wergildn.

Brit.

/ˈwəːɡɪld/,

/ˈwɛːɡɪld/,

/ˈwɪəɡɪld/, U.S.

/ˈwərˌɡɪld/,

/ˈwɛ(ə)rˌɡɪld/,

/ˈwɪ(ə)rˌɡɪld/

Forms: α. Middle English Scottish weregeheld, Middle English weregylt, 1600s–1800s weregild, 1800s weregeld. β. Middle English Scottish wargeld (1600s vergelt), 1600s, 1800s wergeld; 1800s wehrgeld. γ. 1700s–1800s wergild.

Etymology: < Old English (Anglian and Kentish) wergeld, (West Saxon) wergield, -gild, -gyld, late weregild ( < wer man were n.¹ + geld , gield yield n.) = Old Frisian wergeld, -ield, Old High German wer-, werigelt (Middle High German wergelt, German wer-, wehrgeld, Dutch weergeld); the equivalent Old Norse term is manngjǫld. The three Old English types wergeld, wergild, and weregild are represented in the modern forms; the spelling wehrgeld is due to the incorrect German form.

Historical.

In ancient Teutonic and Old English law, the price set upon a man according to his rank, paid by way of compensation or fine in cases of homicide and certain other crimes to free the offender from further obligation or punishment.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > compensation > [noun] > for man's life

man-botea1000

bloodwitelOE

manworthlOE

wergilda1214

kinbootc1425

eric1587

were1607

blood-fine1818

blood money1826

α.

a1214 Assise Will. c. 14 in Acts Parl. Scot. (1844) I. 375 De weregehelde furis. De unoquoque fure per totam Scociam est weregehelde xxxiiij vacc. et dimid.

14.. Assise Will. c. 14 in Acts Parl. Scot. (1844) I. 375 Of þe law þat is callyt weregylt.

1614 J. Selden Titles of Honor 389 Were is before deliuerd in Weregild, and is calld pretium Redemptionis in the laws of the Confessor.

1714 J. Fortescue-Aland in J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. Pref. 32 A Payment in Money called the Veragelt; from which no Body can doubt, but our Saxon Ancestors had their Were~gild.

1761 D. Hume Hist. Eng. to Henry VII I. App. i. 156 The price of the king's head, or his weregild, as it was then called, was by law 30,000 thrimsas.

1769 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. IV. xxiii. 308 In those times, when a private pecuniary transaction, called a weregild, was constantly paid to the party injured, or his relations.

1818 H. Hallam View Europe Middle Ages I. ii. 163 Such were the weregilds of the barbaric codes.

1848 E. Bulwer-Lytton Harold II. v. vi. 46 There is no weregeld for manslaying on the head of him, who smiles so in death on his old comrades in life!

1863 H. Cox Inst. Eng. Govt. ii. x. 533 The Weregild, or compensation for murder was regulated according to the rank of the person slain.

1864 C. Kingsley Roman & Teuton vii. 193 He..died, like Samson, says old Paul, having got good weregeld for the loss of his eyes.

β. a1250 Reg. Maj. iv. xii, in Acts Parl. Scot. (1844) I. 634 De unoquoque fure..est wargeld triginta vacce et vna iuuenca.1609 J. Skene tr. Regiam Majestatem iv. xix. 70 b The Ver~gelt, or Ranson of ane theif, throw all Scotland is threttie kye; and ane zoung kow.1614 J. Selden Titles of Honor 204 This wergeld or werigeld is often met with in the Salique laws.1848 Mrs. Horrocks tr. Menzel Hist. Ger. I. 33 The Wergeld or fine seems to have been introduced at a later period.1854 H. H. Milman Hist. Lat. Christianity I. iii. v. 395 In the Burgundian law..the life of every man..is assessed..at a certain value, and the wehrgeld may be received in atonement for his blood.1902 F. Seebohm Tribal Custom in Anglo-Saxon Law i. 1 The Anglo-Saxon wergelds were stated, with perhaps one exception, in silver scillings.γ. 1762 M. Foster Rep. Proc. Comm. Oyer & Terminer 287 The Anglo-Saxons..in Case of Homicide contented themselves with a pecuniary Compensation, which they called the Wergild, the Price of Blood.1802 A. Ranken Hist. France II. 249 Culpable homicide was punished with banishment, besides the wargild [sic], or fine, paid to the nearest kin of the deceased.1860 W. F. Hook Lives Archbishops Canterbury I. v. 243 His position in society was, according to the custom of the age, marked by the amount of his wer-gild.1870 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (ed. 2) I. App. 629 By this treaty provision is made for wergilds.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1926; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	wergild
释义	wergildn. Brit. /ˈwəːɡɪld/, /ˈwɛːɡɪld/, /ˈwɪəɡɪld/, U.S. /ˈwərˌɡɪld/, /ˈwɛ(ə)rˌɡɪld/, /ˈwɪ(ə)rˌɡɪld/ Forms: α. Middle English Scottish weregeheld, Middle English weregylt, 1600s–1800s weregild, 1800s weregeld. β. Middle English Scottish wargeld (1600s vergelt), 1600s, 1800s wergeld; 1800s wehrgeld. γ. 1700s–1800s wergild. Etymology: < Old English (Anglian and Kentish) wergeld, (West Saxon) wergield, -gild, -gyld, late weregild ( < wer man were n.¹ + geld , gield yield n.) = Old Frisian wergeld, -ield, Old High German wer-, werigelt (Middle High German wergelt, German wer-, wehrgeld, Dutch weergeld); the equivalent Old Norse term is manngjǫld. The three Old English types wergeld, wergild, and weregild are represented in the modern forms; the spelling wehrgeld is due to the incorrect German form. Historical. In ancient Teutonic and Old English law, the price set upon a man according to his rank, paid by way of compensation or fine in cases of homicide and certain other crimes to free the offender from further obligation or punishment. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > compensation > [noun] > for man's life man-botea1000 bloodwitelOE manworthlOE wergilda1214 kinbootc1425 eric1587 were1607 blood-fine1818 blood money1826 α. a1214 Assise Will. c. 14 in Acts Parl. Scot. (1844) I. 375 De weregehelde furis. De unoquoque fure per totam Scociam est weregehelde xxxiiij vacc. et dimid. 14.. Assise Will. c. 14 in Acts Parl. Scot. (1844) I. 375 Of þe law þat is callyt weregylt. 1614 J. Selden Titles of Honor 389 Were is before deliuerd in Weregild, and is calld pretium Redemptionis in the laws of the Confessor. 1714 J. Fortescue-Aland in J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. Pref. 32 A Payment in Money called the Veragelt; from which no Body can doubt, but our Saxon Ancestors had their Were~gild. 1761 D. Hume Hist. Eng. to Henry VII I. App. i. 156 The price of the king's head, or his weregild, as it was then called, was by law 30,000 thrimsas. 1769 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. IV. xxiii. 308 In those times, when a private pecuniary transaction, called a weregild, was constantly paid to the party injured, or his relations. 1818 H. Hallam View Europe Middle Ages I. ii. 163 Such were the weregilds of the barbaric codes. 1848 E. Bulwer-Lytton Harold II. v. vi. 46 There is no weregeld for manslaying on the head of him, who smiles so in death on his old comrades in life! 1863 H. Cox Inst. Eng. Govt. ii. x. 533 The Weregild, or compensation for murder was regulated according to the rank of the person slain. 1864 C. Kingsley Roman & Teuton vii. 193 He..died, like Samson, says old Paul, having got good weregeld for the loss of his eyes. β. a1250 Reg. Maj. iv. xii, in Acts Parl. Scot. (1844) I. 634 De unoquoque fure..est wargeld triginta vacce et vna iuuenca.1609 J. Skene tr. Regiam Majestatem iv. xix. 70 b The Ver~gelt, or Ranson of ane theif, throw all Scotland is threttie kye; and ane zoung kow.1614 J. Selden Titles of Honor 204 This wergeld or werigeld is often met with in the Salique laws.1848 Mrs. Horrocks tr. Menzel Hist. Ger. I. 33 The Wergeld or fine seems to have been introduced at a later period.1854 H. H. Milman Hist. Lat. Christianity I. iii. v. 395 In the Burgundian law..the life of every man..is assessed..at a certain value, and the wehrgeld may be received in atonement for his blood.1902 F. Seebohm Tribal Custom in Anglo-Saxon Law i. 1 The Anglo-Saxon wergelds were stated, with perhaps one exception, in silver scillings.γ. 1762 M. Foster Rep. Proc. Comm. Oyer & Terminer 287 The Anglo-Saxons..in Case of Homicide contented themselves with a pecuniary Compensation, which they called the Wergild, the Price of Blood.1802 A. Ranken Hist. France II. 249 Culpable homicide was punished with banishment, besides the wargild [sic], or fine, paid to the nearest kin of the deceased.1860 W. F. Hook Lives Archbishops Canterbury I. v. 243 His position in society was, according to the custom of the age, marked by the amount of his wer-gild.1870 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (ed. 2) I. App. 629 By this treaty provision is made for wergilds. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1926; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.a1214
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