > winding > one who windster14.. winder1552 1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Wynder of thread or yarne. 1599 T. Moffett Silkewormes 69 What neede I count how many winders liue, How many twisters eke, and weauers thriue Vppon this trade? 1662 Act 14 Chas. II c. 15 §5 Whereas there is a necessity lying upon the Silke throwers to deliver to theire Winders or Doublers considerable quantities of silke. a1749 G. C. Deering Nottinghamia (1751) 72 Almost every Seamer, Sizer, and Winder, will have her Tea. 1818 Minutes of Evid. Committee Ribbon Weavers 7 in Parl. Papers (H.C. 134) IX. 5 What can a common winder earn?—Three shillings. What a quill winder?—Four shillings. 1828 T. Allen Hist. County York ii. 312 If they take away their work from carders and spinners, they return it them back ten-fold as winders, warpers, weavers. 1879 Cassell's Techn. Educator viii. 128/2 The winders, who put the silk, cotton, or thread on the bobbins. 3. One who winds a clock or other mechanism. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > [noun] > one who operates machine > who performs specific task feeder1676 winder1823 greaser1832 oiler1846 grease-man1898 oilman1902 pani-wallah1957 1823 Mrs. Smyth in J. A. Heraud Voy. & Mem. Midshipman (1837) viii. 128 William aspired sometime ago to the honour of winding up the chronometers, when Mr. Graves, the regular winder, happened to be absent. ?1881 Census Eng. & Wales: Instr. Clerks classifying Occupations & Ages (?1885) 46 Jobber and Winder (Clock). II. Senses denoting things. a. A tendril of a climbing plant. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > shoot, sprout, or branch > [noun] > tendril or twining shoot tenaclec1500 tendril1538 clasp1577 clasper1577 winder1577 capreol1578 taglet1578 twine1579 string1585 trail1597 tress1605 nervelet1648 cirrus1708 clavicle1725 twister1799 bine1808 1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry i. f. 33v The one sort [of Pease]..runneth vp vppon stickes, to whiche with little wynders he bindeth hym selfe. b. A twining plant. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by habit > [noun] > creeping, climbing, or spiring > creeping or climbing plant wind1538 clamberer1597 creeper1626 winder1626 climber1640 convolvula1675 vine1708 runner1731 parasite1813 groundling1822 twiner1830 scrambler1902 1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §536 Winders, and Creepers; As Iuy, Briony, Hops, Woodbine. 1675 N. Grew Compar. Anat. Trunks ii. vi. 72 The Wood of all Convolvula's or Winders. 5. An apparatus (of various kinds) for winding something, or upon which something is wound or coiled; e.g. a winch or windlass, or the crank or handle of one; a reel or spool, or a stick or strip of something serving as a substitute. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > lifting or hoisting equipment > [noun] > winch or capstan windas1293 wind1399 windlassc1400 fern1546 stow?1549 capstock1551 winch1577 draw-beam1585 wind-beam1585 winder1585 capstring1609 crab1627 guindall1628 gin1632 Jack1686 screw engine1688 twirl1688 moulineta1706 jack roll1708 wind-lifta1734 whim1738 stowce1747 whim-engine1759 macaroni gin1789 whimsy1789 winze1839 jack roller1843 wink1847 winding engine1858 fusee-windlass1874 come-along1891 1585 J. Higgins tr. Junius Nomenclator 300/2 Succula,..a winder or rather the ouerthwart barrel turned with leauers. 1657 T. Barker Barker's Delight (1659) 25 You must have your winder within two foot of the bottom to goe on your [salmon-]rod made in this manner, with a spring. 1678 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. iii. 37 The Winch, or Winder, or Handle, the Iron part is the Winder, the Wood the Handle. 1773 W. Emerson Princ. Mech. (ed. 3) 284 Winder, a winch or handle to wind about. 1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 369 The reel or winder being now withdrawn, the coil of paper is cut on both sides. 1843 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 6 213/2 Attached to the heads of these posts are a number of winders for stretching the wires. 6. A key for winding a jack, clock, or other mechanism. Also attributive in winder-hole n. the hole through which the key is passed in winding. ΘΚΠ the world > time > instruments for measuring time > clock > [noun] > part(s) of nut1428 peise1428 plumbc1450 Jack1498 clockwork1516 larum1542 Jack of the clockhouse1563 watch-wheel1568 work1570 plummeta1578 Jack of the clock1581 snail-cam1591 snail-work1591 pointer1596 quarter jack1604 mainspring1605 winder1606 notch-wheel1611 fusee1622 count-wheel1647 jack-wheel1647 frame1658 arbor1659 balance1660 fuse1674 hour-figure1675 stop1675 pallet1676 regulator1676 cock1678 movement1678 detent1688 savage1690 clock1696 pinwheel1696 starred wheel1696 swing-wheel1696 warning-wheel1696 watch1696 watch-part1696 hoop-wheel1704 hour-wheel1704 snail1714 step-wheel1714 tide-work1739 train1751 crutch1753 cannon pinion1764 rising board1769 remontoire1774 escapement1779 clock jack1784 locking plate1786 scapement1789 motion work1795 anchor escapement1798 scape1798 star-wheel1798 recoil escapement1800 recoiling pallet1801 recoiling scapement1801 cannon1802 hammer-tail1805 recoiling escapement1805 bottle jack1810 renovating spring1812 quarter-boy1815 pin tooth1817 solar wheel1819 impulse-teeth1825 pendulum wheel1825 pallet arbor1826 rewinder1826 rack hook1829 snail-wheel1831 quarter bell1832 tow1834 star pulley1836 watch train1838 clock train1843 raising-piece1843 wheelwork1843 gravity escapement1850 jumper1850 vertical escapement1850 time train1853 pin pallet1860 spade1862 dead well1867 stop-work1869 ringer1873 strike-or-silent1875 warning-piece1875 guard-pin1879 pendulum cock1881 warning-lever1881 beat-pin1883 fusee-piece1884 fusee-snail1884 shutter1884 tourbillion1884 tumbler1884 virgule1884 foliot1899 grasshopper1899 grasshopper escapement1899 trunk1899 pin lever1908 clock spring1933 society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > mechanism > [noun] > winding of > key for winding winder1606 the world > space > relative position > condition of being open or not closed > an opening or aperture > [noun] > hole into which a peg, pin, knob, etc., fits scaffold holec1568 pinhole1659 scaffolding hole1663 keyhole1703 keyway1835 winder-hole1840 knob hole1851 wall-box1875 1606 G. Chapman Gentleman Vsher iii. sig. Dv Euen as in that queint engine you haue seene, A little man in shreds stand at the winder. 1686 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Staffs. ix. 387 The coard i, that is wound round the wheel k, by a key or winder applyed to the Axis l. 1745 J. Swift Direct. to Servants 41 Always leave the Winder sticking on the Jack. 1840 R. H. Barham Look at Clock in Ingoldsby Legends 1st Ser. 60 The two little winder-holes turn'd into eyes. 1884 F. J. Britten Watch & Clockmakers' Handbk. (new ed.) 293 Clock keys are often spoken of as winders. 7. A winding step in a staircase: usually in plural, opposed to flyers (see flyer n. 4b). ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > stairs > [noun] > step > winding step winder?1677 newel-step1883 ?1677 S. Primatt City & Covntry Purchaser & Builder 66 Flyers and winders..are plain, and triangular Steps without any Landing place. 1808 P. Nicholson Carpenter's New Guide (ed. 2) Pl. 53 A dogleg Stair Case with Winders. 1823 P. Nicholson New Pract. Builder 185 When the treads of the steps diminish in breadth toward the well-hole, the steps are called winders. 1838 J. C. Loudon Suburban Gardener 45 The best staircases are those without winders. Compounds winder-up n. †(a) something that concludes an argument; (b) one who winds up a business. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > debate, disputation, argument > putting forward for discussion > [noun] > conclusion of argument come-off1641 winder-up1795 society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > non-manual worker > businessman > [noun] > one who winds up a business winder-up1795 1795 T. Paine Age of Reason ii. 78 The lying imposition of Isaiah to Ahaz..has been perverted, and made to serve as a winder-up. 1921 W. De Morgan Old Man's Youth xviii I heard the expression ‘men of straw’ used more than once by winders-up, or victims. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1926; most recently modified version published online December 2021). windern.2 1. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musician > instrumentalist > wind player > [noun] blowerc897 bretheman?a1400 wait1510 town wait1541 winder1611 tooter1620 wind-instrumentalist1869 windjammer1880 horn1945 1611 J. Florio Queen Anna's New World of Words Cornettáro, a Cornet-maker or winder. 1818 J. Keats Endymion i. 16 Winder of the horn, When snouted wild-boars routing tender corn Anger our huntsman. 2. a. Something that takes one's breath away; a blow that ‘knocks the wind’ out of one; a run, climb, or other exertion that puts one out of breath. colloquial. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > weariness or exhaustion > [noun] > that which wearies or exhausts stretch1791 overexertion1795 overwork1796 breather1802 trachle1823 winder1825 burster1851 1825 C. M. Westmacott Eng. Spy I. 158 I did give her [sc. a mare] a winder,..to be sure, only one day's hunting, though, a good hard run over Somerset range. 1828 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 24 212 Do you put it [sc. your hand] across your breast in case of an unexpected winder from your apparently peaceable acquaintance? 1861 C. Dickens Great Expectations I. v. 72 It was a run indeed now, and what Joe called, in the only two words he spoke all the time, ‘a Winder’. 1866 C. Brooke Ten Years Saráwak I. 246 We had to ascend a hill of 500 feet high... This was a winder. b. figurative †spec. a sentence of transportation for life (obsolete slang). ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > imprisonment > [noun] > transportation > term of > for life winder1819 1819 J. H. Vaux New Vocab. Flash Lang. in Mem. (1964) 279 A man transported for his natural life, is said..to have knap'd a winder. 1836 J. F. O'Connell Resid. Eleven Years New Holland 37 Previous convictions and character must have affected his sentence, as it was, in flash phraseology, a winder. 1913 D. H. Lawrence Sons & Lovers ix. 243 It's a winder when you have to pour your own tea out—an' nobody to grouse if you team it in your saucer and sup it up. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1926; most recently modified version published online September 2020). windern.3 rare. A winnower. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation of grain > [noun] > winnowing > winnower winnowsterc1325 winnowera1382 fanner?1518 vanner1552 winder?1570 dighter?1611 ?1570 T. Drant Two Serm. D vij b Mowers, threshers, winders and grinders. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1926; most recently modified version published online June 2019). windern.4 dialect. A widgeon. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > freshwater birds > order Anseriformes (geese, etc.) > subfamily Merginae (duck) > [noun] > member of genus Anas (miscellaneous) > anas penelope (Eurasian widgeon) wigeon1508 winder1542 atteal1600 smeath1622 smee1668 whistling duck1699 whima1705 white-face1709 poacher1888 1542 in Coll. Ordinances Royal Househ. (1790) 223 Item, Winders, the doz. 2 s. 4 d. 1668 W. Charleton Onomasticon Zoicon 100 Boscas..the whinder. 1672 Brasenose Coll. Oxf. Bills 23. 130 (MS.) Pulitz, 3 whinder 2 s. 9 d. 1719 in T. D'Urfey Wit & Mirth III. 322 But George he cut the Dragon up, as't had bin Duck or Winder. 1803–4 in Col. Hawker Diary (1893) II. 358 Windar (i.e. wigeon diver or dunbird). 1887 W. D. Parish & W. F. Shaw Dict. Kentish Dial. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1926; most recently modified version published online December 2021). windern.5 regional or nonstandard. = window n. Also in combinations. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > window or door > [noun] > window eyethirleOE eilthirlc1225 windowc1230 windown?a1289 fenesterc1290 fenestral1399 winnock1492 tresance1510 windore1542 lighta1586 wind-door1606 ventana1672 winder1683 glaze1699 mezzanine1731 1683 G. Meriton York-shire Dialogue in Pure Nat. Dial. 8 Nan steeke'th winder-board, and mack it darke. 1839 C. Dickens Nicholas Nickleby viii. 69 We go upon the practical mode of teaching, Nickleby;..W-i-n, win, d-e-r, der, winder, a casement. 1877 J. Hartley Halifax Clock Almanack 43 Sam made a grab at it, an it flew to th' winder-bottom. 1901 M. Franklin My Brilliant Career xxxii. 272 Lizer, shut the winder quick. 1935 D. L. Sayers Gaudy Night xvii. 372 Winderpane, we called 'im, along of the eyeglass, but meanin' no disrespect. 1976 Trans. Yorks. Dial. Soc. 14 37 Ah've just been cleeanin' t'winders. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1986; most recently modified version published online December 2021). winderv. Obsolete exc. dialect. 1. intransitive. To wither; to pine or waste away. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > wasting disease > have wasting disease [verb (intransitive)] dwinec1000 shrinkc1000 swindOE wastea1300 pinea1325 rot1340 tapishc1375 wastea1387 consume1495 decaya1538 winder1600 pule1607 moch1818 to run down1826 tabefy1891 1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. ii. xxiii. 58 Until at length his bodie also began to winder away in a consumption. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. vii. ii. 155. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > pressing, pressure, or squeezing > press or squeeze [verb (transitive)] > crush breakc900 to-bruisec1000 swatchea1300 to-gnidea1300 defoulc1300 to-crushc1300 thring13.. squatcha1325 to-squatc1325 oppressa1382 crush?a1400 thronga1400 dequassc1400 birzec1425 crazec1430 frayc1460 defroysse1480 to-quashc1480 croose1567 pletter1598 becrush1609 mortify1609 winder1610 crackle1611 quest1647 scrouge1755 grush1827 jam1832 roll1886 1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. ii. 154 By the fall of a towre [he] was crushed and whindred to death [L. compressus & comminutus]. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1926; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < |
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