Wienn.¹

Brit.

/viːn/, U.S.

/vin/

Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Max Wien.

Etymology: < the name of Max Wien (1866–1938), German physicist, who worked on electronics and acoustics, and invented the bridge circuit (see sense 1) in 1891.

1. Used as a modifier. Designating any of several electrical devices or circuits developed by Max Wien; esp. (in Wien bridge, Wien bridge circuit, etc.) a bridge circuit frequently used as a means of measuring capacitance; (also) an oscillator based on such a bridge circuit (see note).A Wien bridge consists of four branches, two of which are composed of single resistors, one of a resistor and capacitor in parallel, and one of a resistor and capacitor in series.The Wien bridge forms the basis for the Wien bridge oscillator, which produces a sinusoidal signal and is often used in audio signal generators.

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the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electronics > electronic phenomena > electronic circuit > [noun] > circuits measuring specific properties

bridge1865

bridge circuit1871

Wien bridge1894

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electronics > electronic devices or components > [noun] > oscillator > types of

multivibrator1919

squegger1921

relaxation oscillator1931

sweeper1967

Wien bridge oscillator1967

1894 Electr. World 1 Dec. 577/2 An instrument was suggested based on the Wien optical telephone, in which the acoustic signals are transformed into optical ones and then registered photographically.

1912 Jrnl. Inst. Electr. Engineers 49 423 By using a Wien's bridge with equal resistance arms of about 2,000 ohms, the three air condensers could be put in parallel in the fourth arm.

1947 Proc. Royal Soc. 1946–7 A. 188 400 The resistance was measured by a Wien bridge circuit.

1967 Electronics 6 Mar. 63/3 (advt.) Here, the RA-240 is used in the design of a highly stable, uncompensated Wien bridge oscillator.

1976 Nucl. Instruments & Methods 138 562/1 The audio oscillator is a standard Wien bridge circuit.

2015 Sensors 15 2700 During measurements, the Wien Bridge was driven by an AC voltage.

2. Wien effect n. Physical Chemistry the phenomenon whereby the ionic mobility or electrical conductivity of an electrolytic solution increases as the electric field strength is increased.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > ions, ionization, or electrolysis > [noun] > electrolysis > miscellaneous other related concepts

throwing power1854

mobility1895

oxidation potential1900

single-electrode1913

Wien effect1929

1929 Jrnl. Physical Chem. 33 515 These theories of the Wien effect are based upon electrostatic forces between ions in the solution.

1978 P. W. Atkins Physical Chem. xxv. 832 The Wien effect is the observation of higher mobilities [of ions] at higher electric fields. (There are two Wien effects. The first Wien effect is the one just described; the second Wien effect is the enhancement of the degree of ionization of an ionogen, or weak electrolyte, by the applied field).

2013 Nature Materials 12 1033/2 By turning to a lattice based simulation, we are able to simulate a regime where the Wien effect is observable.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2019; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

Wienn.²

Brit.

/viːn/, U.S.

/vin/

Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Wilhelm Wien.

Etymology: < the name of Wilhelm Wien (1864–1928), German physicist, who worked on thermal radiation and electromagnetism, and developed both the approximation and the displacement law in the 1890s.Quot. 1898 translates a lecture delivered in German, but the text of this lecture has not been traced. With Wien's law compare German Wiens Gesetz (1901 or earlier), Wiensches Gesetz (1902 or earlier). With Wien's displacement law compare German Wiensches Verschiebungsgesetz (1900 as Wienisches Verschiebungsgesetz, or earlier).

Physics.

Used as a modifier. Designating or with reference to either of two laws concerning the spectrum of black-body radiation derived by Wilhelm Wien; esp. (a) designating a law (approximately) describing the spectrum of black-body radiation at a given temperature; (b) designating a law stating that the wavelength at which the spectrum of black-body radiation peaks is inversely proportional to the temperature of the body (= displacement law n. (a) at displacement n. 2e).More formally, the first law states that the flux of radiant energy of wavelength λ emitted by a black body at temperature T is equal to ^2hc²/ _λ⁵e^−hc/λkT, where c is the speed of light, h is Planck's constant, and k is Boltzmann's constant. This relationship holds only for thermal emissions of short wavelengths. The constant of proportionality in the second law is Wien's displacement constant, equal to approximately 2.898 × 10⁻³ m K.Both laws are commonly called Wien's law, the first also being called Wien's approximation, Wien's distribution, and Wien's distribution law, while the second is also called Wien's displacement law.

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the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > [noun] > Wien's law

Wien1898

1898 tr. O. Lummer in Ann. Rep. Board of Regents Smithsonian Inst. 1897 297 in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (55th Congr., 2nd Sess.: House of Representatives Doc. 575, Pt. 1) LXXVIII If we assume Wien's law as expressing the increase in intensity with the temperature, the energy emitted by platinum at the absolute temperature of 800° is to that at 2,000° as 800⁵ is to 2,000⁵, i.e., roughly in the ratio of 1 to 100.

1900 Sci. Abstr.: Physics & Electr. Engin. 3 383 Wien's laws, according to which the wave-length of the maximum radiation is inversely proportional to the absolute temperature, and the corresponding maximum energy proportional to the fifth power of the absolute temperature, were confirmed.

1951 Physica 17 922 The same kind of reasoning, although slightly more cumbersome, applies if, instead of Wien's approximation, Planck's radiation formula is used.

1990 Nucl. Fusion 30 863/1 In the spectral range of the IR camera, namely from 3 to 6 μm, and for a blade temperature of 150°C, Wien's law is a good approximation.

2015 B. H. Lavenda Where Physics went Wrong v. 137 In this section we will show that the Unruh-Hawking temperature is simply Wien's displacement law in disguise, with the added feature in Hawking's case that the frequency is inversely proportional to the central mass.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2019; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	wien
释义	Wienn.¹ Brit. /viːn/, U.S. /vin/ Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Max Wien. Etymology: < the name of Max Wien (1866–1938), German physicist, who worked on electronics and acoustics, and invented the bridge circuit (see sense 1) in 1891. 1. Used as a modifier. Designating any of several electrical devices or circuits developed by Max Wien; esp. (in Wien bridge, Wien bridge circuit, etc.) a bridge circuit frequently used as a means of measuring capacitance; (also) an oscillator based on such a bridge circuit (see note).A Wien bridge consists of four branches, two of which are composed of single resistors, one of a resistor and capacitor in parallel, and one of a resistor and capacitor in series.The Wien bridge forms the basis for the Wien bridge oscillator, which produces a sinusoidal signal and is often used in audio signal generators. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electronics > electronic phenomena > electronic circuit > [noun] > circuits measuring specific properties bridge1865 bridge circuit1871 Wien bridge1894 the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electronics > electronic devices or components > [noun] > oscillator > types of multivibrator1919 squegger1921 relaxation oscillator1931 sweeper1967 Wien bridge oscillator1967 1894 Electr. World 1 Dec. 577/2 An instrument was suggested based on the Wien optical telephone, in which the acoustic signals are transformed into optical ones and then registered photographically. 1912 Jrnl. Inst. Electr. Engineers 49 423 By using a Wien's bridge with equal resistance arms of about 2,000 ohms, the three air condensers could be put in parallel in the fourth arm. 1947 Proc. Royal Soc. 1946–7 A. 188 400 The resistance was measured by a Wien bridge circuit. 1967 Electronics 6 Mar. 63/3 (advt.) Here, the RA-240 is used in the design of a highly stable, uncompensated Wien bridge oscillator. 1976 Nucl. Instruments & Methods 138 562/1 The audio oscillator is a standard Wien bridge circuit. 2015 Sensors 15 2700 During measurements, the Wien Bridge was driven by an AC voltage. 2. Wien effect n. Physical Chemistry the phenomenon whereby the ionic mobility or electrical conductivity of an electrolytic solution increases as the electric field strength is increased. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > ions, ionization, or electrolysis > [noun] > electrolysis > miscellaneous other related concepts throwing power1854 mobility1895 oxidation potential1900 single-electrode1913 Wien effect1929 1929 Jrnl. Physical Chem. 33 515 These theories of the Wien effect are based upon electrostatic forces between ions in the solution. 1978 P. W. Atkins Physical Chem. xxv. 832 The Wien effect is the observation of higher mobilities [of ions] at higher electric fields. (There are two Wien effects. The first Wien effect is the one just described; the second Wien effect is the enhancement of the degree of ionization of an ionogen, or weak electrolyte, by the applied field). 2013 Nature Materials 12 1033/2 By turning to a lattice based simulation, we are able to simulate a regime where the Wien effect is observable. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2019; most recently modified version published online June 2022). Wienn.² Brit. /viːn/, U.S. /vin/ Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Wilhelm Wien. Etymology: < the name of Wilhelm Wien (1864–1928), German physicist, who worked on thermal radiation and electromagnetism, and developed both the approximation and the displacement law in the 1890s.Quot. 1898 translates a lecture delivered in German, but the text of this lecture has not been traced. With Wien's law compare German Wiens Gesetz (1901 or earlier), Wiensches Gesetz (1902 or earlier). With Wien's displacement law compare German Wiensches Verschiebungsgesetz (1900 as Wienisches Verschiebungsgesetz, or earlier). Physics. Used as a modifier. Designating or with reference to either of two laws concerning the spectrum of black-body radiation derived by Wilhelm Wien; esp. (a) designating a law (approximately) describing the spectrum of black-body radiation at a given temperature; (b) designating a law stating that the wavelength at which the spectrum of black-body radiation peaks is inversely proportional to the temperature of the body (= displacement law n. (a) at displacement n. 2e).More formally, the first law states that the flux of radiant energy of wavelength λ emitted by a black body at temperature T is equal to ^2hc²/ _λ⁵e^−hc/λkT, where c is the speed of light, h is Planck's constant, and k is Boltzmann's constant. This relationship holds only for thermal emissions of short wavelengths. The constant of proportionality in the second law is Wien's displacement constant, equal to approximately 2.898 × 10⁻³ m K.Both laws are commonly called Wien's law, the first also being called Wien's approximation, Wien's distribution, and Wien's distribution law, while the second is also called Wien's displacement law. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > [noun] > Wien's law Wien1898 1898 tr. O. Lummer in Ann. Rep. Board of Regents Smithsonian Inst. 1897 297 in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (55th Congr., 2nd Sess.: House of Representatives Doc. 575, Pt. 1) LXXVIII If we assume Wien's law as expressing the increase in intensity with the temperature, the energy emitted by platinum at the absolute temperature of 800° is to that at 2,000° as 800⁵ is to 2,000⁵, i.e., roughly in the ratio of 1 to 100. 1900 Sci. Abstr.: Physics & Electr. Engin. 3 383 Wien's laws, according to which the wave-length of the maximum radiation is inversely proportional to the absolute temperature, and the corresponding maximum energy proportional to the fifth power of the absolute temperature, were confirmed. 1951 Physica 17 922 The same kind of reasoning, although slightly more cumbersome, applies if, instead of Wien's approximation, Planck's radiation formula is used. 1990 Nucl. Fusion 30 863/1 In the spectral range of the IR camera, namely from 3 to 6 μm, and for a blade temperature of 150°C, Wien's law is a good approximation. 2015 B. H. Lavenda Where Physics went Wrong v. 137 In this section we will show that the Unruh-Hawking temperature is simply Wien's displacement law in disguise, with the added feature in Hawking's case that the frequency is inversely proportional to the central mass. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2019; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.¹1894n.²1898
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