White Russiann.adj.

Brit.

/ˌwʌɪt ˈrʌʃn/, U.S.

/ˌ(h)waɪt ˈrəʃ(ə)n/

Forms: also with lower-case initial in the first element.

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: white adj., Russian n.

Etymology: < white adj. + Russian n. In sense A. 1a originally after White Russia (1555 or earlier; after post-classical Latin Russia Alba (late 13th cent. as Alba Ruscia )), name of an area in Eastern Europe (see note); in later use after Russian belorus (1849 or earlier as †běloruss′′ ; plural belorusy ), inhabitant of the area roughly corresponding to modern Belarus (compare also Russian †bělorusec′′ (18th cent.), †bělorossiec′′ (1749), †bělorussin′′ (1858 or earlier)). With sense A. 1b compare Belarusian belaruskaja (noun), Russian belorusskij (noun). With sense B. 1 compare Belarusian belaruski (adjective), Russian belorusskij (adjective). Compare later Belorussian adj., Belorussian n., Belarusian adj., Belarusian n. Compare Black Russian n. With senses A. 2 and B. 2 compare white adj. 6 and discussion at that entry; this use is not connected with the geographical designation.The name White Russia and its equivalents in various languages (including Old Russian Rus′ Bělaja (15th cent.)) historically referred to various East Slavic areas, chiefly Muscovy (compare quot. 1659 at sense A. 1a). In the 17th cent. it started to refer in official Russian usage to the areas roughly corresponding to the eastern part of modern Belarus. With sense A. 1a compare earlier white Russ (see quot. 1537 at Russ n. 1a).

A. n.

a. A native or inhabitant of various East Slavic areas formerly known collectively as White Russia. In later use chiefly: a native or inhabitant of an area roughly corresponding to modern Belarus; = Belarusian n. 1.In quot. 1659: a Muscovite (see note in etymology).

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > ethnicities > Slav people > Russian peoples > [noun]

Ruthene1548

Ruthenian1555

Ruthenian1594

Ruthene1611

White Russian1659

Black Russian1661

Great Russian1783

Little Russian1799

Malo-Russian1810

Rusnak1823

Rusyn1835

Belorussian1872

Belarusian1951

the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Asia > native or inhabitant of Russia, the Russian Empire, or the Soviet Union > [noun]

Muscovite1535

Russ1537

Russian1538

Muscovian1577

Muscoviter1650

White Russian1659

Great Russian1783

bear1804

Rooshian1838

Soviet1920

Ivan1925

1659 R. P. tr. D. Petau Hist. World Contin. x. iii. 465 His son Voldamar, who is received by the white Russians or Muscovites.

1886 Encycl. Brit. XXI. 79/1 Three different branches..can be distinguished among the Russians since the dawn of their history:—the Great Russians, the Little Russians.., and the White Russians.

1912 D. M. Wallace Russia xxxix. 726 The chief ethnographical groups were the Great-Russians (265), the Little-Russians (62), the White-Russians (12), the Poles (51), [etc.].

1960 W. K. Matthews Russ. Hist. Gram. iii. ii. 309 The grammatical treatises of the time..are mainly the work of non-Russian scholars—White Russians and Ukrainians.

2007 A. J. Joes Urban Guerrilla Warfare i. 12 The new Poland contained too many ethno-religious minorities: Ukrainians, White Russians, Germans.., and others.

b. Belarusian, the East Slavonic language spoken in Belarus.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > Balto-Slavic > Slavonic > Belorussian

White Russian1834

Belorussian1943

Belarusian1969

1834 Biblical Repository Apr. 368 (note) The dialect of this translation is the White Russian.

1850 ‘Talvi’ Hist. View Lang. & Lit. Slavic Nations ii. i. 51 The White-Russian is the dialect spoken in Lithuania and a portion of White Russia, especially Volhynia.

1932 C. A. Phillips tr. H. von Eckardt Russia vi. ii. 475 Up to the sixteenth century the Lithuanian Grand Princes and boyars regarded White Russian as their language.

1960 W. K. Matthews Russ. Hist. Gram. i. ii. 34 There are seven groups of Slavonic languages, viz. the East Slavonic (Russian, White Russian, and Ukrainian) [etc.].

1983 P. Baldi Introd. Indo-European Lang. ix. 114 Although the Russians refused to recognize Ukrainian as a separate language..Ukrainian is vastly more different from Great Russian than is White Russian.

2005 P. T. Daniels in S. S. Mufwene et al. Polymorphous Linguistics xxii. 514 Russian Language.., embracing White Russian (Belarusian) and Little Russian (Ukrainian), which treats the development from Slavic and the dialects, is also by Minns.

2. An opponent of the Bolsheviks during the Russian Civil War (1917–22). Cf. white adj. 6.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > politics > Russian politics > [noun] > opponent of Bolsheviks

White Russian1918

white1921

1918 Manch. Guardian 1 July 5/4 500 German soldiers are reported to be advancing in the Pasvig valley, and the White Russians are on their way from Petschenga to meet them.

1943 M. Saerchinger tr. N. Basseches Unknown Army iv. 59 If they were in the territory of the Soviets, they either broke through in time to join the White Russians or they were caught by the Red mobilization.

1996 A. Theroux Secondary Colors 297 Independent looters during the Russian Revolution who savaged areas in which no Red or White Russian would dare enter.

3. A cocktail made with vodka, coffee liqueur, cream or milk, and served with ice. Cf. Black Russian n. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > distilled drink > cocktail > [noun] > vodka cocktail

Bloody Mary1939

Moscow mule1944

screwdriver1948

vodka martini1953

vodkatini1955

Black Russian1957

White Russian1965

bloody1967

vodka Collins1969

Bloody Caesar1972

vodka gimlet1974

kamikaze1979

Sex on the Beach1986

caipiroska1990

appletini1997

1965 Oakland (Calif.) Tribune 21 Nov. (insert) White Russian. 1 oz. each Coffee Southern, vodka, cream.

1978 Washington Post (Nexis) 17 Mar. b1 Two white Russians, a gin and tonic and a Schlitz.

2001 P. Reizin Dumping Hilary? viii. 191 We've moved on from white wine to White Russians.

B. adj.

1. Of or relating to Belarus, its people, or their language. Cf. Belarusian adj., Belorussian adj. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > named regions of earth > Russia, the Russian Empire, or the Soviet Union > [adjective] > other regions

Zembliana1761

White Russian1799

Ural-Altaic1853

Belorussian1888

the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Asia > native or inhabitant of Russia, the Russian Empire, or the Soviet Union > [adjective] > states or provinces

Georgian1585

Balticc1590

Armenic1609

Crimean1679

Siberian1719

Lithuanian1797

White Russian1799

Livonian1824

Ossetan1892

Sibiriak1903

Moldovan1990

1799 W. Tooke View Russ. Empire I. i. 2 The two governments of Polotzk and Mohilef, still sometimes called the white-russian territory.

1827 tr. C. Malte-Brun Universal Geogr. VI. cxi. 615 A stranger saw many White Russian peasants arrive at Riga about six years ago.

1886 Encycl. Brit. XXI. 71/1 In 1879 in European Russia,—exclusive of six Lithuanian and White Russian governments,—42,530 persons were tried before the courts.

1918 M. V. Trofimov & J. P. Scott Handbk. Russian I. i. 4 The White Russian dialect covers the smallest area of all the Russian dialects.

1960 W. K. Matthews Russ. Hist. Gram. ii. xii. 276 In the latter part of the seventeenth century the influence of the White Russian and Ukrainian scholars and writers began to be felt.

2009 Vanity Fair Sept. 328/1 Titled ladies (often White Russian émigrés) with important social connections.

2. Of or relating to the White Russians (sense A. 2) during the Russian Civil War (1917–22).

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > politics > Russian politics > [adjective] > opposed to Bolsheviks

White Russian1919

1919 Manch. Guardian 3 Jan. 5/5 The Polish command is negotiating for the formation of Polish legions in Lithuania... There are no White Russian forces here.

1929 W. S. Churchill World Crisis IV. xii. 247 We have seen them [sc. the Czechs] already in October 1918..exasperated by White Russian mismanagement.

1957 P. Kemp Mine were of Trouble iii. 39 The Requetés were raising two squadrons in Seville, under a White Russian colonel named Alkon.

1964 R. Perry World of Tiger ii. 24 The White Russian hunter Yankovsky.

1974 Encycl. Brit. Macropædia XVI. 70/2 There remained only the Japanese and White Russian forces in eastern Siberia.

2006 M. A. Protopopov Russ. Presence 32 The destruction of the White Russian Army under Admiral Kolchak..in 1920 caused a mass exodus of refugees into Manchuria.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2015; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	white russian
释义	White Russiann.adj. Brit. /ˌwʌɪt ˈrʌʃn/, U.S. /ˌ(h)waɪt ˈrəʃ(ə)n/ Forms: also with lower-case initial in the first element. Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: white adj., Russian n. Etymology: < white adj. + Russian n. In sense A. 1a originally after White Russia (1555 or earlier; after post-classical Latin Russia Alba (late 13th cent. as Alba Ruscia )), name of an area in Eastern Europe (see note); in later use after Russian belorus (1849 or earlier as †běloruss′′ ; plural belorusy ), inhabitant of the area roughly corresponding to modern Belarus (compare also Russian †bělorusec′′ (18th cent.), †bělorossiec′′ (1749), †bělorussin′′ (1858 or earlier)). With sense A. 1b compare Belarusian belaruskaja (noun), Russian belorusskij (noun). With sense B. 1 compare Belarusian belaruski (adjective), Russian belorusskij (adjective). Compare later Belorussian adj., Belorussian n., Belarusian adj., Belarusian n. Compare Black Russian n. With senses A. 2 and B. 2 compare white adj. 6 and discussion at that entry; this use is not connected with the geographical designation.The name White Russia and its equivalents in various languages (including Old Russian Rus′ Bělaja (15th cent.)) historically referred to various East Slavic areas, chiefly Muscovy (compare quot. 1659 at sense A. 1a). In the 17th cent. it started to refer in official Russian usage to the areas roughly corresponding to the eastern part of modern Belarus. With sense A. 1a compare earlier white Russ (see quot. 1537 at Russ n. 1a). A. n. 1. a. A native or inhabitant of various East Slavic areas formerly known collectively as White Russia. In later use chiefly: a native or inhabitant of an area roughly corresponding to modern Belarus; = Belarusian n. 1.In quot. 1659: a Muscovite (see note in etymology). ΘΚΠ the world > people > ethnicities > Slav people > Russian peoples > [noun] Ruthene1548 Ruthenian1555 Ruthenian1594 Ruthene1611 White Russian1659 Black Russian1661 Great Russian1783 Little Russian1799 Malo-Russian1810 Rusnak1823 Rusyn1835 Belorussian1872 Belarusian1951 the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Asia > native or inhabitant of Russia, the Russian Empire, or the Soviet Union > [noun] Muscovite1535 Russ1537 Russian1538 Muscovian1577 Muscoviter1650 White Russian1659 Great Russian1783 bear1804 Rooshian1838 Soviet1920 Ivan1925 1659 R. P. tr. D. Petau Hist. World Contin. x. iii. 465 His son Voldamar, who is received by the white Russians or Muscovites. 1886 Encycl. Brit. XXI. 79/1 Three different branches..can be distinguished among the Russians since the dawn of their history:—the Great Russians, the Little Russians.., and the White Russians. 1912 D. M. Wallace Russia xxxix. 726 The chief ethnographical groups were the Great-Russians (265), the Little-Russians (62), the White-Russians (12), the Poles (51), [etc.]. 1960 W. K. Matthews Russ. Hist. Gram. iii. ii. 309 The grammatical treatises of the time..are mainly the work of non-Russian scholars—White Russians and Ukrainians. 2007 A. J. Joes Urban Guerrilla Warfare i. 12 The new Poland contained too many ethno-religious minorities: Ukrainians, White Russians, Germans.., and others. b. Belarusian, the East Slavonic language spoken in Belarus. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > Balto-Slavic > Slavonic > Belorussian White Russian1834 Belorussian1943 Belarusian1969 1834 Biblical Repository Apr. 368 (note) The dialect of this translation is the White Russian. 1850 ‘Talvi’ Hist. View Lang. & Lit. Slavic Nations ii. i. 51 The White-Russian is the dialect spoken in Lithuania and a portion of White Russia, especially Volhynia. 1932 C. A. Phillips tr. H. von Eckardt Russia vi. ii. 475 Up to the sixteenth century the Lithuanian Grand Princes and boyars regarded White Russian as their language. 1960 W. K. Matthews Russ. Hist. Gram. i. ii. 34 There are seven groups of Slavonic languages, viz. the East Slavonic (Russian, White Russian, and Ukrainian) [etc.]. 1983 P. Baldi Introd. Indo-European Lang. ix. 114 Although the Russians refused to recognize Ukrainian as a separate language..Ukrainian is vastly more different from Great Russian than is White Russian. 2005 P. T. Daniels in S. S. Mufwene et al. Polymorphous Linguistics xxii. 514 Russian Language.., embracing White Russian (Belarusian) and Little Russian (Ukrainian), which treats the development from Slavic and the dialects, is also by Minns. 2. An opponent of the Bolsheviks during the Russian Civil War (1917–22). Cf. white adj. 6. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > Russian politics > [noun] > opponent of Bolsheviks White Russian1918 white1921 1918 Manch. Guardian 1 July 5/4 500 German soldiers are reported to be advancing in the Pasvig valley, and the White Russians are on their way from Petschenga to meet them. 1943 M. Saerchinger tr. N. Basseches Unknown Army iv. 59 If they were in the territory of the Soviets, they either broke through in time to join the White Russians or they were caught by the Red mobilization. 1996 A. Theroux Secondary Colors 297 Independent looters during the Russian Revolution who savaged areas in which no Red or White Russian would dare enter. 3. A cocktail made with vodka, coffee liqueur, cream or milk, and served with ice. Cf. Black Russian n. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > distilled drink > cocktail > [noun] > vodka cocktail Bloody Mary1939 Moscow mule1944 screwdriver1948 vodka martini1953 vodkatini1955 Black Russian1957 White Russian1965 bloody1967 vodka Collins1969 Bloody Caesar1972 vodka gimlet1974 kamikaze1979 Sex on the Beach1986 caipiroska1990 appletini1997 1965 Oakland (Calif.) Tribune 21 Nov. (insert) White Russian. 1 oz. each Coffee Southern, vodka, cream. 1978 Washington Post (Nexis) 17 Mar. b1 Two white Russians, a gin and tonic and a Schlitz. 2001 P. Reizin Dumping Hilary? viii. 191 We've moved on from white wine to White Russians. B. adj. 1. Of or relating to Belarus, its people, or their language. Cf. Belarusian adj., Belorussian adj. Now historical. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > named regions of earth > Russia, the Russian Empire, or the Soviet Union > [adjective] > other regions Zembliana1761 White Russian1799 Ural-Altaic1853 Belorussian1888 the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Asia > native or inhabitant of Russia, the Russian Empire, or the Soviet Union > [adjective] > states or provinces Georgian1585 Balticc1590 Armenic1609 Crimean1679 Siberian1719 Lithuanian1797 White Russian1799 Livonian1824 Ossetan1892 Sibiriak1903 Moldovan1990 1799 W. Tooke View Russ. Empire I. i. 2 The two governments of Polotzk and Mohilef, still sometimes called the white-russian territory. 1827 tr. C. Malte-Brun Universal Geogr. VI. cxi. 615 A stranger saw many White Russian peasants arrive at Riga about six years ago. 1886 Encycl. Brit. XXI. 71/1 In 1879 in European Russia,—exclusive of six Lithuanian and White Russian governments,—42,530 persons were tried before the courts. 1918 M. V. Trofimov & J. P. Scott Handbk. Russian I. i. 4 The White Russian dialect covers the smallest area of all the Russian dialects. 1960 W. K. Matthews Russ. Hist. Gram. ii. xii. 276 In the latter part of the seventeenth century the influence of the White Russian and Ukrainian scholars and writers began to be felt. 2009 Vanity Fair Sept. 328/1 Titled ladies (often White Russian émigrés) with important social connections. 2. Of or relating to the White Russians (sense A. 2) during the Russian Civil War (1917–22). ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > Russian politics > [adjective] > opposed to Bolsheviks White Russian1919 1919 Manch. Guardian 3 Jan. 5/5 The Polish command is negotiating for the formation of Polish legions in Lithuania... There are no White Russian forces here. 1929 W. S. Churchill World Crisis IV. xii. 247 We have seen them [sc. the Czechs] already in October 1918..exasperated by White Russian mismanagement. 1957 P. Kemp Mine were of Trouble iii. 39 The Requetés were raising two squadrons in Seville, under a White Russian colonel named Alkon. 1964 R. Perry World of Tiger ii. 24 The White Russian hunter Yankovsky. 1974 Encycl. Brit. Macropædia XVI. 70/2 There remained only the Japanese and White Russian forces in eastern Siberia. 2006 M. A. Protopopov Russ. Presence 32 The destruction of the White Russian Army under Admiral Kolchak..in 1920 caused a mass exodus of refugees into Manchuria. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2015; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.adj.1659
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