white leadn.

Brit.

/ˌwʌɪt ˈlɛd/, U.S.

/ˌ(h)waɪt ˈlɛd/

Forms: see white adj. and n. and lead n.¹

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: white adj., lead n.¹

Etymology: < white adj. + lead n.¹ With sense 1 compare Anglo-Norman blanc plum , blonc plome , Middle French blan plon ceruse (first quarter of the 13th cent. or earlier in Old French), post-classical Latin plumbum album ceruse (from late 13th cent. in British sources). In sense 2 after classical Latin plumbum album tin (Pliny); compare Middle French plomb blanc tin (1379; also blanc plomb; French †plomb blanc).

1. A basic carbonate of lead, much used as a white pigment in paints and cosmetics, and also in waterproof sealants and lubricant; = ceruse n. Also: a paint or other preparation containing this compound.The use of white lead products is now widely banned because of toxicity to manufacturers and users and to the environment.Chemical formula: (approx.) 2PbCO₃.Pb(OH)₂.Recorded earliest in the Old English compound hwītlēadtēafor (probably) salve of white lead (compare tiver n.).

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > named colours > white or whiteness > whitener > [noun] > white pigment or paint

white leadlOE

whitea1300

blank plumbc1325

cerusec1405

white earth1448

Spanish white1546

litharge1551

mineral white1651

flake-white1660

Vienna white1816

permanent white1822

zinc white1847

constant white1854

Krems1854

Cremnitz1874

silver-white1875

lithoponea1884

baryta white1885

Charlton white1885

titanium white1920

the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > metals > specific elements > lead > [noun] > compounds > white lead

white leadlOE

cerusec1405

lOE Names of Herbs, Glosses to Med. & Bot. Texts (Dresden Dc.187) in H. D. Meritt Old Eng. Glosses (1945) 63/1 [Fel aprinum cum resina et] cerussa [mixtum] : whitleadteauer.

c1300 Bot. Gloss. (BL Add. 15236) l. 48 in Pluteus (1990) 4–5 109 (MED) Cerusa, flos plumbi idem, gallice, blonc plome; anglice, wyt lede.

c1450 Med. Recipes (BL Add. 33996) in F. Heinrich Mittelengl. Medizinbuch (1896) 203 (MED) Tak hony..& iij quarter of whyt led..Take a quart of oile & red led.

1499 Promptorium Parvulorum (Pynson) sig. bi^v/2 Blawmblumb, other wyse called whyte lede.

1573 Treat. Arte of Limming f. ii Take vennys cereuse, white lead.

1622 H. Peacham Compl. Gentleman xii. 111 Your flesh colour is commonly compounded of white lead, lake, and vermilion.

1658 W. Sanderson Graphice 54 Most excellent pure Virgin Colours are Ceruse and White leade.

1727 J. Swift Progress of Beauty in Misc. Last vol. ii. 250 White Lead was sent us to repair..A Lady's Face, and China-Ware.

1823 P. Nicholson New Pract. Builder 410 White Lead, is the principal ingredient used in house-painting.

1827 M. Faraday Chem. Manip. xviii. 477 White lead ground up with oil, when spread upon slips of cloth, is very useful for making joints tight.

1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 746 It [sc. Plomb gomme] has been found only at Huelgoet, near Poullaouen, in Brittany, covering with its tears or small concretions the ores of white lead and galena.

1911 Independent 9 Feb. 307/1 What white lead does to some painters is best told by hospital records and the ‘sick benefit’ books of the painters' unions.

1936 D. V. Thompson Materials & Techniques Medieval Painting 93 The product of these recipes was regularly subjected to a special after-treatment not specified for white leads made by other methods.

2001 P. Ball Bright Earth ii. 34 When white lead is heated, water and carbon dioxide (formed from the carbonate ions) are expelled from the crystal.

2. The metal tin (tin n. 1a). Now historical and rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > metals > specific elements > tin > [noun]

tinc897

Jupiterc1386

Jove1599

white lead1601

stannum1783

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > base metal > [noun] > tin

tinc897

tin-glass1601

white lead1601

crashing lead1678

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvi. lxxx. 865 He [sc. Isider] seiþ þat of lede is tweye maner of kynde, whyte and blak. And þe white is bettre þan þe blak.

1567 J. Maplet Greene Forest f. 13 There are two sortes of Lead, the one white, & the other black.]

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xxxiv. xvi. 517 This white lead or tinglasse hath been of long time in estimation, even since the warre of Troy, as witnesseth the Poet Homer, who calleth it Cassiteron.

1671 J. Webster Metallographia xxi. 271 It is not amiss here to give the differences betwixt white Lead, or Tin, Bismuth, Tin-glass, or ash-coloured Lead, and this common Lead, which they call black Lead.

1748 J. Browne & J. Hill tr. P. Pomet et al. Compl. Hist. Drugs (ed. 4) II. ii. 103/1 Some Authors say, that Tin or white Lead is found upon the Surface of the Earth, amongst the Sands, and in torrents dried up.

1778 T. Pennant Tour in Wales I. 58 What Pliny calls Galæna, which was left behind in the furnace,..being melted again, became lead, or, as the antients called it (to distinguish it from white lead or tin) black lead.

1804 W. Nicholson tr. A.-F. de Fourcroy Gen. Syst. Chem. Knowl. VI. 2 Pliny..often calls it white lead, and points out its frequent and fraudulent contamination with black lead.

2004 G. Humpston & D. M. Jacobson Princ. Soldering p. x Pliny the Elder..speaks of tertiarum, an alloy of two parts of (black) lead and one part of white lead (tin) being used for joining metal pipes.

Compounds

C1. General attributive and objective (in sense 1).

ΚΠ

lOE whitleadteauer [see sense 1].

1693 T. Urquhart & P. A. Motteux tr. F. Rabelais 3rd Bk. Wks. xxv. 203 Afterwards, he with a White Lead Pen [Fr. vn style], swiftly, and hastily drew a certain Number of diverse kinds of Points.

1706 London Gaz. No. 4216/4 The White Lead-House at Rotherhith.

1768 B. Franklin Let. 20 Feb. in Papers (1972) XV. 51 That Distemper..affects among Tradesmen those that use Lead..as Glazers, Type-Founders, Plumbers, Potters, White Lead-makers and Painters.

1849 H. M. Noad Lect. Electr. (ed. 3) 179 The box..is put together with white-lead joints, as these are perfectly water-tight.

1981 Antiquaries Jrnl. 61 i. 120 As the railings were withdrawn from their slots it was seen that they had originally been painted blue on a white-lead base.

2007 Ann. Appl. Statistics 1 137 White lead pigment was widely used in paints for residential structures.

C2.

white lead ore n. now rare orthorhombic lead carbonate, which is one of the principal ores of lead; = cerussite n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > minerals > ore > [noun] > metal ore > lead ore > types of

fell1653

steel-ore1661

bing ore (or simply bing)1686

white lead orea1728

green lead ore1728

blanch1747

red lead of Siberia1788

red lead ore1788

hedyphane1832

cerussite1850

silver lead1860

the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > carbonates > [noun] > orthorhombic > cerussite

white lead orea1728

cerussite1850

a1728 J. Woodward Attempt Nat. Hist. Fossils Eng. (1729) 10 Spar, adhering to Stone, with Shoots of White-Lead-Ore crystalliz'd on its Surface.

1893 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 19 Aug. 416/1 Lead also occurs as carbonate ‘white lead ore’, especially in the Alston district.

1914 G. H. Cox Lead & Zinc Deposits Northwestern Illinois 38 White lead ore..usually occurs as small colorless crystals on the surfaces of cubes of galena.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	white lead
释义	white leadn. Brit. /ˌwʌɪt ˈlɛd/, U.S. /ˌ(h)waɪt ˈlɛd/ Forms: see white adj. and n. and lead n.¹ Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: white adj., lead n.¹ Etymology: < white adj. + lead n.¹ With sense 1 compare Anglo-Norman blanc plum , blonc plome , Middle French blan plon ceruse (first quarter of the 13th cent. or earlier in Old French), post-classical Latin plumbum album ceruse (from late 13th cent. in British sources). In sense 2 after classical Latin plumbum album tin (Pliny); compare Middle French plomb blanc tin (1379; also blanc plomb; French †plomb blanc). 1. A basic carbonate of lead, much used as a white pigment in paints and cosmetics, and also in waterproof sealants and lubricant; = ceruse n. Also: a paint or other preparation containing this compound.The use of white lead products is now widely banned because of toxicity to manufacturers and users and to the environment.Chemical formula: (approx.) 2PbCO₃.Pb(OH)₂.Recorded earliest in the Old English compound hwītlēadtēafor (probably) salve of white lead (compare tiver n.). ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > named colours > white or whiteness > whitener > [noun] > white pigment or paint white leadlOE whitea1300 blank plumbc1325 cerusec1405 white earth1448 Spanish white1546 litharge1551 mineral white1651 flake-white1660 Vienna white1816 permanent white1822 zinc white1847 constant white1854 Krems1854 Cremnitz1874 silver-white1875 lithoponea1884 baryta white1885 Charlton white1885 titanium white1920 the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > metals > specific elements > lead > [noun] > compounds > white lead white leadlOE cerusec1405 lOE Names of Herbs, Glosses to Med. & Bot. Texts (Dresden Dc.187) in H. D. Meritt Old Eng. Glosses (1945) 63/1 [Fel aprinum cum resina et] cerussa [mixtum] : whitleadteauer. c1300 Bot. Gloss. (BL Add. 15236) l. 48 in Pluteus (1990) 4–5 109 (MED) Cerusa, flos plumbi idem, gallice, blonc plome; anglice, wyt lede. c1450 Med. Recipes (BL Add. 33996) in F. Heinrich Mittelengl. Medizinbuch (1896) 203 (MED) Tak hony..& iij quarter of whyt led..Take a quart of oile & red led. 1499 Promptorium Parvulorum (Pynson) sig. bi^v/2 Blawmblumb, other wyse called whyte lede. 1573 Treat. Arte of Limming f. ii Take vennys cereuse, white lead. 1622 H. Peacham Compl. Gentleman xii. 111 Your flesh colour is commonly compounded of white lead, lake, and vermilion. 1658 W. Sanderson Graphice 54 Most excellent pure Virgin Colours are Ceruse and White leade. 1727 J. Swift Progress of Beauty in Misc. Last vol. ii. 250 White Lead was sent us to repair..A Lady's Face, and China-Ware. 1823 P. Nicholson New Pract. Builder 410 White Lead, is the principal ingredient used in house-painting. 1827 M. Faraday Chem. Manip. xviii. 477 White lead ground up with oil, when spread upon slips of cloth, is very useful for making joints tight. 1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 746 It [sc. Plomb gomme] has been found only at Huelgoet, near Poullaouen, in Brittany, covering with its tears or small concretions the ores of white lead and galena. 1911 Independent 9 Feb. 307/1 What white lead does to some painters is best told by hospital records and the ‘sick benefit’ books of the painters' unions. 1936 D. V. Thompson Materials & Techniques Medieval Painting 93 The product of these recipes was regularly subjected to a special after-treatment not specified for white leads made by other methods. 2001 P. Ball Bright Earth ii. 34 When white lead is heated, water and carbon dioxide (formed from the carbonate ions) are expelled from the crystal. 2. The metal tin (tin n. 1a). Now historical and rare. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > metals > specific elements > tin > [noun] tinc897 Jupiterc1386 Jove1599 white lead1601 stannum1783 society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > base metal > [noun] > tin tinc897 tin-glass1601 white lead1601 crashing lead1678 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvi. lxxx. 865 He [sc. Isider] seiþ þat of lede is tweye maner of kynde, whyte and blak. And þe white is bettre þan þe blak. 1567 J. Maplet Greene Forest f. 13 There are two sortes of Lead, the one white, & the other black.] 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xxxiv. xvi. 517 This white lead or tinglasse hath been of long time in estimation, even since the warre of Troy, as witnesseth the Poet Homer, who calleth it Cassiteron. 1671 J. Webster Metallographia xxi. 271 It is not amiss here to give the differences betwixt white Lead, or Tin, Bismuth, Tin-glass, or ash-coloured Lead, and this common Lead, which they call black Lead. 1748 J. Browne & J. Hill tr. P. Pomet et al. Compl. Hist. Drugs (ed. 4) II. ii. 103/1 Some Authors say, that Tin or white Lead is found upon the Surface of the Earth, amongst the Sands, and in torrents dried up. 1778 T. Pennant Tour in Wales I. 58 What Pliny calls Galæna, which was left behind in the furnace,..being melted again, became lead, or, as the antients called it (to distinguish it from white lead or tin) black lead. 1804 W. Nicholson tr. A.-F. de Fourcroy Gen. Syst. Chem. Knowl. VI. 2 Pliny..often calls it white lead, and points out its frequent and fraudulent contamination with black lead. 2004 G. Humpston & D. M. Jacobson Princ. Soldering p. x Pliny the Elder..speaks of tertiarum, an alloy of two parts of (black) lead and one part of white lead (tin) being used for joining metal pipes. Compounds C1. General attributive and objective (in sense 1). ΚΠ lOE whitleadteauer [see sense 1]. 1693 T. Urquhart & P. A. Motteux tr. F. Rabelais 3rd Bk. Wks. xxv. 203 Afterwards, he with a White Lead Pen [Fr. vn style], swiftly, and hastily drew a certain Number of diverse kinds of Points. 1706 London Gaz. No. 4216/4 The White Lead-House at Rotherhith. 1768 B. Franklin Let. 20 Feb. in Papers (1972) XV. 51 That Distemper..affects among Tradesmen those that use Lead..as Glazers, Type-Founders, Plumbers, Potters, White Lead-makers and Painters. 1849 H. M. Noad Lect. Electr. (ed. 3) 179 The box..is put together with white-lead joints, as these are perfectly water-tight. 1981 Antiquaries Jrnl. 61 i. 120 As the railings were withdrawn from their slots it was seen that they had originally been painted blue on a white-lead base. 2007 Ann. Appl. Statistics 1 137 White lead pigment was widely used in paints for residential structures. C2. white lead ore n. now rare orthorhombic lead carbonate, which is one of the principal ores of lead; = cerussite n. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > minerals > ore > [noun] > metal ore > lead ore > types of fell1653 steel-ore1661 bing ore (or simply bing)1686 white lead orea1728 green lead ore1728 blanch1747 red lead of Siberia1788 red lead ore1788 hedyphane1832 cerussite1850 silver lead1860 the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > carbonates > [noun] > orthorhombic > cerussite white lead orea1728 cerussite1850 a1728 J. Woodward Attempt Nat. Hist. Fossils Eng. (1729) 10 Spar, adhering to Stone, with Shoots of White-Lead-Ore crystalliz'd on its Surface. 1893 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 19 Aug. 416/1 Lead also occurs as carbonate ‘white lead ore’, especially in the Alston district. 1914 G. H. Cox Lead & Zinc Deposits Northwestern Illinois 38 White lead ore..usually occurs as small colorless crystals on the surfaces of cubes of galena. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022). > as lemmas white lead †b. After Latin use, lead was sometimes called black lead (= Latin plumbum nigrum) in contradistinction to white lead (plumbum album), used as a name for tin. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1567 J. Maplet Greene Forest f. 13 There are two sortes of Lead, the one white, and the other black... That other black Lead is found most in Cantabrie. 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. at Black-lead The common lead being the true black lead, so called by way of contradistinction from tin, otherwise called white lead. extracted from leadn.¹ white lead 2. red lead: a red oxide of lead obtained from litharge by exposing it to hot air, much used as a pigment; = minium n. white lead (or simply lead): a mixture of lead carbonate and hydrated lead oxide, much used as a pigment; = ceruse n. yellow lead: (see quot.). blue lead: see blue lead n.¹ ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > named colours > red or redness > red colouring matter > [noun] > red lead red leadc1450 minium1601 minion1621 litharge1683 the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > metals > specific elements > lead > [noun] > compounds > others litharge of goldc1400 red leadc1450 tetraethyl lead1923 plumbane1950 c1450 Middle Eng. Med. Bk. (Heinrich) 203 Tak..iij quarter of whyt led Tak a quart of oile and red led. 1658 W. Sanderson Graphice 54 Most excellent pure Virgin Colours are Ceruse and White leade. 1687 Philos. Trans. 1686–7 (Royal Soc.) 16 27 Red-lead, a colour unknown to the Antients. 1727 J. Swift Progress of Beauty in Misc. Last vol. ii. 250 White Lead was sent us to repair..A Lady's Face, and China-Ware. 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. (at cited word) The common calx of lead, red lead. 1827 R. Nesbit in J. M. Mitchell Mem. R. Nesbit (1858) iii. 80 It [the idol] was painted with red lead. 1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 747 Lead ores... 12. Yellow lead. Molybdate of lead. 1844 G. Fownes Man. Elem. Chem. 294 Red oxide; red lead. 1844 G. Fownes Man. Elem. Chem. 295 Carbonate of lead; white lead. extracted from leadn.¹ < n.lOE as lemmas
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white leadn.

Compounds

> as lemmas