welkv.¹

/wɛlk/

Forms: Also Middle English welken, Middle English–1600s welke, Middle English wylke, 1600s wilke; participial adjective 1500s wealked, 1800s dialect wilkt.

Etymology: Middle English welken, probably of Continental origin: compare (Middle) Dutch, Low German, Old High German (Middle High German and German) welken (also Old High German welhen, Middle High German welchen), in the same sense, and Low German welk, wälk, Old High German welk, welc (German welk) adjective, withered, flaccid, sere, etc.

Obsolete exc. dialect.

a. intransitive. Of a flower, plant, etc.: To lose freshness or greenness; to become flaccid or dry; to wilt, wither, fade. Also with away.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by poor growth > wither [verb (intransitive)]

falloweOE

welka1300

starvec1400

witherc1400

dote?1440

wizena1450

mortifyc1475

vade1492

shrinkc1572

flitter1577

windle1579

shirpc1639

welter1645

welt1854

sickly1882

a1300 E.E. Psalter lxxxix. 6 It wites als gresse areli at dai;..At euen doun es it broght Vnlastes, and welkes and gas to noght.

a1325 (c1250) [implied in: Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 2107 And .vii. lene [ears] rigt ðor-bi, Welkede and smale & drugte numen. (at welked adj. b)].

1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 707 A man may likend be Til a flour, þat..Welkes and dwynes til it be noght.

1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. I. 77 No manere of tree leseþ þere his leues; no floures þere welkeþ.

c1450 Jacob's Well (1900) 262 Þou faryst as a vyne wyth brode levys þat sone welkyn.

a1470 Dives & Pauper (1496) iv. xxiii. 189/1 They [the garlondes] shall alwaye be grene & fresshe, & neyther welke ne fade.

1577 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Islande Brit. iii. xiv. f. 113^v/1, in R. Holinshed Chron. I Saffron..These flowers are gathered..before the rising of the Sunne, whych would cause them to welke or flitter.

a1642 H. Best Farming & Memorandum Bks. (1984) 33 Soe soone as the pennie-grasse beginne to welke and seeme dry, then is it time to beginne to mowe.

1648 Hunting of Fox 7 Some particular vines..doe daily wilke and wither away.

1787 F. Grose Provinc. Gloss. (at cited word) Mown grass in drying for hay is said to welk.

1825 J. T. Brockett Gloss. North Country Words Welk, to dry, to wither.

b. transferred and figurative (or in figurative context).

ΚΠ

c1340 R. Rolle Psalter lxxii. 17 Behaulde the laste endinge of wicked men, when thair flour welkes, & wytes awaye.

a1425 tr. Arderne's Treat. Fistula 41 And so I quenchid þe forseid superfluites..so þat þai bigan to dry and to welk and fall away.

1532 (c1385) Usk's Test. Loue in Wks. G. Chaucer ii. f. cccxlvii I as a seer tre with out burionyng or frute alwaye welke.

1625 K. Long in tr. J. Barclay Argenis Ded. p. iv For Bookes translated doe,..like remou'd Trees, welke.

1657 T. Reeve God's Plea for Nineveh 232 This world..can hold nothing in it long, the whitest flowers welk and drop.

†2. To become less, to diminish, to shrink. Of the sun or moon: To wane, lose brightness. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > extension in space > reduction in size or extent > become reduced in size or extent [verb (intransitive)]

narrowOE

waneOE

smallOE

slakec1380

welk1390

fade1398

lessenc1400

minish?a1425

decay1489

adminisha1500

diminish1520

to grow downwards?1523

ungrow1598

scant1607

settlea1642

to run off1765

dwarf1776

comminute1850

downsize1977

the world > the universe > sun > solar movement > move [verb (intransitive)] > set

nipeeOE

grindc1050

to go to gladec1200

settlea1375

fall?c1400

shaftc1400

rebash1481

to go to1584

sinka1586

welk1590

wave1592

verge1610

sit1621

western1858

1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 35 The See now ebbeth, now it floweth, The lond now welketh, now it groweth.

1579 E. K. in E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. Nov. 13 Gloss. The Moone being in the waine is sayde of Lidgate to welk.]

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. i. sig. A6 When ruddy Phebus gins to welke in west.

1631 F. Quarles Hist. Samson xiii. 74 When the Sun was welking in the West.

1641 J. Milton Of Reformation 29 The Church that before by insensible degrees welk't and impair'd, now with large steps went downe hill decaying.

3. transitive. To cause to fade or wither.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > badness or evil > worse > [verb (transitive)] > in quality or character

defade1423

debase1569

deteriorate1572

welk1579

bastardize1587

invile1599

winter1622

disimprove1642

degenerate1645

deterior1646

imbastardize1649

degrade1652

honeycomb1821

travesty1825

the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > harvesting > harvest (a crop) [verb (transitive)] > dry crops in field > make hay > spread grass to dry

ted14..

welka1825

1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. Nov. , 13 But nowe sadde Winter welked hath the day.

1594 Zepheria xvi. sig. C4^v Oh how hath black night welked vp this day?

a1825 R. Forby Vocab. E. Anglia (1830) Welk... 2. To expose to sun and air, and turn over in order to be dried; as grass to be converted to hay.

Derivatives

ˈwelking n. and adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > [adjective]

shrinking?a1400

welkinga1400

moderativec1487

thinning1551

wanzing1571

decreasing1591

restricting1606

lessening1611

waning1632

assuaging1651

limiting1656

mitigating1749

diminishing1793

decrescent1811

shrivelling1849

dropping1894

scanting1916

the world > matter > condition of matter > bad condition of matter > [adjective] > having lost freshness > losing freshness

welkinga1400

withering1599

weltering1657

the world > the universe > sun > solar movement > [adjective] > setting

decliningc1620

welking1630

westerning1851

sunsetty1860

a1400 Gloss. in T. Wright & J. O. Halliwell Reliquiæ Antiquæ (1845) I. 6 Emerceo, to wex drie and welkynge.

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 521/1 Welkynge, marcor.

1630 J. Lane Contin. Squire's Tale (Ashm. 53) (1888) ix. 225 While welking Phoebus went down to the west.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1926; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

单词	welk
释义	welkv.¹ /wɛlk/ Forms: Also Middle English welken, Middle English–1600s welke, Middle English wylke, 1600s wilke; participial adjective 1500s wealked, 1800s dialect wilkt. Etymology: Middle English welken, probably of Continental origin: compare (Middle) Dutch, Low German, Old High German (Middle High German and German) welken (also Old High German welhen, Middle High German welchen), in the same sense, and Low German welk, wälk, Old High German welk, welc (German welk) adjective, withered, flaccid, sere, etc. Obsolete exc. dialect. 1. a. intransitive. Of a flower, plant, etc.: To lose freshness or greenness; to become flaccid or dry; to wilt, wither, fade. Also with away. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by poor growth > wither [verb (intransitive)] falloweOE welka1300 starvec1400 witherc1400 dote?1440 wizena1450 mortifyc1475 vade1492 shrinkc1572 flitter1577 windle1579 shirpc1639 welter1645 welt1854 sickly1882 a1300 E.E. Psalter lxxxix. 6 It wites als gresse areli at dai;..At euen doun es it broght Vnlastes, and welkes and gas to noght. a1325 (c1250) [implied in: Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 2107 And .vii. lene [ears] rigt ðor-bi, Welkede and smale & drugte numen. (at welked adj. b)]. 1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 707 A man may likend be Til a flour, þat..Welkes and dwynes til it be noght. 1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. I. 77 No manere of tree leseþ þere his leues; no floures þere welkeþ. c1450 Jacob's Well (1900) 262 Þou faryst as a vyne wyth brode levys þat sone welkyn. a1470 Dives & Pauper (1496) iv. xxiii. 189/1 They [the garlondes] shall alwaye be grene & fresshe, & neyther welke ne fade. 1577 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Islande Brit. iii. xiv. f. 113^v/1, in R. Holinshed Chron. I Saffron..These flowers are gathered..before the rising of the Sunne, whych would cause them to welke or flitter. a1642 H. Best Farming & Memorandum Bks. (1984) 33 Soe soone as the pennie-grasse beginne to welke and seeme dry, then is it time to beginne to mowe. 1648 Hunting of Fox 7 Some particular vines..doe daily wilke and wither away. 1787 F. Grose Provinc. Gloss. (at cited word) Mown grass in drying for hay is said to welk. 1825 J. T. Brockett Gloss. North Country Words Welk, to dry, to wither. b. transferred and figurative (or in figurative context). ΚΠ c1340 R. Rolle Psalter lxxii. 17 Behaulde the laste endinge of wicked men, when thair flour welkes, & wytes awaye. a1425 tr. Arderne's Treat. Fistula 41 And so I quenchid þe forseid superfluites..so þat þai bigan to dry and to welk and fall away. 1532 (c1385) Usk's Test. Loue in Wks. G. Chaucer ii. f. cccxlvii I as a seer tre with out burionyng or frute alwaye welke. 1625 K. Long in tr. J. Barclay Argenis Ded. p. iv For Bookes translated doe,..like remou'd Trees, welke. 1657 T. Reeve God's Plea for Nineveh 232 This world..can hold nothing in it long, the whitest flowers welk and drop. †2. To become less, to diminish, to shrink. Of the sun or moon: To wane, lose brightness. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > extension in space > reduction in size or extent > become reduced in size or extent [verb (intransitive)] narrowOE waneOE smallOE slakec1380 welk1390 fade1398 lessenc1400 minish?a1425 decay1489 adminisha1500 diminish1520 to grow downwards?1523 ungrow1598 scant1607 settlea1642 to run off1765 dwarf1776 comminute1850 downsize1977 the world > the universe > sun > solar movement > move [verb (intransitive)] > set nipeeOE grindc1050 to go to gladec1200 settlea1375 fall?c1400 shaftc1400 rebash1481 to go to1584 sinka1586 welk1590 wave1592 verge1610 sit1621 western1858 1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 35 The See now ebbeth, now it floweth, The lond now welketh, now it groweth. 1579 E. K. in E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. Nov. 13 Gloss. The Moone being in the waine is sayde of Lidgate to welk.] 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. i. sig. A6 When ruddy Phebus gins to welke in west. 1631 F. Quarles Hist. Samson xiii. 74 When the Sun was welking in the West. 1641 J. Milton Of Reformation 29 The Church that before by insensible degrees welk't and impair'd, now with large steps went downe hill decaying. 3. transitive. To cause to fade or wither. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > badness or evil > worse > [verb (transitive)] > in quality or character defade1423 debase1569 deteriorate1572 welk1579 bastardize1587 invile1599 winter1622 disimprove1642 degenerate1645 deterior1646 imbastardize1649 degrade1652 honeycomb1821 travesty1825 the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > harvesting > harvest (a crop) [verb (transitive)] > dry crops in field > make hay > spread grass to dry ted14.. welka1825 1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. Nov. , 13 But nowe sadde Winter welked hath the day. 1594 Zepheria xvi. sig. C4^v Oh how hath black night welked vp this day? a1825 R. Forby Vocab. E. Anglia (1830) Welk... 2. To expose to sun and air, and turn over in order to be dried; as grass to be converted to hay. Derivatives ˈwelking n. and adj. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > [adjective] shrinking?a1400 welkinga1400 moderativec1487 thinning1551 wanzing1571 decreasing1591 restricting1606 lessening1611 waning1632 assuaging1651 limiting1656 mitigating1749 diminishing1793 decrescent1811 shrivelling1849 dropping1894 scanting1916 the world > matter > condition of matter > bad condition of matter > [adjective] > having lost freshness > losing freshness welkinga1400 withering1599 weltering1657 the world > the universe > sun > solar movement > [adjective] > setting decliningc1620 welking1630 westerning1851 sunsetty1860 a1400 Gloss. in T. Wright & J. O. Halliwell Reliquiæ Antiquæ (1845) I. 6 Emerceo, to wex drie and welkynge. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 521/1 Welkynge, marcor. 1630 J. Lane Contin. Squire's Tale (Ashm. 53) (1888) ix. 225 While welking Phoebus went down to the west. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1926; most recently modified version published online December 2020). † welkv.² Etymology: Related to walk v., waulk v. Obsolete. rare. transitive. To roll or knead together. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > condition or state of being mixed or blended > mix or blend [verb (transitive)] > by kneading, stirring, etc. workeOE welka1400 confrayc1420 to work upc1425 tamper1573 to mill up1747 braid1851 a1400 Stockholm Med. MS. i. 300 in Anglia XVIII. 302 Take garlek & hony & an eyis ȝelke, Do hem to-gedyr wel bete & welke. a1825 R. Forby Vocab. E. Anglia (1830) Welk,..To soak, roll, and macerate in a fluid. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1926; most recently modified version published online September 2018). < v.¹a1300v.²a1400
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welkv.1

Derivatives

† welkv.2

welkv.¹

† welkv.²