will-lessadj.

Brit.

/ˈwɪllᵻs/, U.S.

/ˈwɪ(l)lᵻs/

Forms: 1600s– will-less, 1700s wil-less, 1800s– willess.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: will n.¹, -less suffix.

Etymology: < will n.¹ + -less suffix.

1. Having no will; destitute of the faculty of volition.Since this sense in some cases implies also sense 2, some examples may be ambiguous between the two.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > [adjective] > having no will

will-less1651

volitionless1881

1651 A. Crowther & T. Vincent Spiritval Conquest iii. 55 in Christian Pilgrime in his Spirituall Conflict (1652) If we thus leave our selves will-less, self-less, being-less, we sodainly become plunged into the increated being of God.

1804 A. Seward Mem. Dr. Darwin 89 Reasonless, will-less instinct, limited but undeviating.

1871 H. Macmillan True Vine vi. 240 A mindless, will-less, impersonal solitude.

1946 Mind 55 115 A will-less saint would be a sub-moral being, a fine creature perhaps, but not a responsible moral agent.

2008 Sci. Amer. (U.K. ed.) June 66/2 Let me be clear that our experiment had nothing to do with manipulating people's minds to empty their wallets, because it certainly did not turn subjects into will-less automatons.

2. Not having an independent will; not exercising one's own will. Also: not involving exercise of a person's will.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > decision > irresolution or vacillation > inconstancy > [adjective] > weak in character or will

nesheOE

feeblec1200

softc1275

weaka1425

infirm1526

lithya1533

unheaded1577

spiritless1595

pappy1597

irresolute1600

marrowless1607

seducible1613

wax-nosedc1615

unsinewy?1623

reedy1628

swayable1642

short-spirited1647

weak-headed1654

lath-backed1676

will-less?1680

tiffany-trader1702

weak-minded1716

lax1751

lax-fibred1762

nerveless1783

wishy-washy1801

marcid1822

molluscous1836

boneless1848

weedy1849

putty-headed1857

flabby1862

weak-kneed1863

fibreless1864

invertebrate1867

chinless1881

backboneless1882

featherweight1885

spineless1885

weak-willed1885

totter-kneed1887

akratic1896

effete1905

weakling1906

gutless1915

willowish1919

Milquetoast1932

nannified1960

ball-less1967

?1680 Confession made at Constantinople (single sheet) Q. What is your Comfort? A. God's Almightiness. Q. What is your Prayer? A. To be resigned, and Will-less.

1747 S. Richardson Clarissa I. xv. 90 Your blind duty and will-less resignation.

1823 J. Galt Ringan Gilhaize II. xxix. 283 I walked in a willess manner.

1924 G. B. Shaw St. Joan i. i. 7 The self-assertive, loud-mouthed, superficially energetic, fundamentally will-less Robert.

2014 Social Forces 93 398 Waterboarding, as portrayed by critics, assaults the bodies of those who suffer it; it creates ‘compliant’, will-less beings.

Derivatives

ˈwill-lessly adv.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > intention > unintentional or unplanned character > [adverb] > unintentionally or involuntarily

unthankc960

un-i-waldesOE

unwaldesc1210

in unwaresa1300

unwilfully1382

unwaresa1400

unbewares1483

unawares1535

unbethought1558

involuntarily1562

unaware1593

at unawares1596

unwillinglya1616

implicitly1625

unpurposedlya1639

hormetically1678

inadvertently1678

indeliberately1681

undesignedly1687

inadvertingly1715

unintentionally1769

unintendedly1782

unpurposely1830

will-lessly1865

1865 Eclectic Rev. June 544 This is very much the quality of Festus, and it is its bad quality in that the poem bears us along will-lessly.

1871 H. Macmillan True Vine vi. 245 He is to do consciously and willingly—what the plant does unconsciously and will-lessly.

2008 Austral. Financial Rev. (Nexis) 7 Mar. 26 In the South Pacific, it often feels as if you drift willessly between the islands according to the currents.

ˈwill-lessness n.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > decision > irresolution or vacillation > inconstancy > [noun] > weakness of character or will

unmighteOE

frailnessa1300

infirmityc1384

debility1474

brittleness1493

brucklenessc1500

weak side1668

weakness1748

washiness1763

feebleness1809–10

enervation1849

weak-mindedness1854

feet of clay1859

will-lessness1865

bonelessness1869

molluscousness1870

limpness1873

backbonelessness1882

invertebracy1882

weak-kneedness1882

invertebrateness1884

spinelessness1920

gutlessness1936

1865 Amer. Presbyterian & Theol. Rev. Apr. 303 As, through his stronger emphasizing of the will, he separates himself from Aristotle's deification of theory, naturally with him the Augustinian will-lessness must disappear.

1902 Academy 8 Nov. 509 Among the many signs of that hysteria, what is called abulia or ‘willessness’ is one of the most common.

2008 New Yorker 3 Mar. 80/3 The book is in general funny and forlorn, because it is a chronicle of mishaps and accidents and peculiar will-lessness—it has that Verloc-like ‘air of being drugged’.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2021; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	will-less
释义	will-lessadj. Brit. /ˈwɪllᵻs/, U.S. /ˈwɪ(l)lᵻs/ Forms: 1600s– will-less, 1700s wil-less, 1800s– willess. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: will n.¹, -less suffix. Etymology: < will n.¹ + -less suffix. 1. Having no will; destitute of the faculty of volition.Since this sense in some cases implies also sense 2, some examples may be ambiguous between the two. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > [adjective] > having no will will-less1651 volitionless1881 1651 A. Crowther & T. Vincent Spiritval Conquest iii. 55 in Christian Pilgrime in his Spirituall Conflict (1652) If we thus leave our selves will-less, self-less, being-less, we sodainly become plunged into the increated being of God. 1804 A. Seward Mem. Dr. Darwin 89 Reasonless, will-less instinct, limited but undeviating. 1871 H. Macmillan True Vine vi. 240 A mindless, will-less, impersonal solitude. 1946 Mind 55 115 A will-less saint would be a sub-moral being, a fine creature perhaps, but not a responsible moral agent. 2008 Sci. Amer. (U.K. ed.) June 66/2 Let me be clear that our experiment had nothing to do with manipulating people's minds to empty their wallets, because it certainly did not turn subjects into will-less automatons. 2. Not having an independent will; not exercising one's own will. Also: not involving exercise of a person's will. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > decision > irresolution or vacillation > inconstancy > [adjective] > weak in character or will nesheOE feeblec1200 softc1275 weaka1425 infirm1526 lithya1533 unheaded1577 spiritless1595 pappy1597 irresolute1600 marrowless1607 seducible1613 wax-nosedc1615 unsinewy?1623 reedy1628 swayable1642 short-spirited1647 weak-headed1654 lath-backed1676 will-less?1680 tiffany-trader1702 weak-minded1716 lax1751 lax-fibred1762 nerveless1783 wishy-washy1801 marcid1822 molluscous1836 boneless1848 weedy1849 putty-headed1857 flabby1862 weak-kneed1863 fibreless1864 invertebrate1867 chinless1881 backboneless1882 featherweight1885 spineless1885 weak-willed1885 totter-kneed1887 akratic1896 effete1905 weakling1906 gutless1915 willowish1919 Milquetoast1932 nannified1960 ball-less1967 ?1680 Confession made at Constantinople (single sheet) Q. What is your Comfort? A. God's Almightiness. Q. What is your Prayer? A. To be resigned, and Will-less. 1747 S. Richardson Clarissa I. xv. 90 Your blind duty and will-less resignation. 1823 J. Galt Ringan Gilhaize II. xxix. 283 I walked in a willess manner. 1924 G. B. Shaw St. Joan i. i. 7 The self-assertive, loud-mouthed, superficially energetic, fundamentally will-less Robert. 2014 Social Forces 93 398 Waterboarding, as portrayed by critics, assaults the bodies of those who suffer it; it creates ‘compliant’, will-less beings. Derivatives ˈwill-lessly adv. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > intention > unintentional or unplanned character > [adverb] > unintentionally or involuntarily unthankc960 un-i-waldesOE unwaldesc1210 in unwaresa1300 unwilfully1382 unwaresa1400 unbewares1483 unawares1535 unbethought1558 involuntarily1562 unaware1593 at unawares1596 unwillinglya1616 implicitly1625 unpurposedlya1639 hormetically1678 inadvertently1678 indeliberately1681 undesignedly1687 inadvertingly1715 unintentionally1769 unintendedly1782 unpurposely1830 will-lessly1865 1865 Eclectic Rev. June 544 This is very much the quality of Festus, and it is its bad quality in that the poem bears us along will-lessly. 1871 H. Macmillan True Vine vi. 245 He is to do consciously and willingly—what the plant does unconsciously and will-lessly. 2008 Austral. Financial Rev. (Nexis) 7 Mar. 26 In the South Pacific, it often feels as if you drift willessly between the islands according to the currents. ˈwill-lessness n. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > decision > irresolution or vacillation > inconstancy > [noun] > weakness of character or will unmighteOE frailnessa1300 infirmityc1384 debility1474 brittleness1493 brucklenessc1500 weak side1668 weakness1748 washiness1763 feebleness1809–10 enervation1849 weak-mindedness1854 feet of clay1859 will-lessness1865 bonelessness1869 molluscousness1870 limpness1873 backbonelessness1882 invertebracy1882 weak-kneedness1882 invertebrateness1884 spinelessness1920 gutlessness1936 1865 Amer. Presbyterian & Theol. Rev. Apr. 303 As, through his stronger emphasizing of the will, he separates himself from Aristotle's deification of theory, naturally with him the Augustinian will-lessness must disappear. 1902 Academy 8 Nov. 509 Among the many signs of that hysteria, what is called abulia or ‘willessness’ is one of the most common. 2008 New Yorker 3 Mar. 80/3 The book is in general funny and forlorn, because it is a chronicle of mishaps and accidents and peculiar will-lessness—it has that Verloc-like ‘air of being drugged’. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2021; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adj.1651
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