whiggamoren.

Brit.

/ˈwɪɡəmɔː/, U.S.

/ˈ(h)wɪɡəˌmɔr/

Forms:

α. 1600s wickhamer, 1600s wiggomer; Scottish pre-1700 whigamyre, pre-1700 whiggamaire, pre-1700 whiggamer, pre-1700 whiggemer, pre-1700 whigimyre.

β. 1600s–1900s whigamore, 1600s– whiggamore, 1700s whiggamoor, 1700s–1800s whigamoor, 1700s–1800s whigamor, 1700s–1800s whiggamor; also Scottish pre-1700 quhiggimoor, pre-1700 whiggimuir, pre-1700 whigmuir.

Origin: Probably formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: whig v.¹, an element of uncertain origin, mare n.¹

Etymology: Probably < whig v.¹ (although this is first attested slightly later) + an element of uncertain origin (perhaps a adj. or perhaps an arbitrary connecting vowel, for euphony) + mare n.¹ (compare the variants cited at that entry), perhaps after the phrase to whig one's mare (see quot. c1667 at whig v.¹ 1).First attested with reference to the 1648 raid on Edinburgh (compare Whiggamore raid at Compounds 1), but this specific use (which apparently required no explanation at the time) may itself imply earlier currency as a more general term, although if so the exact meaning is unclear (perhaps a derogatory term for Highlanders, or for country people more widely; compare the discussion at Whig n.²). Variant forms. The origin of the β. forms is unclear (assuming that the last element of the word is indeed mare n.¹); they are first found in Scots, but were subsequently used in discussions of the raid written for English audiences (apparently earliest by G. Burnet in 1677) and became established as the usual forms in that context. Alternative suggestion. Burnet's isolated suggestion that the word was derived from a call whiggam , used to urge on horses (compare quot. a1715 at sense 1) cannot be substantiated.

Usually depreciative except in later historical use. Now historical.

1. Originally: a Covenanter from the West of Scotland, esp. one who participated in the 1648 raid on Edinburgh (see Compounds 1). Later more generally (depreciative): any Covenanter; a Scottish Presbyterian (esp. of the 17th and early 18th centuries). Cf. Whig n.² 1.Recorded earliest in Whiggamore road at Compounds 1.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > insurrection > [noun] > insurgent > one of specific body of insurgents

white hats1523

commonwealth1549

whiggamore1654

Oakboy1776

society > faith > sect > Christianity > Protestantism > Presbyterianism > [noun] > person

disciplinarian1591

disciplinary1593

consistorian1606

Presbyterian1606

kirkmana1645

presbyter1647

presbyterial1647

Presbyterialist1647

Kirker1651

Kirkist1652

whiggamore1654

Whig1657

scaldabancoa1670

cloak-man1680

Presbyteera1708

Knoxian1714

blue skin1790

Auld Kirker1856

bluenose1861

1654 A. Johnston Let. 29 Mar. in R. Baillie Lett. & Jrnls. (1842) III. 568 Some hes maid a report..that wee wer raysing a Whigimyre road vnder Argyle.

1662 in R. Wodrow Hist. Sufferings Church of Scotl. (1721) I. i. iii. 151 There was another Statue in a Whigmuir's Habit, having the Remonstrance in his Hand.

1666 Cal. State Papers, Domest. 1666–7 (1864) 302 68 of the Wickhamers.

a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 43 Those in the west [of Scotland] come in the summer to buy at Lieth the stores that come from the north: And from a word Whiggam, used in driving their horses all that drove were called the Whiggamors, and shorter the Whiggs.

1816 W. Scott Old Mortality viii, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. II. 188 There's a thousand merks on the murdering whigamore's head.

1898 W. S. Douglas Cromwell's Sc. Camp. 9 It is certain that after the events of 1648 they must have considered the ‘Whiggamores’ more closely bound to their interest than that body proved to be.

1994 Sunday Times (Nexis) 17 Apr. They are having conventicles at Kyleakin; every whey-faced Whiggamore whose forefathers were out with Chalmers in 'Forty-three is digging a claymore out of the thatch.

2. British Politics. A nickname for: a member or supporter of the Whig Party; = Whig n.² 3. Sometimes also: (a nickname for) a person who supported the exclusion of James, Duke of York, from the succession to the thrones of England, Scotland, and Ireland on account of his Roman Catholicism; = Whig n.² 2a.

ΚΠ

1821 John Bull 12 Nov. 381/1 We seriously apprehend, that his Majesty's advisers will be deaf to the call of these Whiggamores, to explain away the grave constitutional offence afforded by the enthusiasm of affection and admiration evinced by all ranks of people.

1830 J. Rickman Extr. Life & Lett. 17 Sept. 267 I hear the Whiggamores begin to be frightened.

1898 J. Buchan John Burnet of Barns x. 269 God knows I am a king's man out and out, and would see all whigamores in perdition before I would join with them.

1952 R. Neill Moon in Scorpio xiv. 115 Those in the town who are of the Green Ribbon Club and the like places (being now called by many Whigs, or Whiggamores).

2015 Northern Echo 2 Apr. In the late 17th Century, a group of politicians tried to prevent the king's brother and heir, James, the Duke of York, from succeeding to the throne..Their opponents rudely nicknamed them ‘whiggamores’.

Compounds

C1. Designating the raid on Edinburgh in 1648 by Covenanters from the West of Scotland, which took power from Royalist Engagers (engager n. 2) and led to the Marquis of Argyll forming a new government favourable to the English Parliamentarian forces. Chiefly in Whiggamore road, (now) Whiggamore raid.

ΚΠ

1654 A. Johnston Let. 29 Mar. in R. Baillie Lett. & Jrnls. (1842) III. 568 Some hes maid a report..that wee wer raysing a Whigimyre road vnder Argyle.

a1657 J. Balfour Hist. Wks. (1824) III. 388 Anent the Scotts last going into England, and the Englishe, with Cromwell and Lambert, ther heir-coming at the Whiggamaire roade.

a1686 J. Turner Mem. (1829) 68 So soone as the news of our defeate [sc. of the Scots at Preston] came to Scotland, Argile and the Kirks partie rose in armes everie mothers sonne; and this was calld the Whiggamer rode.

1845 T. Carlyle in O. Cromwell Lett. & Speeches I. 359 The Whiggamore Raid, all the force of the West Country, 6,000 strong, is already there.

2013 Sc. Hist. Rev. 92 72 It was from this region that the Covenanting army of the Whiggamore raid on Edinburgh in 1648 had been drawn.

C2. With the sense ‘of or relating to the Covenanters from the West of Scotland who participated in the 1648 raid on Edinburgh; (more generally) of or relating to Covenanters or Scottish Presbyterians (esp. of the 17th and early 18th centuries)’.

ΚΠ

1817 W. Scott Rob Roy II. xii. 261 It is na good for my health to come in the gate o' thae whigamore baillie bodies.

1821 W. Scott Pirate I. iv. 69 ‘Hear to him,’ said an old whigamore carline.

1891 S. R. Gardiner Hist. Civil War III. lxvi. 491 The Whiggamore leaders constituted themselves..into a Committee of Estates.

1907 A. Lang Hist. Scotl. IV. 159 In the Parliament of 1649, the Whigamore Parliament, lay patronage was abolished.

1978 R. Mitchison Life in Scotl. iii. 41 They were years of bitter rivalry between highland clans and of savage reprisals by the Whiggamore dictatorship.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2022).

单词	whiggamore
释义	whiggamoren. Brit. /ˈwɪɡəmɔː/, U.S. /ˈ(h)wɪɡəˌmɔr/ Forms: α. 1600s wickhamer, 1600s wiggomer; Scottish pre-1700 whigamyre, pre-1700 whiggamaire, pre-1700 whiggamer, pre-1700 whiggemer, pre-1700 whigimyre. β. 1600s–1900s whigamore, 1600s– whiggamore, 1700s whiggamoor, 1700s–1800s whigamoor, 1700s–1800s whigamor, 1700s–1800s whiggamor; also Scottish pre-1700 quhiggimoor, pre-1700 whiggimuir, pre-1700 whigmuir. Origin: Probably formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: whig v.¹, an element of uncertain origin, mare n.¹ Etymology: Probably < whig v.¹ (although this is first attested slightly later) + an element of uncertain origin (perhaps a adj. or perhaps an arbitrary connecting vowel, for euphony) + mare n.¹ (compare the variants cited at that entry), perhaps after the phrase to whig one's mare (see quot. c1667 at whig v.¹ 1).First attested with reference to the 1648 raid on Edinburgh (compare Whiggamore raid at Compounds 1), but this specific use (which apparently required no explanation at the time) may itself imply earlier currency as a more general term, although if so the exact meaning is unclear (perhaps a derogatory term for Highlanders, or for country people more widely; compare the discussion at Whig n.²). Variant forms. The origin of the β. forms is unclear (assuming that the last element of the word is indeed mare n.¹); they are first found in Scots, but were subsequently used in discussions of the raid written for English audiences (apparently earliest by G. Burnet in 1677) and became established as the usual forms in that context. Alternative suggestion. Burnet's isolated suggestion that the word was derived from a call whiggam , used to urge on horses (compare quot. a1715 at sense 1) cannot be substantiated. Usually depreciative except in later historical use. Now historical. 1. Originally: a Covenanter from the West of Scotland, esp. one who participated in the 1648 raid on Edinburgh (see Compounds 1). Later more generally (depreciative): any Covenanter; a Scottish Presbyterian (esp. of the 17th and early 18th centuries). Cf. Whig n.² 1.Recorded earliest in Whiggamore road at Compounds 1. ΘΚΠ society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > insurrection > [noun] > insurgent > one of specific body of insurgents white hats1523 commonwealth1549 whiggamore1654 Oakboy1776 society > faith > sect > Christianity > Protestantism > Presbyterianism > [noun] > person disciplinarian1591 disciplinary1593 consistorian1606 Presbyterian1606 kirkmana1645 presbyter1647 presbyterial1647 Presbyterialist1647 Kirker1651 Kirkist1652 whiggamore1654 Whig1657 scaldabancoa1670 cloak-man1680 Presbyteera1708 Knoxian1714 blue skin1790 Auld Kirker1856 bluenose1861 1654 A. Johnston Let. 29 Mar. in R. Baillie Lett. & Jrnls. (1842) III. 568 Some hes maid a report..that wee wer raysing a Whigimyre road vnder Argyle. 1662 in R. Wodrow Hist. Sufferings Church of Scotl. (1721) I. i. iii. 151 There was another Statue in a Whigmuir's Habit, having the Remonstrance in his Hand. 1666 Cal. State Papers, Domest. 1666–7 (1864) 302 68 of the Wickhamers. a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 43 Those in the west [of Scotland] come in the summer to buy at Lieth the stores that come from the north: And from a word Whiggam, used in driving their horses all that drove were called the Whiggamors, and shorter the Whiggs. 1816 W. Scott Old Mortality viii, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. II. 188 There's a thousand merks on the murdering whigamore's head. 1898 W. S. Douglas Cromwell's Sc. Camp. 9 It is certain that after the events of 1648 they must have considered the ‘Whiggamores’ more closely bound to their interest than that body proved to be. 1994 Sunday Times (Nexis) 17 Apr. They are having conventicles at Kyleakin; every whey-faced Whiggamore whose forefathers were out with Chalmers in 'Forty-three is digging a claymore out of the thatch. 2. British Politics. A nickname for: a member or supporter of the Whig Party; = Whig n.² 3. Sometimes also: (a nickname for) a person who supported the exclusion of James, Duke of York, from the succession to the thrones of England, Scotland, and Ireland on account of his Roman Catholicism; = Whig n.² 2a. ΚΠ 1821 John Bull 12 Nov. 381/1 We seriously apprehend, that his Majesty's advisers will be deaf to the call of these Whiggamores, to explain away the grave constitutional offence afforded by the enthusiasm of affection and admiration evinced by all ranks of people. 1830 J. Rickman Extr. Life & Lett. 17 Sept. 267 I hear the Whiggamores begin to be frightened. 1898 J. Buchan John Burnet of Barns x. 269 God knows I am a king's man out and out, and would see all whigamores in perdition before I would join with them. 1952 R. Neill Moon in Scorpio xiv. 115 Those in the town who are of the Green Ribbon Club and the like places (being now called by many Whigs, or Whiggamores). 2015 Northern Echo 2 Apr. In the late 17th Century, a group of politicians tried to prevent the king's brother and heir, James, the Duke of York, from succeeding to the throne..Their opponents rudely nicknamed them ‘whiggamores’. Compounds C1. Designating the raid on Edinburgh in 1648 by Covenanters from the West of Scotland, which took power from Royalist Engagers (engager n. 2) and led to the Marquis of Argyll forming a new government favourable to the English Parliamentarian forces. Chiefly in Whiggamore road, (now) Whiggamore raid. ΚΠ 1654 A. Johnston Let. 29 Mar. in R. Baillie Lett. & Jrnls. (1842) III. 568 Some hes maid a report..that wee wer raysing a Whigimyre road vnder Argyle. a1657 J. Balfour Hist. Wks. (1824) III. 388 Anent the Scotts last going into England, and the Englishe, with Cromwell and Lambert, ther heir-coming at the Whiggamaire roade. a1686 J. Turner Mem. (1829) 68 So soone as the news of our defeate [sc. of the Scots at Preston] came to Scotland, Argile and the Kirks partie rose in armes everie mothers sonne; and this was calld the Whiggamer rode. 1845 T. Carlyle in O. Cromwell Lett. & Speeches I. 359 The Whiggamore Raid, all the force of the West Country, 6,000 strong, is already there. 2013 Sc. Hist. Rev. 92 72 It was from this region that the Covenanting army of the Whiggamore raid on Edinburgh in 1648 had been drawn. C2. With the sense ‘of or relating to the Covenanters from the West of Scotland who participated in the 1648 raid on Edinburgh; (more generally) of or relating to Covenanters or Scottish Presbyterians (esp. of the 17th and early 18th centuries)’. ΚΠ 1817 W. Scott Rob Roy II. xii. 261 It is na good for my health to come in the gate o' thae whigamore baillie bodies. 1821 W. Scott Pirate I. iv. 69 ‘Hear to him,’ said an old whigamore carline. 1891 S. R. Gardiner Hist. Civil War III. lxvi. 491 The Whiggamore leaders constituted themselves..into a Committee of Estates. 1907 A. Lang Hist. Scotl. IV. 159 In the Parliament of 1649, the Whigamore Parliament, lay patronage was abolished. 1978 R. Mitchison Life in Scotl. iii. 41 They were years of bitter rivalry between highland clans and of savage reprisals by the Whiggamore dictatorship. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2022). < n.1654
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