white horsen.

Brit.

/ˌwʌɪt ˈhɔːs/, U.S.

/ˌ(h)waɪt ˈhɔrs/

Forms: see white adj. and n. and horse n. Also with capital initials.

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: white adj., horse n.

Etymology: < white adj. + horse n.Compare the following early reference in Latin to the hill of the White Horse near Uffington (compare sense 1a), which implies currency as a place name in English in the 12th cent.:a1170 in M. Gelling Place-names Berks. (1974) II. 380 [Locus] qui uulgo mons albi equi nuncupatur. The surname Stephanus de Blanc Cheval (1221), recorded from Berkshire, may also reflect this place name. Compare also the surnames W. de le Whytehors (1285, Warwickshire), W. atte Whytehorse (1312, Gloucestershire), both probably deriving from names of inns, and hence implying earlier currency of sense 1b.

1. A representation of a white horse.

a. Any of a number of figures of a horse cut into the chalk downs of southern England.There are fourteen white horses extant, and they were once popularly believed to be of Saxon origin (cf. sense 1c). The oldest and best known dates from c1000 b.c. and is located near Uffington in Oxfordshire (formerly Berkshire). From the mid-17th to the 20th centuries a regular scouring of the Uffington horse, accompanied by festivities, was undertaken to prevent it becoming overgrown.Frequently in the name of the Vale of (the) White Horse in Oxfordshire (cf. quots. 1368-9, 1577, 1675).

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > representation in art > [noun] > an artistic representation > of living thing > animal > specific

white horse1273

lintworm1423

serpentinec1440

horsec1540

wolf1562

whelk?1578

snake1579

snake-head1865

singerie1920

1273 Inquisition Post Mortem (P.R.O.: C 133/2/6) m. 3 Manerium de Cumpton iuxta le Witehors.

1368–9 Close Roll, 42 Edward III (P.R.O.: C 54/206) m. 6^v Gerard del Isle tient en Kyngeston en la vale de Whithors .j. fee.

1577 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Islande Brit. i. xiii. f. 38^v/2, in R. Holinshed Chron. I The famous vales in Englande, of which one is called the Vale of white horse.

1675 J. Ogilby Britannia 161 You..cross the Vale of White Horse, or Berkshire Vale.

1720 Magna Britannia I. 171/1 Others imagine Hengist to have made the White Horse on the Edge of the Hill.

1764 Eng. Illustr. I. 19 It has been a custom immemorial for the neighbouring peasants to assemble on a certain day about Midsummer, and clear away the weeds from this white horse..; after which the evening is spent in mirth and festivity.

1856 C. Knight Pop. Hist. Eng. I. vii. 98 The White Horse of the Saxon race has been held to be a monument of the Saxon victory.

1859 Ld. Tennyson Enid in Idylls of King 95 As now Men weed the white horse on the Berkshire hills To keep him bright and clean.

1927 N. Amer. Rev. Nov. 556 A White Horse on Bratton Hill, near Westbury, may at least claim ancient descent, since it is the modern representative of a far older animal which occupied the site.

1988 Globe & Mail (Toronto) (Nexis) 30 Apr. The White Horses of Wiltshire have been cleaned and rechalked periodically since ancient times.

b. In the names of various inns or pubs having a sign depicting a white horse.

ΚΠ

1525 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles II. f. cccv/2 All they waye that he rode he hadde good chere, and was lodged at the whyte horse.

1637 J. Taylor Carriers Cosmogr. sig. B3^v The Carrier of Lincolne doth lodge at the white Horse without Cripplegate.

1781 C. Macaulay Hist. Eng. VII. ii. 113 Fifty Jesuits had met..at the White-horse tavern, where it was unanimously agreed to put the king to death.

1899 F. W. Hackwood Olden Wednesbury viii. 21/1 The set of good fellows who met at the White Horse.

1999 S. Stewart Sharking i. 21 We'd head down the White Horse and start whoring around for free drinks.

c. A white horse as the ancient emblem of the Saxons, and hence later of the county of Kent and of the royal house of Hanover (and of various regions in northern Germany).In quot. 1856 with reference to the army of King Alfred of Wessex. The Saxon emblem was formerly sometimes speculatively linked to the White Horse of Uffington and its carving attributed to Alfred. However, it appears to be clearly attested no earlier than in the heraldry of the house of Welf in Saxony.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > indication > insignia > [noun] > specific emblems, badges, or cognizances > national

ravenOE

thistle1488

red cross1523

St George's cross1548

Britannia1605

red rose1618

British Lion1687

shamrock1712

leek1714

American eagle1782

rising sun1787

white horse1814

Bird of Freedom1825

Union Jack1847

maple leaf1860

meatball1919

red star1920

hammer and sickle1921

chakra1947

society > communication > indication > insignia > [noun] > specific emblems, badges, or cognizances > of noble houses

ragged staff1397

red rose1415

rosea1460

white rosea1460

Stafford knot1552

white horse1814

1814 W. Scott Waverley I. xi. 152 May the white horse [of Hanover] break his neck over a mound of his making!

1856 C. Knight Pop. Hist. Eng. I. vii. 100 The banner of the White Horse floated triumphantly over the Danish raven.

1908 W. Johnson Folk-memory xv. 330 The White Horse on the banner and arms of Kent.

†2. The shagreen ray, Leucoraja fullonica. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > fish > subclass Elasmobranchii > order Hypotremata > [noun] > family Rajidae > miscellaneous types

miller1620

white horse1686

friar-skate1811

thornback skate1875

tobacco-box1877

blonde ray1925

rajiform1976

1686 F. Willughby & J. Ray De Hist. Piscium iii. xvii. 78 (heading) Raia aspera nostras, the White horse.

1752 J. Hill Gen. Nat. Hist. III. 307 Raia toto dorso aculeato... This species is frequent in our own and other of the Northern Seas... Our common people call it the white Horse.

1811 Mem. Wernerian Nat. Hist. Soc. 1 554 The White-horse, Raia fullonica, has been seen in the market; but I have never met with it.

3. A high, fast-moving, white-crested wave. Also: the crest of such a wave.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > wave > types of waves > [noun] > white-crested

whitecap1773

white horse1805

seahorse1877

skipper's daughters1888

wave-horse1888

1805 R. Wilson Diary 5 Nov. in Life (1862) I. v. 271 The sea here is high, and the wind blows strong from the S.E., so that white horses cover the ocean.

1834 T. Medwin Angler in Wales I. 174 I like to see the pool strongly agitated, and full of what the Genevese call ‘moutons’ and the Irish ‘white horses’.

1848 C. A. Johns Week at Lizard ii. 101 Every wave has a white crest, or, as mariners say, the sea is covered with ‘white horses’.

1888 H. R. Haggard Mr. Meeson's Will v. 77 Looking at the ‘white horses’ chasing each other across the watery plain.

1939 E. D. Laborde tr. E. de Martonne Shorter Physical Geogr. (rev. ed.) vi. 104 The velocity of the wind suddenly increases and causes the wave crests to topple over, thus producing white-horses.

2000 Dive Nov. 43/1 The wind was freshening all the time and the waves were already showing white horses.

4. Whaling. A tough sinewy substance lying between the upper jaw and junk of a sperm whale. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > order Cetacea (whales) > suborder Odontoceti > [noun] > family Physeteridae > genus Physeter (sperm whale) > parts of > other parts

case1833

white horse1846

sleigh1874

1846 J. R. Browne Etchings Whaling Cruise 130 The white, hard blocks, containing but little oil, and which are found near the small, and at the flukes, are called ‘white horse’.

1851 H. Melville Moby-Dick xciv. 465 White-horse,..obtained from the tapering part of the fish, and also from the thicker portions of his flukes.

1861 Sailor's Mag. Dec. 107/1 The head of the sperm whale is entirely different,..the front being composed of what is called ‘white horse’, a hard substance without oil.

1908 J. R. Spears Story New Eng. Whalers x. 277 The lower jaw was long and slender. The part above the mouth was composed of a tough gristle called ‘white-horse’.

1998 L. E. Davis et al. Pursuit of Leviathan ix. 343 Whalemen took five materials from the sperm whale: case oil, the junk, white horse, blubber, and, if they were lucky, ambergris.

5. An evergreen shrub or small tree with large, fragrant, trumpet-shaped white flowers, Portlandia grandiflora (family Rubiaceae), native to the West Indies. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > shrubs > non-British shrubs > [noun] > American or West Indian

ramgoat bush1566

burton-wood1697

cowage cherry1725

Jack-in-the-busha1726

screw tree1739

lady of the night1752

goatweed1756

solandra1797

silk-tassel1833

garrya1835

matico1839

choisya1840

Romneya1845

jointer1847

creosote-bush1851

creosote-plant1854

bridal wreath1856

ocotillo1856

adelaster1863

sage rose1864

white horse1864

tree poppy1866

Tacsonia1869

rain tree1877

piquillin bush1884

tassel-bush1891

bush poppy1899

Mexican orange1923

shrimp plant1941

1864 A. H. R. Grisebach Flora Brit. W. Indian Islands 788/2 White-horse: Portlandia grandiflora.

1938 Rep. 1937–8 Agri-hort. Soc. Madras 19 In the beds planted with flowering shrubs, Portlandia grandiflora ‘The White Horse’ made further growth and was at intervals in gorgeous bloom.

1967 B. P. Pal & S. Krishnamurthi Flowering Shrubs 142 (table) Portlandia grandiflora... White Horse... White bracts.

6. Scottish. Mining. Whitish rock forming an intrusion in a coal seam. Cf. horse n. 11a. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > minerals > mineral deposits > features of stratum or vein > [noun] > obstruction or fault

rider1653

fore-stone1668

jamb1721

septuma1728

horse1778

fault1796

heave1802

girdle1819

burnt stuff1852

swine back1883

white horse1886

1886 J. Barrowman Gloss. Sc. Mining Terms 72 White horse, intruded white trap in a coal seam.

1902 R. W. Dron Coal-fields 31 The whin is generally altered into a soft white rock, known to the miners as ‘white horse’.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	white horse
释义	white horsen. Brit. /ˌwʌɪt ˈhɔːs/, U.S. /ˌ(h)waɪt ˈhɔrs/ Forms: see white adj. and n. and horse n. Also with capital initials. Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: white adj., horse n. Etymology: < white adj. + horse n.Compare the following early reference in Latin to the hill of the White Horse near Uffington (compare sense 1a), which implies currency as a place name in English in the 12th cent.:a1170 in M. Gelling Place-names Berks. (1974) II. 380 [Locus] qui uulgo mons albi equi nuncupatur. The surname Stephanus de Blanc Cheval (1221), recorded from Berkshire, may also reflect this place name. Compare also the surnames W. de le Whytehors (1285, Warwickshire), W. atte Whytehorse (1312, Gloucestershire), both probably deriving from names of inns, and hence implying earlier currency of sense 1b. 1. A representation of a white horse. a. Any of a number of figures of a horse cut into the chalk downs of southern England.There are fourteen white horses extant, and they were once popularly believed to be of Saxon origin (cf. sense 1c). The oldest and best known dates from c1000 b.c. and is located near Uffington in Oxfordshire (formerly Berkshire). From the mid-17th to the 20th centuries a regular scouring of the Uffington horse, accompanied by festivities, was undertaken to prevent it becoming overgrown.Frequently in the name of the Vale of (the) White Horse in Oxfordshire (cf. quots. 1368-9, 1577, 1675). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > representation in art > [noun] > an artistic representation > of living thing > animal > specific white horse1273 lintworm1423 serpentinec1440 horsec1540 wolf1562 whelk?1578 snake1579 snake-head1865 singerie1920 1273 Inquisition Post Mortem (P.R.O.: C 133/2/6) m. 3 Manerium de Cumpton iuxta le Witehors. 1368–9 Close Roll, 42 Edward III (P.R.O.: C 54/206) m. 6^v Gerard del Isle tient en Kyngeston en la vale de Whithors .j. fee. 1577 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Islande Brit. i. xiii. f. 38^v/2, in R. Holinshed Chron. I The famous vales in Englande, of which one is called the Vale of white horse. 1675 J. Ogilby Britannia 161 You..cross the Vale of White Horse, or Berkshire Vale. 1720 Magna Britannia I. 171/1 Others imagine Hengist to have made the White Horse on the Edge of the Hill. 1764 Eng. Illustr. I. 19 It has been a custom immemorial for the neighbouring peasants to assemble on a certain day about Midsummer, and clear away the weeds from this white horse..; after which the evening is spent in mirth and festivity. 1856 C. Knight Pop. Hist. Eng. I. vii. 98 The White Horse of the Saxon race has been held to be a monument of the Saxon victory. 1859 Ld. Tennyson Enid in Idylls of King 95 As now Men weed the white horse on the Berkshire hills To keep him bright and clean. 1927 N. Amer. Rev. Nov. 556 A White Horse on Bratton Hill, near Westbury, may at least claim ancient descent, since it is the modern representative of a far older animal which occupied the site. 1988 Globe & Mail (Toronto) (Nexis) 30 Apr. The White Horses of Wiltshire have been cleaned and rechalked periodically since ancient times. b. In the names of various inns or pubs having a sign depicting a white horse. ΚΠ 1525 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles II. f. cccv/2 All they waye that he rode he hadde good chere, and was lodged at the whyte horse. 1637 J. Taylor Carriers Cosmogr. sig. B3^v The Carrier of Lincolne doth lodge at the white Horse without Cripplegate. 1781 C. Macaulay Hist. Eng. VII. ii. 113 Fifty Jesuits had met..at the White-horse tavern, where it was unanimously agreed to put the king to death. 1899 F. W. Hackwood Olden Wednesbury viii. 21/1 The set of good fellows who met at the White Horse. 1999 S. Stewart Sharking i. 21 We'd head down the White Horse and start whoring around for free drinks. c. A white horse as the ancient emblem of the Saxons, and hence later of the county of Kent and of the royal house of Hanover (and of various regions in northern Germany).In quot. 1856 with reference to the army of King Alfred of Wessex. The Saxon emblem was formerly sometimes speculatively linked to the White Horse of Uffington and its carving attributed to Alfred. However, it appears to be clearly attested no earlier than in the heraldry of the house of Welf in Saxony. ΘΚΠ society > communication > indication > insignia > [noun] > specific emblems, badges, or cognizances > national ravenOE thistle1488 red cross1523 St George's cross1548 Britannia1605 red rose1618 British Lion1687 shamrock1712 leek1714 American eagle1782 rising sun1787 white horse1814 Bird of Freedom1825 Union Jack1847 maple leaf1860 meatball1919 red star1920 hammer and sickle1921 chakra1947 society > communication > indication > insignia > [noun] > specific emblems, badges, or cognizances > of noble houses ragged staff1397 red rose1415 rosea1460 white rosea1460 Stafford knot1552 white horse1814 1814 W. Scott Waverley I. xi. 152 May the white horse [of Hanover] break his neck over a mound of his making! 1856 C. Knight Pop. Hist. Eng. I. vii. 100 The banner of the White Horse floated triumphantly over the Danish raven. 1908 W. Johnson Folk-memory xv. 330 The White Horse on the banner and arms of Kent. †2. The shagreen ray, Leucoraja fullonica. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > subclass Elasmobranchii > order Hypotremata > [noun] > family Rajidae > miscellaneous types miller1620 white horse1686 friar-skate1811 thornback skate1875 tobacco-box1877 blonde ray1925 rajiform1976 1686 F. Willughby & J. Ray De Hist. Piscium iii. xvii. 78 (heading) Raia aspera nostras, the White horse. 1752 J. Hill Gen. Nat. Hist. III. 307 Raia toto dorso aculeato... This species is frequent in our own and other of the Northern Seas... Our common people call it the white Horse. 1811 Mem. Wernerian Nat. Hist. Soc. 1 554 The White-horse, Raia fullonica, has been seen in the market; but I have never met with it. 3. A high, fast-moving, white-crested wave. Also: the crest of such a wave. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > wave > types of waves > [noun] > white-crested whitecap1773 white horse1805 seahorse1877 skipper's daughters1888 wave-horse1888 1805 R. Wilson Diary 5 Nov. in Life (1862) I. v. 271 The sea here is high, and the wind blows strong from the S.E., so that white horses cover the ocean. 1834 T. Medwin Angler in Wales I. 174 I like to see the pool strongly agitated, and full of what the Genevese call ‘moutons’ and the Irish ‘white horses’. 1848 C. A. Johns Week at Lizard ii. 101 Every wave has a white crest, or, as mariners say, the sea is covered with ‘white horses’. 1888 H. R. Haggard Mr. Meeson's Will v. 77 Looking at the ‘white horses’ chasing each other across the watery plain. 1939 E. D. Laborde tr. E. de Martonne Shorter Physical Geogr. (rev. ed.) vi. 104 The velocity of the wind suddenly increases and causes the wave crests to topple over, thus producing white-horses. 2000 Dive Nov. 43/1 The wind was freshening all the time and the waves were already showing white horses. 4. Whaling. A tough sinewy substance lying between the upper jaw and junk of a sperm whale. Now historical. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > order Cetacea (whales) > suborder Odontoceti > [noun] > family Physeteridae > genus Physeter (sperm whale) > parts of > other parts case1833 white horse1846 sleigh1874 1846 J. R. Browne Etchings Whaling Cruise 130 The white, hard blocks, containing but little oil, and which are found near the small, and at the flukes, are called ‘white horse’. 1851 H. Melville Moby-Dick xciv. 465 White-horse,..obtained from the tapering part of the fish, and also from the thicker portions of his flukes. 1861 Sailor's Mag. Dec. 107/1 The head of the sperm whale is entirely different,..the front being composed of what is called ‘white horse’, a hard substance without oil. 1908 J. R. Spears Story New Eng. Whalers x. 277 The lower jaw was long and slender. The part above the mouth was composed of a tough gristle called ‘white-horse’. 1998 L. E. Davis et al. Pursuit of Leviathan ix. 343 Whalemen took five materials from the sperm whale: case oil, the junk, white horse, blubber, and, if they were lucky, ambergris. 5. An evergreen shrub or small tree with large, fragrant, trumpet-shaped white flowers, Portlandia grandiflora (family Rubiaceae), native to the West Indies. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > shrubs > non-British shrubs > [noun] > American or West Indian ramgoat bush1566 burton-wood1697 cowage cherry1725 Jack-in-the-busha1726 screw tree1739 lady of the night1752 goatweed1756 solandra1797 silk-tassel1833 garrya1835 matico1839 choisya1840 Romneya1845 jointer1847 creosote-bush1851 creosote-plant1854 bridal wreath1856 ocotillo1856 adelaster1863 sage rose1864 white horse1864 tree poppy1866 Tacsonia1869 rain tree1877 piquillin bush1884 tassel-bush1891 bush poppy1899 Mexican orange1923 shrimp plant1941 1864 A. H. R. Grisebach Flora Brit. W. Indian Islands 788/2 White-horse: Portlandia grandiflora. 1938 Rep. 1937–8 Agri-hort. Soc. Madras 19 In the beds planted with flowering shrubs, Portlandia grandiflora ‘The White Horse’ made further growth and was at intervals in gorgeous bloom. 1967 B. P. Pal & S. Krishnamurthi Flowering Shrubs 142 (table) Portlandia grandiflora... White Horse... White bracts. 6. Scottish. Mining. Whitish rock forming an intrusion in a coal seam. Cf. horse n. 11a. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > minerals > mineral deposits > features of stratum or vein > [noun] > obstruction or fault rider1653 fore-stone1668 jamb1721 septuma1728 horse1778 fault1796 heave1802 girdle1819 burnt stuff1852 swine back1883 white horse1886 1886 J. Barrowman Gloss. Sc. Mining Terms 72 White horse, intruded white trap in a coal seam. 1902 R. W. Dron Coal-fields 31 The whin is generally altered into a soft white rock, known to the miners as ‘white horse’. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1273
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