winv.¹

Brit.

/wɪn/, U.S.

/wɪn/

Forms: Past tense and participle won

/wʌn/. Forms: infinitive Old English–Middle English winnan, (Old English wynnan), Middle English winnen, (Orm.) -enn, Middle English–1500s wynne, (Middle English -en), Middle English–1600s winne, Middle English–1700s winn, (Middle English whyn, Scottish vyn(e), Middle English–1500s wine, wyne, wynn, wyn, (Middle English wenne), Middle English– win. β. (chiefly Scottish) Middle English, 1600s–1700s wone, 1500s–1800s won, 1600s wonne, 1800s wun. past tense Old English, Middle English wann, Old English–1600s (1700s–1800s dialect and archaic) wan, (Middle English whan(ne), Middle English–1500s wane, (Scottish van), Middle English–1600s wanne, (1500s Scottish vane). β. Old English. 2nd person singular wunne; plural Old English wunnon, Old English, Middle English wunnun, Middle English ( Orm.) -enn, Middle English wonne(n, Middle English -yn, Middle English wonen, wonyn; Middle English–1500s wunne, 1500s–1600s wun. γ. Old English wonn, Middle English–1600s wonne, (Middle English whonne), 1500s–1600s woon, Old English– won. δ. 1500s winned, 1600s wined. past participle Middle English wunnen, (Middle English Orm. -enn), Middle English wunne, Middle English (1500s Scottish) wun, (Middle English northern vun, 1500s Scottish wvne); Middle English (Middle English Scottish) woun, Middle English Scottish wown, ( woung). β.¹Middle English wonnun, (Scottish wonone, vonnyn, vonyng), Middle English wonnin, wonnene, wonnyn(e, wonen(e, wonyn(e, Middle English–1500s wonnen, Middle English wonun, (Scottish wonnyng). β.²Middle English iwonne, Middle English ywonne, Middle English ywon, Middle English ywone, ywonnen, e-wonne. β.³Middle English–1600s wonne, (1700s Scottish) wone, Middle English–1600s wonn, Middle English– won; 1500s–1600s woon(e, (1500s woonne). γ. Middle English–1600s wan, 1500s wanne. δ. ScottishMiddle English winin, ( wyn(n)ynge); 1500s winn, wyn, wyne, 1500s–1700s win, 1600s winne, wynn. (Cf. win adj.²) ε. 1500s wonde, 1600s wind.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Common Germanic strong verb: Old English winnan , (wann , wunnen ), also gewinnan i-win v. = Old Frisian winna to obtain, Old Saxon winnan to suffer, win, giwinnan to obtain, (Middle Low German, Middle Dutch winnen to till the ground, obtain, acquire), Old High German winnan (Middle High German winnen ) to be excited, rage, contend, exert oneself, also gawinnan to gain as by labour or exertion (Middle High German, German gewinnen ), Old Norse vinna to labour, bring about, gain (Swedish vinna , Danish vinde ), Gothic (ga)winnan to suffer: ulterior relations are uncertain; forms of cognate meaning are Gothic winno , winna , wunns suffering, Old High German winna conflict, Middle High German winne pain, Old Norse vinna labour; see also witherwin n. (Old English wiþerwinna , Old High German widarwinno ). The senses run parallel to a considerable extent with those of gain v.² and get v.

†1. intransitive. To work, labour (Old English); to strive, contend, fight. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > dissent > contention or strife > contend [verb (intransitive)]

winc888

fightc900

flitec900

wraxlec1000

wrestlea1200

cockc1225

conteckc1290

strivec1290

struta1300

topc1305

to have, hold, make, take strifec1374

stightlea1375

debatec1386

batea1400

strugglec1412

hurlc1440

ruffle1440

warc1460

warslea1500

pingle?a1513

contend1529

repugn1529

scruggle1530

sturtc1535

tuga1550

broilc1567

threap1572

yoke1581

bustle1585

bandy1594

tilt1595

combat1597

to go (also shake, try, wrestle) a fall1597

mutiny1597

militate1598

combatizec1600

scuffle1601

to run (or ride) a-tilt1608

wage1608

contesta1618

stickle1625

conflict1628

stickle1647

dispute1656

fence1665

contrast1672

scramble1696

to battle it1715

rug1832

grabble1835

buffet1839

tussle1862

pickeer1892

passage1895

tangle1928

c888 Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. xxxv. §4 Nis nan gesceaft þe tiohhie þæt hio scyle winnan wið hire scippendes willan.

c900 tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (1890) iv. iii. 264 He þy ma mid his hondum wonn & worhte þa þing, þe nydþearfleco wæron.

OE Beowulf 506 Eart þu se Beowulf, se þe wið Brecan wunne?

a1000 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 202/41 Pugnaui, ic wan.

a1122 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) ann. 685 Her ongan Ceadwala winnan æfter rice.

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 3488 Forr þatt menn sholldenn..winnenn swa to cumenn upp Till heofennrichess blisse.

c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 51 Ierusalem and babilonie beð two burȝes, and fliteð eure, and winneð bitwinen hem.

c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 187 Iob..wan wið þe þurse.

c1220 Bestiary 521 Til it cumeð ðe time Ðat storm stireð al ðe se, Ðanne sumer and winter winnen.

†2. transitive. To conquer, subdue, overcome, defeat, vanquish, ‘beat’. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > victory > make victorious [verb (transitive)] > conquer or overcome

overcomeeOE

shendc893

awinc1000

overwinOE

overheaveOE

to lay downa1225

mate?c1225

discomfitc1230

win1297

dauntc1300

cumber1303

scomfit1303

fenkc1320

to bear downc1330

confoundc1330

confusec1330

to do, put arrear1330

oversetc1330

vanquishc1330

conquerc1374

overthrowc1375

oppressc1380

outfighta1382

to put downa1382

discomfortc1384

threshc1384

vencuea1400

depressc1400

venque?1402

ding?a1425

cumrayc1425

to put to (also at, unto) the (also one's) worsec1425

to bring or put to (or unto) utterance1430

distrussc1430

supprisec1440

ascomfita1450

to do stress?c1450

victorya1470

to make (win) a conquest1477

convanquish1483

conquest1485

defeat1485

oversailc1485

conques1488

discomfish1488

fulyie1488

distress1489

overpress1489

cravent1490

utter?1533

to give (a person) the overthrow1536

debel1542

convince1548

foil1548

out-war1548

profligate1548

proflige?c1550

expugnate1568

expugn1570

victor1576

dismay1596

damnify1598

triumph1605

convict1607

overman1609

thrash1609

beat1611

debellate1611

import1624

to cut to (or in) pieces1632

maitrise1636

worst1636

forcea1641

outfight1650

outgeneral1767

to cut up1803

smash1813

slosh1890

ream1918

hammer1948

1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 136 Alle þes kinges were þo, ac bote on nov þer nis; Vor þe king of westsex alle þe oþere wan iwis.

c1330 (?c1300) Guy of Warwick (Auch.) l. 889 Wel mani kniȝtes Gij wan [c1475 Caius toke] þat day.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 14832 He has vs wonnen [ Fairf. wonnin] wit maistri.

c1400 Ragman Roll 168 in W. C. Hazlitt Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. (1864) I. 76 Or that ye be conqueryd and e-wonne.

1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur vii. xxiii. 250 He wanne me in playne bataille hande for hand.

c1475 (?c1425) Avowing of King Arthur (1984) l. 333 Þus hase he wonun Kay on werre.

c1480 (a1400) St. James Less 752 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 172 Quhene þat tytus Ierusalem had wonone.

1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xii. 47 He thoucht that he suld weill lichtly Vyn hym, and haf hym at his will.

1508 Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. dii Wourschipful wavane had wonnin him on weir.

1513 Life Henry V (1911) 108 He deliberated by proces of time to wynn them by hunger and thirst.

1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) I. 84 How that Reuthar..faucht with Cecelus..and wan him.

1577 T. Kendall tr. Politianus et al. Flowers of Epigrammes f. 38^v Here sensuall pleasure doeth assault to winne me by her might.

1611 T. Heywood Golden Age v. sig. K Creet thou hast wonne My thirty thousand Souldiers, and my Sonne.

figurative.1567 J. Maplet Greene Forest f. 1 But whiles it [sc. the adamant] is inuincible or can not be woonne that way [sc. by fire]: yet..with the..freshe bloud of the Goate, it breaketh..in sunder.1575 A. Fleming tr. Virgil Bucolikes vii. 22 Phillis loues the Hazils well,..The Myrtle shall them neuer wynne, nor Phoebus Bay trees tall.

(a) To be victorious in (a contest of any kind, as a battle, game, race, action at law, etc.). Also to win the field. (Cf. to win the victory at sense 6b)Formerly used with a wider range of object (e.g. conquest, exploit). to win the day: see day n. 13.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > victory > make victorious [verb (transitive)] > win (a victory or battle)

overcomec1275

getc1330

win1338

vanquisha1400

conquerc1475

conquest1485

obtain1530

import1598

gain1725

the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > make a success of [verb (transitive)] > win (any contest or prize)

win1338

vanquisha1400

to bear away?1506

obtain1530

conquer1676

gain1725

ice1908

to take out1977

1338 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 24 Tuo & tuenty batailes he wanne þe first ȝere.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 7793 Dauid had gin him batail kene; Wit godds grace þe feild he wan.

c1460 (?c1400) Tale of Beryn l. 1747 The meyne [sc. chessmen] were I-set vp; & gon to pley fast: Beryn wan the first, þe second, & þe þird.

1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) ii. iii. 38 The tonges of aduocates..must be had yf thou wylt wynne thy cause.

1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xi. (rubric) The battale of bannokburne, strykyne & vonyng be gud kyng robert the bruce.

c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) liii. 177 How kynge Iuoryn caused his doughter play at the chesse with Huon,..and how Huon wan the game.

c1590 C. Marlowe Faustus 1029 in Wks. (1910) 180 Howe they had wonne by prowesse such exploits.

1594 R. Carew tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne i. 22 Conquests he winned.

1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. i. ii. 3 The Aborigines and Trojanes wan indeed the field, but lost their Captaine Latinus.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) i. viii. 17 'Tis Ioane, not we, by whom the day is wonne .

a1650 D. Calderwood Hist. Kirk Scotl. (1843) II. 263 ‘Prove that, and wonne the plea!’ said Lethington.

1653 H. Holcroft tr. Procopius Persian Wars i. 22 in tr. Procopius Hist. Warres Justinian He wanne this battell.

1728 A. Ramsay Monk & Miller's Wife 233 His courage wan the day.

1781 W. Cowper Truth 13 He that would win the race must guide his horse Obedient to the customs of the course.

1836 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers (1837) vii. 70 Won the toss—first innings—seven o'clock, a.m.

1878 H. H. Gibbs Game of Ombre (ed. 2) 26 If either of the adversaries win the game.

1908 E. Fowler Between Trent & Ancholme 380 About that time, Waterloo was won.

(b) transferred in catchphrase to win the peace, to bring about the successful reconstruction of a country defeated in or severely damaged by a war; hence win-the-peace attributive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > amending > restoration > be or become restored [verb (intransitive)] > reconstruct a country damaged by war

win-the-peace1942

the world > action or operation > amending > restoration > [adjective] > relating to reconstruction > specifically of a country damaged by war

win-the-peace1942

1942 H. A. Wallace Cent. Common Man (1944) 10 As part of the effort to win the peace, I am hoping that what might be called the ‘ever normal granary principle’ can be established for a number of commodities on a world-wide scale.

1945 Daily Herald 31 Aug. 2/1 The nation, girding itself for a supreme win-the-peace endeavour, will derive high encouragement from this enterprise by the mining community.

1950 A. Huxley Themes & Variations 243 That the Russians have been ‘winning the peace’ is due..to the fact that they profess and teach, as absolutely true, a clear-cut philosophy of man and nature.

1962 Listener 8 Mar. 402/2 They have also tried to agree that nobody was going to win the peace, but nobody was going to lose it either.

b. Phrases. you can't win them all; you win some, you lose some, etc.

ΚΠ

1953 R. Chandler Long Good-bye (1954) xxiv. 122 Take it easy, Doc. You can't win them all.

1966 P. O'Donnell Sabre-tooth xiv. 189 You win a few, you lose a few, and it's no good getting sore.

1976 Times 23 Nov. 14/1 You look like being saddled with the uninspiring Willy... On the other hand, you seem to have got your way over Mrs. Thatcher's nominee... You win some, you lose some.

1979 K. M. Peyton Marion's Angels ix. 151 ‘It'll be all right,’ she said. ‘I daresay. You can't win them all.’

1984 Listener 1 Nov. 24/3 Academic friends..have found just one definite factual error... Ah, well; win some, lose some.

a. absol. or intransitive. To overcome one's adversary, opponent, or competitor; to be victorious, gain the victory (now chiefly in sports or games of skill); figurative to prevail.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > victory > be victorious [verb (intransitive)]

overcomea1200

win1297

conquerc1300

to bear, fang, have the flower (of)c1310

vanquish1382

to win one's shoesa1400

to win or achieve a checka1400

triumph1508

vince1530

import1600

victorize1641

beat1744

the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > succeed or be a success [verb (intransitive)] > win

win1297

obtain1441

to go away with it1489

triumph1508

to carry (also get, lose, win, etc.) the day1557

to bear it1602

carry1602

to carry away the bucklers1608

to carry one's point1654

to carry it off1828

to ring the bell1900

society > leisure > sport > winning, losing, or scoring > win, lose, or score [verb (intransitive)] > win

win1297

romp1869

to run out1869

account1928

1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 4688 Hii worrede norþward & wonne ver & ner.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Coll. Phys.) l. 20004 Werande on þe wrang þai wan.

c1400 26 Pol. Poems xxiv. 288 Haue mercie on me, let mercie wyn!

14.. J. Audelay Poems (Percy Soc.) Introd. p. ix Oure faders in Frawns had won beforne.

c1440 Alphabet of Tales cxviii. 83 How..ij men played at þe dyce, and when þe tane of þaim began to lose, he began to..flite with God for þat he wan nott.

1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xii. 373 In punȝeis is oft hapnyne Quhill for to vyne, and quhill to tyne.

1546 J. Heywood Dialogue Prouerbes Eng. Tongue i. v. sig. Bii He laugth that wynth.

1551 King Edward VI Jrnl. in Lit. Remains (1857) II. 312 I lost..at roundes, and wane at rovers.

1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 i. i. 132 The summe of all Is, that the King hath wonne .

1607 G. Markham Cavelarice vi. 15 Nor haue I seene anye horse winne, but I haue seene many Horses loose, which haue beene kept with such dyett.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. 126 Obstinately bent to win or dye.

1818 Ld. Byron Childe Harold: Canto IV cxl. 73 He is gone, Ere ceased the inhuman shout which hail'd the wretch who won.

1836 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers (1837) ii. 23 That [advice] which by-standers invariably give to the smallest boy in a street fight; namely, ‘Go in, and win’.

1842 Ld. Tennyson Godiva in Poems (new ed.) II. 113 The passions of her mind,..Made war upon each other for an hour, Till pity won.

1871 F. W. Farrar Witness of Hist. iii. 100 Yet, unaided by any, opposed by all, Christianity won.

1880 W. Day Racehorse in Training xviii. 169 If an owner runs two horses in a race, he has a right to declare with which of the two he will win.

1884 Manch. Examiner 21 May 4/7 The M.C.C. winning by an innings and four runs.

b. Phrases. you can't win, said (often in exasperation) to emphasize that whatever one does, it will be judged wrong or insufficient; you win, used to concede defeat in argument, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > failure or lack of success > unsuccessful [phrase] > success is not possible

you can't win1926

the world > action or operation > failure or lack of success > defeat or overthrow > loss or defeat [phrase] > concede defeat

you win1926

1926 J. Black (title) You can't win.

1943 N. Marsh Colour Scheme vi. 99 All right... You win. I apologize.

1962 Redbook Mar. 44/2 She says I should always be dignified in front of him. Next she hands me the garbage pail and says, ‘Take this out.’ You can't win, no matter which way you turn!

1976 P. Lively Stitch in Time v. 55 ‘You can't win,’ said Martin with sudden gloom, ‘when you're the eldest. Whatever you do, you shouldn't have because you're old enough to know better.’

1982 ‘S. Woods’ Enter Gentlewoman ii. iii. 113 ‘It's hardly fair to judge other people by one's own principles.’ ‘All right, you win.’

a. transitive. To subdue and take possession of; to seize, capture, take (a place). archaic (now associated with 6).Middle English phr. to win to or into one's hand or will.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > victory > make victorious [verb (transitive)] > capture or acquire by conquest

i-wina1000

wina1122

fang?c1200

catchc1275

conquer1297

geta1400

stealc1400

conquer1475

conquest1485

conques1488

evict1560

carry1579

intake1646

constrain1700

capture1796

a1122 Anglo-Saxon Chron. ann. 1070 (Laud) Hi wendon þæt hi sceoldon winnon eall þæt land.

c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 51 Þe king..bilai þe burh forte þat hit [= he it] wan.

1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 1033 Engelond aþ ibe mid strengþe iwonne.

1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 3859 King howel wiþ is poer wan sone peyto Al to king arthures wille.

1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 7878 Ar is fader wonne engelond.

a1300 Leg. Rood ii. 219 He ouercom is fon And..al is lond won.

13.. Coer de L. 1348 The toun of Acres he has wunne.

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1872) IV. 9 Whanne Alisaundre hadde i-wonne alle þe est londes.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 9202 In his time was þe Iuen land Wonnen [Fairf. wonnyn] into þe sarzins hand.

c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 1305 Nov he þe kyng has conquest & þe kyth wunnen.

c1425 Wyntoun Cron. xx. 36 Sic assawtis þare he maid That neire þe tovne he wonyn [v.r. wonnynge] hade.

c1425 Wyntoun Cron. clxx. 4816 Quhen þe wardane..of þat land Had wonnyn gret part till his hand.

c1425 Engl. Conquest Ireland (1896) lvii. 136 He come ynto Irland, & whan the lond.

1430–40 J. Lydgate tr. Bochas Fall of Princes ix. 2134 Whan the saide cite was first wonne.

c1440 Gesta Romanorum (Harl.) lvii. 240 Þey entrid into þe citee, & whonne hit.

1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur i. vii. 44 Arthur wan alle the north scotland.

1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) xi. l. 973 Schynnoun thai tuk at Wallace fyrst had woun [1570 winin].

1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) vii. l. 1007 Ramsay and Graym the Turat ȝet has wown.

1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry V f. xxxix^v He that will Fraunce wynne, muste with Scotlande firste begyn.

1556 in J. G. Nichols Chron. Grey Friars (1852) 21 Thys yere the towne dech was new cast... And the towne of Barwyke wanne.

1578 H. Wotton tr. J. Yver Courtlie Controuersie 145 As men say, the Towne wonne, the Castell yeeldeth.

1603 G. Owen Descr. Penbrokshire (1892) 47 A greate parte thereof was woon from them by the Englishmen.

1613 J. Saris Jrnl. in Voy. Japan (1900) 34 There land, which they had wone with there swordes.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis x, in tr. Virgil Wks. 512 On either Hand These fight to keep, and those to win the Land.

1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Iliad in Iliad & Odyssey I. iv. 495 Should the Greeks..win imperial Troy, The glory shall be his.

1836 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece III. xxv. 387 He advised that they should.. endeavour first to win Messana.

1871 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest IV. xviii. 155 In the eyes of William it was a means by which Exeter might be won.

b. To seize, capture, take as spoil; to catch (fish, a bird); to capture, take captive (a person). Obsolete except in euphemistic slang, to steal.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > taking > seizing > catching or capture > catch or capture [verb (transitive)]

i-lecchec1000

fang1016

hentOE

takeOE

alatchlOE

catchc1275

wina1300

to take ina1387

attain1393

geta1400

overhent?a1400

restay?a1400

seizea1400

tachec1400

arrest1481

carrya1500

collara1535

snap1568

overgo1581

surprise1592

nibble1608

incaptivate1611

nicka1640

cop1704

chop1726

nail1735

to give a person the foot1767

capture1796

hooka1800

sniba1801

net1803

nib1819

prehend1831

corral1860

rope1877

the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > steal [verb (transitive)]

pick?c1300

takec1300

fetch1377

bribec1405

usurpc1412

rapc1415

to rap and rendc1415

embezzle1495

lifta1529

pilfer1532

suffurate1542

convey?1545

mill1567

prig1567

strike1567

lag1573

shave1585

knave1601

twitch1607

cly1610

asport1621

pinch1632

snapa1639

nap1665

panyar1681

to carry off1684

to pick up1687

thievea1695

to gipsy away1696

bone1699

make1699

win1699

magg1762

snatch1766

to make off with1768

snavel1795

feck1809

shake1811

nail1819

geach1821

pull1821

to run off1821

smug1825

nick1826

abduct1831

swag1846

nobble1855

reef1859

snig1862

find1865

to pull off1865

cop1879

jump1879

slock1888

swipe1889

snag1895

rip1904

snitch1904

pole1906

glom1907

boost1912

hot-stuff1914

score1914

clifty1918

to knock off1919

snoop1924

heist1930

hoist1931

rabbit1943

to rip off1967

to have off1974

a1300 K. Horn (Harl.) 1144 Ȝef eny fyssh is þer inne Þer of þou shalt wynne.

1481 W. Caxton tr. Hist. Reynard Fox (1970) 8 That pudyng was myne; For I hadde wonne it by nyghte in a mylle.

1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) vii. 88 Schir thomas randale than..the kyngis baner van.

c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) cxlii. 527 A ryche shyp, the whiche was wonne vpon the sowdans men.

c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 4803 The souerain..deuidet Tho godes to his gomes..þat hom wan with woundes before And put hom in perell.

1567 Compend. Bk. Godly Songs (1897) 112 Lyke to ane bird taine in ane net,..Sa is our lyfe weill win away.

1578 J. Rolland Seuin Seages 1 Thay war sa repleit of all riches Win into weiris be martiall besynes.

1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 42 Nocht sa mekle fishe thay with nettis, as with skepis, or long kreilis, win with wickeris in the forme of a hose sa round wouen.

1628 O. Felltham Resolves: 2nd Cent. lxxii. sig. V7 The Spoyles he wanne from Cowards.

1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew To Win, to Steal.

1785 in F. Grose Classical Dict. Vulgar Tongue

1919 Athenæum 8 Aug. 727/2 Everyone will have heard of ‘strafing’ and also ‘souvenir’, the latter usually meaning anything stolen, or ‘won’.

†c. figurative. To reclaim (land) as for cultivation.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > reclamation > reclaim [verb (transitive)]

ina1387

reclaim1440

improve1523

win1531

mitigate1601

reform1607

stuba1650

regain1652

redeem1671

reduce1726

to bring to1814

to bring in1860

to break in1891

green1967

1531–2 Act 23 Hen. VIII c. 5 §1 Marsshe groundes..wonne and made profitable for the greate common welthe of this Realme.

1541 Reg. Mag. Sig. Scot. 554/1 To win and rife out the saidis landis with the Eisly hillis of the samin.

1573 T. Tusser Fiue Hundreth Points Good Husbandry (new ed.) f. 48^v The Fen & the quamere, so marrish be kinde, & are to be drayned, nowe wine [1577 wyne; later edd. win] to thy minde.

†d. Of the sea: To gain on (the land): cf. 10a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > flood or flooding > flood or overflow [verb (transitive)] > sea encroach on land

win1639

to gain on or upon1727

transgress1909

1639 G. Plattes Discov. Subterraneall Treasure xi. 52 The sea..perpetually winning land in one place, and losing in another.

e. Cards. (a) (figurative from 2) To be of higher value than, to ‘beat’ (another card, hand, or suit); also intransitive with of (cf. 10a); (b) to gain possession of, take (a trick).

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > play a card [verb (transitive)] > actions or tactics > take tricks or points

makea1572

win1680

slam1746

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > card or cards > [verb (transitive)] > be of higher value than

win1680

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > card or cards > [verb (intransitive)] > be of higher value than

win1778

1680 C. Cotton Compl. Gamester (ed. 2) vii. 71 He that can win five Tricks of the nine hath a sure Game.

1680 C. Cotton Compl. Gamester (ed. 2) x. 83 A Ten wins a Nine if not Trumps.

1778 Hoyle's Games Impr. 63 A..wins two Tricks... The first Hand wins of the second.

1892 ‘Cavendish’ Game of Bézique 4 The highest card of the suit led wins the trick... Trumps win other suits.

1910 W. Dalton ‘Saturday’ Bridge (rev. ed.) 41 This is an undoubted No Trump call for the dealer, although in itself it will not win many tricks.

6. To get, obtain, acquire; esp. to get as something profitable or desired; to gain, procure.

a. with concrete (material) object. Obsolete or archaic except in specific uses: see 7.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > acquisition > obtain or acquire [verb (transitive)]

wieldeOE

haveeOE

ofgoOE

oweOE

addlec1175

winc1175

avela1200

to come by ——a1225

covera1250

oughtc1275

reachc1275

hentc1300

purchasec1300

to come to ——c1330

getc1330

pickc1330

chevise1340

fang1340

umbracec1350

chacche1362

perceivea1382

accroacha1393

achievea1393

to come at ——a1393

areach1393

recovera1398

encroach?a1400

chevec1400

enquilec1400

obtainc1422

recurec1425

to take upc1425

acquirea1450

encheve1470

sortise1474

conques?a1500

tain1501

report1508

conquest1513

possess1526

compare1532

cough1550

coff1559

fall1568

reap1581

acquist1592

accrue1594

appurchasec1600

recoil1632

to get at ——1666

to come into ——1672

rise1754

net1765

to fall in for1788

to scare up1846

access1953

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 7890 & ȝiff ȝho wass summ wædle wif. Þatt lamb ne mihhte winnenn.

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 6111 & tuss þu mihht te weorelld þing Wiþþ godess lefe winnenn.

c1220 Bestiary 411 Ðe rauen is swiðe redi, Weneð ðat ȝe rotieð, And oðre fules hire fallen bi For to winnen fode.

c1290 Beket 1439 in S. Eng. Leg. 147 His men he broȝte In seruise heore mete to wynne þere.

1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. v. 237 Al þat I wikkedliche won seþþe I wit hade.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 4376 And leuere me es be pouer and lele, þan falsli to winne catele.

c1400 Gamelyn (Corpus MS.) 283 Thus wan Gamely þe Ram and þe Ryng.

1430 Reg. Mag. Sig. Scot. 38/2 The tanehalf of the sayd to be wonnyn fra the sayd Andro be the law.

c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 409 If y be riche and haue wunne more good than is necessarie to me.

1526 Bible (Tyndale) Luke ix. f. xc For what shall itt avauntage a man, to wyn the whole worlde, yff he loose hym silfe?

c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) xx. 136 The inglis men van neuyr na thing at ȝour handis.

1553 T. Becon Relikes of Rome (1563) 247 b Euery winning lefully wonnen in merchaundise.

1563 2nd Tome Homelyes Matrimony ⁋13 He tylleth it [sc. the ground], and so wynneth fruite thereof.

1616 T. Scot Philomythie sig. F5^v Till th'one his topsaile fairely doth aduance To win the wind.

1670 W. Walker Idiomatologia Anglo-Latina 549 I will win the horse, or lose the saddle.

1813 W. Scott Rokeby i. 17 Right English all, they rushed to blows, With nought to win, and all to lose.

1868 W. Morris Earthly Paradise ii. 556 A certain man Who from being poor great riches wan.

b. with abstract (immaterial) object, or gen.Still in regular current use in reference to something gained by merit or the like, as confidence, esteem, fame, favour, honour, love, praise, respect, etc.; also with consent, obedience, etc.; to win the (or a) victory, to be victorious (cf. 3); to win one's way, to make or find one's way, ‘get along’, succeed in getting somewhere (also figurative). In other connections ordinarily replaced by gain or obtain.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > acquisition > obtain or acquire [verb (transitive)] > as something desired or advantageous

findOE

winc1000

betellc1275

getc1330

reapa1350

craftc1350

attainc1374

achievea1393

embrace?c1475

conquer1477

consecute1536

gain1570

lucrify1570

compass1609

raise1611

lucrate1623

reconcile1665

engage1725

to pull off1860

c1000 Passio S. Marg. in Cockayne Narratiunculæ (1861) 49 Eadig eart þu..for þon þe þu wunne reste a oþ ende mid halgum fæmnum.

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) Ded. l. 313 To winnenn..Att crist soþ sawle berrhless.

1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 2769 Na mede in heven to wyn.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 20056 Þair beniscun þan bes not wan [Gött., Trin. Cambr. won].

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 17497 If we ne soth said, quat suld we win? For-soth nanoþer thing bot sin.

a1400 Coer de L. 1884 The galyes came unto the citie, And had nigh won entrie.

?a1400 Morte Arth. 22 How they whanne..wyrchippis many.

c1400 Rom. Rose 2316 In armes also if thou konne, Pursue to thou a name hast wonne.

1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur x. lix. 513 Whanne they wend best to haue wonne worship they loste hit.

c1480 (a1400) St. Andrew 560 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 79 Þat þu mycht..of þi cristis lawis blyne, þat þu mycht oure frendschepe vyne.

?a1500 Chester Pl. xii. 91 But ever he wynnes the victory.

1548 Hall's Vnion: Edward IV f. cciii^v To destroy the Realme, and wynne the hatred & malice of all the nacion.

1567 Compend. Bk. Godly Songs (1897) 59 He..spolȝeit Sathan, hell and sin, And heuinlie gloir to vs hes win.

1570 J. Dee in H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Elements Geom. Math. Præf. sig. ☞^v To wyn due and common credit.

a1586 Sir P. Sidney tr. Psalmes David (1823) xxxi. v O Lord, of thee, lett me still mercy wynne.

1617 F. Moryson Itinerary ii. 166 In defending this fort [they] woon great reputation by their valour.

c1620 A. Hume Of Orthogr. Britan Tongue (1870) i. vii. §8 He snapped me on this hand and he on that, that the doctour had mikle a doe to win me room for a syllogisme.

1757 T. Gray Ode I i. iii, in Odes 7 In gliding state she wins her easy way.

1796 R. Burns in J. Johnson Scots Musical Museum V. 418 Like Fortune's favors, tint as win.

1853 C. Dickens Bleak House xiii. 126 I am glad to have won your confidence.

1866 ‘G. Eliot’ Felix Holt I. i. 41 Winning small triumphs in bargains and personal economies.

1888 J. Bryce Amer. Commonw. II. lxxiii. 596 They failed to win obedience.

1910 A. Lang in Encycl. Brit. X. 135/1 Fairies naturally won their way into the poetry of the middle ages.

†c. absol. or intransitive: in early use esp. to get gain, make profit; spec. in Scottish legal use, in such phrases as able to tine or win, i.e. having means sufficient to aim at profit or risk loss. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > management of money > solvency > be solvent [verb (intransitive)]

able to tine or win1340

to have (also get) beforehand1526

to keep (also hold, etc.) one's head above water1608

to pay one's way1786

society > trade and finance > management of money > income, revenue, or profit > getting or making money > get or make money [verb (intransitive)] > make profit

win1340

to wind the penny1546

vantage1563

to turn a profit1843

to do well out of1857

1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 1457 Now we wyn, now we tyn.

1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. i. 153 Þauȝ ȝe ben trewe of tonge and treweliche winne, And eke as chast as a child.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 19574 To win wit-all he wend it bij.

c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Pardoner's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) Prol. l. 133 A moral tale yet I yow telle kan Which I am wont to perche for to wynne.

1414 26 Pol. Poems xiii. 155 Wiþ fiȝt ȝe wynne, wiþ trete ȝe lese.

1421 26 Pol. Poems xviii. 138 Byȝe no thyng to selle and wynne.

c1450 Godstow Reg. 159 To wyn or to lese.

1476 Acta Audit. (1839) 47/1 To defend þe said causs of Errour..with ful powere to tyne and wynne.

1609 J. Skene tr. Regiam Majestatem 53 Be his procuratour constitute be him, in his place, to tine or to wone in the cause.

1699 in Rec. Convent. Burghs Scot. (1880) IV. 281 Ane person that..can tin and win in all ther affairs.

7. In various specific uses.

†a. To beget: = get v. 25a. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > multiply or reproduce [verb (transitive)] > beget

sowc1250

getc1300

begeta1325

engenderc1330

conceivec1350

makea1382

wina1400

fathera1425

rutc1450

tread1594

sirea1616

engraff1864

a1400–50 Wars Alex. 587 Þe twa Þat I wan on myne oþire wyfe þat I wedd first.

c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 112 Hit weren not alle on wyuez sunez, wonen with on fader.

†b. To get for immediate use, procure; hence, contextually, to fetch, bring (cf. 14c). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > supply > provide or supply (something) [verb (transitive)] > make provision of

wina1375

achate1601

a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 2852 Þe werwolf went wiȝtly & whan hem mete & drink.

c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 617 I schal wynne yow, wyȝt, of water a lyttel.

1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) v. l. 865 The Scottis wan hors becaus thar awne couth faill.

c. To obtain (a woman) as a wife or ‘lady’ by action or effort of some kind: usually with implication of gaining her affection and consent (cf. 9).to win and wear: see wear v.¹ 8b.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > seeking marriage > seek in marriage [verb (transitive)] > gain as wife

winc1330

snap1842

c1330 (?a1300) Sir Tristrem (1886) l. 1913 Wiþ þine harp þou wonne hir þat tide.

c1374 G. Chaucer Anelida & Arcite 100 Ful mychell besynesse had he or þat he myght his lady wynne.

1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur viii. xxvi. 312 Sythen I am ladyles I wil wyn thy lady.

1578 J. Lyly Euphues f. 30^v After all his strife he [sc. Menelaus] wan but a Strumpet.

1639 J. Clarke Paroemiologia 40 Faint heart never won faire lady.

1668 C. Sedley Mulberry-garden iv. i. 49 There had been More hope of winning a Widow at her Husbands Funeral, then of any favour for her now.

1789 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) I. 491 And let us mind, faint heart ne'er wan A lady fair.

1850 Ld. Tennyson Princess (ed. 3) Prol. 12 Take Lilia, then, for heroine..; and be you The Prince to win her!

1885 ‘Mrs. Alexander’ Valerie's Fate v Valerie, will you let me try to win you?

d. To gain by effort or competition, as a prize or reward, or in gaming or betting, as a wager, etc. Also absol.to win one's †shoes, spurs: see shoe n. 2i, spur n.¹ 3a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > make a success of [verb (transitive)] > win (any contest or prize) > win (a prize, etc.)

to bear awayc1325

getc1330

winc1330

to go away with1489

to carry away1565

carry1570

to bear off?1615

to carry off1680

to take out1976

the mind > possession > acquisition > obtain or acquire [verb (transitive)] > obtain or acquire in a certain way > by care or effort > by effort or competition

winc1330

gain1548

to carry away1565

to run away with1822

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > betting > bet on [verb (transitive)] > win

winc1330

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > games of chance > gamble at a game [verb (transitive)] > win

winc1330

rake1839

c1330 (?a1300) Sir Tristrem (1886) l. 340 Tristrem wan þat day Of him an hundred pounde.

c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 449 Iasan..Whan þe Ram wyþ gilden flees.

a1400–50 Wars Alex. 818 Þis renke & his rounsy, þai reche vp a croune, As gome at has þe garland..Wonn.

1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) vii. 169 For to assaye our horses for to wynne the pryce that the kyng hath set vpon.

c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) liii. 180 As for the wager that I sholde wyn therby, I am content to relese it quyte.

c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 172 And wo this wethur shuld wyn bude wirke as I say.

c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) vi. 50 Iason van the goldin fleice.

1571 T. Fortescue tr. P. Mexia Foreste 65 Who so wonde [1576 wan] then the price.

1612 B. Jonson Alchemist i. i. sig. B3^v He would haue..a Familiar, To rifle with at horses, and winne cuppes.

1621 T. Granger Familiar Expos. Eccles. vii. 7. 166 Our first Parents for an apple lost Paradise, and woon hell.

1645 T. Vane Lost Sheepe 35 Haueing woone the prize in the Pythian games.

1704 J. Norris Ess. Ideal World II. xii. 484 A man would be ridiculous that should go to prove by mere reason, that such a one won the plate at a horse-race.

1836 C. Dickens Sketches by Boz 1st Ser. II. 10 Frank took dummy; and I won sixpence.

1848 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair lxiv. 584 Pupil of the Rev. Mr. Muff,..of whom she won large sums at écarté.

1885 Law Rep.: Weekly Notes 11 July 145/2 The defendant..having won on those bets received the winnings from the persons with whom he had betted.

e. To get by labour, to earn (now dialect); †to get as profit, to gain (obsolete). Also absol.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > management of money > income, revenue, or profit > getting or making money > get or make money [verb (transitive)] > earn

earneOE

fangOE

i-earnOE

winc1175

getc1300

betravail1393

to knock out1873

to pull downa1902

to knock down1929

pull1937

society > trade and finance > management of money > income, revenue, or profit > getting or making money > get or make money [verb (transitive)] > be profitable to > make in profit

winc1175

gain1530

advantage1557

lucre1570

superlucrate1652

cleara1719

realize1720

net1765

to clean up1831

mop1861

gross1884

to cash in1904

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 10175 Þeȝȝ [sc. publicans]..wunnenn mikell to þe king & mare till hemm sellfenn.

1340–70 Alex. & Dind. 450 Wiþ us schineþ euery schalk in schippus for to saile, For to winne on þe watur wordliche fode.

c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 713 He moste perche and wel affyle his tonge To wynne siluer.

1429 Rolls of Parl. IV. 360/2 Yai wil..receive for paiement..nobles,..ye which..yai leede..into oyer straunge Cuntrees, where hit is chaunged to yair encresce, and forged into oyer coygnes, so yat yai wynne in ye alay of ech noble xx d.

a1500 Ratis Raving 520 The gudis þat he has with his trew labore wynynge.

1530 in A. Macdonald & J. Dennistoun Misc. Maitland Club (1840) II. 103 Honest and laborius personis abill to wyne thar liffing.

1530 St. German's Secunde Dyaloge Doctour & Student xxxix. f. c^v If a preest haue wonne moche by sayenge of masse.

1623 J. Taylor New Discouery by Sea A 5 I am a Fisherman Who many yeares my liuing thus haue wan.

a1653 Z. Boyd Zion's Flowers (1855) 54 Win little and win oft..Makes merchands rich.

1724 A. Ramsay Tea-table Misc. (1733) I. 87 Wi' cauk and keel I'll win your bread.

1820 W. Scott tr. Noble Moringer in Edinb. Ann. Reg. 1816 9 ii. p. ccccxcviii Of him I held this little mill, which wins me living free.

1823 W. Scott Quentin Durward II. iv. 90 Every one wins his bread in this country.

1893 J. K. Snowden Tales Yorks. Wolds 188 Then Aw can win summat, cannot Aw?

f. To get, gather (crops or other produce); to gather in, harvest. Now dialect.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > harvesting > harvest (a crop) [verb (transitive)]

gatherc950

getc1250

harvestc1400

in?1407

win1487

ingatherc1575

crop1602

enda1616

to get in1699

to get up1764

secure1842

1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) x. 219 To vyn thair harvist.

1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) x. 193 Thai of the peill had vonnyn hay.

1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) x. 189 Syndri cornys that thai bair Woxe rype to wyn to mannys fude.

1491 in Acts Lords of Council Civil Causes (1839) I. 205/2 The cornez..sall be led and wonnyne..and stakkit.

15.. Battle of Otterburn i Yt fell abowght the Lamasse tyde, Whan husbondes wynnes ther haye.

1565 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1877) 1st Ser. I. 402 The cornis..ar nocht sa weill win as neid wer.

a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 30 [They] micht nocht saw nor wine thair cornis.

1683 J. Reid Scots Gard'ner (1907) 137 Peas..When ripe, you may easily win some for seed.

a1690 D. Monro Descr. W. Isles (1961) 87 The place quhair he wynis his peittis this zier thair he sawis his beir the next zeir.

a1791 F. Grose Olio (1792) 110 W. He is gone to the field to his workmen. C. Hey. W. Just so; to try to win his hay.

1834 R. Southey Doctor I. 81 If they had fine weather for winning their hay or shearing their corn, they thanked God for it.

1891 A. Lang Angling Sketches 101 On a hillside..the countryfolk were winning their hay.

g. To get or extract (coal, stone, or other mineral) from the mine, pit, or quarry; also, to sink a shaft or make an excavation so as to reach (a seam of coal or vein of ore) and prepare it for working, as by drainage, etc. (cf. 11). See also winning n.¹ 5.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > quarrying > quarry (stone, etc.) [verb (transitive)]

workOE

win1447

quarry1690

society > occupation and work > industry > mining > mine [verb (transitive)]

minea1398

win1447

to work out1545

broach1582

labour1897

society > occupation and work > industry > mining > mine [verb (transitive)] > obtain (metals, minerals, etc.) by mining

win1447

mine1781

exploit1868

society > occupation and work > industry > mining > mine [verb (transitive)] > excavate or sink a shaft or tunnel > in order to reach seam or vein

win1708

1447 in Reg. Mag. Sig. Scot. 1451 106/1 With lefe..for to wyn colis and stanis within the saide landis.

1456–70 in Acts Parl. Scotl. (1875) XII. 27/2 Becaus of his colys and fuell..to be woung in tyme of ȝeir.

1497 in T. Dickson Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1877) I. 380 The man that ȝeid to vesy to se gif he could wyn sclait.

1509 Reg. Privy Seal Scot. I. 284/1 Fredome to wyn and fyne lede ure within the ilis.

1614 in Cochran-Patrick Early Rec. Mining Scot. (1878) 163 The minerallis..to be wroght and wynn at the saidis mynes.

1630 in J. D. Marwick Extracts Rec. Burgh Glasgow (1876) I. 374 To won alsmony lymstanes in the lyme craig at the Channown mos as he can.

1648 Burgh Rec. Glasgow (1876) II. 132 Alsmanie stones to be..win as may serve the building of the midwall.

1648 Burgh Rec. Glasgow (1876) II. 151 To the end alse manie staines may be wind furthe therof as [etc.].

1708 J. C. Compl. Collier 1 in T. Nourse Mistery of Husbandry Discover'd (ed. 3) You tell me you have hopes to win a Colliery in my Grounds.

1725 Rep. MSS. Dk. Portland VI. (Hist. MSS. Comm. 1901) 106 When they have sunk it [sc. the pit] till they come at the bed of coals, they are then said to have won the colliery.

1789 J. Williams Nat. Hist. Mineral Kingdom I. 168 Coals are so far wasted near water carriage in the neighbourhood of Newcastle, that they are become already very difficult and expensive to winn.

1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 968 Of fitting or winning a coal-field.

1870 Law Rep.: Chancery Appeal Cases 5 111 I conceive that the coal is won when it is put in a state in which continuous working can go forward in the ordinary way.

1885 Law Times 79 153/2 The trustees..had power to win the minerals lying under their land.

1886 J. Barrowman Gloss. Sc. Mining Terms 73 A seam is said to be won when a pit is sunk, or a mine driven to it, and the pit or mine is said to win all to the rise of the level.

†h. To gain (ground) upon (of); to gain (time).

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > a suitable time or opportunity > untimeliness > delay or postponement > delay [verb (transitive)] > gain time

winc1460

c1460 (?c1400) Tale of Beryn l. 2384 Beryn..gan to turn a-side, on-to þe see stronde, And the cripill aftir, & wan oppon hym londe.

?1473 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Recuyell Hist. Troye (1894) I. lf. 114^v We muste nedes wynne vpon Amphitrion on this way a nyght and a day.

a1500 (?a1400) Sir Torrent of Portyngale (1887) l. 656 Thus erthe on hym he wane.

1577 R. Holinshed Hist. Eng. 131/1 in Chron. I They dayly wanne grounde vpon the Brytons.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) iii. iv. 109.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) ii. iv. 9 Your way is shorter,..you'le win two dayes vpon me.

1717 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad III. x. 409 Yet let him pass, and win a little Space.

†8. To regain, recover (something lost); hence, to make up for (loss, waste); to rescue, deliver; in religious use, to redeem: often with again. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > amending > put right [verb (transitive)] > put right (a wrong or loss)

winc1220

righta1275

astorec1300

addressa1325

reform1405

dressc1410

redressa1413

arightc1420

refound1497

richa1500

redub1531

repair1533

to make good1569

reducec1592

remend1592

to set up1610

to get up1688

the world > action or operation > safety > rescue or deliverance > rescue or deliver (from) [verb (transitive)]

areddec885

leeseOE

reddOE

winc1220

deliver?c1225

ridc1225

quita1250

betellc1275

casta1300

to cast outa1300

liverc1330

rescuec1330

wrechec1330

borrowc1350

to put out of ——c1350

to bring awaya1400

redea1400

wreakc1400

rescourec1425

rescousa1450

savec1480

relue1483

salue1484

redeem1488

recovera1500

redressa1500

eschewc1500

rescours1511

to pull (also snatch) out of the fire1526

recourse1533

withtakec1540

redeem1549

vindicate1568

retire1578

repair1591

reprieve1605

to bring off1609

the mind > possession > acquisition > obtain or acquire [verb (transitive)] > something lost

winc1220

society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > salvation, redemption > save, redeem [verb (transitive)]

aleseOE

abyeOE

buyc1175

washc1175

winc1220

salvea1225

savec1225

forbuyc1315

ransomc1350

signc1350

again-buya1382

forechoosea1400

gain-buy1435

redeemc1438

pre-elect1561

sa'1604

electa1617

unsina1631

the mind > possession > acquisition > obtain or acquire [verb (transitive)] > again or back

acovera1225

covera1300

gain-covera1300

to get againc1380

recovera1387

becoverc1400

recounsel?a1425

recurea1425

win1489

redeem1526

readept1537

rehave1541

recuperate1542

regain1548

reobtain1579

retire1584

reget1585

to get back1587

retrieve1589

reprise1590

reprocure1590

reattain1595

relieve1596

recompassc1604

reacquire1627

reacquist1635

recruit1656

c1220 Bestiary 768 Ful wel he taunede his luue to man Wan he ðurȝ holi spel him wan.

1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. v. 25 He bad wastors go worche what þei best couþe, And wynne þat þei wasteden [1377 B. v. 25 wynnen his wastyng].

c1380 in Pol. Poems (Rolls) I. 264 By God, that al this world wan.

c1400 Rule St. Benet (verse) 1306 How a hird-man A febil schepe warest & wane.

c1440 York Myst. xi. 405 Now ar we wonne fra waa, and saued oute of þe see.

1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) ii. 111 Throw hym I trow my land to wyn, Magre the Clyffurd and his kyn.

1530 Myroure Oure Ladye (Fawkes) (1873) ii. 253 Saye we endelesse thankes to god that hathe wonne vs ageyne.

a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1546) sig. F.vij The losse of the father by euyll children, is wonne by vertuouse sonnes in lawe.

1562 in F. J. Furnivall Child-marriages, Divorces, & Ratifications Diocese Chester (1897) 14 To wyne all the tenement together againe.

1567 Compend. Bk. Godly Songs (1897) 18 Giue thow thy self thy saull culd win, In vaine I deit for thy sin.

1567 Compend. Bk. Godly Songs (1897) 39 He was loste, and now is win.

1633 P. Fletcher Purple Island v. lxi. 62 Thus Orpheus wanne his lost Eurydice.

a. To overcome the unwillingness or indifference of; with various shades of meaning: to attract, allure, entice; to prevail upon, persuade, induce; to gain the affection or allegiance of; to bring over to one's side, party, or cause, to convert. Also absol. or intransitive (see also winning adj. 3).Some of the applications are now more usual with the constructions illustrated in b.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > motivation > attraction, allurement, or enticement > attract, allure, or entice [verb (transitive)]

teec888

tightc1000

drawc1175

tollc1220

till?c1225

ticec1275

bringc1300

entice1303

win1303

wina1340

tempt1340

misdrawa1382

wooa1387

lure1393

trainc1425

allurea1450

attract?a1475

lock1481

enlure1486

attice1490

allect1518

illect?1529

wind1538

disarm1553

call1564

troll1565

embait1567

alliciate1568

slock1594

enamour1600

court1602

inescate1602

fool1620

illure1638

magnetize1658

trepana1661

solicit1665

whistle1665

drill1669

inveigh1670

siren1690

allicit1724

wisea1810

come-hither1954

the mind > will > motivation > persuasion > persuade (a person) [verb (transitive)] > persuade or prevail upon

wina1340

persuadec1450

to prevail withc1450

prevail1466

train1549

overswaya1586

oppugn1596

overrulea1616

reach1637

to prevail upon1656

to gain upon1790

convince1958

a1340 R. Rolle Psalter vii. 2 Þe deuel þat sekis how he myght wynn mennys saule.

a1425 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Galba) l. 28000 If þou..wowid hir with wordes sleghe,..And þar-thurgh so has won hir will.

1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) ii. iv. 51 They wynne wyth yeftes the hertes of the goddes and of men.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Prov. xi. D A wyse man also wynneth mens soules.

1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde iii. i. f. 93^v Meanyng hereby too woonne the myndes of the other kynges.

1567 J. Jewel Def. Apol. Churche Eng. 417 The Embassadoure of so Noble a Common Wealthe, was soone, and easily, and willingly woonne.

1576 T. Fortescue tr. P. Mexia Foreste (ed. 2) 141 He wun the harts of the Citisens.

1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie iii. xix. 173 His wealth wan many friends.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Two Gentlemen of Verona (1623) iii. i. 89 Win her with gifts, if she respect not words.

1629 W. Mure True Crucifixe 592 Hee..With this soft speech..Doth wound, not wonne, the traytor's heart of stone.

1653 R. Austen Treat. Fruit-trees 33 The worst temper of minds are wonne.

1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 269 How far..a Graceful Mein, and Innocent Discourse, wins among more refined Christians.

1785 W. Cowper Task iv. 694 Slighted as it is,..the country wins me still.

1872 Ld. Tennyson Last Tournament in Gareth & Lynette 133 For courtesy wins woman all as well As valour may.

1874 H. W. Longfellow Hanging of Crane iii The ways that win, the arts that please.

1914 Tollinton Clement of Alex. I. vii. 236 The missionary goes to win and to save souls.

b. with adverb or prep. (away, over; from, to, etc.).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > motivation > attraction, allurement, or enticement > attract, allure, or entice [verb (transitive)]

teec888

tightc1000

drawc1175

tollc1220

till?c1225

ticec1275

bringc1300

entice1303

win1303

wina1340

tempt1340

misdrawa1382

wooa1387

lure1393

trainc1425

allurea1450

attract?a1475

lock1481

enlure1486

attice1490

allect1518

illect?1529

wind1538

disarm1553

call1564

troll1565

embait1567

alliciate1568

slock1594

enamour1600

court1602

inescate1602

fool1620

illure1638

magnetize1658

trepana1661

solicit1665

whistle1665

drill1669

inveigh1670

siren1690

allicit1724

wisea1810

come-hither1954

1303 R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne 6606 Ȝyf þou to drunkenes wldest hym wynne.

c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Physician's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 132 Þ^t he by slyghte This mayden to his purpos wynne myghte.

?c1450 in G. J. Aungier Hist. & Antiq. Syon Monastery (1840) 269 The presidente..in as moche as in her is..owethe to wynne al to God.

c1480 (a1400) St. Barnabas 128 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 252 Paule to þe treutht wonnyn was.

1542 N. Udall in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eminent Lit. Men (1843) 5 Thei have thereby woonne to goodnes innumerable persons.

1594 in A. Macdonald & J. Dennistoun Misc. Maitland Club (1833) I. 67 That the said ladie may be winn to God.

1603 S. Daniel Def. Ryme Pref., in Panegyrike sig. A2 To hold him from being wonne from vs.

1632 R. Sanderson 12 Serm. iv. 407 If our Inclinations cannot be wonne over to that course.

1637 G. Gillespie Dispute against Eng.-Popish Ceremonies iii. viii. 187 He is already winne to repentance.

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica i. iii. 11 The Priests of Elder time..winning their credulities unto the literall and downe-right adorement of Cats, Lizards, and Beetles.

1662 in Extracts State Papers (Friends' Hist. Soc.) (1911) 2nd Ser. 151 All the Acts of a most gracious Prince..can not winne them..from these..rebellious Courses.

1761 F. Sheridan Mem. Miss Sidney Bidulph II. 124 She has won me to her party.

1813 J. Austen Pride & Prejudice I. xi. 121 She could not win him, however, to any conversation.

1821 W. Scott Kenilworth II. xii. 311 She can sing and play o' the lute, would win the fish out o' the stream.

1882 J. H. Blunt Reformation Church of Eng. II. 205 To win her over to an ultramontane policy.

c. with to and infinitive. archaic.

ΚΠ

1540 J. Palsgrave tr. G. Gnapheus Comedye of Acolastus ii. ii. sig. Iiv^v How moch Philautus..hath wonne me holely..to be his.

1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 323 Thay conspyre, and winnis him with money quyetlie to putt doune the king.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Two Gentlemen of Verona (1623) iii. i. 67.

1640 T. Carew Poems 29 No teares, Celia, now shall win, My resolv'd heart, to returne.

1664 in F. P. Verney & M. M. Verney Mem. Verney Family 17th Cent. (1907) II. 210 So much fre kindnes as wold winn any creture to admier it.

1725 W. Broome in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey III. xii. 53 Unblest the man, whom music wins to stay Nigh the curst shore.

1812 J. Wilson Isle of Palms ii. 17 Gleam'st thou, as if delighted with the strain, And won by it the pious bark to keep In joy for ever?

10. intransitive with upon, on, †of.

†a. To gain an advantage over, get the better of; to gain or encroach upon; rarely, to overcome, subdue. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > mastery or superiority > have or gain mastery or superiority over [verb (transitive)]

overcomeeOE

forecomec1000

overwieldlOE

masterc1225

overmaistrie1340

overmatcha1375

overpassa1382

surmount1390

to have the fairer (of)c1400

maistriec1400

overmasterc1425

winc1440

overc1485

bestride1526

rixlec1540

overreach1555

control1567

overmate1567

govern1593

to give (a person) the lurch1598

get1600

to gain cope of1614

top1633

to fetch overa1640

down1641

to have the whip hand (of)1680

carberry1692

to cut down1713

to be more than a match for1762

outflank1773

outmaster1799

outgeneral1831

weather1834

best1839

fore-reach1845

to beat a person at his (also her, etc.) own game1849

scoop1850

euchrec1866

bemaster1871

negotiate1888

to do down1900

to get (someone) wetc1926

lick1946

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement over, across, through, or past > [verb (transitive)] > move beyond > encroach physically

winc1440

encroach1578

usurp1635

to usurp on or upona1658

to eat outa1716

infringe1769

c1440 Pallad. on Husb. iii. 4 As Luna gynneth wexe & wynne Vppon the nyght.

1590 in Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS: Var. Coll. (1907) IV. 284 Where the sea dailie wynnethe of the land againste this Towne.

1609 W. Shakespeare Sonnets lxiv. sig. E2 When I haue seene the hungry Ocean gaine Aduantage on the Kingdome of the shoare, And the firme soile win of the watry maine.

1613 J. Hayward Liues III. Normans 21 Henry..did many other times..inuade his Countrey; sometimes with purpose to winne vpon him, and sometimes to keepe him from winning vpon others.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) i. i. 218 The rabble..will in time Win vpon power.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) i. i. 122 So in our trifles I still winne of you.

1685 J. Dryden Threnodia Augustalis iv. 8 Thus, at half Ebb, a rowling Sea Returns and wins upon the shoar.

1754 J. Shebbeare Marriage Act II. xlv. 38 This young Gentleman used every Art..to win on the Resentment which the Baronet had entertained against him.

1791 A. Radcliffe Romance of Forest I. iv. 119 So much did passion win upon her judgement, by time and indulgence.

b. To gain influence over, to prevail with (often implying ‘to gain increasing influence over, to prevail more and more with’); to gain the favour or engage the affections of (esp. gradually or increasingly). Also with affection, esteem, regard, or the like as object.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > favour > win favour with [verb (transitive)]

court1590

demerit1597

win1616

to gain on or upon1640

the mind > emotion > love > loved one > gain the favour or engage the affections of [verb (intransitive)]

win1616

society > authority > power > influence > have influence [verb (intransitive)] > succeed in influencing

win1616

to work the oracle1823

1616 B. Jonson Poëtaster (rev. ed.) To Rdr., in Wks. I. 350 I at last..Thought, I would try, if shame could winne vpon 'hem.

a1640 J. Fletcher & P. Massinger Custome of Countrey ii. ii, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Aa4/1 The courage they exprest..And the contempt of death wan more upon me Then all they did.

a1665 K. Digby Private Mem. (1827) 205 Her excessive beauty and gracefulness did so win upon his senses.

1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones V. xiv. viii. 183 By the Force of the true Catholic Faith, St. Anthony won upon the Fishes.

1755 J. Shebbeare Lydia (1769) I. 438 The pleasing countenance of Lydia won on this woman's opinion.

1796 S. T. Coleridge Let. to T. Poole 24 Sept. Charles Lloyd wins upon me hourly.

1842 C. Dickens Amer. Notes II. x. 288 I never was so won upon, as by this class.

1884 R. W. Church Bacon vi. 124 He had won greatly on the confidence of the King.

†c. To prevail upon (to do something). Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1674 N. Fairfax Treat. Bulk & Selvedge 183 As some of the uppermost seat of Philosophers..have themselves thought, and wonne upon others to think so too.

1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 217 I was easily won upon to embark on the Scipio African.

1802 H. Martin Helen of Glenross II. 217 Who shall I win upon to aid me in my future views?

11.

a. transitive. To reach, attain, arrive at: = gain v.² 7; occasionally to get at, get hold of (an object); to overtake (a person); to be in time for, ‘catch’. archaic.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > aspects of travel > arrival > arrive at or reach [verb (transitive)]

to come toOE

reachOE

hita1075

ofreachlOE

catchc1330

latchc1330

recovera1375

getc1390

henta1393

win?1473

fetch1589

to fetch up1589

obtain1589

attainc1592

make1610

gaina1616

arrive1647

advene1684

strike1798

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement towards a thing, person, or position > reaching a point or place > reach (a point or place) [verb (transitive)]

areach1014

reachOE

ofreachlOE

overtakec1225

catchc1330

acomec1350

touchc1384

getc1390

to come at ——a1393

henta1393

overreacha1400

win?1473

aspire1581

obtain1589

attainc1592

make1610

gaina1616

acquire1665

advene1684

the world > movement > rate of motion > move at specific rate [verb (transitive)] > gain (ground) upon > catch up or overtake

betakea1000

oftakelOE

overtakec1225

ofgoc1300

under-get1390

attain1393

overget?a1400

overgoc1425

gaincopec1440

overhiec1440

overhalec1540

overcatch1570

overhent1590

win1596

to grow on or upon1603

catcha1616

to fetch up1622

to fetch of, upon1659

overhaul1793

to meet up with1837

to catch up1838

to get past1857

the world > time > a suitable time or opportunity > provide occasion or opportunity [verb (transitive)] > take an opportunity

findOE

employ?1473

sort1592

win1821

?1473 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Recuyell Hist. Troye (1894) I. lf. 105 Yf he had not wonne a roche vpon whiche he gate vp with grete payne.

a1500 R. Henryson tr. Æsop Fables: Fox, Wolf, & Cadger l. 2087 in Poems (1981) 80 Bot all for nocht, he wan his hoill that day.

1517 R. Torkington Oldest Diarie Englysshe Trav. (1884) 61 The wynde enforcyd So myche.., that our governor Saw it was not possible for to wyne the porte.

1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene vi. i. sig. Z6^v But Calidore did follow him so fast, That euen in the Porch he him did win .

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Pastorals viii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 37 Then scarce the bending Branches I cou'd win [L. Iam fragilis poteram ab terra contingere ramos].

1768 A. Ross Fortunate Shepherdess i. 58 Yet wi' what pith she had, she takes the gate, An' wan the burn.

1808 W. Scott Marmion iii. i. 134 The stony path began, By which the naked peak they wan.

1821 J. Hodgson in J. Raine Mem. J. Hodgson (1857) I. 339 Having got your letter late in the day, I am compelled to be brief to win the post.

1842 T. B. Macaulay Horatius in Lays Anc. Rome 57 And if they once may win the bridge, What hope to save the town?

1848 D. G. Rossetti Last Confession in Poems 253 As when a bird flies low Between the water and the willow-leaves, And the shade quivers till he wins the light.

1892 H. R. Haggard Nada the Lily xxv The Halakazi were worsted in the field, but many lived to win the great cave.

†b. To get across, to cross; to get through, accomplish. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement over, across, through, or past > [verb (transitive)] > through or over obstacles

win1426

take1487

oversetc1540

strain1761

the world > action or operation > completing > complete (an action or piece of work) [verb (transitive)]

to make an endc893

afilleOE

endc975

fullOE

full-doOE

full-workOE

fullendOE

fullfremeOE

full-forthlOE

fillc1175

fulfilc1300

complec1315

asum1340

full-make1340

performa1382

finisha1400

accomplishc1405

cheve1426

upwindc1440

perfurnish?c1450

sumc1450

perimplish1468

explete?a1475

fullcome1477

consume1483

consomme1489

perimplenish1499

perfect1512

perfinish1523

complete1530

consummate1530

do1549

to run out1553

perfectionate1570

win1573

outwork1590

to bring about1598

exedifya1617

to do up1654

ratifyc1720

ultimate1849

terminate1857

1426 J. Lydgate tr. G. de Guileville Pilgrimage Life Man 903 To chyldre that be yonge of age, And offter han thys ryver wonne Than folk that ben on age ronne.

1573 T. Tusser Fiue Hundreth Points Good Husbandry (new ed.) f. 43^v Thry fallowing wonne, get compassing donne.

1597 A. Montgomerie Cherrie & Slae 631 Bot gif we get our voyage won.

12.

(a) intransitive. To make or find one's way; also in weakened sense, to arrive at or come to some place, etc.; in early use often a mere synonym of ‘come’ or ‘go’: = get v. 26b. With various prepositions and adverbs, sometimes in specialized senses: cf. corresponding uses of get s.v. get v. Phrasal verbs 2, Phrasal verbs 1. Formerly chiefly Scottish and northern dialect.This use depends on that of Old Norse vinna.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > aspects of travel > arrival > arrive [verb (intransitive)]

to come toOE

comeOE

yworthOE

lend11..

lightc1225

overtakec1225

redea1275

wina1300

'rivec1300

repaira1325

applyc1384

to come ina1399

arrivec1400

attainc1400

alightc1405

to come to handc1450

unto-comec1450

apport1578

to get through1589

reach1591

to be along1597

land1679

engage1686

to get in1863

to breeze in1930

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement towards a thing, person, or position > reaching a point or place > reach a point or place [verb (intransitive)] > arrive

comeOE

to come to townOE

yworthOE

lend11..

lightc1225

to come anovenonc1275

wina1300

'rivec1300

repaira1325

applyc1384

to come ina1399

rede?a1400

arrivec1400

attainc1400

alightc1405

to come to handc1450

unto-comec1450

apport1578

to be along1597

to drop in1609

to come ona1635

to walk in1656

land1679

engage1686

to come along1734

to get in1863

to turn up1870

to fall in1900

to lob1916

to roll up1920

to breeze in1930

to rock up1975

a1300 Cursor Mundi 996 A firin wall þar es a-bute, Mai nan win in þat es wit-oute.

a1300 Cursor Mundi 2499 Þe fiue gaue bak to wine a-way.

c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 8457 Vneþes to Gloucestre y wan.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 10592 Quils þai locked þam biside Sco was won to þe heist stride.

a1400–50 Wars Alex. 3438 Sen I wan in-to þe werld.

c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 461 Neuermore þen þay wyste fram queþen he watȝ wonnen.

c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 1777 Þay..Lyfte laddres..& vpon lofte wonen.

c1450 Cov. Myst., Purification 43 To jherusalem ffast now wynne.

a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sloane) (1862) 19 And cover hit þat no hete oute wynne.

1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xv. 221 Thai..slow all that thai mycht to vyn.

1508 W. Kennedy Flyting (Chepman & Myllar) in Poems W. Dunbar (1998) I. 214 Thou may not pas Mount Barnard for wilde bestis, Nor wyn throu Mount Scarpre for the snawe.

c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 649 Bes wakond and warly; wyn to my chamber.

1541 T. Wyatt Declar. in K. Muir Life & Lett. (1963) 182 This mythought was so gladsome vnto me to wyne to the kinge..that all my pollyces..was cleane forgotten with me.

1572 (a1500) Taill of Rauf Coilȝear (1882) 627 Say thow art not worthy to Wymond to win.

1585 Reg. Privy Council Scott. 1st Ser. III. 743 He at last wan to his said hous.

1643 in Z. Boyd Zion's Flowers (1855) App. p. xli/2 That none win to the Sessions loft till the Sessioners be placed.

1652 Earl of Monmouth tr. G. Bentivoglio Hist. Relations Flanders 10 Full of channels and rivers, and very hard to be wonn into.

1717 R. Wodrow Corr. (1843) II. 262 I hope to win off beginning of next week.

1724 E. Erskine Serm. in Wks. (1791) 120 Christ is in heaven, how shall I win at him?

1813 Ld. Byron Bride Abydos ii. xxv. 551 Had Selim won..To where the strand and billows met.

1816 W. Scott Antiquary I. xv. 335 And how am I to win hame?

1816 W. Scott Old Mortality xi, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. IV. 248 Whiles the tear wan into my e'e.

1829 J. Hogg Shepherd's Cal. I. i. 3 I canna won sae weel through the snaw.

1865 G. MacDonald Alec Forbes I. xii. 90 Whan I was na bigger than you, Annie, I could win oot at a less hole than that.

1892 R. Kipling Barrack-room Ballads 23 The Colonel's son to the Fort has won.

1893 R. L. Stevenson Catriona xv. 174 When we won in by the pier.

1923 E. Thompson Hist. Eng. xlvi. 437 The Germans never won through to the Channel ports.

(b) to win up: to get up; to get up on one's feet, to rise; to get on horseback, mount. So to win upon.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > transport > riding on horse (or other animal) > ride (a horse or other animal) [verb (transitive)] > mount (a horse or other animal)

to win upona1400

worthc1400

takea1438

mountc1540

to get upon ——1561

to get on ——1572

back1594

the world > space > relative position > posture > action of standing up or rising > rise or be standing [verb (intransitive)] > rise

arisec1000

astandOE

standOE

to stand upOE

risec1175

runge?c1225

uprisea1300

upstanda1300

buskc1390

to fare upa1400

to get upa1400

to win upona1400

dress1490

upget1582

up1635

raise1884

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 15760 Þai fell þaim don vn-to þe grund,..all vp þai siþen wan.

1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) x. 435 His menȝhe all War wonnyn vp apon the wall.

a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xxiii. 290 And wyn apon youre palfray sone.

c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 1165 Iason..and Ioly knightes moo,..Wonen vp wynly vppon wale horses.

c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 13938 Whan he wackont of wo, he wan vpo fote.

c1802 Jellen Grame in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1886) II. iv. 303/2 ‘Win up, my bonny boy,’ he says, ‘As quick as e'er you may.’

1868 W. Morris Earthly Paradise Prol. 41 And now we set ourselves in haste to win Up to that mountain's top.

1893 R. L. Stevenson Catriona xxx. 359 Just let me win upon my horse!

b. absol. without preposition or adverb: To get to the place implied (Scottish and dialect); to come, go.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > [verb (intransitive)]

nimeOE

becomec885

teec888

goeOE

i-goc900

lithec900

wendeOE

i-farec950

yongc950

to wend one's streetOE

fare971

i-wende971

shakeOE

winda1000

meteOE

wendOE

strikec1175

seekc1200

wevec1200

drawa1225

stira1225

glidea1275

kenc1275

movec1275

teemc1275

tightc1275

till1297

chevec1300

strake13..

travelc1300

choosec1320

to choose one's gatea1325

journeyc1330

reachc1330

repairc1330

wisec1330

cairc1340

covera1375

dressa1375

passa1375

tenda1375

puta1382

proceedc1392

doa1400

fanda1400

haunta1400

snya1400

take?a1400

thrilla1400

trace?a1400

trinea1400

fangc1400

to make (also have) resortc1425

to make one's repair (to)c1425

resort1429

ayrec1440

havea1450

speer?c1450

rokec1475

wina1500

hent1508

persevere?1521

pursuec1540

rechec1540

yede1563

bing1567

march1568

to go one's ways1581

groyl1582

yode1587

sally1590

track1590

way1596

frame1609

trickle1629

recur1654

wag1684

fadge1694

haul1802

hike1809

to get around1849

riddle1856

bat1867

biff1923

truck1925

society > travel > aspects of travel > arrival > arrive [verb (intransitive)] > get to the place implied

wina1500

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement towards a thing, person, or position > reaching a point or place > reach a point or place [verb (intransitive)] > get to the place implied

wina1500

a1500 (?c1400) Sir Triamour (Cambr.) (1937) l. 216 Bettyr hyt ys..Owt of yowre londe sche be flemyd..And faste ye schall hur comawnde to wynne.

c1650 J. Spalding Memorialls Trubles Scotl. & Eng. (1850) I. 143 The Marquess wreit bak his excuse, saying he could not win.

1894 P. H. Hunter James Inwick v. 70 There was a by-ordinar congregation that day; a'body that could win was there.

†c. In static sense: To ‘come’, reach. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > extension in space > extend in space [verb (intransitive)]

bredeOE

comeOE

ylasta1175

drawc1180

areachc1225

lastc1275

tillc1290

durea1300

reachc1330

spreada1400

halec1400

reignc1400

splatec1440

extend1481

endure1523

span1535

discoursea1547

wina1578

distend1581

intend1594

sweep1789

outlie1876

a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 258 Reid ȝallow hair..quhilk wan doune to his schoulderis.

d. In reference to a desired end, a condition, experience, proceeding, etc.: with various prepositions and adverbs, often in specialized senses: = get v. 26b(b) and various uses in VI and VII (see also below). Formerly chiefly Scottish and northern dialect. win by… (by prep. 16b), to escape, avoid. †win of eld, to ‘come of age’. win out, to come out successfully, succeed in attaining one's end; (without of, originally U.S.; cf. to lose out at lose v.¹ 4d). win through, to come out successfully. win to, to begin eating, ‘set to’, ‘fall to’ (= to get to at get v. Phrasal verbs 1).

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > rate of motion > move at specific rate [verb (transitive)] > gain (ground) upon

wina1300

to gain on or upon1719

to gain ground upon1816

to pick up1908

the world > people > person > adult > be adult [verb (intransitive)] > become adult

win of elda1300

throc1325

to grow up1535

discradle1634

to run up1713

mature1844

majorize1896

the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > succeed or be a success [verb (intransitive)] > achieve success (of persons) > succeed in doing anything > succeed under difficulties

win through1644

to come through1708

to pull through1830

pull1856

to fetch through1912

to hack it1936

the world > action or operation > safety > escape > escape from [verb (transitive)] > contrive to escape or evade

fleec1175

shunc1275

forgoc1305

passc1330

escapea1340

beglidea1350

voidc1380

shuntc1400

missa1522

evade1535

delude1536

to dally out1548

illude1553

prevent1598

outruna1616

to fail of1624

elude1634

subterfugea1643

shoot1685

shift1724

to get out of ——a1817

win by…1816

the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > eating > eat [verb (intransitive)] > begin to eat

to fall aboard1498

to fall to1577

to stand toa1616

win to1816

to get to1827

to dig in1912

the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > succeed or be a success [verb (intransitive)] > achieve success (of persons)

speed993

achievec1300

escheve?a1400

succeed1509

to turn up trumps1595

fadge1611

to nick ita1637

to hit the mark (also nail, needle, pin)1655

to get on1768

to reap, win one's laurels1819

to go a long way1859

win out1861

score1882

to make it1885

to make a ten-strike1887

to make the grade1912

to make good1914

to bring home the bacon1924

to go places1931

a1300 Cursor Mundi 25363 Oft þe men þat er rightwis Thoru faanding win þai to þair pris.

c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 174 Til þat she mowe winan of helde.

13.. Northern Passion (1913) I. 153/330* He hopid forto win fra wogh.

a1400–50 Wars Alex. 3986 Quen he wan to wax.., Thre cubettis fra þe croune doun his cors had a lenghte.

c1440 Pallad. on Husb. v. 67 The growyng of hem into oon heed wole wynne.

c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 9212 He his wit cast, For to wyn to his will.

1597 A. Montgomerie Cherrie & Slae 266 Aye houping, throwe louping, to win to libertie.

c1635 S. Rutherford Lett. (1675) iii. xxiv. 190 I look not to win away to my home, without wounds and blood.

1644 R. Baillie Let. 23 July (1841) II. 211 There is so much matter yet before us, as we cannot winn through for a long time after our common pace.

a1693 M. Bruce Soul-confirmation (1709) 15 Soul-confirmation..is not easilie wone at;..you that keeps only your old Job-troot,..you will not wone at Soul-confirmation.

1720 A. Ramsay Poems 350 The Man wha cou'd sic Rubs win o'er.

1816 W. Scott Old Mortality i, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. III. 9 We got some water-broo and bannocks, and mony a weary grace they said,..or they wad let me win to.

1816 W. Scott Old Mortality vi, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. IV. 123 The job is how we are to win by hanging.

1861 D. G. Rossetti tr. Dante Vita Nuova in Early Ital. Poets ii. 293 The anguish..that we must bow Beneath, until we win out of this life.

1868 J. C. Atkinson Gloss. Cleveland Dial. 575 He's sair an' badly. But t'doctor thinks he'll win thruff.

1896 Voice 9 Apr. 4/5 McKinley will lead on the first ballot, but ‘who will win out’ is a different question.

1902 R. Kipling Traffics & Discov. (1904) 7 But on delusions—as to their winning out next Tuesday week at 9 a.m.—they are—if I may say so—quite British.

1919 M. Beerbohm Seven Men 103 I wish he could have won out, as I did, into a great and lasting felicity.

1924 J. Galsworthy Forest iii. 78 You, Lockyer—a soldier! One spurt and we'll win out. Come!

1927 Daily Express 14 Dec. 13/5 It is good to know that Wodehouse's clever humour has won through.

1931 A. L. Rowse Politics & Younger Generation i. 262 If the League can manage to win through the divisions of the post-war world,..it will have established itself.

1947 ‘G. Orwell’ Eng. People 38 The American tendency is to burden every verb with a preposition that adds nothing to its meaning (win out, lose out, face up to, etc.).

1959 Listener 28 May 958/1 He made many enemies, but finally won through opposition to become one of the most controversial commanders of the last war.

1969 A. J. Meadows High Firmament vii. 160 Eventually, the uniformitarian concept won out in both astronomy and geology.

1974 ‘M. Innes’ Appleby's Other Story i. 7 Victorian bankers who won out when all the little local concerns began to be bundled up together.

1977 ‘E. Crispin’ Glimpses of Moon ii. 28 I won through, though... I survived.

1984 Times Educ. Suppl. 30 Nov. 28/1 The book has a brisk story and impeccable moral attitudes: gypsies, orphans, teachers and policemen are all good, ordinary people who win out in the end.

e. with adjective complement: = get v. 30b.

ΚΠ

1885 R. F. Burton tr. Arabian Nights' Entertainm. I. x. 94 He labours to win free from every form and observance.

1902 London Mag. June 452/2 Smiling to see him struggle when he thought he could win clear.

13. intransitive with to and infinitive: To succeed in doing (what is denoted by the verb); to contrive, manage to do something. Now only Scottish and dialect.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > completing > complete or conclude action [verb (intransitive)] > achieve an end or condition by progress

acomeOE

wina1300

chevec1300

attainc1375

reacha1400

achievec1400

geta1425

sort1543

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > forward movement > move forward or advance [verb (intransitive)] > with persistence, effort, or urgency

shovec888

thringc893

thresta1225

wina1300

thrustc1330

pressa1375

throngc1440

wrestc1450

thrimp1513

to put forward1529

intrude1562

breast1581

shoulder1581

haggle1582

strivea1586

wrestle1591

to push on (also along)1602

elabour1606

contend1609

to put on?1611

struggle1686

worry1702

crush1755

squeege1783

battle1797

scrouge1798

sweat1856

flounder1861

pull?1863

tank1939

bulldozer1952

terrier1959

the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > succeed or be a success [verb (intransitive)] > achieve success (of persons) > succeed in doing anything

wina1300

covera1375

gaina1375

to prevail to1474

to make shift of1504

attain1523

obtaina1529

frame1545

procure1559

to finish to1594

succeed1839

a1300 Cursor Mundi 26816 For mai naman wit quem to winn To serue at ans lauerds tuin.

c1300 K. Horn (Laud) 1112 Myȝte he nowt wynne For to come þer inne.

1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 121 b/2 That y^u mayst..wynne to spare the tormentes that ben yet to come.

c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 3145 O nowise may we wyn þat woman to gete.

a1600 A. Montgomerie Misc. Poems xxvii. 32 Thee to imbrace once, God ! if I micht win!

c1655 in Roxburghe Ballads (1886) VI. 209 The Repulsive Maid, Who Once took a young-man, but now cannot win To open the door, and let him come in.

a1732 T. Boston Memoirs (1776) vii. 140 I am habitually cast down, and cannot win to get my heart lifted up in the ways of the Lord.

1893 R. L. Stevenson Catriona xv. 170 As sune as I can win to stand on my twa feet we'll be aff frae this craig o' Sawtan.

14. transitive with preposition or adverb of place:

a. To succeed in bringing, putting, etc.: = get v. 26a(b). Obsolete or archaic.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > place > placing or fact of being placed in (a) position > place or put in a position [verb (transitive)] > succeed in

winc1374

the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > make a success of [verb (transitive)] > manage to secure (a result) > succeed in bringing or putting

winc1374

geta1393

c1374 G. Chaucer Anelida & Arcite 20 And do that I my shippe to haven wynne.

a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 94 Þere walked he a-boute þe walles to winne in siȝt.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 8219 Sua depe þair rote þai samen kest, þat moght þam naman þeþen win.

14.. Tundale's Vis. 939 Whan the vermyn wold have owt crepon At the holys that thei made opon Thei myght not wyn owt hor taylys.

c1400 Ywaine & Gaw. 1803 Bot yit his clathes on he wan.

c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy xi. 4772 Þai..Robbit the Riches..And wonnyn it wightly the wallis withoute.

1604 E. Grimeston tr. J. de Acosta Nat. & Morall Hist. Indies iii. x. 152 They gave over the enterprize to win the red sea into Nile.

a1639 S. Marmion Antiquary (1641) iii. i That I should owe my life to her! which way, I wonder? something depends on this, I must win out.

1825 W. Scott Betrothed ix, in Tales Crusaders I. 160 Her kind attendant..tried softly to win the spear from her lady's grasp.

1904 Daily Chron. 3 Nov. 3/3 His sweet and level-headed wife wins him through his difficulties.

†b. To put, set, take (expressing merely the act, without implication, as in sense 14a, of overcoming difficulty or hindrance). win out, to take or draw out, extract. win up, (a) to open (a door or gate); (b) to take up, pick up, lift. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > place > removal or displacement > extraction > extract [verb (transitive)] > by force, effort, or contrivance

to draw outOE

outdrawlOE

drawc1300

win out1362

out-wina1425

windc1535

extract1628

exact1647

exforcipatea1834

to winkle out1942

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > upward movement > raising > make to go up or cause to rise [verb (transitive)] > lift or take up > from the ground or a low position

uptakea1300

to pick upc1330

win up1362

to gather upa1400

the mind > possession > taking > take [verb (transitive)]

nimeOE

haveeOE

atleada1000

latchc1000

take?a1160

takec1175

hentc1300

catcha1382

privea1387

nighc1400

betakec1420

fonc1425

prend1447

win1515

the world > space > place > placing or fact of being placed in (a) position > place or put in a position [verb (transitive)]

doeOE

layc950

seta1000

puta1225

dight1297

pilt?a1300

stow1362

stick1372

bestowc1374

affichea1382

posec1385

couchc1386

dressa1387

assize1393

yarkc1400

sita1425

place1442

colloque1490

siegea1500

stake1513

win1515

plat1529

collocate1548

campc1550

posit1645

posture1645

constitute1652

impose1681

sist1852

shove1902

spot1937

1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. vi. 92 To wynne vp þe wiket-ȝat þat þe wey schutte.

a1400 Sir Beues (A.) 4364 In haste þe dore he gan vp winne.

a1400–50 Wars Alex. 837 Þan Alexander at þis knyȝt angirs vnfaire, Wynnes him vp a wardrere.

c1400 Rowland & O. 463 Rowlande owte his swerde wanne.

1515 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1903) V. 24 To ane masone of the lard of Sefeildis quhilk wan the alloring to the said place of Inchegarvy, xxs.

†c. To bring, take, move (a person somewhere).

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > transport > [verb (transitive)]

haveeOE

ferryOE

weighOE

bearOE

take?a1160

weve13..

carry1348

passa1350

tow1391

geta1393

convey1393

winc1400

transport1483

set1487

convoy1500

traduce1535

port1566

repair1612

vehiculate1628

transmute1683

transplant1769

gallant1806

transit1859

inveigh1878

waltz1884

sashay1928

conduct-

c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 831 Alle hasped in his heȝ wede to halle þay hym wonnen.

c1475 (?c1425) Avowing of King Arthur (1984) l. 601 Ȝe wynnun him noȝte owte of his way.

†d. reflexive. To betake oneself: = 12 (Cf. get v. 26a(c)) Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > [verb (reflexive)]

wendeOE

meteOE

drawc1175

flitc1175

do?c1225

kenc1275

teemc1275

movec1300

graitha1325

dightc1330

redec1330

windc1330

yieldc1330

dressa1375

raikc1400

winc1400

pass?a1425

get1492

tirec1540

flitch?1567

frame1576

betake1639

rely1641

c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 402 I schal ware alle my wyt to wynne me þeder.

c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 1138 [We] Wyn vs to the wallis, wacche þere vndur.

Compounds

In sense ‘one who or that which wins…’, as win-all, win-penny.

ΚΠ

1580 C. Hollyband Treasurie French Tong Gaigne-denier, a porter, a winne-penny.

1639 T. Fuller Hist. Holy Warre ii. xlvi. 107 One the winne-all, another the lose-all.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1926; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	win
释义	winn.¹ Brit. /wɪn/, U.S. /wɪn/ Forms: Old English–Middle English winn, (Middle English plural wunnen), Middle English winne, wynne, wyn(e, Middle English– win. Etymology: Old English win(n) labour, strife, conflict (compare Middle German win ), more frequently gewinn : see i-win n. The modern senses are < win v.¹ I. Senses relating to contention and advantage. †1. Strife, contention, conflict; tumult, disturbance, agitation. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > [noun] campOE winOE armoura1387 battlea1400 cocka1400 poynyec1425 combattery1524 hostility1531 combattencie1586 conflict1611 armed conflict1834 the world > movement > motion in specific manner > irregular movement or agitation > [noun] winOE disturbance1297 perturbingc1395 motiona1398 stirrage1513 turmoil1526 disquietness1535 buskling1546 jumbling1562 agitation1569 working1575 tumult1580 commotion1592 emotion1594 turbulence1598 bransle1603 pother1603 tumultuousnessa1617 unevennessa1637 unquietudea1639 disquietal1642 tumbling1660 disquietude1709 rouse1764 maelstrom1834 peacelessness1852 stir-up1900 society > society and the community > dissent > contention or strife > [noun] i-winc888 wrestlingc890 fightc1000 flitec1000 teenOE winOE ungrithlOE wara1200 cockingc1225 strife?c1225 strivingc1275 struta1300 barratc1300 thro1303 battlec1375 contentionc1384 tuggingc1440 militationa1460 sturtc1480 bargain1487 bargaining1489 distrifea1500 concertation1509 hold1523 conflict1531 ruffle1532 tangling1535 scamblingc1538 tuilyie1550 bustling1553 tilt1567 ruffling1570 wresting1570 certationc1572 pinglinga1578 reluctation1593 combating1594 yoking1594 bandying1599 tention1602 contrast1609 colluctation1611 contestationa1616 dimication1623 rixation1623 colluctance1625 decertation1635 conflicting1640 contrasto1645 dispute1647 luctation1651 contest1665 stickle1665 contra-colluctation1674 contrasting1688 struggle1706 yed1719 widdle1789 scrambling1792 cut and thrust1846 headbutting1869 push-and-pull1881 contending1882 thrust and parry1889 aggro1973 the world > relative properties > order > disorder > confusion or disorder > commotion, disturbance, or disorder > [noun] winOE torpelness?c1225 disturbance1297 workc1325 disturblingc1330 farec1330 frapec1330 disturbing1340 troublingc1340 blunderc1375 unresta1382 hurling1387 perturbationc1400 turbationc1400 rumblec1405 roara1413 rumourc1425 sturblance1435 troublec1435 stroublance1439 hurlc1440 hurly-burlyc1440 ruffling1440 stourc1440 rumblingc1450 sturbancec1450 unquietness?c1450 conturbationc1470 ruption1483 stir1487 wanrufe?a1505 rangat?a1513 business1514 turmoil1526 blommera1529 blunderinga1529 disturbation1529 bruyllie1535 garboil1543 bruslery1546 agitation1547 frayment1549 turmoiling1550 whirl1552 confusion1555 troublesomeness1561 rule1567 rummage1575 rabble1579 tumult1580 hurlement1585 rabblement1590 disturb1595 welter1596 coil1599 hurly1600 hurry1600 commotion1616 remotion1622 obturbation1623 stirrance1623 tumultuation1631 commoving1647 roiling1647 spudder1650 suffle1650 dissettlement1654 perturbancy1654 fermentationa1661 dissettledness1664 ferment1672 roil1690 hurry-scurry1753 vortex1761 rumpus1768 widdle1789 gilravagea1796 potheration1797 moil1824 festerment1833 burly1835 fidge1886 static1923 comess1944 frammis1946 bassa-bassa1956 OE Genesis 259 He..ongan him winn up ahebban wið þone hehstan heofnes waldend. c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 161 Hwile lat te deuel hem..& weccheð among hem flite & win. a1250 Owl & Nightingale 670 He mot gon to al mid gynne Hwan þe horte beoþ on winne. c1275 Laȝamon Brut 9044 Þat heold fiht and win [earlier text iwin]. a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 598 Ðo ðe tende moned cam in, So wurð dragen ðe watres win. †2. a. Gain, acquisition, profit; also, advantage, benefit. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > advantage > [noun] fremea700 redeeOE noteeOE goodOE goodnessOE framec1175 winc1175 bihevec1230 behoofc1275 advantagec1300 prowc1300 wellc1300 wainc1315 profita1325 bewaynec1375 vantagec1380 goodshipc1390 prewa1400 steada1400 benefice1426 vailc1430 utilityc1440 of availc1450 prevaila1460 fordeal1470 winning1477 encherishingc1480 benefit1512 booty1581 emolument1633 handhold1655 withgate1825 cui bono1836 the mind > possession > acquisition > [noun] > that which is obtained or acquired strainc950 i-winc1000 winc1175 winninga1300 purchasec1325 by-gatec1330 getc1390 gettingc1400 acquisition1477 conquest1556 gleaning1576 acquiring1606 acquest1622 acquist1635 attain1661 obtainment1829 acquiree1950 c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 6118 Þe birrþ þin rihhte swinnkess winn Vpp onn ȝuw alle nittenn. a1300 Floriz & Bl. (Cambr.) 805 Ac floriz nolde for no winne; Leuere him were wiþ his kinne. c1440 Pallad. on Husb. iii. 5 Ek newer, gretter wynne Is to the gresse. 1495 in Acts Lords of Council Civil Causes (1839) I. 409/1 Þe said tend penny of all wynnis pertenyn to our souerane lord. a1500 Bernardus de Cura Rei Famuliaris 180 Eftyr þi wyne with worschipe clethyng wer. 1535 D. Lindsay Satyre 3507 In pryde, invy, in ire, and lecherie, In covetice, or ony extreme win. a1586 W. Dunbar in W. A. Craigie Maitland Folio MS (1919) I. 293 Thir merchandis takis vnlesum win. 1603 Thre Prestis of Peblis (Charteris) (1920) 33 Quhan thay ar full of sic wrang win. †b. Possessions, riches, wealth. Obsolete.For the phr. worldes win(ne) see win n.² 2. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > wealth > wealth or riches > [noun] wealc888 ednessa1200 richessea1200 richdomc1225 richesses?c1225 wealtha1275 richesc1275 winc1275 warison1297 wonea1300 merchandisec1300 aver1330 richesc1330 substancea1382 abundancec1384 suffisance1390 talenta1400 pelf?a1505 opulence?1518 wealthsa1533 money bag1562 capital1569 opulency1584 affluency1591 affluence1593 exuberance1675 nabobism1784 money1848 c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 11311 Wif & mine weden and alle mine wunnen. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 1548 Ic hem ȝeue al þa winne þe ich æm waldinge ouer. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 7879 Bot oft þe weliest o win Riue-liest þai fal in sin. a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. i. 9 To walk here in this worthely wone, In all this welthly wyn. II. Senses relating to victory or the fruits of this. 3. A victory in a game or contest. colloquial. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > winning, losing, or scoring > [noun] > winning or win winningc1330 lurchingc1350 lurch1598 whitewash1834 win1862 whitewash1866 romp1919 upset1921 sweep1960 1862 Illustr. London News 10 May 492/3 The opposition..gathered strength after this slovenly win. 1866 Daily Tel. 3 Nov. Pineapple..won the first race, it being his eighth win since he was sold. 1894 J. D. Astley Fifty Years of my Life II. 78 I was real pleased with the win, for lots of my pals had backed Actea. 4. A gain; plural gains, winnings. colloquial. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > acquisition > [noun] > that which is obtained or acquired > an acquisition or gain perquisite1655 procurement1753 win1891 society > trade and finance > management of money > income, revenue, or profit > [noun] > personal income or acquired wealth > derived from gaming or betting stake1540 play money1700 winnings1716 win1891 pay-off1905 1891 N. Gould Double Event ii His gambling wins would have been enough for that. 1893 Kennel Gaz. Aug. Although the Shows might not be affected, their wins would be. 1897 T. R. Williams Serm. on ‘Just as I am’ 3 Every mental win on your part is a draw upon universal truth. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1926; most recently modified version published online December 2021). † winn.² Forms: Old English wynn, (Old English wunn, wenn), Middle English wnne, wonne, (also 1600s) wun, Middle English winne, (also 1600s) wunne, Middle English, 1600s win, Middle English wyn, wenne, Middle English–1500s wynne, Middle English wyne. Etymology: Old English wyn(n , corresponding to Old Saxon wunnia , Old High German wunnja , wunna strong feminine, wunnî < and wunno weak masculine (Middle High German wünne , wunne , German wonne ); < Germanic wun- , found also in Old English gewun , wunian (see wont n.¹), wýscan ( < wunskjan ) to wish v., and related to wen-* (see ween n., ween v.) and wine n.², friend. Compare winsome adj. Obsolete. 1. a. Joy, pleasure, delight, bliss; a source of joy, a delight. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > pleasure > [noun] lustc888 lustfulnessa900 queemnesseOE mirtheOE estec1000 winOE queemc1175 sweetness?c1225 solace1297 dutea1300 lustinga1300 joyingc1300 jollityc1330 lustiheadc1369 lustinessc1374 sweet1377 voluptyc1380 well-pleasinga1382 pleasancec1385 pleasurea1393 volupta1398 easementc1400 pleasingc1400 complacencec1436 pleasec1475 satisfaction1477 likancea1500 oblectation1508 beauty1523 aggradation1533 pleasurancec1540 joc1560 likement1577 contentment1587 beloving1589 gratification1598 savouriness1599 entertain1601 pleasedness1626 well-apaidness1633 well-pleasedness1633 pleasingness1649 complacency1652 adlubescence1656 enjoyment1665 volupe1669 musica1674 pleasantry1740 barrel of fun (laughs, etc.)1915 the mind > emotion > pleasure > joy, gladness, or delight > [noun] merrinesseOE gladnessc900 mirtheOE playeOE dreamOE gladshipc975 lissOE willOE hightOE blithenessc1000 gladc1000 winOE blissc1175 delices?c1225 delight?c1225 joy?c1225 comfortc1230 listc1275 gladhead1303 daintyc1325 fainnessc1340 lightnessa1350 delectationc1384 delightingc1390 comfortationa1400 fainheada1400 blithec1400 fainc1400 delicacyc1405 gladsomeness1413 reveriea1425 joyousitiea1450 joyfulnessc1485 jucundity1536 joyousness1549 joc1560 delightfulness1565 jouissance1579 joyance1590 levitya1631 revelling1826 chuckle1837 joyancy1849 a song in one's heart1862 delightsomeness1866 the mind > emotion > pleasure > joy, gladness, or delight > quality of causing joy or delight > [noun] > an instance or source of joy or delight playeOE mirthOE blissa1000 winOE sunbeamc1175 delight?c1225 joyc1275 delightingc1350 joying1388 delicec1390 delectation?a1425 rejoice1445 delectabilitiesa1500 deliciositiesa1500 delectables1547 delicacy1586 venery1607 deliciousness1651 thrilling1747 peaches and cream1920 OE Beowulf 2262 Hearpan wyn, gomen gleobeames. ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 144 Alle þilke fondunges..þuncheð wop. & naut wunne. ach ha wendeð efterward to weole & to blisse. a1240 Ureisun in Old Eng. Hom. I. 183 Ihesu mi weole, mi wunne. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 11343 Ne mihte nauere mon-cunne nan swa muchel wunne. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 4525 Iesu Crist..alre worulde wunne. c1275 Laȝamon Brut 25569 Louerd drihtene crist..middilerþes win. c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 14908 Fair folk ys þere-inne! Þer faces to se, hit ys gret wynne! a1350 in G. L. Brook Harley Lyrics (1968) 46 Away is al my wunne. c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Franklin's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 74 Wyn, wo, or chaungyng of complexioun. c1425 Cast. Persev. 204 in Macro Plays 83 Belyal. In woo is al my wenne. c1700 W. Kennett MS Lansdowne 1033 lf. 430 b Wunsome, pleasant..a wunne gaudium, whence a wun to see, a pleasure or satisfaction to see. b. In vague commendatory sense, and often in with (or mid) win, which, originally intensive, frequently becomes a mere tag. ΚΠ c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 660 Slep sone, with michel winne. c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 2965 Hauelok bi-lefte wit ioie and gamen In engelond, and was þer-inne Sixti winter king with winne. c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 9617 Þer com þey to þe toun wyþ wyn. a1400 Sqr. lowe Degre 263 Wyth welth and wynne to were the crowne. c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 15 On mony bonkkes ful brode Bretayn he setteȝ, wyth wynne. 14.. Poem to Virgin in T. Wright & J. O. Halliwell Reliquiæ Antiquæ (1845) II. 213 Swete lady, full of wynne, Full of grace and gode within. c1440 Syr Gowghter 51 in Utterson E.P.P. I. 163 The worthi duk and ducheese They levid togeder with wenne. a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xxiv. 314 For I may swere with mekill wyn I am the most shrew in all myn kyn. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 13346 Penolope,..Þat had keppit hir full cloise as a cleane lady, With myche worship & wyn. 1572 (a1500) Taill of Rauf Coilȝear (1882) 928 Wed ane worthie to wyfe, and weild her with win. c. In benedictory phrases. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > prosperity > in prosperous condition [phrase] > fortunately > wish for another's good fortune well worthc1275 winc1400 fair fall ——c1430 wally fall1568 more power to a person (also a person's elbow, arm)1831 c1400 Ywaine & Gaw. 1113 Sho said smertly, Do lat me her, Cumes he sone, als have thou wyn. c1400 Ywaine & Gaw. 2219 So have i wyn, Mi lyoun and i sal noght twyn. c1425 Seven Sag. (P.) 1373 So God almyghty gyf me wyne, Thou ne schalt to come hyre-ine. c1503 Beuys of Southhamptowne (Pynson) 2453 There was a wel, so haue I wynne, And Beuys stumbled ryght therin. 1553 J. Bradford Serm. Repentance sig. Fviij^v Thoughe a great whyle he laye a slepe (as many do now a dayes, god geue them wynne waking) [1574 G ij by a misunderstanding reads good waking]. 1633 M. Parker King & Poore Northerne Man sig. B^v Man with thy money, God give thee win. 2. worldes winne (earlier woreld winne, Old English worolde wynn), also worldly winne: worldly delight or pleasure; later, by association with win n.¹, worldly wealth or possessions. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > pleasure > [noun] > worldly pleasure worldes winneOE the mind > possession > wealth > wealth or riches > [noun] > earthly worldes winneOE OE Beowulf 1080 Þær heo ær mæste heold worolde wynne. c1175 Lamb. Hom. 147 On twa wise Mon mei forlete world winne. c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 195 Erest he strepte of him his shep, þe waren his woreld winne. c1230 Hali Meid. (Titus) 90 For worldliche wunne þat tu wendes to biȝeten. a1250 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Nero) (1952) 87 Wordes weole & wunne & wurschipe. c1325 Metr. Hom. 15 For rifli gers werldes win Thir fair wimmen fal in sin. a1400 Minor Poems from Vernon MS 337/341 Alle worldes winne He sendeþ, whon he wile. c1480 (a1400) St. Mary Magdalen 56 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 257 Þat mychty ware & of gret kyne, & mykil had of warldis wyne. 1535 D. Lindsay Satyre 3535 Covetice of warldlie win. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1926; most recently modified version published online December 2021). winn.³ Brit. /wɪn/, U.S. /wɪn/ Forms: Also 1500s–1600s wyn, 1800s whinn, winn, wing. Etymology: Origin obscure; quot. 1819 suggests that it may be short for Winchester. slang. A penny. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > English coins > [noun] > penny pennylOE sterling1297 win1567 penny piece1797 dubbeltjie1822 cross-penny1837 saltee1859 trident1898 bun-penny1958 1567 T. Harman Caueat for Commen Cursetors (new ed.) Peddelars Frenche sig. Giii^v A flagge, a wyn, and a make. 1608 T. Dekker Lanthorne & Candle-light sig. C2^v If we..nip a boung that has but a win. 1618 B. Holyday Τεχνογαμια ii. vi Good Sir, if you be a Gentry coue, vouchsafe some small Win or but a Make, for wee haue neither Lowre, nor Libbeg, nor Libkin. 1693 T. Urquhart & P. A. Motteux tr. F. Rabelais 3rd Bk. Wks. xli. 341 They had not a Win in their Fab. 1819 J. H. Vaux New Vocab. Flash Lang. in Memoirs II. 225 Win or Winchester, a penny. 1823 ‘J. Bee’ Slang Scuddick,..‘not a scuddick’—not any brads, not a whinn, empty clies. 1859 J. C. Hotten Dict. Slang Winn, a penny. 1900 ‘J. Flynt’ Tramping with Tramps (U.K. ed.) 241 Just go and get a shave now, Jim. I'll give you a wing (penny), if you will, for the doin' o' 't. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1926; most recently modified version published online December 2021). † winadj.¹ Forms: Middle English wn-, Middle English wunne, wynne, Middle English wyn. Etymology: Only in Middle English alliterative verse; adjective use of win n.², derived < Old English poetical compounds such as wynbéam tree of joy, wynland pleasant land. Obsolete. Delightful, pleasant; goodly, fine; good. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > [adjective] goodOE winlyOE snella1000 winc1275 boonc1325 cleana1375 tidya1375 positivea1398 comelyc1400 kindc1400 kindly?a1425 well-formeda1425 trim?a1513 wally?a1513 bonnya1525 delicatea1533 goodlike1562 sappy1563 bein1567 rum1567 benedict1576 warrantable1581 true (also good, sure) as touch1590 goodlisomea1603 respectable1603 clever1738 amusing1753 plummy1787 bone1793 brickish1843 mooi1850 ryebuck1859 spandy1868 greatisha1871 healthy1878 popular1884 beefy1903 onkus1910 quies1919 cushty1929 high-powered1969 not shabby1975 the mind > emotion > pleasure > quality of being pleasant or pleasurable > [adjective] winsomea900 sweetc900 likingeOE i-quemec950 lieflyOE winlyOE hereOE thankfulc1000 merryOE queemc1175 beina1200 willea1200 leesomec1200 savouryc1225 estea1250 i-wilc1275 winc1275 welcomea1300 doucea1350 well-pleasingc1350 acceptablea1382 pleasablea1382 pleasanta1382 pleaseda1382 acceptedc1384 amiablec1384 well-likinga1387 queemfulc1390 flattering1393 pleasinga1398 well-queeminga1400 comelyc1400 farrandc1400 greable1401 goodlyc1405 amicable?a1425 placablec1429 amene1433 winful1438 listyc1440 dulcet1445 agreeablec1450 favourousc1485 sweetly?a1500 pleasureful?c1502 dulcea1513 grate1523 prettya1529 plausible1541 jolly1549 dulcoratec1550 toothsome1551 pleasurable1557 tickling1558 suavec1560 amenous1567 odoriferous?1575 perfumed1580 glada1586 tickle1593 pleasurous1595 favoursome1601 dulcean1606 gratifying1611 Hyblaean1614 gratulatea1616 arrident1616 solacefula1618 pleasantable1619 placid1628 contentsome1632 sapid1640 canny1643 gustful1647 peramene1657 pergrateful1657 tastefula1659 complacent1660 placentiousa1661 gratifactorya1665 bland1667 suavious1669 palatable1683 placent1683 complaisant1710 nice1747 tasty1796 sweetsome1799 titbit1820 connate1836 cunning1843 mooi1850 gemütlich1852 sympathique1859 congenial1878 sympathetic1900 sipid1908 onkus1910 sympathisch1911 c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 694 Þer he mihte þurh-wunian mid his wnfolke [c1300 Otho gode folke]. a1350 in G. L. Brook Harley Lyrics (1968) 44 Þis wunne weole y wole forgon, ant wyht in wode be fleme. c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 2430 Þat wyl I welde wyth guod wylle, not for þe wynne golde. c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 1032 Þere he draȝeȝ hym on dryȝe, & derely hym þonkkeȝ Of þe wynne worschip [þat] he hym wayned hade. c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 154 Euer me þoȝt I schulde not wonde For wo, þer welez so wynne wore. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 4265 A faire temple..With wallis vp wroght, wyn to beholde. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1926; most recently modified version published online December 2021). † winadj.² Forms: Also Middle English wyn, wynnynge. Etymology: Scots past participle of win v.¹ (Forms, past participle δ.) Scottish. Obsolete. = won adj.; evil win, ill-gotten. Of stone, etc.: Worked, quarried. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > acquisition > [adjective] > obtained or acquired > by evil means wrong-gotten1388 evil winc1425 extort1430 misgottena1450 evil-gotten1539 ill-gottena1555 misbegotten1591 ill-gota1616 society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > stone or rock > [adjective] > quarried win1609 c1425 Wyntoun Cron. iv. xviii. 1712 Eftyr..syndry wynnynge wictoryis. 1572 (a1500) Taill of Rauf Coilȝear (1882) 921 That is full euill wyn land To haue quhill thow ar leuand, Sine at thine end hell. ?a1600 ( R. Sempill Legend Bischop St. Androis in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xlv. 365 Ane carling of the Quene of Phareis, That ewill win geir to elphyne careis. 1609 in J. D. Marwick Extracts Rec. Burgh Glasgow (1876) I. 307 That the tirrit quarrell and craig thairof and the win werk lyand in the same can nocht be wrocht. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1926; most recently modified version published online December 2020). winv.¹ Brit. /wɪn/, U.S. /wɪn/ Forms: Past tense and participle won /wʌn/. Forms: infinitive Old English–Middle English winnan, (Old English wynnan), Middle English winnen, (Orm.) -enn, Middle English–1500s wynne, (Middle English -en), Middle English–1600s winne, Middle English–1700s winn, (Middle English whyn, Scottish vyn(e), Middle English–1500s wine, wyne, wynn, wyn, (Middle English wenne), Middle English– win. β. (chiefly Scottish) Middle English, 1600s–1700s wone, 1500s–1800s won, 1600s wonne, 1800s wun. past tense Old English, Middle English wann, Old English–1600s (1700s–1800s dialect and archaic) wan, (Middle English whan(ne), Middle English–1500s wane, (Scottish van), Middle English–1600s wanne, (1500s Scottish vane). β. Old English. 2nd person singular wunne; plural Old English wunnon, Old English, Middle English wunnun, Middle English ( Orm.) -enn, Middle English wonne(n, Middle English -yn, Middle English wonen, wonyn; Middle English–1500s wunne, 1500s–1600s wun. γ. Old English wonn, Middle English–1600s wonne, (Middle English whonne), 1500s–1600s woon, Old English– won. δ. 1500s winned, 1600s wined. past participle Middle English wunnen, (Middle English Orm. -enn), Middle English wunne, Middle English (1500s Scottish) wun, (Middle English northern vun, 1500s Scottish wvne); Middle English (Middle English Scottish) woun, Middle English Scottish wown, ( woung). β.¹Middle English wonnun, (Scottish wonone, vonnyn, vonyng), Middle English wonnin, wonnene, wonnyn(e, wonen(e, wonyn(e, Middle English–1500s wonnen, Middle English wonun, (Scottish wonnyng). β.²Middle English iwonne, Middle English ywonne, Middle English ywon, Middle English ywone, ywonnen, e-wonne. β.³Middle English–1600s wonne, (1700s Scottish) wone, Middle English–1600s wonn, Middle English– won; 1500s–1600s woon(e, (1500s woonne). γ. Middle English–1600s wan, 1500s wanne. δ. ScottishMiddle English winin, ( wyn(n)ynge); 1500s winn, wyn, wyne, 1500s–1700s win, 1600s winne, wynn. (Cf. win adj.²) ε. 1500s wonde, 1600s wind. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Common Germanic strong verb: Old English winnan , (wann , wunnen ), also gewinnan i-win v. = Old Frisian winna to obtain, Old Saxon winnan to suffer, win, giwinnan to obtain, (Middle Low German, Middle Dutch winnen to till the ground, obtain, acquire), Old High German winnan (Middle High German winnen ) to be excited, rage, contend, exert oneself, also gawinnan to gain as by labour or exertion (Middle High German, German gewinnen ), Old Norse vinna to labour, bring about, gain (Swedish vinna , Danish vinde ), Gothic (ga)winnan to suffer: ulterior relations are uncertain; forms of cognate meaning are Gothic winno , winna , wunns suffering, Old High German winna conflict, Middle High German winne pain, Old Norse vinna labour; see also witherwin n. (Old English wiþerwinna , Old High German widarwinno ). The senses run parallel to a considerable extent with those of gain v.² and get v. †1. intransitive. To work, labour (Old English); to strive, contend, fight. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > dissent > contention or strife > contend [verb (intransitive)] winc888 fightc900 flitec900 wraxlec1000 wrestlea1200 cockc1225 conteckc1290 strivec1290 struta1300 topc1305 to have, hold, make, take strifec1374 stightlea1375 debatec1386 batea1400 strugglec1412 hurlc1440 ruffle1440 warc1460 warslea1500 pingle?a1513 contend1529 repugn1529 scruggle1530 sturtc1535 tuga1550 broilc1567 threap1572 yoke1581 bustle1585 bandy1594 tilt1595 combat1597 to go (also shake, try, wrestle) a fall1597 mutiny1597 militate1598 combatizec1600 scuffle1601 to run (or ride) a-tilt1608 wage1608 contesta1618 stickle1625 conflict1628 stickle1647 dispute1656 fence1665 contrast1672 scramble1696 to battle it1715 rug1832 grabble1835 buffet1839 tussle1862 pickeer1892 passage1895 tangle1928 c888 Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. xxxv. §4 Nis nan gesceaft þe tiohhie þæt hio scyle winnan wið hire scippendes willan. c900 tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (1890) iv. iii. 264 He þy ma mid his hondum wonn & worhte þa þing, þe nydþearfleco wæron. OE Beowulf 506 Eart þu se Beowulf, se þe wið Brecan wunne? a1000 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 202/41 Pugnaui, ic wan. a1122 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) ann. 685 Her ongan Ceadwala winnan æfter rice. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 3488 Forr þatt menn sholldenn..winnenn swa to cumenn upp Till heofennrichess blisse. c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 51 Ierusalem and babilonie beð two burȝes, and fliteð eure, and winneð bitwinen hem. c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 187 Iob..wan wið þe þurse. c1220 Bestiary 521 Til it cumeð ðe time Ðat storm stireð al ðe se, Ðanne sumer and winter winnen. †2. transitive. To conquer, subdue, overcome, defeat, vanquish, ‘beat’. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > victory > make victorious [verb (transitive)] > conquer or overcome overcomeeOE shendc893 awinc1000 overwinOE overheaveOE to lay downa1225 mate?c1225 discomfitc1230 win1297 dauntc1300 cumber1303 scomfit1303 fenkc1320 to bear downc1330 confoundc1330 confusec1330 to do, put arrear1330 oversetc1330 vanquishc1330 conquerc1374 overthrowc1375 oppressc1380 outfighta1382 to put downa1382 discomfortc1384 threshc1384 vencuea1400 depressc1400 venque?1402 ding?a1425 cumrayc1425 to put to (also at, unto) the (also one's) worsec1425 to bring or put to (or unto) utterance1430 distrussc1430 supprisec1440 ascomfita1450 to do stress?c1450 victorya1470 to make (win) a conquest1477 convanquish1483 conquest1485 defeat1485 oversailc1485 conques1488 discomfish1488 fulyie1488 distress1489 overpress1489 cravent1490 utter?1533 to give (a person) the overthrow1536 debel1542 convince1548 foil1548 out-war1548 profligate1548 proflige?c1550 expugnate1568 expugn1570 victor1576 dismay1596 damnify1598 triumph1605 convict1607 overman1609 thrash1609 beat1611 debellate1611 import1624 to cut to (or in) pieces1632 maitrise1636 worst1636 forcea1641 outfight1650 outgeneral1767 to cut up1803 smash1813 slosh1890 ream1918 hammer1948 1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 136 Alle þes kinges were þo, ac bote on nov þer nis; Vor þe king of westsex alle þe oþere wan iwis. c1330 (?c1300) Guy of Warwick (Auch.) l. 889 Wel mani kniȝtes Gij wan [c1475 Caius toke] þat day. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 14832 He has vs wonnen [ Fairf. wonnin] wit maistri. c1400 Ragman Roll 168 in W. C. Hazlitt Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. (1864) I. 76 Or that ye be conqueryd and e-wonne. 1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur vii. xxiii. 250 He wanne me in playne bataille hande for hand. c1475 (?c1425) Avowing of King Arthur (1984) l. 333 Þus hase he wonun Kay on werre. c1480 (a1400) St. James Less 752 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 172 Quhene þat tytus Ierusalem had wonone. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xii. 47 He thoucht that he suld weill lichtly Vyn hym, and haf hym at his will. 1508 Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. dii Wourschipful wavane had wonnin him on weir. 1513 Life Henry V (1911) 108 He deliberated by proces of time to wynn them by hunger and thirst. 1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) I. 84 How that Reuthar..faucht with Cecelus..and wan him. 1577 T. Kendall tr. Politianus et al. Flowers of Epigrammes f. 38^v Here sensuall pleasure doeth assault to winne me by her might. 1611 T. Heywood Golden Age v. sig. K Creet thou hast wonne My thirty thousand Souldiers, and my Sonne. figurative.1567 J. Maplet Greene Forest f. 1 But whiles it [sc. the adamant] is inuincible or can not be woonne that way [sc. by fire]: yet..with the..freshe bloud of the Goate, it breaketh..in sunder.1575 A. Fleming tr. Virgil Bucolikes vii. 22 Phillis loues the Hazils well,..The Myrtle shall them neuer wynne, nor Phoebus Bay trees tall. 3. a. (a) To be victorious in (a contest of any kind, as a battle, game, race, action at law, etc.). Also to win the field. (Cf. to win the victory at sense 6b)Formerly used with a wider range of object (e.g. conquest, exploit). to win the day: see day n. 13. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > victory > make victorious [verb (transitive)] > win (a victory or battle) overcomec1275 getc1330 win1338 vanquisha1400 conquerc1475 conquest1485 obtain1530 import1598 gain1725 the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > make a success of [verb (transitive)] > win (any contest or prize) win1338 vanquisha1400 to bear away?1506 obtain1530 conquer1676 gain1725 ice1908 to take out1977 1338 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 24 Tuo & tuenty batailes he wanne þe first ȝere. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 7793 Dauid had gin him batail kene; Wit godds grace þe feild he wan. c1460 (?c1400) Tale of Beryn l. 1747 The meyne [sc. chessmen] were I-set vp; & gon to pley fast: Beryn wan the first, þe second, & þe þird. 1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) ii. iii. 38 The tonges of aduocates..must be had yf thou wylt wynne thy cause. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xi. (rubric) The battale of bannokburne, strykyne & vonyng be gud kyng robert the bruce. c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) liii. 177 How kynge Iuoryn caused his doughter play at the chesse with Huon,..and how Huon wan the game. c1590 C. Marlowe Faustus 1029 in Wks. (1910) 180 Howe they had wonne by prowesse such exploits. 1594 R. Carew tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne i. 22 Conquests he winned. 1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. i. ii. 3 The Aborigines and Trojanes wan indeed the field, but lost their Captaine Latinus. a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) i. viii. 17 'Tis Ioane, not we, by whom the day is wonne . View more context for this quotation a1650 D. Calderwood Hist. Kirk Scotl. (1843) II. 263 ‘Prove that, and wonne the plea!’ said Lethington. 1653 H. Holcroft tr. Procopius Persian Wars i. 22 in tr. Procopius Hist. Warres Justinian He wanne this battell. 1728 A. Ramsay Monk & Miller's Wife 233 His courage wan the day. 1781 W. Cowper Truth 13 He that would win the race must guide his horse Obedient to the customs of the course. 1836 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers (1837) vii. 70 Won the toss—first innings—seven o'clock, a.m. 1878 H. H. Gibbs Game of Ombre (ed. 2) 26 If either of the adversaries win the game. 1908 E. Fowler Between Trent & Ancholme 380 About that time, Waterloo was won. (b) transferred in catchphrase to win the peace, to bring about the successful reconstruction of a country defeated in or severely damaged by a war; hence win-the-peace attributive. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > amending > restoration > be or become restored [verb (intransitive)] > reconstruct a country damaged by war win-the-peace1942 the world > action or operation > amending > restoration > [adjective] > relating to reconstruction > specifically of a country damaged by war win-the-peace1942 1942 H. A. Wallace Cent. Common Man (1944) 10 As part of the effort to win the peace, I am hoping that what might be called the ‘ever normal granary principle’ can be established for a number of commodities on a world-wide scale. 1945 Daily Herald 31 Aug. 2/1 The nation, girding itself for a supreme win-the-peace endeavour, will derive high encouragement from this enterprise by the mining community. 1950 A. Huxley Themes & Variations 243 That the Russians have been ‘winning the peace’ is due..to the fact that they profess and teach, as absolutely true, a clear-cut philosophy of man and nature. 1962 Listener 8 Mar. 402/2 They have also tried to agree that nobody was going to win the peace, but nobody was going to lose it either. b. Phrases. you can't win them all; you win some, you lose some, etc. ΚΠ 1953 R. Chandler Long Good-bye (1954) xxiv. 122 Take it easy, Doc. You can't win them all. 1966 P. O'Donnell Sabre-tooth xiv. 189 You win a few, you lose a few, and it's no good getting sore. 1976 Times 23 Nov. 14/1 You look like being saddled with the uninspiring Willy... On the other hand, you seem to have got your way over Mrs. Thatcher's nominee... You win some, you lose some. 1979 K. M. Peyton Marion's Angels ix. 151 ‘It'll be all right,’ she said. ‘I daresay. You can't win them all.’ 1984 Listener 1 Nov. 24/3 Academic friends..have found just one definite factual error... Ah, well; win some, lose some. 4. a. absol. or intransitive. To overcome one's adversary, opponent, or competitor; to be victorious, gain the victory (now chiefly in sports or games of skill); figurative to prevail. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > victory > be victorious [verb (intransitive)] overcomea1200 win1297 conquerc1300 to bear, fang, have the flower (of)c1310 vanquish1382 to win one's shoesa1400 to win or achieve a checka1400 triumph1508 vince1530 import1600 victorize1641 beat1744 the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > succeed or be a success [verb (intransitive)] > win win1297 obtain1441 to go away with it1489 triumph1508 to carry (also get, lose, win, etc.) the day1557 to bear it1602 carry1602 to carry away the bucklers1608 to carry one's point1654 to carry it off1828 to ring the bell1900 society > leisure > sport > winning, losing, or scoring > win, lose, or score [verb (intransitive)] > win win1297 romp1869 to run out1869 account1928 1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 4688 Hii worrede norþward & wonne ver & ner. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Coll. Phys.) l. 20004 Werande on þe wrang þai wan. c1400 26 Pol. Poems xxiv. 288 Haue mercie on me, let mercie wyn! 14.. J. Audelay Poems (Percy Soc.) Introd. p. ix Oure faders in Frawns had won beforne. c1440 Alphabet of Tales cxviii. 83 How..ij men played at þe dyce, and when þe tane of þaim began to lose, he began to..flite with God for þat he wan nott. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xii. 373 In punȝeis is oft hapnyne Quhill for to vyne, and quhill to tyne. 1546 J. Heywood Dialogue Prouerbes Eng. Tongue i. v. sig. Bii He laugth that wynth. 1551 King Edward VI Jrnl. in Lit. Remains (1857) II. 312 I lost..at roundes, and wane at rovers. 1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 i. i. 132 The summe of all Is, that the King hath wonne . View more context for this quotation 1607 G. Markham Cavelarice vi. 15 Nor haue I seene anye horse winne, but I haue seene many Horses loose, which haue beene kept with such dyett. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. 126 Obstinately bent to win or dye. View more context for this quotation 1818 Ld. Byron Childe Harold: Canto IV cxl. 73 He is gone, Ere ceased the inhuman shout which hail'd the wretch who won. 1836 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers (1837) ii. 23 That [advice] which by-standers invariably give to the smallest boy in a street fight; namely, ‘Go in, and win’. 1842 Ld. Tennyson Godiva in Poems (new ed.) II. 113 The passions of her mind,..Made war upon each other for an hour, Till pity won. 1871 F. W. Farrar Witness of Hist. iii. 100 Yet, unaided by any, opposed by all, Christianity won. 1880 W. Day Racehorse in Training xviii. 169 If an owner runs two horses in a race, he has a right to declare with which of the two he will win. 1884 Manch. Examiner 21 May 4/7 The M.C.C. winning by an innings and four runs. b. Phrases. you can't win, said (often in exasperation) to emphasize that whatever one does, it will be judged wrong or insufficient; you win, used to concede defeat in argument, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > failure or lack of success > unsuccessful [phrase] > success is not possible you can't win1926 the world > action or operation > failure or lack of success > defeat or overthrow > loss or defeat [phrase] > concede defeat you win1926 1926 J. Black (title) You can't win. 1943 N. Marsh Colour Scheme vi. 99 All right... You win. I apologize. 1962 Redbook Mar. 44/2 She says I should always be dignified in front of him. Next she hands me the garbage pail and says, ‘Take this out.’ You can't win, no matter which way you turn! 1976 P. Lively Stitch in Time v. 55 ‘You can't win,’ said Martin with sudden gloom, ‘when you're the eldest. Whatever you do, you shouldn't have because you're old enough to know better.’ 1982 ‘S. Woods’ Enter Gentlewoman ii. iii. 113 ‘It's hardly fair to judge other people by one's own principles.’ ‘All right, you win.’ 5. a. transitive. To subdue and take possession of; to seize, capture, take (a place). archaic (now associated with 6).Middle English phr. to win to or into one's hand or will. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > victory > make victorious [verb (transitive)] > capture or acquire by conquest i-wina1000 wina1122 fang?c1200 catchc1275 conquer1297 geta1400 stealc1400 conquer1475 conquest1485 conques1488 evict1560 carry1579 intake1646 constrain1700 capture1796 a1122 Anglo-Saxon Chron. ann. 1070 (Laud) Hi wendon þæt hi sceoldon winnon eall þæt land. c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 51 Þe king..bilai þe burh forte þat hit [= he it] wan. 1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 1033 Engelond aþ ibe mid strengþe iwonne. 1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 3859 King howel wiþ is poer wan sone peyto Al to king arthures wille. 1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 7878 Ar is fader wonne engelond. a1300 Leg. Rood ii. 219 He ouercom is fon And..al is lond won. 13.. Coer de L. 1348 The toun of Acres he has wunne. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1872) IV. 9 Whanne Alisaundre hadde i-wonne alle þe est londes. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 9202 In his time was þe Iuen land Wonnen [Fairf. wonnyn] into þe sarzins hand. c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 1305 Nov he þe kyng has conquest & þe kyth wunnen. c1425 Wyntoun Cron. xx. 36 Sic assawtis þare he maid That neire þe tovne he wonyn [v.r. wonnynge] hade. c1425 Wyntoun Cron. clxx. 4816 Quhen þe wardane..of þat land Had wonnyn gret part till his hand. c1425 Engl. Conquest Ireland (1896) lvii. 136 He come ynto Irland, & whan the lond. 1430–40 J. Lydgate tr. Bochas Fall of Princes ix. 2134 Whan the saide cite was first wonne. c1440 Gesta Romanorum (Harl.) lvii. 240 Þey entrid into þe citee, & whonne hit. 1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur i. vii. 44 Arthur wan alle the north scotland. 1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) xi. l. 973 Schynnoun thai tuk at Wallace fyrst had woun [1570 winin]. 1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) vii. l. 1007 Ramsay and Graym the Turat ȝet has wown. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry V f. xxxix^v He that will Fraunce wynne, muste with Scotlande firste begyn. 1556 in J. G. Nichols Chron. Grey Friars (1852) 21 Thys yere the towne dech was new cast... And the towne of Barwyke wanne. 1578 H. Wotton tr. J. Yver Courtlie Controuersie 145 As men say, the Towne wonne, the Castell yeeldeth. 1603 G. Owen Descr. Penbrokshire (1892) 47 A greate parte thereof was woon from them by the Englishmen. 1613 J. Saris Jrnl. in Voy. Japan (1900) 34 There land, which they had wone with there swordes. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis x, in tr. Virgil Wks. 512 On either Hand These fight to keep, and those to win the Land. 1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Iliad in Iliad & Odyssey I. iv. 495 Should the Greeks..win imperial Troy, The glory shall be his. 1836 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece III. xxv. 387 He advised that they should.. endeavour first to win Messana. 1871 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest IV. xviii. 155 In the eyes of William it was a means by which Exeter might be won. b. To seize, capture, take as spoil; to catch (fish, a bird); to capture, take captive (a person). Obsolete except in euphemistic slang, to steal. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > taking > seizing > catching or capture > catch or capture [verb (transitive)] i-lecchec1000 fang1016 hentOE takeOE alatchlOE catchc1275 wina1300 to take ina1387 attain1393 geta1400 overhent?a1400 restay?a1400 seizea1400 tachec1400 arrest1481 carrya1500 collara1535 snap1568 overgo1581 surprise1592 nibble1608 incaptivate1611 nicka1640 cop1704 chop1726 nail1735 to give a person the foot1767 capture1796 hooka1800 sniba1801 net1803 nib1819 prehend1831 corral1860 rope1877 the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > steal [verb (transitive)] pick?c1300 takec1300 fetch1377 bribec1405 usurpc1412 rapc1415 to rap and rendc1415 embezzle1495 lifta1529 pilfer1532 suffurate1542 convey?1545 mill1567 prig1567 strike1567 lag1573 shave1585 knave1601 twitch1607 cly1610 asport1621 pinch1632 snapa1639 nap1665 panyar1681 to carry off1684 to pick up1687 thievea1695 to gipsy away1696 bone1699 make1699 win1699 magg1762 snatch1766 to make off with1768 snavel1795 feck1809 shake1811 nail1819 geach1821 pull1821 to run off1821 smug1825 nick1826 abduct1831 swag1846 nobble1855 reef1859 snig1862 find1865 to pull off1865 cop1879 jump1879 slock1888 swipe1889 snag1895 rip1904 snitch1904 pole1906 glom1907 boost1912 hot-stuff1914 score1914 clifty1918 to knock off1919 snoop1924 heist1930 hoist1931 rabbit1943 to rip off1967 to have off1974 a1300 K. Horn (Harl.) 1144 Ȝef eny fyssh is þer inne Þer of þou shalt wynne. 1481 W. Caxton tr. Hist. Reynard Fox (1970) 8 That pudyng was myne; For I hadde wonne it by nyghte in a mylle. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) vii. 88 Schir thomas randale than..the kyngis baner van. c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) cxlii. 527 A ryche shyp, the whiche was wonne vpon the sowdans men. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 4803 The souerain..deuidet Tho godes to his gomes..þat hom wan with woundes before And put hom in perell. 1567 Compend. Bk. Godly Songs (1897) 112 Lyke to ane bird taine in ane net,..Sa is our lyfe weill win away. 1578 J. Rolland Seuin Seages 1 Thay war sa repleit of all riches Win into weiris be martiall besynes. 1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 42 Nocht sa mekle fishe thay with nettis, as with skepis, or long kreilis, win with wickeris in the forme of a hose sa round wouen. 1628 O. Felltham Resolves: 2nd Cent. lxxii. sig. V7 The Spoyles he wanne from Cowards. 1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew To Win, to Steal. 1785 in F. Grose Classical Dict. Vulgar Tongue 1919 Athenæum 8 Aug. 727/2 Everyone will have heard of ‘strafing’ and also ‘souvenir’, the latter usually meaning anything stolen, or ‘won’. †c. figurative. To reclaim (land) as for cultivation. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > reclamation > reclaim [verb (transitive)] ina1387 reclaim1440 improve1523 win1531 mitigate1601 reform1607 stuba1650 regain1652 redeem1671 reduce1726 to bring to1814 to bring in1860 to break in1891 green1967 1531–2 Act 23 Hen. VIII c. 5 §1 Marsshe groundes..wonne and made profitable for the greate common welthe of this Realme. 1541 Reg. Mag. Sig. Scot. 554/1 To win and rife out the saidis landis with the Eisly hillis of the samin. 1573 T. Tusser Fiue Hundreth Points Good Husbandry (new ed.) f. 48^v The Fen & the quamere, so marrish be kinde, & are to be drayned, nowe wine [1577 wyne; later edd. win] to thy minde. †d. Of the sea: To gain on (the land): cf. 10a. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > flood or flooding > flood or overflow [verb (transitive)] > sea encroach on land win1639 to gain on or upon1727 transgress1909 1639 G. Plattes Discov. Subterraneall Treasure xi. 52 The sea..perpetually winning land in one place, and losing in another. e. Cards. (a) (figurative from 2) To be of higher value than, to ‘beat’ (another card, hand, or suit); also intransitive with of (cf. 10a); (b) to gain possession of, take (a trick). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > play a card [verb (transitive)] > actions or tactics > take tricks or points makea1572 win1680 slam1746 society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > card or cards > [verb (transitive)] > be of higher value than win1680 society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > card or cards > [verb (intransitive)] > be of higher value than win1778 1680 C. Cotton Compl. Gamester (ed. 2) vii. 71 He that can win five Tricks of the nine hath a sure Game. 1680 C. Cotton Compl. Gamester (ed. 2) x. 83 A Ten wins a Nine if not Trumps. 1778 Hoyle's Games Impr. 63 A..wins two Tricks... The first Hand wins of the second. 1892 ‘Cavendish’ Game of Bézique 4 The highest card of the suit led wins the trick... Trumps win other suits. 1910 W. Dalton ‘Saturday’ Bridge (rev. ed.) 41 This is an undoubted No Trump call for the dealer, although in itself it will not win many tricks. 6. To get, obtain, acquire; esp. to get as something profitable or desired; to gain, procure. a. with concrete (material) object. Obsolete or archaic except in specific uses: see 7. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > acquisition > obtain or acquire [verb (transitive)] wieldeOE haveeOE ofgoOE oweOE addlec1175 winc1175 avela1200 to come by ——a1225 covera1250 oughtc1275 reachc1275 hentc1300 purchasec1300 to come to ——c1330 getc1330 pickc1330 chevise1340 fang1340 umbracec1350 chacche1362 perceivea1382 accroacha1393 achievea1393 to come at ——a1393 areach1393 recovera1398 encroach?a1400 chevec1400 enquilec1400 obtainc1422 recurec1425 to take upc1425 acquirea1450 encheve1470 sortise1474 conques?a1500 tain1501 report1508 conquest1513 possess1526 compare1532 cough1550 coff1559 fall1568 reap1581 acquist1592 accrue1594 appurchasec1600 recoil1632 to get at ——1666 to come into ——1672 rise1754 net1765 to fall in for1788 to scare up1846 access1953 c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 7890 & ȝiff ȝho wass summ wædle wif. Þatt lamb ne mihhte winnenn. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 6111 & tuss þu mihht te weorelld þing Wiþþ godess lefe winnenn. c1220 Bestiary 411 Ðe rauen is swiðe redi, Weneð ðat ȝe rotieð, And oðre fules hire fallen bi For to winnen fode. c1290 Beket 1439 in S. Eng. Leg. 147 His men he broȝte In seruise heore mete to wynne þere. 1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. v. 237 Al þat I wikkedliche won seþþe I wit hade. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 4376 And leuere me es be pouer and lele, þan falsli to winne catele. c1400 Gamelyn (Corpus MS.) 283 Thus wan Gamely þe Ram and þe Ryng. 1430 Reg. Mag. Sig. Scot. 38/2 The tanehalf of the sayd to be wonnyn fra the sayd Andro be the law. c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 409 If y be riche and haue wunne more good than is necessarie to me. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Luke ix. f. xc For what shall itt avauntage a man, to wyn the whole worlde, yff he loose hym silfe? c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) xx. 136 The inglis men van neuyr na thing at ȝour handis. 1553 T. Becon Relikes of Rome (1563) 247 b Euery winning lefully wonnen in merchaundise. 1563 2nd Tome Homelyes Matrimony ⁋13 He tylleth it [sc. the ground], and so wynneth fruite thereof. 1616 T. Scot Philomythie sig. F5^v Till th'one his topsaile fairely doth aduance To win the wind. 1670 W. Walker Idiomatologia Anglo-Latina 549 I will win the horse, or lose the saddle. 1813 W. Scott Rokeby i. 17 Right English all, they rushed to blows, With nought to win, and all to lose. 1868 W. Morris Earthly Paradise ii. 556 A certain man Who from being poor great riches wan. b. with abstract (immaterial) object, or gen.Still in regular current use in reference to something gained by merit or the like, as confidence, esteem, fame, favour, honour, love, praise, respect, etc.; also with consent, obedience, etc.; to win the (or a) victory, to be victorious (cf. 3); to win one's way, to make or find one's way, ‘get along’, succeed in getting somewhere (also figurative). In other connections ordinarily replaced by gain or obtain. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > acquisition > obtain or acquire [verb (transitive)] > as something desired or advantageous findOE winc1000 betellc1275 getc1330 reapa1350 craftc1350 attainc1374 achievea1393 embrace?c1475 conquer1477 consecute1536 gain1570 lucrify1570 compass1609 raise1611 lucrate1623 reconcile1665 engage1725 to pull off1860 c1000 Passio S. Marg. in Cockayne Narratiunculæ (1861) 49 Eadig eart þu..for þon þe þu wunne reste a oþ ende mid halgum fæmnum. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) Ded. l. 313 To winnenn..Att crist soþ sawle berrhless. 1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 2769 Na mede in heven to wyn. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 20056 Þair beniscun þan bes not wan [Gött., Trin. Cambr. won]. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 17497 If we ne soth said, quat suld we win? For-soth nanoþer thing bot sin. a1400 Coer de L. 1884 The galyes came unto the citie, And had nigh won entrie. ?a1400 Morte Arth. 22 How they whanne..wyrchippis many. c1400 Rom. Rose 2316 In armes also if thou konne, Pursue to thou a name hast wonne. 1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur x. lix. 513 Whanne they wend best to haue wonne worship they loste hit. c1480 (a1400) St. Andrew 560 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 79 Þat þu mycht..of þi cristis lawis blyne, þat þu mycht oure frendschepe vyne. ?a1500 Chester Pl. xii. 91 But ever he wynnes the victory. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Edward IV f. cciii^v To destroy the Realme, and wynne the hatred & malice of all the nacion. 1567 Compend. Bk. Godly Songs (1897) 59 He..spolȝeit Sathan, hell and sin, And heuinlie gloir to vs hes win. 1570 J. Dee in H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Elements Geom. Math. Præf. sig. ☞^v To wyn due and common credit. a1586 Sir P. Sidney tr. Psalmes David (1823) xxxi. v O Lord, of thee, lett me still mercy wynne. 1617 F. Moryson Itinerary ii. 166 In defending this fort [they] woon great reputation by their valour. c1620 A. Hume Of Orthogr. Britan Tongue (1870) i. vii. §8 He snapped me on this hand and he on that, that the doctour had mikle a doe to win me room for a syllogisme. 1757 T. Gray Ode I i. iii, in Odes 7 In gliding state she wins her easy way. 1796 R. Burns in J. Johnson Scots Musical Museum V. 418 Like Fortune's favors, tint as win. 1853 C. Dickens Bleak House xiii. 126 I am glad to have won your confidence. 1866 ‘G. Eliot’ Felix Holt I. i. 41 Winning small triumphs in bargains and personal economies. 1888 J. Bryce Amer. Commonw. II. lxxiii. 596 They failed to win obedience. 1910 A. Lang in Encycl. Brit. X. 135/1 Fairies naturally won their way into the poetry of the middle ages. †c. absol. or intransitive: in early use esp. to get gain, make profit; spec. in Scottish legal use, in such phrases as able to tine or win, i.e. having means sufficient to aim at profit or risk loss. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > management of money > solvency > be solvent [verb (intransitive)] able to tine or win1340 to have (also get) beforehand1526 to keep (also hold, etc.) one's head above water1608 to pay one's way1786 society > trade and finance > management of money > income, revenue, or profit > getting or making money > get or make money [verb (intransitive)] > make profit win1340 to wind the penny1546 vantage1563 to turn a profit1843 to do well out of1857 1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 1457 Now we wyn, now we tyn. 1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. i. 153 Þauȝ ȝe ben trewe of tonge and treweliche winne, And eke as chast as a child. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 19574 To win wit-all he wend it bij. c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Pardoner's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) Prol. l. 133 A moral tale yet I yow telle kan Which I am wont to perche for to wynne. 1414 26 Pol. Poems xiii. 155 Wiþ fiȝt ȝe wynne, wiþ trete ȝe lese. 1421 26 Pol. Poems xviii. 138 Byȝe no thyng to selle and wynne. c1450 Godstow Reg. 159 To wyn or to lese. 1476 Acta Audit. (1839) 47/1 To defend þe said causs of Errour..with ful powere to tyne and wynne. 1609 J. Skene tr. Regiam Majestatem 53 Be his procuratour constitute be him, in his place, to tine or to wone in the cause. 1699 in Rec. Convent. Burghs Scot. (1880) IV. 281 Ane person that..can tin and win in all ther affairs. 7. In various specific uses. †a. To beget: = get v. 25a. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > multiply or reproduce [verb (transitive)] > beget sowc1250 getc1300 begeta1325 engenderc1330 conceivec1350 makea1382 wina1400 fathera1425 rutc1450 tread1594 sirea1616 engraff1864 a1400–50 Wars Alex. 587 Þe twa Þat I wan on myne oþire wyfe þat I wedd first. c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 112 Hit weren not alle on wyuez sunez, wonen with on fader. †b. To get for immediate use, procure; hence, contextually, to fetch, bring (cf. 14c). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > supply > provide or supply (something) [verb (transitive)] > make provision of wina1375 achate1601 a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 2852 Þe werwolf went wiȝtly & whan hem mete & drink. c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 617 I schal wynne yow, wyȝt, of water a lyttel. 1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) v. l. 865 The Scottis wan hors becaus thar awne couth faill. c. To obtain (a woman) as a wife or ‘lady’ by action or effort of some kind: usually with implication of gaining her affection and consent (cf. 9).to win and wear: see wear v.¹ 8b. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > seeking marriage > seek in marriage [verb (transitive)] > gain as wife winc1330 snap1842 c1330 (?a1300) Sir Tristrem (1886) l. 1913 Wiþ þine harp þou wonne hir þat tide. c1374 G. Chaucer Anelida & Arcite 100 Ful mychell besynesse had he or þat he myght his lady wynne. 1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur viii. xxvi. 312 Sythen I am ladyles I wil wyn thy lady. 1578 J. Lyly Euphues f. 30^v After all his strife he [sc. Menelaus] wan but a Strumpet. 1639 J. Clarke Paroemiologia 40 Faint heart never won faire lady. 1668 C. Sedley Mulberry-garden iv. i. 49 There had been More hope of winning a Widow at her Husbands Funeral, then of any favour for her now. 1789 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) I. 491 And let us mind, faint heart ne'er wan A lady fair. 1850 Ld. Tennyson Princess (ed. 3) Prol. 12 Take Lilia, then, for heroine..; and be you The Prince to win her! 1885 ‘Mrs. Alexander’ Valerie's Fate v Valerie, will you let me try to win you? d. To gain by effort or competition, as a prize or reward, or in gaming or betting, as a wager, etc. Also absol.to win one's †shoes, spurs: see shoe n. 2i, spur n.¹ 3a. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > make a success of [verb (transitive)] > win (any contest or prize) > win (a prize, etc.) to bear awayc1325 getc1330 winc1330 to go away with1489 to carry away1565 carry1570 to bear off?1615 to carry off1680 to take out1976 the mind > possession > acquisition > obtain or acquire [verb (transitive)] > obtain or acquire in a certain way > by care or effort > by effort or competition winc1330 gain1548 to carry away1565 to run away with1822 society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > betting > bet on [verb (transitive)] > win winc1330 society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > games of chance > gamble at a game [verb (transitive)] > win winc1330 rake1839 c1330 (?a1300) Sir Tristrem (1886) l. 340 Tristrem wan þat day Of him an hundred pounde. c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 449 Iasan..Whan þe Ram wyþ gilden flees. a1400–50 Wars Alex. 818 Þis renke & his rounsy, þai reche vp a croune, As gome at has þe garland..Wonn. 1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) vii. 169 For to assaye our horses for to wynne the pryce that the kyng hath set vpon. c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) liii. 180 As for the wager that I sholde wyn therby, I am content to relese it quyte. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 172 And wo this wethur shuld wyn bude wirke as I say. c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) vi. 50 Iason van the goldin fleice. 1571 T. Fortescue tr. P. Mexia Foreste 65 Who so wonde [1576 wan] then the price. 1612 B. Jonson Alchemist i. i. sig. B3^v He would haue..a Familiar, To rifle with at horses, and winne cuppes. View more context for this quotation 1621 T. Granger Familiar Expos. Eccles. vii. 7. 166 Our first Parents for an apple lost Paradise, and woon hell. 1645 T. Vane Lost Sheepe 35 Haueing woone the prize in the Pythian games. 1704 J. Norris Ess. Ideal World II. xii. 484 A man would be ridiculous that should go to prove by mere reason, that such a one won the plate at a horse-race. 1836 C. Dickens Sketches by Boz 1st Ser. II. 10 Frank took dummy; and I won sixpence. 1848 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair lxiv. 584 Pupil of the Rev. Mr. Muff,..of whom she won large sums at écarté. 1885 Law Rep.: Weekly Notes 11 July 145/2 The defendant..having won on those bets received the winnings from the persons with whom he had betted. e. To get by labour, to earn (now dialect); †to get as profit, to gain (obsolete). Also absol. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > management of money > income, revenue, or profit > getting or making money > get or make money [verb (transitive)] > earn earneOE fangOE i-earnOE winc1175 getc1300 betravail1393 to knock out1873 to pull downa1902 to knock down1929 pull1937 society > trade and finance > management of money > income, revenue, or profit > getting or making money > get or make money [verb (transitive)] > be profitable to > make in profit winc1175 gain1530 advantage1557 lucre1570 superlucrate1652 cleara1719 realize1720 net1765 to clean up1831 mop1861 gross1884 to cash in1904 c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 10175 Þeȝȝ [sc. publicans]..wunnenn mikell to þe king & mare till hemm sellfenn. 1340–70 Alex. & Dind. 450 Wiþ us schineþ euery schalk in schippus for to saile, For to winne on þe watur wordliche fode. c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 713 He moste perche and wel affyle his tonge To wynne siluer. 1429 Rolls of Parl. IV. 360/2 Yai wil..receive for paiement..nobles,..ye which..yai leede..into oyer straunge Cuntrees, where hit is chaunged to yair encresce, and forged into oyer coygnes, so yat yai wynne in ye alay of ech noble xx d. a1500 Ratis Raving 520 The gudis þat he has with his trew labore wynynge. 1530 in A. Macdonald & J. Dennistoun Misc. Maitland Club (1840) II. 103 Honest and laborius personis abill to wyne thar liffing. 1530 St. German's Secunde Dyaloge Doctour & Student xxxix. f. c^v If a preest haue wonne moche by sayenge of masse. 1623 J. Taylor New Discouery by Sea A 5 I am a Fisherman Who many yeares my liuing thus haue wan. a1653 Z. Boyd Zion's Flowers (1855) 54 Win little and win oft..Makes merchands rich. 1724 A. Ramsay Tea-table Misc. (1733) I. 87 Wi' cauk and keel I'll win your bread. 1820 W. Scott tr. Noble Moringer in Edinb. Ann. Reg. 1816 9 ii. p. ccccxcviii Of him I held this little mill, which wins me living free. 1823 W. Scott Quentin Durward II. iv. 90 Every one wins his bread in this country. 1893 J. K. Snowden Tales Yorks. Wolds 188 Then Aw can win summat, cannot Aw? f. To get, gather (crops or other produce); to gather in, harvest. Now dialect. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > harvesting > harvest (a crop) [verb (transitive)] gatherc950 getc1250 harvestc1400 in?1407 win1487 ingatherc1575 crop1602 enda1616 to get in1699 to get up1764 secure1842 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) x. 219 To vyn thair harvist. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) x. 193 Thai of the peill had vonnyn hay. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) x. 189 Syndri cornys that thai bair Woxe rype to wyn to mannys fude. 1491 in Acts Lords of Council Civil Causes (1839) I. 205/2 The cornez..sall be led and wonnyne..and stakkit. 15.. Battle of Otterburn i Yt fell abowght the Lamasse tyde, Whan husbondes wynnes ther haye. 1565 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1877) 1st Ser. I. 402 The cornis..ar nocht sa weill win as neid wer. a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 30 [They] micht nocht saw nor wine thair cornis. 1683 J. Reid Scots Gard'ner (1907) 137 Peas..When ripe, you may easily win some for seed. a1690 D. Monro Descr. W. Isles (1961) 87 The place quhair he wynis his peittis this zier thair he sawis his beir the next zeir. a1791 F. Grose Olio (1792) 110 W. He is gone to the field to his workmen. C. Hey. W. Just so; to try to win his hay. 1834 R. Southey Doctor I. 81 If they had fine weather for winning their hay or shearing their corn, they thanked God for it. 1891 A. Lang Angling Sketches 101 On a hillside..the countryfolk were winning their hay. g. To get or extract (coal, stone, or other mineral) from the mine, pit, or quarry; also, to sink a shaft or make an excavation so as to reach (a seam of coal or vein of ore) and prepare it for working, as by drainage, etc. (cf. 11). See also winning n.¹ 5. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > quarrying > quarry (stone, etc.) [verb (transitive)] workOE win1447 quarry1690 society > occupation and work > industry > mining > mine [verb (transitive)] minea1398 win1447 to work out1545 broach1582 labour1897 society > occupation and work > industry > mining > mine [verb (transitive)] > obtain (metals, minerals, etc.) by mining win1447 mine1781 exploit1868 society > occupation and work > industry > mining > mine [verb (transitive)] > excavate or sink a shaft or tunnel > in order to reach seam or vein win1708 1447 in Reg. Mag. Sig. Scot. 1451 106/1 With lefe..for to wyn colis and stanis within the saide landis. 1456–70 in Acts Parl. Scotl. (1875) XII. 27/2 Becaus of his colys and fuell..to be woung in tyme of ȝeir. 1497 in T. Dickson Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1877) I. 380 The man that ȝeid to vesy to se gif he could wyn sclait. 1509 Reg. Privy Seal Scot. I. 284/1 Fredome to wyn and fyne lede ure within the ilis. 1614 in Cochran-Patrick Early Rec. Mining Scot. (1878) 163 The minerallis..to be wroght and wynn at the saidis mynes. 1630 in J. D. Marwick Extracts Rec. Burgh Glasgow (1876) I. 374 To won alsmony lymstanes in the lyme craig at the Channown mos as he can. 1648 Burgh Rec. Glasgow (1876) II. 132 Alsmanie stones to be..win as may serve the building of the midwall. 1648 Burgh Rec. Glasgow (1876) II. 151 To the end alse manie staines may be wind furthe therof as [etc.]. 1708 J. C. Compl. Collier 1 in T. Nourse Mistery of Husbandry Discover'd (ed. 3) You tell me you have hopes to win a Colliery in my Grounds. 1725 Rep. MSS. Dk. Portland VI. (Hist. MSS. Comm. 1901) 106 When they have sunk it [sc. the pit] till they come at the bed of coals, they are then said to have won the colliery. 1789 J. Williams Nat. Hist. Mineral Kingdom I. 168 Coals are so far wasted near water carriage in the neighbourhood of Newcastle, that they are become already very difficult and expensive to winn. 1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 968 Of fitting or winning a coal-field. 1870 Law Rep.: Chancery Appeal Cases 5 111 I conceive that the coal is won when it is put in a state in which continuous working can go forward in the ordinary way. 1885 Law Times 79 153/2 The trustees..had power to win the minerals lying under their land. 1886 J. Barrowman Gloss. Sc. Mining Terms 73 A seam is said to be won when a pit is sunk, or a mine driven to it, and the pit or mine is said to win all to the rise of the level. †h. To gain (ground) upon (of); to gain (time). ΘΚΠ the world > time > a suitable time or opportunity > untimeliness > delay or postponement > delay [verb (transitive)] > gain time winc1460 c1460 (?c1400) Tale of Beryn l. 2384 Beryn..gan to turn a-side, on-to þe see stronde, And the cripill aftir, & wan oppon hym londe. ?1473 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Recuyell Hist. Troye (1894) I. lf. 114^v We muste nedes wynne vpon Amphitrion on this way a nyght and a day. a1500 (?a1400) Sir Torrent of Portyngale (1887) l. 656 Thus erthe on hym he wane. 1577 R. Holinshed Hist. Eng. 131/1 in Chron. I They dayly wanne grounde vpon the Brytons. a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) iii. iv. 109. a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) ii. iv. 9 Your way is shorter,..you'le win two dayes vpon me. View more context for this quotation 1717 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad III. x. 409 Yet let him pass, and win a little Space. †8. To regain, recover (something lost); hence, to make up for (loss, waste); to rescue, deliver; in religious use, to redeem: often with again. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > amending > put right [verb (transitive)] > put right (a wrong or loss) winc1220 righta1275 astorec1300 addressa1325 reform1405 dressc1410 redressa1413 arightc1420 refound1497 richa1500 redub1531 repair1533 to make good1569 reducec1592 remend1592 to set up1610 to get up1688 the world > action or operation > safety > rescue or deliverance > rescue or deliver (from) [verb (transitive)] areddec885 leeseOE reddOE winc1220 deliver?c1225 ridc1225 quita1250 betellc1275 casta1300 to cast outa1300 liverc1330 rescuec1330 wrechec1330 borrowc1350 to put out of ——c1350 to bring awaya1400 redea1400 wreakc1400 rescourec1425 rescousa1450 savec1480 relue1483 salue1484 redeem1488 recovera1500 redressa1500 eschewc1500 rescours1511 to pull (also snatch) out of the fire1526 recourse1533 withtakec1540 redeem1549 vindicate1568 retire1578 repair1591 reprieve1605 to bring off1609 the mind > possession > acquisition > obtain or acquire [verb (transitive)] > something lost winc1220 society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > salvation, redemption > save, redeem [verb (transitive)] aleseOE abyeOE buyc1175 washc1175 winc1220 salvea1225 savec1225 forbuyc1315 ransomc1350 signc1350 again-buya1382 forechoosea1400 gain-buy1435 redeemc1438 pre-elect1561 sa'1604 electa1617 unsina1631 the mind > possession > acquisition > obtain or acquire [verb (transitive)] > again or back acovera1225 covera1300 gain-covera1300 to get againc1380 recovera1387 becoverc1400 recounsel?a1425 recurea1425 win1489 redeem1526 readept1537 rehave1541 recuperate1542 regain1548 reobtain1579 retire1584 reget1585 to get back1587 retrieve1589 reprise1590 reprocure1590 reattain1595 relieve1596 recompassc1604 reacquire1627 reacquist1635 recruit1656 c1220 Bestiary 768 Ful wel he taunede his luue to man Wan he ðurȝ holi spel him wan. 1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. v. 25 He bad wastors go worche what þei best couþe, And wynne þat þei wasteden [1377 B. v. 25 wynnen his wastyng]. c1380 in Pol. Poems (Rolls) I. 264 By God, that al this world wan. c1400 Rule St. Benet (verse) 1306 How a hird-man A febil schepe warest & wane. c1440 York Myst. xi. 405 Now ar we wonne fra waa, and saued oute of þe see. 1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) ii. 111 Throw hym I trow my land to wyn, Magre the Clyffurd and his kyn. 1530 Myroure Oure Ladye (Fawkes) (1873) ii. 253 Saye we endelesse thankes to god that hathe wonne vs ageyne. a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1546) sig. F.vij The losse of the father by euyll children, is wonne by vertuouse sonnes in lawe. 1562 in F. J. Furnivall Child-marriages, Divorces, & Ratifications Diocese Chester (1897) 14 To wyne all the tenement together againe. 1567 Compend. Bk. Godly Songs (1897) 18 Giue thow thy self thy saull culd win, In vaine I deit for thy sin. 1567 Compend. Bk. Godly Songs (1897) 39 He was loste, and now is win. 1633 P. Fletcher Purple Island v. lxi. 62 Thus Orpheus wanne his lost Eurydice. 9. a. To overcome the unwillingness or indifference of; with various shades of meaning: to attract, allure, entice; to prevail upon, persuade, induce; to gain the affection or allegiance of; to bring over to one's side, party, or cause, to convert. Also absol. or intransitive (see also winning adj. 3).Some of the applications are now more usual with the constructions illustrated in b. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > motivation > attraction, allurement, or enticement > attract, allure, or entice [verb (transitive)] teec888 tightc1000 drawc1175 tollc1220 till?c1225 ticec1275 bringc1300 entice1303 win1303 wina1340 tempt1340 misdrawa1382 wooa1387 lure1393 trainc1425 allurea1450 attract?a1475 lock1481 enlure1486 attice1490 allect1518 illect?1529 wind1538 disarm1553 call1564 troll1565 embait1567 alliciate1568 slock1594 enamour1600 court1602 inescate1602 fool1620 illure1638 magnetize1658 trepana1661 solicit1665 whistle1665 drill1669 inveigh1670 siren1690 allicit1724 wisea1810 come-hither1954 the mind > will > motivation > persuasion > persuade (a person) [verb (transitive)] > persuade or prevail upon wina1340 persuadec1450 to prevail withc1450 prevail1466 train1549 overswaya1586 oppugn1596 overrulea1616 reach1637 to prevail upon1656 to gain upon1790 convince1958 a1340 R. Rolle Psalter vii. 2 Þe deuel þat sekis how he myght wynn mennys saule. a1425 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Galba) l. 28000 If þou..wowid hir with wordes sleghe,..And þar-thurgh so has won hir will. 1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) ii. iv. 51 They wynne wyth yeftes the hertes of the goddes and of men. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Prov. xi. D A wyse man also wynneth mens soules. 1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde iii. i. f. 93^v Meanyng hereby too woonne the myndes of the other kynges. 1567 J. Jewel Def. Apol. Churche Eng. 417 The Embassadoure of so Noble a Common Wealthe, was soone, and easily, and willingly woonne. 1576 T. Fortescue tr. P. Mexia Foreste (ed. 2) 141 He wun the harts of the Citisens. 1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie iii. xix. 173 His wealth wan many friends. a1616 W. Shakespeare Two Gentlemen of Verona (1623) iii. i. 89 Win her with gifts, if she respect not words. View more context for this quotation 1629 W. Mure True Crucifixe 592 Hee..With this soft speech..Doth wound, not wonne, the traytor's heart of stone. 1653 R. Austen Treat. Fruit-trees 33 The worst temper of minds are wonne. 1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 269 How far..a Graceful Mein, and Innocent Discourse, wins among more refined Christians. 1785 W. Cowper Task iv. 694 Slighted as it is,..the country wins me still. 1872 Ld. Tennyson Last Tournament in Gareth & Lynette 133 For courtesy wins woman all as well As valour may. 1874 H. W. Longfellow Hanging of Crane iii The ways that win, the arts that please. 1914 Tollinton Clement of Alex. I. vii. 236 The missionary goes to win and to save souls. b. with adverb or prep. (away, over; from, to, etc.). ΘΚΠ the mind > will > motivation > attraction, allurement, or enticement > attract, allure, or entice [verb (transitive)] teec888 tightc1000 drawc1175 tollc1220 till?c1225 ticec1275 bringc1300 entice1303 win1303 wina1340 tempt1340 misdrawa1382 wooa1387 lure1393 trainc1425 allurea1450 attract?a1475 lock1481 enlure1486 attice1490 allect1518 illect?1529 wind1538 disarm1553 call1564 troll1565 embait1567 alliciate1568 slock1594 enamour1600 court1602 inescate1602 fool1620 illure1638 magnetize1658 trepana1661 solicit1665 whistle1665 drill1669 inveigh1670 siren1690 allicit1724 wisea1810 come-hither1954 1303 R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne 6606 Ȝyf þou to drunkenes wldest hym wynne. c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Physician's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 132 Þ^t he by slyghte This mayden to his purpos wynne myghte. ?c1450 in G. J. Aungier Hist. & Antiq. Syon Monastery (1840) 269 The presidente..in as moche as in her is..owethe to wynne al to God. c1480 (a1400) St. Barnabas 128 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 252 Paule to þe treutht wonnyn was. 1542 N. Udall in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eminent Lit. Men (1843) 5 Thei have thereby woonne to goodnes innumerable persons. 1594 in A. Macdonald & J. Dennistoun Misc. Maitland Club (1833) I. 67 That the said ladie may be winn to God. 1603 S. Daniel Def. Ryme Pref., in Panegyrike sig. A2 To hold him from being wonne from vs. 1632 R. Sanderson 12 Serm. iv. 407 If our Inclinations cannot be wonne over to that course. 1637 G. Gillespie Dispute against Eng.-Popish Ceremonies iii. viii. 187 He is already winne to repentance. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica i. iii. 11 The Priests of Elder time..winning their credulities unto the literall and downe-right adorement of Cats, Lizards, and Beetles. View more context for this quotation 1662 in Extracts State Papers (Friends' Hist. Soc.) (1911) 2nd Ser. 151 All the Acts of a most gracious Prince..can not winne them..from these..rebellious Courses. 1761 F. Sheridan Mem. Miss Sidney Bidulph II. 124 She has won me to her party. 1813 J. Austen Pride & Prejudice I. xi. 121 She could not win him, however, to any conversation. View more context for this quotation 1821 W. Scott Kenilworth II. xii. 311 She can sing and play o' the lute, would win the fish out o' the stream. 1882 J. H. Blunt Reformation Church of Eng. II. 205 To win her over to an ultramontane policy. c. with to and infinitive. archaic. ΚΠ 1540 J. Palsgrave tr. G. Gnapheus Comedye of Acolastus ii. ii. sig. Iiv^v How moch Philautus..hath wonne me holely..to be his. 1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 323 Thay conspyre, and winnis him with money quyetlie to putt doune the king. a1616 W. Shakespeare Two Gentlemen of Verona (1623) iii. i. 67. 1640 T. Carew Poems 29 No teares, Celia, now shall win, My resolv'd heart, to returne. 1664 in F. P. Verney & M. M. Verney Mem. Verney Family 17th Cent. (1907) II. 210 So much fre kindnes as wold winn any creture to admier it. 1725 W. Broome in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey III. xii. 53 Unblest the man, whom music wins to stay Nigh the curst shore. 1812 J. Wilson Isle of Palms ii. 17 Gleam'st thou, as if delighted with the strain, And won by it the pious bark to keep In joy for ever? 10. intransitive with upon, on, †of. †a. To gain an advantage over, get the better of; to gain or encroach upon; rarely, to overcome, subdue. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > mastery or superiority > have or gain mastery or superiority over [verb (transitive)] overcomeeOE forecomec1000 overwieldlOE masterc1225 overmaistrie1340 overmatcha1375 overpassa1382 surmount1390 to have the fairer (of)c1400 maistriec1400 overmasterc1425 winc1440 overc1485 bestride1526 rixlec1540 overreach1555 control1567 overmate1567 govern1593 to give (a person) the lurch1598 get1600 to gain cope of1614 top1633 to fetch overa1640 down1641 to have the whip hand (of)1680 carberry1692 to cut down1713 to be more than a match for1762 outflank1773 outmaster1799 outgeneral1831 weather1834 best1839 fore-reach1845 to beat a person at his (also her, etc.) own game1849 scoop1850 euchrec1866 bemaster1871 negotiate1888 to do down1900 to get (someone) wetc1926 lick1946 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement over, across, through, or past > [verb (transitive)] > move beyond > encroach physically winc1440 encroach1578 usurp1635 to usurp on or upona1658 to eat outa1716 infringe1769 c1440 Pallad. on Husb. iii. 4 As Luna gynneth wexe & wynne Vppon the nyght. 1590 in Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS: Var. Coll. (1907) IV. 284 Where the sea dailie wynnethe of the land againste this Towne. 1609 W. Shakespeare Sonnets lxiv. sig. E2 When I haue seene the hungry Ocean gaine Aduantage on the Kingdome of the shoare, And the firme soile win of the watry maine. View more context for this quotation 1613 J. Hayward Liues III. Normans 21 Henry..did many other times..inuade his Countrey; sometimes with purpose to winne vpon him, and sometimes to keepe him from winning vpon others. a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) i. i. 218 The rabble..will in time Win vpon power. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) i. i. 122 So in our trifles I still winne of you. View more context for this quotation 1685 J. Dryden Threnodia Augustalis iv. 8 Thus, at half Ebb, a rowling Sea Returns and wins upon the shoar. 1754 J. Shebbeare Marriage Act II. xlv. 38 This young Gentleman used every Art..to win on the Resentment which the Baronet had entertained against him. 1791 A. Radcliffe Romance of Forest I. iv. 119 So much did passion win upon her judgement, by time and indulgence. b. To gain influence over, to prevail with (often implying ‘to gain increasing influence over, to prevail more and more with’); to gain the favour or engage the affections of (esp. gradually or increasingly). Also with affection, esteem, regard, or the like as object. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > favour > win favour with [verb (transitive)] court1590 demerit1597 win1616 to gain on or upon1640 the mind > emotion > love > loved one > gain the favour or engage the affections of [verb (intransitive)] win1616 society > authority > power > influence > have influence [verb (intransitive)] > succeed in influencing win1616 to work the oracle1823 1616 B. Jonson Poëtaster (rev. ed.) To Rdr., in Wks. I. 350 I at last..Thought, I would try, if shame could winne vpon 'hem. a1640 J. Fletcher & P. Massinger Custome of Countrey ii. ii, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Aa4/1 The courage they exprest..And the contempt of death wan more upon me Then all they did. a1665 K. Digby Private Mem. (1827) 205 Her excessive beauty and gracefulness did so win upon his senses. 1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones V. xiv. viii. 183 By the Force of the true Catholic Faith, St. Anthony won upon the Fishes. View more context for this quotation 1755 J. Shebbeare Lydia (1769) I. 438 The pleasing countenance of Lydia won on this woman's opinion. 1796 S. T. Coleridge Let. to T. Poole 24 Sept. Charles Lloyd wins upon me hourly. 1842 C. Dickens Amer. Notes II. x. 288 I never was so won upon, as by this class. 1884 R. W. Church Bacon vi. 124 He had won greatly on the confidence of the King. †c. To prevail upon (to do something). Obsolete. ΚΠ 1674 N. Fairfax Treat. Bulk & Selvedge 183 As some of the uppermost seat of Philosophers..have themselves thought, and wonne upon others to think so too. 1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 217 I was easily won upon to embark on the Scipio African. 1802 H. Martin Helen of Glenross II. 217 Who shall I win upon to aid me in my future views? 11. a. transitive. To reach, attain, arrive at: = gain v.² 7; occasionally to get at, get hold of (an object); to overtake (a person); to be in time for, ‘catch’. archaic. ΘΚΠ society > travel > aspects of travel > arrival > arrive at or reach [verb (transitive)] to come toOE reachOE hita1075 ofreachlOE catchc1330 latchc1330 recovera1375 getc1390 henta1393 win?1473 fetch1589 to fetch up1589 obtain1589 attainc1592 make1610 gaina1616 arrive1647 advene1684 strike1798 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement towards a thing, person, or position > reaching a point or place > reach (a point or place) [verb (transitive)] areach1014 reachOE ofreachlOE overtakec1225 catchc1330 acomec1350 touchc1384 getc1390 to come at ——a1393 henta1393 overreacha1400 win?1473 aspire1581 obtain1589 attainc1592 make1610 gaina1616 acquire1665 advene1684 the world > movement > rate of motion > move at specific rate [verb (transitive)] > gain (ground) upon > catch up or overtake betakea1000 oftakelOE overtakec1225 ofgoc1300 under-get1390 attain1393 overget?a1400 overgoc1425 gaincopec1440 overhiec1440 overhalec1540 overcatch1570 overhent1590 win1596 to grow on or upon1603 catcha1616 to fetch up1622 to fetch of, upon1659 overhaul1793 to meet up with1837 to catch up1838 to get past1857 the world > time > a suitable time or opportunity > provide occasion or opportunity [verb (transitive)] > take an opportunity findOE employ?1473 sort1592 win1821 ?1473 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Recuyell Hist. Troye (1894) I. lf. 105 Yf he had not wonne a roche vpon whiche he gate vp with grete payne. a1500 R. Henryson tr. Æsop Fables: Fox, Wolf, & Cadger l. 2087 in Poems (1981) 80 Bot all for nocht, he wan his hoill that day. 1517 R. Torkington Oldest Diarie Englysshe Trav. (1884) 61 The wynde enforcyd So myche.., that our governor Saw it was not possible for to wyne the porte. 1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene vi. i. sig. Z6^v But Calidore did follow him so fast, That euen in the Porch he him did win . View more context for this quotation 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Pastorals viii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 37 Then scarce the bending Branches I cou'd win [L. Iam fragilis poteram ab terra contingere ramos]. 1768 A. Ross Fortunate Shepherdess i. 58 Yet wi' what pith she had, she takes the gate, An' wan the burn. 1808 W. Scott Marmion iii. i. 134 The stony path began, By which the naked peak they wan. 1821 J. Hodgson in J. Raine Mem. J. Hodgson (1857) I. 339 Having got your letter late in the day, I am compelled to be brief to win the post. 1842 T. B. Macaulay Horatius in Lays Anc. Rome 57 And if they once may win the bridge, What hope to save the town? 1848 D. G. Rossetti Last Confession in Poems 253 As when a bird flies low Between the water and the willow-leaves, And the shade quivers till he wins the light. 1892 H. R. Haggard Nada the Lily xxv The Halakazi were worsted in the field, but many lived to win the great cave. †b. To get across, to cross; to get through, accomplish. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement over, across, through, or past > [verb (transitive)] > through or over obstacles win1426 take1487 oversetc1540 strain1761 the world > action or operation > completing > complete (an action or piece of work) [verb (transitive)] to make an endc893 afilleOE endc975 fullOE full-doOE full-workOE fullendOE fullfremeOE full-forthlOE fillc1175 fulfilc1300 complec1315 asum1340 full-make1340 performa1382 finisha1400 accomplishc1405 cheve1426 upwindc1440 perfurnish?c1450 sumc1450 perimplish1468 explete?a1475 fullcome1477 consume1483 consomme1489 perimplenish1499 perfect1512 perfinish1523 complete1530 consummate1530 do1549 to run out1553 perfectionate1570 win1573 outwork1590 to bring about1598 exedifya1617 to do up1654 ratifyc1720 ultimate1849 terminate1857 1426 J. Lydgate tr. G. de Guileville Pilgrimage Life Man 903 To chyldre that be yonge of age, And offter han thys ryver wonne Than folk that ben on age ronne. 1573 T. Tusser Fiue Hundreth Points Good Husbandry (new ed.) f. 43^v Thry fallowing wonne, get compassing donne. 1597 A. Montgomerie Cherrie & Slae 631 Bot gif we get our voyage won. 12. a. (a) intransitive. To make or find one's way; also in weakened sense, to arrive at or come to some place, etc.; in early use often a mere synonym of ‘come’ or ‘go’: = get v. 26b. With various prepositions and adverbs, sometimes in specialized senses: cf. corresponding uses of get s.v. get v. Phrasal verbs 2, Phrasal verbs 1. Formerly chiefly Scottish and northern dialect.This use depends on that of Old Norse vinna. ΘΚΠ society > travel > aspects of travel > arrival > arrive [verb (intransitive)] to come toOE comeOE yworthOE lend11.. lightc1225 overtakec1225 redea1275 wina1300 'rivec1300 repaira1325 applyc1384 to come ina1399 arrivec1400 attainc1400 alightc1405 to come to handc1450 unto-comec1450 apport1578 to get through1589 reach1591 to be along1597 land1679 engage1686 to get in1863 to breeze in1930 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement towards a thing, person, or position > reaching a point or place > reach a point or place [verb (intransitive)] > arrive comeOE to come to townOE yworthOE lend11.. lightc1225 to come anovenonc1275 wina1300 'rivec1300 repaira1325 applyc1384 to come ina1399 rede?a1400 arrivec1400 attainc1400 alightc1405 to come to handc1450 unto-comec1450 apport1578 to be along1597 to drop in1609 to come ona1635 to walk in1656 land1679 engage1686 to come along1734 to get in1863 to turn up1870 to fall in1900 to lob1916 to roll up1920 to breeze in1930 to rock up1975 a1300 Cursor Mundi 996 A firin wall þar es a-bute, Mai nan win in þat es wit-oute. a1300 Cursor Mundi 2499 Þe fiue gaue bak to wine a-way. c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 8457 Vneþes to Gloucestre y wan. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 10592 Quils þai locked þam biside Sco was won to þe heist stride. a1400–50 Wars Alex. 3438 Sen I wan in-to þe werld. c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 461 Neuermore þen þay wyste fram queþen he watȝ wonnen. c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 1777 Þay..Lyfte laddres..& vpon lofte wonen. c1450 Cov. Myst., Purification 43 To jherusalem ffast now wynne. a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sloane) (1862) 19 And cover hit þat no hete oute wynne. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xv. 221 Thai..slow all that thai mycht to vyn. 1508 W. Kennedy Flyting (Chepman & Myllar) in Poems W. Dunbar (1998) I. 214 Thou may not pas Mount Barnard for wilde bestis, Nor wyn throu Mount Scarpre for the snawe. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 649 Bes wakond and warly; wyn to my chamber. 1541 T. Wyatt Declar. in K. Muir Life & Lett. (1963) 182 This mythought was so gladsome vnto me to wyne to the kinge..that all my pollyces..was cleane forgotten with me. 1572 (a1500) Taill of Rauf Coilȝear (1882) 627 Say thow art not worthy to Wymond to win. 1585 Reg. Privy Council Scott. 1st Ser. III. 743 He at last wan to his said hous. 1643 in Z. Boyd Zion's Flowers (1855) App. p. xli/2 That none win to the Sessions loft till the Sessioners be placed. 1652 Earl of Monmouth tr. G. Bentivoglio Hist. Relations Flanders 10 Full of channels and rivers, and very hard to be wonn into. 1717 R. Wodrow Corr. (1843) II. 262 I hope to win off beginning of next week. 1724 E. Erskine Serm. in Wks. (1791) 120 Christ is in heaven, how shall I win at him? 1813 Ld. Byron Bride Abydos ii. xxv. 551 Had Selim won..To where the strand and billows met. 1816 W. Scott Antiquary I. xv. 335 And how am I to win hame? 1816 W. Scott Old Mortality xi, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. IV. 248 Whiles the tear wan into my e'e. 1829 J. Hogg Shepherd's Cal. I. i. 3 I canna won sae weel through the snaw. 1865 G. MacDonald Alec Forbes I. xii. 90 Whan I was na bigger than you, Annie, I could win oot at a less hole than that. 1892 R. Kipling Barrack-room Ballads 23 The Colonel's son to the Fort has won. 1893 R. L. Stevenson Catriona xv. 174 When we won in by the pier. 1923 E. Thompson Hist. Eng. xlvi. 437 The Germans never won through to the Channel ports. (b) to win up: to get up; to get up on one's feet, to rise; to get on horseback, mount. So to win upon. ΘΚΠ society > travel > transport > riding on horse (or other animal) > ride (a horse or other animal) [verb (transitive)] > mount (a horse or other animal) to win upona1400 worthc1400 takea1438 mountc1540 to get upon ——1561 to get on ——1572 back1594 the world > space > relative position > posture > action of standing up or rising > rise or be standing [verb (intransitive)] > rise arisec1000 astandOE standOE to stand upOE risec1175 risec1175 runge?c1225 uprisea1300 upstanda1300 buskc1390 to fare upa1400 to get upa1400 to win upona1400 dress1490 upget1582 up1635 raise1884 a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 15760 Þai fell þaim don vn-to þe grund,..all vp þai siþen wan. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) x. 435 His menȝhe all War wonnyn vp apon the wall. a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xxiii. 290 And wyn apon youre palfray sone. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 1165 Iason..and Ioly knightes moo,..Wonen vp wynly vppon wale horses. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 13938 Whan he wackont of wo, he wan vpo fote. c1802 Jellen Grame in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1886) II. iv. 303/2 ‘Win up, my bonny boy,’ he says, ‘As quick as e'er you may.’ 1868 W. Morris Earthly Paradise Prol. 41 And now we set ourselves in haste to win Up to that mountain's top. 1893 R. L. Stevenson Catriona xxx. 359 Just let me win upon my horse! b. absol. without preposition or adverb: To get to the place implied (Scottish and dialect); to come, go. ΘΚΠ society > travel > [verb (intransitive)] nimeOE becomec885 teec888 goeOE i-goc900 lithec900 wendeOE i-farec950 yongc950 to wend one's streetOE fare971 i-wende971 shakeOE winda1000 meteOE wendOE strikec1175 seekc1200 wevec1200 drawa1225 stira1225 glidea1275 kenc1275 movec1275 teemc1275 tightc1275 till1297 chevec1300 strake13.. travelc1300 choosec1320 to choose one's gatea1325 journeyc1330 reachc1330 repairc1330 wisec1330 cairc1340 covera1375 dressa1375 passa1375 tenda1375 puta1382 proceedc1392 doa1400 fanda1400 haunta1400 snya1400 take?a1400 thrilla1400 trace?a1400 trinea1400 fangc1400 to make (also have) resortc1425 to make one's repair (to)c1425 resort1429 ayrec1440 havea1450 speer?c1450 rokec1475 wina1500 hent1508 persevere?1521 pursuec1540 rechec1540 yede1563 bing1567 march1568 to go one's ways1581 groyl1582 yode1587 sally1590 track1590 way1596 frame1609 trickle1629 recur1654 wag1684 fadge1694 haul1802 hike1809 to get around1849 riddle1856 bat1867 biff1923 truck1925 society > travel > aspects of travel > arrival > arrive [verb (intransitive)] > get to the place implied wina1500 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement towards a thing, person, or position > reaching a point or place > reach a point or place [verb (intransitive)] > get to the place implied wina1500 a1500 (?c1400) Sir Triamour (Cambr.) (1937) l. 216 Bettyr hyt ys..Owt of yowre londe sche be flemyd..And faste ye schall hur comawnde to wynne. c1650 J. Spalding Memorialls Trubles Scotl. & Eng. (1850) I. 143 The Marquess wreit bak his excuse, saying he could not win. 1894 P. H. Hunter James Inwick v. 70 There was a by-ordinar congregation that day; a'body that could win was there. †c. In static sense: To ‘come’, reach. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > extension in space > extend in space [verb (intransitive)] bredeOE comeOE ylasta1175 drawc1180 areachc1225 lastc1275 tillc1290 durea1300 reachc1330 spreada1400 halec1400 reignc1400 splatec1440 extend1481 endure1523 span1535 discoursea1547 wina1578 distend1581 intend1594 sweep1789 outlie1876 a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 258 Reid ȝallow hair..quhilk wan doune to his schoulderis. d. In reference to a desired end, a condition, experience, proceeding, etc.: with various prepositions and adverbs, often in specialized senses: = get v. 26b(b) and various uses in VI and VII (see also below). Formerly chiefly Scottish and northern dialect. win by… (by prep. 16b), to escape, avoid. †win of eld, to ‘come of age’. win out, to come out successfully, succeed in attaining one's end; (without of, originally U.S.; cf. to lose out at lose v.¹ 4d). win through, to come out successfully. win to, to begin eating, ‘set to’, ‘fall to’ (= to get to at get v. Phrasal verbs 1). ΘΚΠ the world > movement > rate of motion > move at specific rate [verb (transitive)] > gain (ground) upon wina1300 to gain on or upon1719 to gain ground upon1816 to pick up1908 the world > people > person > adult > be adult [verb (intransitive)] > become adult win of elda1300 throc1325 to grow up1535 discradle1634 to run up1713 mature1844 majorize1896 the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > succeed or be a success [verb (intransitive)] > achieve success (of persons) > succeed in doing anything > succeed under difficulties win through1644 to come through1708 to pull through1830 pull1856 to fetch through1912 to hack it1936 the world > action or operation > safety > escape > escape from [verb (transitive)] > contrive to escape or evade fleec1175 shunc1275 forgoc1305 passc1330 escapea1340 beglidea1350 voidc1380 shuntc1400 missa1522 evade1535 delude1536 to dally out1548 illude1553 prevent1598 outruna1616 to fail of1624 elude1634 subterfugea1643 shoot1685 shift1724 to get out of ——a1817 win by…1816 the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > eating > eat [verb (intransitive)] > begin to eat to fall aboard1498 to fall to1577 to stand toa1616 win to1816 to get to1827 to dig in1912 the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > succeed or be a success [verb (intransitive)] > achieve success (of persons) speed993 achievec1300 escheve?a1400 succeed1509 to turn up trumps1595 fadge1611 to nick ita1637 to hit the mark (also nail, needle, pin)1655 to get on1768 to reap, win one's laurels1819 to go a long way1859 win out1861 score1882 to make it1885 to make a ten-strike1887 to make the grade1912 to make good1914 to bring home the bacon1924 to go places1931 a1300 Cursor Mundi 25363 Oft þe men þat er rightwis Thoru faanding win þai to þair pris. c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 174 Til þat she mowe winan of helde. 13.. Northern Passion (1913) I. 153/330* He hopid forto win fra wogh. a1400–50 Wars Alex. 3986 Quen he wan to wax.., Thre cubettis fra þe croune doun his cors had a lenghte. c1440 Pallad. on Husb. v. 67 The growyng of hem into oon heed wole wynne. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 9212 He his wit cast, For to wyn to his will. 1597 A. Montgomerie Cherrie & Slae 266 Aye houping, throwe louping, to win to libertie. c1635 S. Rutherford Lett. (1675) iii. xxiv. 190 I look not to win away to my home, without wounds and blood. 1644 R. Baillie Let. 23 July (1841) II. 211 There is so much matter yet before us, as we cannot winn through for a long time after our common pace. a1693 M. Bruce Soul-confirmation (1709) 15 Soul-confirmation..is not easilie wone at;..you that keeps only your old Job-troot,..you will not wone at Soul-confirmation. 1720 A. Ramsay Poems 350 The Man wha cou'd sic Rubs win o'er. 1816 W. Scott Old Mortality i, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. III. 9 We got some water-broo and bannocks, and mony a weary grace they said,..or they wad let me win to. 1816 W. Scott Old Mortality vi, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. IV. 123 The job is how we are to win by hanging. 1861 D. G. Rossetti tr. Dante Vita Nuova in Early Ital. Poets ii. 293 The anguish..that we must bow Beneath, until we win out of this life. 1868 J. C. Atkinson Gloss. Cleveland Dial. 575 He's sair an' badly. But t'doctor thinks he'll win thruff. 1896 Voice 9 Apr. 4/5 McKinley will lead on the first ballot, but ‘who will win out’ is a different question. 1902 R. Kipling Traffics & Discov. (1904) 7 But on delusions—as to their winning out next Tuesday week at 9 a.m.—they are—if I may say so—quite British. 1919 M. Beerbohm Seven Men 103 I wish he could have won out, as I did, into a great and lasting felicity. 1924 J. Galsworthy Forest iii. 78 You, Lockyer—a soldier! One spurt and we'll win out. Come! 1927 Daily Express 14 Dec. 13/5 It is good to know that Wodehouse's clever humour has won through. 1931 A. L. Rowse Politics & Younger Generation i. 262 If the League can manage to win through the divisions of the post-war world,..it will have established itself. 1947 ‘G. Orwell’ Eng. People 38 The American tendency is to burden every verb with a preposition that adds nothing to its meaning (win out, lose out, face up to, etc.). 1959 Listener 28 May 958/1 He made many enemies, but finally won through opposition to become one of the most controversial commanders of the last war. 1969 A. J. Meadows High Firmament vii. 160 Eventually, the uniformitarian concept won out in both astronomy and geology. 1974 ‘M. Innes’ Appleby's Other Story i. 7 Victorian bankers who won out when all the little local concerns began to be bundled up together. 1977 ‘E. Crispin’ Glimpses of Moon ii. 28 I won through, though... I survived. 1984 Times Educ. Suppl. 30 Nov. 28/1 The book has a brisk story and impeccable moral attitudes: gypsies, orphans, teachers and policemen are all good, ordinary people who win out in the end. e. with adjective complement: = get v. 30b. ΚΠ 1885 R. F. Burton tr. Arabian Nights' Entertainm. I. x. 94 He labours to win free from every form and observance. 1902 London Mag. June 452/2 Smiling to see him struggle when he thought he could win clear. 13. intransitive with to and infinitive: To succeed in doing (what is denoted by the verb); to contrive, manage to do something. Now only Scottish and dialect. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > completing > complete or conclude action [verb (intransitive)] > achieve an end or condition by progress acomeOE wina1300 chevec1300 attainc1375 reacha1400 achievec1400 geta1425 sort1543 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > forward movement > move forward or advance [verb (intransitive)] > with persistence, effort, or urgency shovec888 thringc893 thresta1225 wina1300 thrustc1330 pressa1375 throngc1440 wrestc1450 thrimp1513 to put forward1529 intrude1562 breast1581 shoulder1581 haggle1582 strivea1586 wrestle1591 to push on (also along)1602 elabour1606 contend1609 to put on?1611 struggle1686 worry1702 crush1755 squeege1783 battle1797 scrouge1798 sweat1856 flounder1861 pull?1863 tank1939 bulldozer1952 terrier1959 the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > succeed or be a success [verb (intransitive)] > achieve success (of persons) > succeed in doing anything wina1300 covera1375 gaina1375 to prevail to1474 to make shift of1504 attain1523 obtaina1529 frame1545 procure1559 to finish to1594 succeed1839 a1300 Cursor Mundi 26816 For mai naman wit quem to winn To serue at ans lauerds tuin. c1300 K. Horn (Laud) 1112 Myȝte he nowt wynne For to come þer inne. 1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 121 b/2 That y^u mayst..wynne to spare the tormentes that ben yet to come. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 3145 O nowise may we wyn þat woman to gete. a1600 A. Montgomerie Misc. Poems xxvii. 32 Thee to imbrace once, God ! if I micht win! c1655 in Roxburghe Ballads (1886) VI. 209 The Repulsive Maid, Who Once took a young-man, but now cannot win To open the door, and let him come in. a1732 T. Boston Memoirs (1776) vii. 140 I am habitually cast down, and cannot win to get my heart lifted up in the ways of the Lord. 1893 R. L. Stevenson Catriona xv. 170 As sune as I can win to stand on my twa feet we'll be aff frae this craig o' Sawtan. 14. transitive with preposition or adverb of place: a. To succeed in bringing, putting, etc.: = get v. 26a(b). Obsolete or archaic. ΘΚΠ the world > space > place > placing or fact of being placed in (a) position > place or put in a position [verb (transitive)] > succeed in winc1374 the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > make a success of [verb (transitive)] > manage to secure (a result) > succeed in bringing or putting winc1374 geta1393 c1374 G. Chaucer Anelida & Arcite 20 And do that I my shippe to haven wynne. a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 94 Þere walked he a-boute þe walles to winne in siȝt. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 8219 Sua depe þair rote þai samen kest, þat moght þam naman þeþen win. 14.. Tundale's Vis. 939 Whan the vermyn wold have owt crepon At the holys that thei made opon Thei myght not wyn owt hor taylys. c1400 Ywaine & Gaw. 1803 Bot yit his clathes on he wan. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy xi. 4772 Þai..Robbit the Riches..And wonnyn it wightly the wallis withoute. 1604 E. Grimeston tr. J. de Acosta Nat. & Morall Hist. Indies iii. x. 152 They gave over the enterprize to win the red sea into Nile. a1639 S. Marmion Antiquary (1641) iii. i That I should owe my life to her! which way, I wonder? something depends on this, I must win out. 1825 W. Scott Betrothed ix, in Tales Crusaders I. 160 Her kind attendant..tried softly to win the spear from her lady's grasp. 1904 Daily Chron. 3 Nov. 3/3 His sweet and level-headed wife wins him through his difficulties. †b. To put, set, take (expressing merely the act, without implication, as in sense 14a, of overcoming difficulty or hindrance). win out, to take or draw out, extract. win up, (a) to open (a door or gate); (b) to take up, pick up, lift. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > place > removal or displacement > extraction > extract [verb (transitive)] > by force, effort, or contrivance to draw outOE outdrawlOE drawc1300 win out1362 out-wina1425 windc1535 extract1628 exact1647 exforcipatea1834 to winkle out1942 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > upward movement > raising > make to go up or cause to rise [verb (transitive)] > lift or take up > from the ground or a low position uptakea1300 to pick upc1330 win up1362 to gather upa1400 the mind > possession > taking > take [verb (transitive)] nimeOE haveeOE atleada1000 latchc1000 take?a1160 takec1175 hentc1300 catcha1382 privea1387 nighc1400 betakec1420 fonc1425 prend1447 win1515 the world > space > place > placing or fact of being placed in (a) position > place or put in a position [verb (transitive)] doeOE layc950 seta1000 puta1225 dight1297 pilt?a1300 stow1362 stick1372 bestowc1374 affichea1382 posec1385 couchc1386 dressa1387 assize1393 yarkc1400 sita1425 place1442 colloque1490 siegea1500 stake1513 win1515 plat1529 collocate1548 campc1550 posit1645 posture1645 constitute1652 impose1681 sist1852 shove1902 spot1937 1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. vi. 92 To wynne vp þe wiket-ȝat þat þe wey schutte. a1400 Sir Beues (A.) 4364 In haste þe dore he gan vp winne. a1400–50 Wars Alex. 837 Þan Alexander at þis knyȝt angirs vnfaire, Wynnes him vp a wardrere. c1400 Rowland & O. 463 Rowlande owte his swerde wanne. 1515 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1903) V. 24 To ane masone of the lard of Sefeildis quhilk wan the alloring to the said place of Inchegarvy, xxs. †c. To bring, take, move (a person somewhere). ΘΚΠ society > travel > transport > [verb (transitive)] haveeOE ferryOE weighOE bearOE take?a1160 weve13.. carry1348 passa1350 tow1391 geta1393 convey1393 winc1400 transport1483 set1487 convoy1500 traduce1535 port1566 repair1612 vehiculate1628 transmute1683 transplant1769 gallant1806 transit1859 inveigh1878 waltz1884 sashay1928 conduct- c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 831 Alle hasped in his heȝ wede to halle þay hym wonnen. c1475 (?c1425) Avowing of King Arthur (1984) l. 601 Ȝe wynnun him noȝte owte of his way. †d. reflexive. To betake oneself: = 12 (Cf. get v. 26a(c)) Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > travel > [verb (reflexive)] wendeOE meteOE drawc1175 flitc1175 do?c1225 kenc1275 teemc1275 movec1300 graitha1325 dightc1330 redec1330 windc1330 yieldc1330 dressa1375 raikc1400 winc1400 pass?a1425 get1492 tirec1540 flitch?1567 frame1576 betake1639 rely1641 c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 402 I schal ware alle my wyt to wynne me þeder. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 1138 [We] Wyn vs to the wallis, wacche þere vndur. Compounds In sense ‘one who or that which wins…’, as win-all, win-penny. ΚΠ 1580 C. Hollyband Treasurie French Tong Gaigne-denier, a porter, a winne-penny. 1639 T. Fuller Hist. Holy Warre ii. xlvi. 107 One the winne-all, another the lose-all. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1926; most recently modified version published online June 2022). † winv.² Forms: Middle English vyn, wine, Middle English–1500s wynn(e, 1500s wyn(e, winne, 1500s–1800s win, 1700s winn. Etymology: Variant of won, wonn(e: see won v. Scottish and northern dialect. Obsolete. intransitive. To dwell, reside. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > [verb (intransitive)] wonc725 erdec893 siteOE liveeOE to make one's woningc960 through-wonOE bigc1175 walkc1225 inwonea1300 lenda1300 lenga1300 lingera1300 erthec1300 stallc1315 lasta1325 lodge1362 habit?a1366 breeda1375 inhabitc1374 indwella1382 to have one's mansionc1385 to take (up) one's inn (or inns)a1400 keepc1400 repairc1400 to have (also hold, keep, make) one's residencec1405 to hold (also keep, make, take, etc.) one's mansiona1425 winc1425 to make (one's) residence1433 resort1453 abidec1475 use1488 remaina1500 demur1523 to keep one's house1523 occupy1523 reside1523 enerdc1540 kennel1552 bower1596 to have (also hold, keep, make) residence1597 subsist1618 mansiona1638 tenant1650 fastena1657 hospitate1681 wont1692 stay1754 to hang out1811 home1832 habitate1866 c1425 Wyntoun Cron. xxvii. 789 Þe Yrischery, That wynnis in Irland to þis day. c1480 (a1400) St. Peter 690 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 27 Þat I ma ga to ihesu criste,..with hym to wine in-to his b[l]ise. c1480 (a1400) St. Mary Magdalen 816 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 279 Fra þe place, quhare þe magdelane vynnand vas. a1500 R. Henryson tr. Æsop Fables: Two Mice l. 165 in Poems (1981) 10 The eldest duelt in ane borous toun; The vther wynnit vponland [v.rr. vp on land, apon land]. 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid vii. xii. 138 Thai that in Flavynia feyldis duell, Or that wynnis besyd the laik or well Of Cymynus. 1578 J. Rolland Seuin Seages 52 Into ane Realme thair wynnit ane vailȝeant knicht. 1721 A. Ramsay Prospect of Plenty 81 Alake we winn o'er far frae King and Court! a1823 G. Beattie John o' Arnha' (1826) 88 An ancient town..where, tradition says, A housekeeper winned in other days. 1846 W. E. Brockett J. T. Brockett's Gloss. North Country Words (ed. 3) This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1926; most recently modified version published online December 2020). winv.³ Brit. /wɪn/, U.S. /wɪn/, Scottish English /wɪn/ Forms: Also 1500s wyn, 1600s wind, 1700s winn, (1800s won). Past participle 1700s winned, Scottish win(n), 1500s, 1800s won, 1700s wun. Etymology: ? win v.¹ 7f, but associated also with wind v.² 2. Scottish and northern dialect. transitive. To dry (hay, seed, turf, wood, etc.) by exposure to the air, or to the heat of the sun or a fire. Also intransitive for passive. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > harvesting > harvest (a crop) [verb (transitive)] > dry crops in field make1425 win1557 save1719 ted1796 field1844 wilt1971 the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > harvesting > harvest [verb (intransitive)] > dry crops wither?1523 win1733 1557 Reg. Mag. Sig. Scot. 271/2 Tertiam partem 24 dietarum feni lie won hay. 1588 Exch. Rolls Scot. XXI. 412 For making of 36 dawarkis of hay..and for wynning and putting of the samyn in tramp ruckis. 1641 in W. Chambers Charters Burgh Peebles (1872) 107 To cast and wind peites, turres, fewall [etc.]. 1733 P. Lindsay Interest Scotl. 154 So much of his Lint as he intends for his best Seed, he builds up in a Stack like Corn, after it is thoroughly win. 1765 Museum Rusticum 4 cvi. 455 Scots seed, when well winned and kept. 1794 J. Sinclair Statist. Acct. Scotl. XI. 268 Cutting, winning, and carrying home their peats, however, consumes a great deal of time. 1812 J. Sinclair Acct. Syst. Husbandry Scotl. i. 396 The sun and air gradually win it [sc. hay]. 1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm II. 259 Feathers may be hung up in bags against the wall behind the fire, and there they will soon win. 1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm III. 909 [The skin for rennet] is then hung stretched over a stick near the fire to dry and won. 1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm III. 978 By the afternoon the hay is so dry and won as to be fit to be stacked. 1884 Whitby Gaz. 9 Aug. 1/2 A Stack of well won Hay. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1926; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.¹OEn.²OEn.³1567adj.¹c1275adj.²c1425v.¹c888v.²c1425v.³1557
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winn.1

† winn.2

winn.3

† winadj.1

† winadj.2

winv.1

Compounds

† winv.2

winv.3

winn.¹

† winn.²

winn.³

† winadj.¹

† winadj.²

winv.¹

† winv.²

winv.³