withaladv.prep.

/wɪˈðɔːl/

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: with prep., all pron. and n.

Etymology: Originally a prepositional phrase with al(le (see with prep. and all pron. and n.); in the earliest instances predominantly northern; ultimately superseding the older mid alle (see mid prep.¹ 7b). The spelling withall continued till nearly 1800.

archaic.

A. adv.

a. Along with the rest; in addition; besides; moreover; likewise; as well. Often in the collocations and withal (so-and-so), and (so-and-so) withal. See also forthwithal adv.

ΚΠ

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 4203 He beoþ all ummbeshorenn þa. swa þwerrt ut wel wiþþ alle.

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 2997 Þatt godess gast iss soþfasst godd & all mahhtiȝ wiþþ alle.

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 2572 Ne nan ne beoþ..Þatt muȝhe..tredenn dun þe deofless mahht Swa summ ȝho tradd wiþþ alle.

1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 7012 Seint edward held at windelsore a uair feste wiþ alle.

13.. K. Horn (Harl.) 424 Ich am ybore þral, Þy fader fundlyng wiþ al.

c1330 (?c1300) Guy of Warwick (Auch.) l. 2984 Romiraunt com forþ snelle, A Sarrazin a strong wiþ elle.

1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. xi. 143 The constable of þat castel..Is a wys knyght with-alle.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 3491 He þat was rugh was rede wit-al.

1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) iv. l. 549 A bow he bair..And arrous als bath lang and scharpe with-all.

1528 T. More Dialogue Heresyes iii, in Wks. 224/1 Thereupon they burne up the booke and sometime the good manne withall.

1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes f. 35 Meryly spoken & nippyngly withall.

1611 Bible (King James) Acts xxv. 27 It seemeth to me vnreasonable, to send a prisoner, and not withall to signifie the crimes laid against him.

1643 Sir T. Browne Religio Medici (authorized ed.) ii. §2. 139 He that shall consider how many thousand severall words have beene..composed out of 24. Letters; withall how many hundred lines there are to be drawn in the fabrick of one man; shall [etc.] .

1671 J. Milton Paradise Regain'd iv. 128 I shall, thou say'st, expel A brutish monster: what if I withal Expel a Devil who first made him such?

a1790 B. Franklin Autobiogr. (1981) i. 8 When he play'd..& sung withal.., it was extreamly agreable to hear.

1808 W. Scott Marmion i. xxix. 50 Nor lord, nor knight, was there more tall, Or had a statelier step withal.

1837 R. Southey Let. to C. W. W. Wynn 24 May Withal I have not often read a book that interested me so much.

1883 D. C. Murray Hearts viii She..was so sweet and kind, and withal seemed..so dependent on him.

1897 M. Kingsley Trav. W. Afr. 266 Of such peculiar suppleness that you could wind it round anything,..and as strong withal as a hawser.

b. Contextually: ‘At the same time’; in spite of all; notwithstanding, nevertheless.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > qualification > [adverb] > however, nevertheless, notwithstanding

though-whetherc897

nathelesseOE

though971

whetherOE

yetOE

neverlOE

what for-thyc1175

nethelessa1200

never the latterc1225

algatec1230

in spite of (despite, maugre, etc.) one's teethc1230

nought for thatc1275

(all) for noughtc1325

(in) spite of one's nosec1325

alway1340

thoughless1340

ne'er the later (also latter)a1382

ne'er the lessa1382

neverlatera1382

neverthelessa1382

ne for-thia1400

neverlessa1400

not-againstandinga1400

nauthelessc1400

nouthelessc1400

algatesc1405

noughtwithstanding1422

netherless?a1425

notwithstanding1425

nethertheless1440

not gainstandingc1440

not the lessa1450

alwaysa1470

howbeit1470

never þe quedera1475

nought the lessc1480

what reck?a1513

nonetheless1533

howsomever1562

after all1590

in spite of spite1592

meantime1594

notwithstand1596

withal1596

in the meanwhile1597

meanwhile1597

howsoever1601

in (one's) spite?1615

however1623

in the meantime1631

non obstante1641

at the same time1679

with a non-obstante to1679

stilla1699

the same1782

all the same1803

quand même1825

still and all1829

anyhow1867

anyway1876

still and ona1894

all the samey1897

just the same1901

but1939

1596 T. Danett tr. P. de Commynes Hist. viii. v. 326 Yet is it verie troublesome for horsemen, bicause it is full of ditches like to Flaunders,..but withall it is much pleasanter.

1654 J. Bramhall Just Vindic. Church of Eng. vi. 124 St. Gregory..disliked the Law..but withall according to his duty published it.

1794 R. Southey Let. to G. C. Bedford 11 May They have shown me that happiness is attainable; but, withall, taught me by repeated disappointments never to build on so sandy a foundation.

1807 W. Wordsworth Poems I. 23 Modest, yet withal an Elf Bold, and lavish of thyself.

1859 J. Lang Wanderings in India 161 He confessed that his master was rather severe, but withal a very good man.

1880 Academy 23 Oct. 299/2 This..impressive, though withal faulty, work.

†c. Altogether, quite. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 80 Þis is anbichede word. an grim word wið alle þet ure lauerd seið as on grome & o scharn to totinde..ancres.

c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig. A.xi) (1887) 663 He let closy fur in metal quoynteliche wiþ alle.

a1400 Psalter (Vesp.) xxi. 27 in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 154 Looue lauerd þai sal with-al.

(a) = therewith adv. 2, 3.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > instrumentality > [adverb] > by which means or by means of which

wheremidc1160

wherebyc1200

wherethorough?c1225

wherewithc1230

wherewith1297

witha1300

wherethrough13..

whereof1340

withal1389

how1390

wherewithal1578

wherewithal1618

1389 in J. T. Smith & L. T. Smith Eng. Gilds (1870) 101 Ye Den schal gedren ye forseyde halpenys, and bywyht-al breed.

1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 83 Lok thou dele noght withal.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 12318 Iesus..bar it ham als in a ball, And present þan his moder wit-all.

c1400 Rule St. Benet (prose) 29/33 Yef any es tan wid-al.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) 1 Macc. iv. 44 He toke aduysement, what he might do withall.

1586 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. I. 319 A Philosopher..taking a lanterne and a candle lighted at midday..was demanded what he ment to do with all.

1605 A. Wotton Answere Popish Pamphlet 78 We are not ashamed of our small nomber: though the Papists twight vs with all, in comparison of their huge multitudes.

1657 R. Sanderson 14 Serm. Pref. §4 The Papists,..escaping in the mean while Scot-free, seldome or never meddled withall in any of their Sermons.

1833 E. B. Barrett tr. Æschylus Prometheus Bound in Prometheus & Misc. Poems 20 Didst thou come To look upon my griefs, and grieve withal?

(b) to begin withal: see with prep. 37e.

ΚΠ

1531 W. Tyndale Expos. 1 John v. (1538) 83 And to begynne wythall, they sayde Confiteor.

1553 J. Bradford Serm. Repentaunce sig. Biij^v I wyll (to begynne with all) shewe you what repentaunce is.

1590 C. Marlowe Tamburlaine: 2nd Pt. sig. K4^v Then haue at him to begin withall.

†b. I cannot do withal: I cannot help it.

ΚΠ

1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur x. xxii It was his owne desyre..and therfore I myghte not doo with alle for I haue done alle that I can and made them at accord.

3. Nautical. More or less; if anything.

ΚΠ

1900 Law Rep., Prob. & Adm. 39 The Dalmatia had been navigating up the Thames on the south side of the river withal.

B. prep.

1. Substituted for with prep. in postposition, esp. at the end of a relative clause or its equivalent or of a direct or indirect question, governing a relative (expressed or implied) or an interrogative; †occasionally = wherewithal adv. 2b.The relative may be either expressed (e.g. that..withal = with whom or which; as after such, etc.) or not expressed (frequently in the infinitive construction, e.g. a rod to be beaten withal = a rod with which to be beaten).The adverbs herewithal, therewithal, wherewithal, were modelled upon the earlier herewith, therewith, wherewith.

ΚΠ

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 6374 Bot tel yew of his suinc i sall, He drou þat fraward folk witall.

c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) xxvi. 122 Þai giffe a grete soume of monee for to bye oute þaire penaunce withall.

1477 Earl Rivers tr. Dictes or Sayengis Philosophhres (Caxton) (1877) lf. 7 Leste ye resemble him that seketh a rod to be betyn with all.

1517 in J. L. Glasscock Rec. St. Michaels, Bishop's Stortford (1882) 35 A skeyn to kefer w^t alle the same booke.

1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. cxlvi. 71 b/2 And we be so sore strayned that we haue nat to lyue withall.

1526 Bible (Tyndale) Matt. xvi. f. xxiij^v What shall a man geve to redeme hys soule agayne with all?

1531 in J. W. Clay Testamenta Eboracensia (1902) VI. 25 Suche tithes as I was behind withall.

1555 R. Pownall tr. W. Musculus Temporysour i. B vj b Yonder commeth he that I haue dyuers tymes desyred to talke withall.

a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) iii. ii. 303 Ros. Ile tel you who Time ambles withall, who Time trots withal,..and who he stands stil withall. Orl. I prethee, who doth he trot withal?

a1628 J. Preston Breast-plate of Faith (1630) 30 Whatsoever you part withall, you shall have a hundred fold in this life.

1665 in Extracts State Papers (Friends' Hist. Soc.) (1912) 3rd Ser. 236 P. J...tooke one Rebecah who he liues withall as his wife.

1700 Moxon's Mech. Exercises: Bricklayers-wks. 2 Which sort of Bricks, is commonly used..to Pave Yards or Stables withal.

a1774 O. Goldsmith Surv. Exper. Philos. (1776) I. 365 Though we took the best telescope to observe him withal.

1821 W. Scott Kenilworth I. iv. 87 But for hurting a man I have drunk my morning's draught withal, 'tis clean against my conscience.

1884 J. R. Lowell Democracy (1887) 6 Such eyes and ears as Nature had been pleased to endow me withal.

†2. In other cases, esp. with indirect passive. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1556 in E. Lodge Illustr. Brit. Hist. (1791) I. 215 Notwithstanding ther layt brags and doings, wherin they have ben somwhat met w^thall.

a1568 R. Ascham Scholemaster (1570) i. f. 11 Will in children, wiselie wrought withall, maie easelie be won.

1642 A. J. Tasman Jrnl. in Acct. Several Late Voy. (1694) i. 141 From that time they were better to be spoken withal.

1680 W. Allen Perswasive to Peace & Unity (ed. 2) Pref. p. xv If such were indulgently dealt withal and tolerated.

c1685 in Roxburghe Ballads (1891) VII. 477 Full six legs she travels withal.

1700 T. Brown Amusem. Serious & Comical iii. 28 The Devil's Broker..may be spoken withal every Sunday.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1928; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	withal
释义	withaladv.prep. /wɪˈðɔːl/ Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: with prep., all pron. and n. Etymology: Originally a prepositional phrase with al(le (see with prep. and all pron. and n.); in the earliest instances predominantly northern; ultimately superseding the older mid alle (see mid prep.¹ 7b). The spelling withall continued till nearly 1800. archaic. A. adv. 1. a. Along with the rest; in addition; besides; moreover; likewise; as well. Often in the collocations and withal (so-and-so), and (so-and-so) withal. See also forthwithal adv. ΚΠ c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 4203 He beoþ all ummbeshorenn þa. swa þwerrt ut wel wiþþ alle. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 2997 Þatt godess gast iss soþfasst godd & all mahhtiȝ wiþþ alle. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 2572 Ne nan ne beoþ..Þatt muȝhe..tredenn dun þe deofless mahht Swa summ ȝho tradd wiþþ alle. 1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 7012 Seint edward held at windelsore a uair feste wiþ alle. 13.. K. Horn (Harl.) 424 Ich am ybore þral, Þy fader fundlyng wiþ al. c1330 (?c1300) Guy of Warwick (Auch.) l. 2984 Romiraunt com forþ snelle, A Sarrazin a strong wiþ elle. 1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. xi. 143 The constable of þat castel..Is a wys knyght with-alle. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 3491 He þat was rugh was rede wit-al. 1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) iv. l. 549 A bow he bair..And arrous als bath lang and scharpe with-all. 1528 T. More Dialogue Heresyes iii, in Wks. 224/1 Thereupon they burne up the booke and sometime the good manne withall. 1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes f. 35 Meryly spoken & nippyngly withall. 1611 Bible (King James) Acts xxv. 27 It seemeth to me vnreasonable, to send a prisoner, and not withall to signifie the crimes laid against him. View more context for this quotation 1643 Sir T. Browne Religio Medici (authorized ed.) ii. §2. 139 He that shall consider how many thousand severall words have beene..composed out of 24. Letters; withall how many hundred lines there are to be drawn in the fabrick of one man; shall [etc.] . View more context for this quotation 1671 J. Milton Paradise Regain'd iv. 128 I shall, thou say'st, expel A brutish monster: what if I withal Expel a Devil who first made him such? View more context for this quotation a1790 B. Franklin Autobiogr. (1981) i. 8 When he play'd..& sung withal.., it was extreamly agreable to hear. 1808 W. Scott Marmion i. xxix. 50 Nor lord, nor knight, was there more tall, Or had a statelier step withal. 1837 R. Southey Let. to C. W. W. Wynn 24 May Withal I have not often read a book that interested me so much. 1883 D. C. Murray Hearts viii She..was so sweet and kind, and withal seemed..so dependent on him. 1897 M. Kingsley Trav. W. Afr. 266 Of such peculiar suppleness that you could wind it round anything,..and as strong withal as a hawser. b. Contextually: ‘At the same time’; in spite of all; notwithstanding, nevertheless. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > qualification > [adverb] > however, nevertheless, notwithstanding though-whetherc897 nathelesseOE though971 whetherOE yetOE neverlOE what for-thyc1175 nethelessa1200 never the latterc1225 algatec1230 in spite of (despite, maugre, etc.) one's teethc1230 nought for thatc1275 (all) for noughtc1325 (in) spite of one's nosec1325 alway1340 thoughless1340 ne'er the later (also latter)a1382 ne'er the lessa1382 neverlatera1382 neverthelessa1382 ne for-thia1400 neverlessa1400 not-againstandinga1400 nauthelessc1400 nouthelessc1400 algatesc1405 noughtwithstanding1422 netherless?a1425 notwithstanding1425 nethertheless1440 not gainstandingc1440 not the lessa1450 alwaysa1470 howbeit1470 never þe quedera1475 nought the lessc1480 what reck?a1513 nonetheless1533 howsomever1562 after all1590 in spite of spite1592 meantime1594 notwithstand1596 withal1596 in the meanwhile1597 meanwhile1597 howsoever1601 in (one's) spite?1615 however1623 in the meantime1631 non obstante1641 at the same time1679 with a non-obstante to1679 stilla1699 the same1782 all the same1803 quand même1825 still and all1829 anyhow1867 anyway1876 still and ona1894 all the samey1897 just the same1901 but1939 1596 T. Danett tr. P. de Commynes Hist. viii. v. 326 Yet is it verie troublesome for horsemen, bicause it is full of ditches like to Flaunders,..but withall it is much pleasanter. 1654 J. Bramhall Just Vindic. Church of Eng. vi. 124 St. Gregory..disliked the Law..but withall according to his duty published it. 1794 R. Southey Let. to G. C. Bedford 11 May They have shown me that happiness is attainable; but, withall, taught me by repeated disappointments never to build on so sandy a foundation. 1807 W. Wordsworth Poems I. 23 Modest, yet withal an Elf Bold, and lavish of thyself. 1859 J. Lang Wanderings in India 161 He confessed that his master was rather severe, but withal a very good man. 1880 Academy 23 Oct. 299/2 This..impressive, though withal faulty, work. †c. Altogether, quite. Obsolete. ΚΠ ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 80 Þis is anbichede word. an grim word wið alle þet ure lauerd seið as on grome & o scharn to totinde..ancres. c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig. A.xi) (1887) 663 He let closy fur in metal quoynteliche wiþ alle. a1400 Psalter (Vesp.) xxi. 27 in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 154 Looue lauerd þai sal with-al. 2. a. (a) = therewith adv. 2, 3. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > instrumentality > [adverb] > by which means or by means of which wheremidc1160 wherebyc1200 wherethorough?c1225 wherewithc1230 wherewith1297 witha1300 wherethrough13.. whereof1340 withal1389 how1390 wherewithal1578 wherewithal1618 1389 in J. T. Smith & L. T. Smith Eng. Gilds (1870) 101 Ye Den schal gedren ye forseyde halpenys, and bywyht-al breed. 1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 83 Lok thou dele noght withal. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 12318 Iesus..bar it ham als in a ball, And present þan his moder wit-all. c1400 Rule St. Benet (prose) 29/33 Yef any es tan wid-al. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) 1 Macc. iv. 44 He toke aduysement, what he might do withall. 1586 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. I. 319 A Philosopher..taking a lanterne and a candle lighted at midday..was demanded what he ment to do with all. 1605 A. Wotton Answere Popish Pamphlet 78 We are not ashamed of our small nomber: though the Papists twight vs with all, in comparison of their huge multitudes. 1657 R. Sanderson 14 Serm. Pref. §4 The Papists,..escaping in the mean while Scot-free, seldome or never meddled withall in any of their Sermons. 1833 E. B. Barrett tr. Æschylus Prometheus Bound in Prometheus & Misc. Poems 20 Didst thou come To look upon my griefs, and grieve withal? (b) to begin withal: see with prep. 37e. ΚΠ 1531 W. Tyndale Expos. 1 John v. (1538) 83 And to begynne wythall, they sayde Confiteor. 1553 J. Bradford Serm. Repentaunce sig. Biij^v I wyll (to begynne with all) shewe you what repentaunce is. 1590 C. Marlowe Tamburlaine: 2nd Pt. sig. K4^v Then haue at him to begin withall. †b. I cannot do withal: I cannot help it. ΚΠ 1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur x. xxii It was his owne desyre..and therfore I myghte not doo with alle for I haue done alle that I can and made them at accord. 3. Nautical. More or less; if anything. ΚΠ 1900 Law Rep., Prob. & Adm. 39 The Dalmatia had been navigating up the Thames on the south side of the river withal. B. prep. 1. Substituted for with prep. in postposition, esp. at the end of a relative clause or its equivalent or of a direct or indirect question, governing a relative (expressed or implied) or an interrogative; †occasionally = wherewithal adv. 2b.The relative may be either expressed (e.g. that..withal = with whom or which; as after such, etc.) or not expressed (frequently in the infinitive construction, e.g. a rod to be beaten withal = a rod with which to be beaten).The adverbs herewithal, therewithal, wherewithal, were modelled upon the earlier herewith, therewith, wherewith. ΚΠ a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 6374 Bot tel yew of his suinc i sall, He drou þat fraward folk witall. c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) xxvi. 122 Þai giffe a grete soume of monee for to bye oute þaire penaunce withall. 1477 Earl Rivers tr. Dictes or Sayengis Philosophhres (Caxton) (1877) lf. 7 Leste ye resemble him that seketh a rod to be betyn with all. 1517 in J. L. Glasscock Rec. St. Michaels, Bishop's Stortford (1882) 35 A skeyn to kefer w^t alle the same booke. 1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. cxlvi. 71 b/2 And we be so sore strayned that we haue nat to lyue withall. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Matt. xvi. f. xxiij^v What shall a man geve to redeme hys soule agayne with all? 1531 in J. W. Clay Testamenta Eboracensia (1902) VI. 25 Suche tithes as I was behind withall. 1555 R. Pownall tr. W. Musculus Temporysour i. B vj b Yonder commeth he that I haue dyuers tymes desyred to talke withall. a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) iii. ii. 303 Ros. Ile tel you who Time ambles withall, who Time trots withal,..and who he stands stil withall. Orl. I prethee, who doth he trot withal? View more context for this quotation a1628 J. Preston Breast-plate of Faith (1630) 30 Whatsoever you part withall, you shall have a hundred fold in this life. 1665 in Extracts State Papers (Friends' Hist. Soc.) (1912) 3rd Ser. 236 P. J...tooke one Rebecah who he liues withall as his wife. 1700 Moxon's Mech. Exercises: Bricklayers-wks. 2 Which sort of Bricks, is commonly used..to Pave Yards or Stables withal. a1774 O. Goldsmith Surv. Exper. Philos. (1776) I. 365 Though we took the best telescope to observe him withal. 1821 W. Scott Kenilworth I. iv. 87 But for hurting a man I have drunk my morning's draught withal, 'tis clean against my conscience. 1884 J. R. Lowell Democracy (1887) 6 Such eyes and ears as Nature had been pleased to endow me withal. †2. In other cases, esp. with indirect passive. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1556 in E. Lodge Illustr. Brit. Hist. (1791) I. 215 Notwithstanding ther layt brags and doings, wherin they have ben somwhat met w^thall. a1568 R. Ascham Scholemaster (1570) i. f. 11 Will in children, wiselie wrought withall, maie easelie be won. 1642 A. J. Tasman Jrnl. in Acct. Several Late Voy. (1694) i. 141 From that time they were better to be spoken withal. 1680 W. Allen Perswasive to Peace & Unity (ed. 2) Pref. p. xv If such were indulgently dealt withal and tolerated. c1685 in Roxburghe Ballads (1891) VII. 477 Full six legs she travels withal. 1700 T. Brown Amusem. Serious & Comical iii. 28 The Devil's Broker..may be spoken withal every Sunday. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1928; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < adv.prep.c1175
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