whollyadv.

Brit.

/ˈhəʊlli/, U.S.

/ˈhoʊl(l)i/

Forms: Middle English hoely, Middle English hoillich, Middle English holelich, Middle English holeliche, Middle English holelych, Middle English holi, Middle English holich, Middle English holiche, Middle English holleche, Middle English holli, Middle English hollich, Middle English holliche, Middle English hollych, Middle English hollyche, Middle English holych, Middle English holyche, Middle English holyke, Middle English hooli, Middle English hoolich, Middle English hooliche, Middle English hoolli, Middle English hoolliche, Middle English hoyly, Middle English–1500s holie, Middle English–1500s holly, Middle English–1500s hollye, Middle English–1500s holy, Middle English–1500s hoolely, Middle English–1500s hoolly, Middle English–1500s hooly, Middle English–1500s hoolye, Middle English–1600s holely, late Middle English hallich (perhaps transmission error), 1500s hoally, 1500s holelie, 1500s holelye, 1500s holye, 1500s hoollye, 1500s whoely, 1500s wholi, 1500s–1600s wholelie, 1500s–1600s wholelye, 1500s–1600s wholie, 1500s–1600s whollie, 1500s–1600s whollye, 1500s–1600s wholye, 1500s–1600s whooly, 1500s–1700s wholey, 1500s–1700s wholy, 1500s– wholely, 1500s– wholly, 1600s wholeley, 1600s wholley, 1600s whoolly; English regional 1800s– whully, 1900s– holly, 1900s– hooly, 1900s– whoolly, 1900s– whooly; also Scottish pre-1700 holelie, pre-1700 holelye, pre-1700 holie, pre-1700 quhollie, pre-1700 quholly, pre-1700 whoillie, pre-1700 wholeye, pre-1700 wholie, pre-1700 whollelie, pre-1700 wquholly, pre-1700 1700s whollie, pre-1700 1700s wholy. See also halely adv.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to Old Frisian -hēllike (in alhēllike : see all-wholly adv.), Middle Dutch heellike (Dutch heellijk ), Middle Low German hēillīken , hēilīke , all in sense ‘completely’ < the Germanic base of whole adj. + the Germanic base of -ly suffix². Compare also Old High German heillīhho healthily (Middle High German heillīche ), which may alternatively show a derivation from the base of a noun probably cognate with whole adj. (see discussion at holy adj.).The modern standard spelling wholly (the dominant form since the 16th cent.) reflects a Middle English form with shortening of the vowel before a double consonant (compare holly, the most frequently attested form in Middle English). The modern standard pronunciation reflects a Middle English form with a long vowel restored by analogy with whole adj. (compare the forms hoolly, found with some frequency in 15th-cent. manuscripts, and wholely, rarely found after the 17th cent.). Compare halely adv. Compare yholliche adv. at yhole adj. Derivatives.

In early use sometimes in pleonastic combination with all; cf. whole adj. 8.

a. Completely, entirely; to the full extent or amount; altogether, totally, thoroughly.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > completeness > [adverb]

fullyeOE

allesOE

fullOE

rightc1175

everydealc1300

wholec1300

whollya1325

finelyc1330

fairly1340

completec1374

gainlya1375

clearly1377

freelya1393

plaina1393

entire?a1400

entirelyc1400

oddlyc1400

sufficientlyc1440

expressc1475

totally1509

completely1526

finec1530

exactly?1531

sincerely1576

start1599

fillingly1611

circularly1618

solid1651

out-over1745

rotundly1775

roundedly?1802

whole hog1840

clear-away1883

whole cloth1917

righteous1948

a1325 Statutes of Realm in MS Rawl. B.520 f. 56 Ant ȝif ani his ipult out of suuche entre sal he recoueren his seisine of him pleinliche ant holliche ase he þe oþere les.

a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 495 (MED) Nis he holly at my hest in hard & in nesche?

a1450 York Plays (1885) 40 (MED) Þai shall be..for-done hoyly, hyde and hewe.

1549 R. Crowley Voyce Laste Trumpet sig. Biii^v Do thy selfe whoely addresse To walke in thy vocation.

1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 270 The Archers of England shot so wholy together, that the Frenche men were faine to geue place.

1602 W. Watson Decacordon Ten Quodlibeticall Questions 355 Amor & dilectio (both loue in English) were the words most, & all wholy in request.

1629 W. Prynne Church of Englands Old Antithesis 70 M. Bradford..makes wholy for our present Tenent.

1715 J. T. Desaguliers tr. N. Gauger Fires Improv'd 79 Such a Capital will wholly hinder the Wind from going into the Chimney.

1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 14 Wholly unacquainted with the world in which they are so fond of meddling.

1833 H. Martineau Tale of Tyne i. 5 We were wholly at a loss what to do.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. iii. 358 The great majority of the houses..have..been wholly, or in great part, rebuilt.

1918 Cornhill Mag. June 636 His words..were wholly admirable and true.

1955 Times 17 May 3/3 Orchestras being suggestible by professional training cannot wholly eliminate from their playing the implications of a conductor's gestures.

2010 T. Blair Journey iii. 71 He could..occasionally make you see something in a wholly different light.

b. So as to exclude everything else; solely, exclusively, only, without exception.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > completeness > [adverb] > fully or to full extent or in full > with no exceptions

whollyc1390

c1390 in C. Brown Relig. Lyrics 14th Cent. (1924) 169 (MED) Wolde we..mak him hollych vr gouernour.

a1450 Castle Perseverance (1969) 594 Goddys seruyse þou must forsake And holy to þe Werld þe take.

a1475 J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. (Laud) (1885) 152 (MED) Nor..the gretteste lordes off Englond mey make so gret a myghte as þe kynge mey haue only off his officers, yff thai were holliche and only is seruantes.

1551 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. New Test. Luke xxii. f. ccclxvii^v Neither shall he take the laude and praise vnto himselfe, but referre the same entierly and whollye vnto God.

1603 G. Owen Descr. Penbrokshire (1891) 47 Inhabited wholelye by Welshmen.

1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xxx. 180 The Instruction of the people, dependeth wholly, on the right teaching of Youth.

1710 H. Prideaux Orig. & Right Tithes ii. 67 They shall give up themselves wholy hereto without entangling themselves with the World.

1756 E. Burke Vindic. Nat. Society 5 Diet..confined almost wholly to the vegetable Kind.

1847 C. Brontë Jane Eyre II. ii. 33 My ear was wholly intent on analyzing the mingled sounds.

1859 Ld. Tennyson Enid in Idylls of King 24 A creature wholly given to brawls and wine.

1919 Mariner's Mirror 5 69 People of Eskimo type, whose range..was wholly circumpolar.

1969 D. J. Wilcox Devel. Florentine Humanist Historiogr. in 15th Cent. ii. 49 The passage devoted to Walter's tenure of power is..wholly devoted to Walter's institutional changes.

2000 J. Simpson Mad World, my Masters (2001) iii. 95 The ICRC's basic problem during the Second World War was that it was a wholly Swiss organisation.

2. As a whole, in its entirety; in full, throughout. Formerly also (with reference to a plural or collective noun): †all together, in a body (obsolete). Now rare and somewhat archaic.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > [adverb]

yhollichec1315

whollyc1330

halelya1400

integrally1471

halec1480

integrately1485

entirely1491

wholewise1674

the world > relative properties > wholeness > the whole or all > [adverb] > all taken collectively

whollyc1330

generallyc1350

riff and raff?a1400

overhead1483

collectively1597

accumulatively1645

aggregately1660

complexly1660

collectedlya1687

together1849

the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > [adverb] > in one assembly (of people or animals)

together707

togethersc1175

ymonec1300

i-samec1320

whollyc1330

in numbera1375

sam1390

insamea1400

bedene1522

c1330 (?c1300) Speculum Guy (Auch.) (1898) l. 353 (MED) Þe fourme of þre children he mette, Þre he sauh..Holliche as on he grette hem þere, In tokne of o god.

1395 in F. J. Furnivall Fifty Earliest Eng. Wills (1882) 8 To parfourne holelich and trewlich this..testament.

?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) i. 1733 Alle holy [a1450 Lamb. al holyke] com þer flote in Dertmuthe.

?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) i. l. 13775 Þre ȝere holy was he kyng.

c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xvii. 25 Abraham..seigh holy [c1400 Trin. Cambr. B.15.17 hoolly] þe Trinite, Thre persones in parcelles departable fro other.

1512 Act 4 Hen. VIII c. 18 §1 As yf all the..purporte of the same Commission ware in this present acte holly and particularly rehersed.

1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. lv. 119 That infinite word..could not in part but must needes be wholie incarnate.

1611 Bible (King James) Lev. vi. 23 Euery meat offering for the Priest shal be wholly burnt: it shall not be eaten.

1681 J. Flavell Method of Grace xxxi. 536 Non omnis moriar, I shall not wholly die; there is a life I live which death cannot touch.

1711 R. Steele Spectator No. 158. ⁋4 I would have a Spectator wholly writ upon Good-breeding.

1740 Ars Notariatus ii. i. 46 Every Writing is individuous, i. e. it must be admitted wholly or rejected wholly, except it consist of divers Articles of separate Matter.

1824 W. Scott Redgauntlet I. xi. 244 He..took off the brandy wholely at twa draughts.

1856 J. Ruskin Mod. Painters III. 82 A man who can see truth at all, sees it wholly, and neither desires nor dares to mutilate it.

1915 D. H. Lawrence Rainbow xii. 327 Then, and then only..could he act wholely, without cynicism and unreality.

2013 G. Hubbard & T. Kane Balance xiii. 279 The other cried out and begged Solomon not to slay the child, but rather to give it wholly to the first woman.

3. Wholeheartedly, sincerely, earnestly; firmly, steadfastly; solemnly.In later use often merging with senses 1a, 1b.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > sincerity, freedom from deceit > [adverb]

utterly?c1225

entirelya1340

faithlyc1350

without (but) feigningc1380

clearly1389

whollyc1390

unfeigninglyc1400

entirec1430

unfeigneda1469

without coloura1513

honestly1526

singly1526

unfeignedly1526

uncolourably1541

bona fide1542

frankly?1553

sincerely1560

squarely1564

uprightly1565

square1577

single-mindedly1579

undissemblinglyc1585

above board1599

fair and square1604

downright1607

downrightly1632

really1641

uncasuistly1649

honest1654

up tro1654

plain-heartedly1675

unaffectedly1677

straightforwardly1839

wholeheartedly1845

unfallaciously1852

up and down1854

single-heartedly1857

unflatteringly1874

uncynically1895

square on1963

c1390 in F. J. Furnivall Minor Poems Vernon MS (1901) ii. 718 (MED) Holliche I ou Rede..Þat vch a Mon vp wiþ þe hede, And Mayntene him.

a1425 (?c1384) J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) III. 365 (MED) Crist..lovede hoolliche his chirche.

a1500 (c1370) G. Chaucer Complaint to his Lady (BL Add.) (1886) l. 122 (MED) With right buxum hert holy I prey.

c1600 (?c1395) Pierce Ploughman's Crede (Trin. Cambr. R.3.15) (1873) l. 276 (MED) A Menour haþ me holly by-hyȝt to helen my soule.

a1617 P. Baynes Entire Comm. Epist. Paul to Ephesians (1643) 648 Christ as a minister of the people, by his humane will, did wholly wish the good as well of one as the other.

1732 P. Smith Preservative against Quakerism 154 A reigning habitual prevailing Power, which he prays wholly to be kept from.

1872 L. V. French My Roses xiv. 183 I love you wholly; perhaps, solely.

1900 Dome 5 179 Still I cannot pray wholly, there is a dark, hard corner, a reservation.

2004 E. Giffin Something Borrowed (2011) xxv. 382 I do love Dex... I love him wholly and unconditionally and without reservation.

Compounds

wholly-owned adj. owned in its entirety; (chiefly Business) designating a company all of whose shares are owned by another company.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > business affairs > a business or company > [adjective] > other types of company

capitalless1837

merged1839

multinational1854

co-op1872

acquiring1880

syndicated1889

trustified1890

bottom-heavy1895

prospectusless1898

wholly-owned1906

semi-pro1908

not-for-profit1913

blue chip1924

mature1928

geared1930

liquid1930

footloose1939

monoline1958

boutique1968

greenfield1969

me-too1976

semi-professional1976

demerged1980

unbundled1980

multidomestic1982

unorganized1986

1906 Cosmopolitan Mar. 497/2 The Vanderbilts..have in the total a wholly owned fortune of nearly half a thousand millions.

1921 Spicer Manufacturing Co. Ann. Rep. 1920 The true financial position of the corporation and its wholly owned subsidiaries.

1976 Scotsman 20 Nov. 3/2 The plan is recommended by the boards of all the companies, who will become wholly-owned subsidiaries of the new Malaysian group.

2001 Drapers Rec. 28 Apr. 1/3 Jaeger has 56 wholly-owned standalone stores.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2015; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	wholly
释义	whollyadv. Brit. /ˈhəʊlli/, U.S. /ˈhoʊl(l)i/ Forms: Middle English hoely, Middle English hoillich, Middle English holelich, Middle English holeliche, Middle English holelych, Middle English holi, Middle English holich, Middle English holiche, Middle English holleche, Middle English holli, Middle English hollich, Middle English holliche, Middle English hollych, Middle English hollyche, Middle English holych, Middle English holyche, Middle English holyke, Middle English hooli, Middle English hoolich, Middle English hooliche, Middle English hoolli, Middle English hoolliche, Middle English hoyly, Middle English–1500s holie, Middle English–1500s holly, Middle English–1500s hollye, Middle English–1500s holy, Middle English–1500s hoolely, Middle English–1500s hoolly, Middle English–1500s hooly, Middle English–1500s hoolye, Middle English–1600s holely, late Middle English hallich (perhaps transmission error), 1500s hoally, 1500s holelie, 1500s holelye, 1500s holye, 1500s hoollye, 1500s whoely, 1500s wholi, 1500s–1600s wholelie, 1500s–1600s wholelye, 1500s–1600s wholie, 1500s–1600s whollie, 1500s–1600s whollye, 1500s–1600s wholye, 1500s–1600s whooly, 1500s–1700s wholey, 1500s–1700s wholy, 1500s– wholely, 1500s– wholly, 1600s wholeley, 1600s wholley, 1600s whoolly; English regional 1800s– whully, 1900s– holly, 1900s– hooly, 1900s– whoolly, 1900s– whooly; also Scottish pre-1700 holelie, pre-1700 holelye, pre-1700 holie, pre-1700 quhollie, pre-1700 quholly, pre-1700 whoillie, pre-1700 wholeye, pre-1700 wholie, pre-1700 whollelie, pre-1700 wquholly, pre-1700 1700s whollie, pre-1700 1700s wholy. See also halely adv. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to Old Frisian -hēllike (in alhēllike : see all-wholly adv.), Middle Dutch heellike (Dutch heellijk ), Middle Low German hēillīken , hēilīke , all in sense ‘completely’ < the Germanic base of whole adj. + the Germanic base of -ly suffix². Compare also Old High German heillīhho healthily (Middle High German heillīche ), which may alternatively show a derivation from the base of a noun probably cognate with whole adj. (see discussion at holy adj.).The modern standard spelling wholly (the dominant form since the 16th cent.) reflects a Middle English form with shortening of the vowel before a double consonant (compare holly, the most frequently attested form in Middle English). The modern standard pronunciation reflects a Middle English form with a long vowel restored by analogy with whole adj. (compare the forms hoolly, found with some frequency in 15th-cent. manuscripts, and wholely, rarely found after the 17th cent.). Compare halely adv. Compare yholliche adv. at yhole adj. Derivatives. In early use sometimes in pleonastic combination with all; cf. whole adj. 8. 1. a. Completely, entirely; to the full extent or amount; altogether, totally, thoroughly. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > completeness > [adverb] fullyeOE allesOE fullOE rightc1175 everydealc1300 wholec1300 whollya1325 finelyc1330 fairly1340 completec1374 gainlya1375 clearly1377 freelya1393 plaina1393 entire?a1400 entirelyc1400 oddlyc1400 sufficientlyc1440 expressc1475 totally1509 completely1526 finec1530 exactly?1531 sincerely1576 start1599 fillingly1611 circularly1618 solid1651 out-over1745 rotundly1775 roundedly?1802 whole hog1840 clear-away1883 whole cloth1917 righteous1948 a1325 Statutes of Realm in MS Rawl. B.520 f. 56 Ant ȝif ani his ipult out of suuche entre sal he recoueren his seisine of him pleinliche ant holliche ase he þe oþere les. a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 495 (MED) Nis he holly at my hest in hard & in nesche? a1450 York Plays (1885) 40 (MED) Þai shall be..for-done hoyly, hyde and hewe. 1549 R. Crowley Voyce Laste Trumpet sig. Biii^v Do thy selfe whoely addresse To walke in thy vocation. 1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 270 The Archers of England shot so wholy together, that the Frenche men were faine to geue place. 1602 W. Watson Decacordon Ten Quodlibeticall Questions 355 Amor & dilectio (both loue in English) were the words most, & all wholy in request. 1629 W. Prynne Church of Englands Old Antithesis 70 M. Bradford..makes wholy for our present Tenent. 1715 J. T. Desaguliers tr. N. Gauger Fires Improv'd 79 Such a Capital will wholly hinder the Wind from going into the Chimney. 1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 14 Wholly unacquainted with the world in which they are so fond of meddling. View more context for this quotation 1833 H. Martineau Tale of Tyne i. 5 We were wholly at a loss what to do. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. iii. 358 The great majority of the houses..have..been wholly, or in great part, rebuilt. 1918 Cornhill Mag. June 636 His words..were wholly admirable and true. 1955 Times 17 May 3/3 Orchestras being suggestible by professional training cannot wholly eliminate from their playing the implications of a conductor's gestures. 2010 T. Blair Journey iii. 71 He could..occasionally make you see something in a wholly different light. b. So as to exclude everything else; solely, exclusively, only, without exception. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > completeness > [adverb] > fully or to full extent or in full > with no exceptions whollyc1390 c1390 in C. Brown Relig. Lyrics 14th Cent. (1924) 169 (MED) Wolde we..mak him hollych vr gouernour. a1450 Castle Perseverance (1969) 594 Goddys seruyse þou must forsake And holy to þe Werld þe take. a1475 J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. (Laud) (1885) 152 (MED) Nor..the gretteste lordes off Englond mey make so gret a myghte as þe kynge mey haue only off his officers, yff thai were holliche and only is seruantes. 1551 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. New Test. Luke xxii. f. ccclxvii^v Neither shall he take the laude and praise vnto himselfe, but referre the same entierly and whollye vnto God. 1603 G. Owen Descr. Penbrokshire (1891) 47 Inhabited wholelye by Welshmen. 1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xxx. 180 The Instruction of the people, dependeth wholly, on the right teaching of Youth. 1710 H. Prideaux Orig. & Right Tithes ii. 67 They shall give up themselves wholy hereto without entangling themselves with the World. 1756 E. Burke Vindic. Nat. Society 5 Diet..confined almost wholly to the vegetable Kind. 1847 C. Brontë Jane Eyre II. ii. 33 My ear was wholly intent on analyzing the mingled sounds. 1859 Ld. Tennyson Enid in Idylls of King 24 A creature wholly given to brawls and wine. 1919 Mariner's Mirror 5 69 People of Eskimo type, whose range..was wholly circumpolar. 1969 D. J. Wilcox Devel. Florentine Humanist Historiogr. in 15th Cent. ii. 49 The passage devoted to Walter's tenure of power is..wholly devoted to Walter's institutional changes. 2000 J. Simpson Mad World, my Masters (2001) iii. 95 The ICRC's basic problem during the Second World War was that it was a wholly Swiss organisation. 2. As a whole, in its entirety; in full, throughout. Formerly also (with reference to a plural or collective noun): †all together, in a body (obsolete). Now rare and somewhat archaic. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > [adverb] yhollichec1315 whollyc1330 halelya1400 integrally1471 halec1480 integrately1485 entirely1491 wholewise1674 the world > relative properties > wholeness > the whole or all > [adverb] > all taken collectively whollyc1330 generallyc1350 riff and raff?a1400 overhead1483 collectively1597 accumulatively1645 aggregately1660 complexly1660 collectedlya1687 together1849 the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > [adverb] > in one assembly (of people or animals) together707 togethersc1175 ymonec1300 i-samec1320 whollyc1330 in numbera1375 sam1390 insamea1400 bedene1522 c1330 (?c1300) Speculum Guy (Auch.) (1898) l. 353 (MED) Þe fourme of þre children he mette, Þre he sauh..Holliche as on he grette hem þere, In tokne of o god. 1395 in F. J. Furnivall Fifty Earliest Eng. Wills (1882) 8 To parfourne holelich and trewlich this..testament. ?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) i. 1733 Alle holy [a1450 Lamb. al holyke] com þer flote in Dertmuthe. ?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) i. l. 13775 Þre ȝere holy was he kyng. c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xvii. 25 Abraham..seigh holy [c1400 Trin. Cambr. B.15.17 hoolly] þe Trinite, Thre persones in parcelles departable fro other. 1512 Act 4 Hen. VIII c. 18 §1 As yf all the..purporte of the same Commission ware in this present acte holly and particularly rehersed. 1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. lv. 119 That infinite word..could not in part but must needes be wholie incarnate. 1611 Bible (King James) Lev. vi. 23 Euery meat offering for the Priest shal be wholly burnt: it shall not be eaten. View more context for this quotation 1681 J. Flavell Method of Grace xxxi. 536 Non omnis moriar, I shall not wholly die; there is a life I live which death cannot touch. 1711 R. Steele Spectator No. 158. ⁋4 I would have a Spectator wholly writ upon Good-breeding. 1740 Ars Notariatus ii. i. 46 Every Writing is individuous, i. e. it must be admitted wholly or rejected wholly, except it consist of divers Articles of separate Matter. 1824 W. Scott Redgauntlet I. xi. 244 He..took off the brandy wholely at twa draughts. 1856 J. Ruskin Mod. Painters III. 82 A man who can see truth at all, sees it wholly, and neither desires nor dares to mutilate it. 1915 D. H. Lawrence Rainbow xii. 327 Then, and then only..could he act wholely, without cynicism and unreality. 2013 G. Hubbard & T. Kane Balance xiii. 279 The other cried out and begged Solomon not to slay the child, but rather to give it wholly to the first woman. 3. Wholeheartedly, sincerely, earnestly; firmly, steadfastly; solemnly.In later use often merging with senses 1a, 1b. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > sincerity, freedom from deceit > [adverb] utterly?c1225 entirelya1340 faithlyc1350 without (but) feigningc1380 clearly1389 whollyc1390 unfeigninglyc1400 entirec1430 unfeigneda1469 without coloura1513 honestly1526 singly1526 unfeignedly1526 uncolourably1541 bona fide1542 frankly?1553 sincerely1560 squarely1564 uprightly1565 square1577 single-mindedly1579 undissemblinglyc1585 above board1599 fair and square1604 downright1607 downrightly1632 really1641 uncasuistly1649 honest1654 up tro1654 plain-heartedly1675 unaffectedly1677 straightforwardly1839 wholeheartedly1845 unfallaciously1852 up and down1854 single-heartedly1857 unflatteringly1874 uncynically1895 square on1963 c1390 in F. J. Furnivall Minor Poems Vernon MS (1901) ii. 718 (MED) Holliche I ou Rede..Þat vch a Mon vp wiþ þe hede, And Mayntene him. a1425 (?c1384) J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) III. 365 (MED) Crist..lovede hoolliche his chirche. a1500 (c1370) G. Chaucer Complaint to his Lady (BL Add.) (1886) l. 122 (MED) With right buxum hert holy I prey. c1600 (?c1395) Pierce Ploughman's Crede (Trin. Cambr. R.3.15) (1873) l. 276 (MED) A Menour haþ me holly by-hyȝt to helen my soule. a1617 P. Baynes Entire Comm. Epist. Paul to Ephesians (1643) 648 Christ as a minister of the people, by his humane will, did wholly wish the good as well of one as the other. 1732 P. Smith Preservative against Quakerism 154 A reigning habitual prevailing Power, which he prays wholly to be kept from. 1872 L. V. French My Roses xiv. 183 I love you wholly; perhaps, solely. 1900 Dome 5 179 Still I cannot pray wholly, there is a dark, hard corner, a reservation. 2004 E. Giffin Something Borrowed (2011) xxv. 382 I do love Dex... I love him wholly and unconditionally and without reservation. Compounds wholly-owned adj. owned in its entirety; (chiefly Business) designating a company all of whose shares are owned by another company. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > business affairs > a business or company > [adjective] > other types of company capitalless1837 merged1839 multinational1854 co-op1872 acquiring1880 syndicated1889 trustified1890 bottom-heavy1895 prospectusless1898 wholly-owned1906 semi-pro1908 not-for-profit1913 blue chip1924 mature1928 geared1930 liquid1930 footloose1939 monoline1958 boutique1968 greenfield1969 me-too1976 semi-professional1976 demerged1980 unbundled1980 multidomestic1982 unorganized1986 1906 Cosmopolitan Mar. 497/2 The Vanderbilts..have in the total a wholly owned fortune of nearly half a thousand millions. 1921 Spicer Manufacturing Co. Ann. Rep. 1920 The true financial position of the corporation and its wholly owned subsidiaries. 1976 Scotsman 20 Nov. 3/2 The plan is recommended by the boards of all the companies, who will become wholly-owned subsidiaries of the new Malaysian group. 2001 Drapers Rec. 28 Apr. 1/3 Jaeger has 56 wholly-owned standalone stores. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2015; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < adv.a1325
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