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单词 weather
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weathern.

Brit. /ˈwɛðə/, U.S. /ˈwɛðər/
Forms: Old English weder, Middle English wæder, Middle English weder, Middle English Scottish vedir, weddire, wedyre, Middle English wedir(e, wedre, wedur, wedyr, whedir, Middle English Scottish weddre, weddir, weddyr, wedere, wedyer, wheder, whed(d)yr, 1500s weddur, wedor, Scottish wadder, ( veddir), wodder, woddir, woder, ( vodder); Middle English wethyr, Middle English–1600s wether, Middle English–1500s whether, 1500s, 1800s Scottish wathir, (1500s vedthir), 1500s– weather.
Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.
Etymology: Common Germanic (not recorded in Gothic): Old English weder neuter, Old Frisian weder , wether (North Frisian wedder , West Frisian waer , war ), Old Saxon wedar weather, storm, Dutch weder , weer , Old High German wetar (Middle High German weter , modern German wetter ), Old Norse veðr (Swedish väder , Danish vejr ) < Old Germanic *weđro-m . It is uncertain whether the pre-Germanic form was *wedhro-m (= Old Church Slavonic vedro , Russian (obsolete) vëdro good weather, vedrŭ adjective, fair, said of weather; cognate with Lithuanian vidras , vydra , storm, áudra storm, flood) or *wetró-m (ablaut-variant of Lithuanian vétra storm, Old Church Slavonic vĕtrŭ air, wind); on either alternative the word is probably < the Indogermanic root *wē to blow (see wind n.1) + suffix dhro- or tro-.The spelling with th instead of the earlier d first occurs in the 15th cent. (though the pronunciation which it indicates may well be much older); before the end of the 16th cent. it had become universal. In several dialects, chiefly Scots and north-western, the pronunciation with (d) still survives. See th n.1, and the note s.v. father n. The nautical use = wind, direction of the wind (see senses 3, Compounds 3) is probably derived < Old Norse veðr.
1.
a.
(a) The condition of the atmosphere (at a given place and time) with respect to heat or cold, quantity of sunshine, presence or absence of rain, hail, snow, thunder, fog, etc., violence or gentleness of the winds. Also, the condition of the atmosphere regarded as subject to vicissitudes.For wind and weather (rarely †weather and wind) see wind n.1 5.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > [noun]
weatherc725
weatheringa1122
wind and weathera1225
time?a1425
c725 Corpus Gloss. (Hessels) T 121 Temperiem, uueder.
OE Azarias 62 Tosweop ond toswengde þurh swiðes meaht liges leoman, swa hyra lice ne scod, ac wæs in þam ofne, þa se engel cwom, windig ond wynsum, wedere onlicust, þonne on sumeres tid sended weorþeð dropena dreorung mid dæges hwile.
a1100 Gerefa in Anglia (1886) 9 259 Þæt he friðige & forðige ælce [tilþe] be ðam..ðe hine weder wisað.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 6008 Þe wind gon aliðen & þat weder leoðede.
1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 2441 & vor weder & oþer þing on erþe after hom [sc. the planets] moche is, Þis misbileuede men hom clupede godes.
c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde iii. 670 And if ye liggen wel to-night, com ofte, And careth not what weder is on-lofte.
c1400 T. Chestre Launfal 223 And for hete of the wedere Hys mantell he feld togydere And sette hym doun to reste.
c1403 J. Lydgate Temple Glas 395 And oft also, aftir a dropping mone, The weddir clereþ.
?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) l. 627 But sodanly þe wedir chaunged.
1523 J. Skelton Goodly Garlande of Laurell sig. F How men were wonte for to discerne By candelmes day what wedder shuld holde.
1528 D. Lindsay Dreme 774 Surmountyng the myd Regioun of the air, Quhare no maner of perturbatioun Off wodder may ascend so hie as thair.
1540 R. Jonas tr. E. Roesslin Byrth of Mankynde i. f. xliiiv Item the intemperancie and mutation of the ayre, and whether maye be cause of aborcemente.
1545 R. Ascham Toxophilus ii. f. 40 The lengthe or shortnesse of the marke is alwayes vnder the rule of the wether.
1609 Pimlyco D 2 To know what Wether was to come By 'th Almanacke.
1667 T. Sprat Hist. Royal-Soc. 247 A Wheel-Barometer, and other Instruments for finding the pressure of the Air, and serving to predict the changes of the Weather.
1678 Lady Chaworth in 12th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1890) App. v. 45 Lady Portsmouth..goes to Bourbon as soone as the weather opens to allow travelling.
1779 Mirror No. 35 The conversation began about the weather, my aunt observing, that the seasons were wonderfully altered in her memory.
1853 E. C. Gaskell Ruth III. i. 21 It was weather for open doors and windows.
1859 H. Kingsley Recoll. G. Hamlyn viii However, I am sincerely glad you are come, I knew no weather would stop you.
1890 C. Dixon Ann. Bird Life 309 They are birds which have no regular winter home…they wander to and fro, south and north, just as the exigency of the weather drives them.
(b) In adverbial phrases sometimes with omission of in.
ΚΠ
1738 Countess of Pomfret in Countess of Hartford & Countess of Pomfret Corr. (1805) I. 10 On your left hand is the fire, (no bad thing this weather), and on your right a window.
1896 A. E. Housman Shropshire Lad xxv. 36 Fred keeps the house all kinds of weather.
b. With descriptive adjective, e.g., good, bad; hot, cold, warm; bright, dull; fine, fair, foul; dry, wet, rainy; clear, thick; rough, windy, still, calm.
ΚΠ
c893 tr. Orosius Hist. vi. xxxii Þa het he betan þærinne micel fyr, for þon hit wæs ceald weder.
c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) xvi. 2 To-morgen hyt byð smylte weder, þes heofen ys read.
c1220 Bestiary 236 Ðe mire is maȝti, Mikel ȝe swinkeð In sumer and in softe weder.
c1290 S.E. Leg. 198 Þat weder þat was so cler and fair.
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 129 Ase uayr weder went in-to rene.
1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 1442 Nowes the wedir bright and shynand, And now waxes it alle domland.
1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. vii. 310 Þorw Flodes and foul weder Fruites schul fayle.
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 2440 What of here hard heiȝing & of þe hote weder, Meliors was al mat.
c1394 P. Pl. Crede 300 Nou han þei..hosen in harde weder.
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 146/1 Fayre, mery wedur or tyme, amenus.
1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur xiv. ix. 653 And at that tyme the wheder was hote.
1490 W. Caxton tr. Eneydos xv. 56 The reyny wedre therto propyce and conuenable.
1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball ii. xlvi. 204 Sometimes they flower againe in Autumne when the whether is milde and pleasant.
a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) v. iv. 134 You and you, are sure together, As the Winter to fowle Weather . View more context for this quotation
1631 E. Pellham Gods Power 4 But the next day,..the weather falling out something thicke, and much yce in the Offing [etc.].
1653 I. Walton Compl. Angler ii. 41 The gloves of an Otter are the best fortification for your hands against wet weather that can be thought of. View more context for this quotation
1774 M. Mackenzie Treat. Maritim Surv. 95 In moderate Weather, anchor a Vessel at the Shoal.
1782 F. Burney Cecilia V. ix. iii. 46 To go out in all weather to work.
1782 F. Burney Cecilia V. ix. v. 95 The weather being good on the morning that he called.
1842 C. Dickens Amer. Notes I. ii. 20 The vessel being pretty deep in the water,..and the weather being calm and quiet, there was but little motion.
1853 C. Dickens Bleak House xv. 148 There was no fire, though the weather was cold.
1919 H. L. Wilson Ma Pettengill 165 Will you look at that mess of clouds? I bet it's falling weather over in Surprise Valley.
c. figurative and in figurative context; spec. (literary), applied to an intellectual climate, state of mind, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > circumstance or circumstances > [noun]
thingeOE
to-tagc12..
estrec1300
casec1325
aboutstanding1340
circumstancec1380
termsa1382
conditionc1384
befalla1492
weather1603
attendant1607
belonginga1616
circumstantial1647
incident1649
incidence1670
incidental1707
attitude1744
circs1883
society > leisure > the arts > literature > [noun] > literary climate
weather1909
1603 R. Johnson tr. G. Botero Hist. Descr. Worlde 65 Iustinian restored it [the Empire] somewhat to a better state, driuing the Vandals out of Africke, and the Gothes out of Italy by his captaines; but this faire weather lasted not long.
1630 Bp. J. Hall Occas. Medit. §lxxiii O God..Let mee haue no Weather but Sunneshine from thee.
1751 T. Smollett Peregrine Pickle IV. civ. 136 Pipes, who..knew the contents of the piece [a pistol], asked..if it must be foul weather through the whole voyage.
1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian x, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. IV. 211 Certain polemical skirmishes betwixt her father and her husband, which..often threatened unpleasant weather between them.
1862 W. M. Thackeray Adventures of Philip II. xii. 273 We hadn't much besides our pay, had we? we rubbed on through bad weather and good, managing as best we could.
1878 E. W. Benson Let. in A. C. Benson Life of E. W. Benson (1899) I. xiii. 463 But we have foul weather coming. We have to do the Church's work without sacrificing those party men, [etc.].
1901 N. Amer. Rev. Feb. 266 A barometer is thus formed by which the financial weather of the country is forecast.
1909 H. James Roderick Hudson (rev. ed.) vii. 147 He supposed that these changes of intellectual weather..were the lot of every poet.
1922 G. Santayana Solil. in England 30 What governs the Englishman is his inner atmosphere, the weather in his soul.
1927 T. Wilder Bridge San Luis Rey 17 Such authors live always in the noble weather of their own minds.
1962 K. Allott Penguin Bk. Contemp. Verse (ed. 2) 18 A short introduction giving explicit attention to the poetic ‘weather’ of each of the last four decades.
†d. With indefinite article: A kind of weather; a spell of a particular kind of weather. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > [noun] > kinds of weather > a spell of a kind of
weatherc1275
impression1426
meteor1563
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 3688 Þeo com heom a wedere wunderliche feire.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 2283 Æst aras a ladlich weder.
c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde iii. 657 Lord, this is an huge rayn! This were a weder for to slepen inne.
c1400 Laud Troy Bk. 12914 It made tho a lothely wedur, Hit raynes faste, thondres, & blowes.
1546 tr. A. P. Gasser Prognostication A viij b Not long before the Sonne shall set, we may looke for a trobelous wether, & perchaunce snow.
1548 T. Cooper Bibliotheca Eliotæ (rev. ed.) Apricitas,..a fayre clere wether.
1618 S. Rowlands Sacred Memorie 25 Their storme was chang'd into a fayre calme weather.
e. plural. Kinds of weather: sometimes equivalent to singular. Now rare except in (in) all weathers.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > [noun] > kinds of weather
weathersa900
extreme weather1576
a900 Andreas 1256 Weder coledon heardum hægelscurum, swylce hrim ond forst, hare hildstapan, hæleða eðel lucon, leoda gesetu.
OE Beowulf 546 Wedera cealdost, nipende niht, ond norþanwind heaðogrim ondhwearf.
c1000 Sax. Leechd. II. 244 Swa bið eac on wintra, for cyle & for þara wedra missenlicnesse, þæt se milte wyrð gelefed.
c1175 Lamb. Hom. 13 Westmes þorð uuele wederas oft and ilome scal for-wurðan.
c1325 Poem temp. Edw. II (Percy) xxxv Catel cometh and goth As wederis don in lyde.
1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 1424 Sere variaunce, for certayn skille, Of þe tyms and wedirs and sesons.
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 5216 For wind & gode wederes hade þei at wille.
1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xv. 349 For þorw werre and wykked werkes and wederes vnresonable Wederwise shipmen..Han no belieue to þe lifte ne to þe lore of philosofres.
c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 146 God..nedith not to haue housis ouer him for to couere him fro reyne and fro othir sturne wedris.
a1450 Le Morte Arth. 2470 Wederes had they feyre and good.
1526 in R. Willis & J. W. Clark Archit. Hist. Univ. Cambr. (1886) I. 618 Dowble bandes of leade for defence of great wyndes and other outragious wethers.
1639 J. Taylor Part Summers Trav. 44 Every Sunday, be it Winter or Summer, all manner of weathers.
1697 T. Smith in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eminent Literary Men (1843) (Camden) 247 I was forced..to go downe to Westminster..in all weathers.
1707 E. Ward Wooden World Dissected 21 He's..not so stiff as to carry side against all Weathers.
1717 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 17 May (1965) I. 355 It is cover'd on the Top with boards to keep out the rain, that Merchants may meet conveniently in all Weathers.
1849 C. Brontë Shirley I. xi. 272 She took walks in all weathers—long walks in solitary directions.
1862 H. Kingsley Ravenshoe xix It was impossible to pass round the promontory on horseback in the best of weathers; now doubly so.
1864 C. Dickens Our Mutual Friend (1865) I. i. v. 33 All weathers saw the man at the post.
figurative.a1616 W. Shakespeare Winter's Tale (1623) v. i. 194 Camillo ha's betray'd me; Whose honor, and whose honestie till now, Endur'd all Weathers . View more context for this quotation
†f. With implied favourable qualification: Weather suitable for some purpose. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > [noun] > kinds of weather > a spell of a kind of > weather suitable for some purpose
weather1393
1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. vii. 113 Bote ich hadde wedir at my wil ich wited god þe cause.
c1400 Laud Troy Bk. 3280 Thei..passed the see, when thei hadde wedur, To Thenedoun.
1469 in T. Stapleton Plumpton Corr. (1839) 21 Whether is so latesum in this cuntrey, that men can neither well gett corne nor hay.
c1480 (a1400) St. Machor 1486 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 43 Þar-to weddire had þai þane, þat þai wane froyt of land & se thru his prayere in gret pleynte.
g. With unfavourable implication: Adverse, unpleasant, hurtful, or destructive condition of the atmosphere; rain, frost, wind-driven waves, etc. as destructive agents. stress of weather: see stress of weather at stress n. 3a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > bad weather > [noun]
un-i-withereOE
weathera1122
judgement weather1796
muck1855
Liverpool weather1896
a1122 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) ann. 1097 He þohte his hired on Winceastre to healdenne, ac he wearð þurh weder gelet.
a1122 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) ann. 1114 Ac wæder him lætte.
1340–70 Alex. & Dind. 443 Swich housinge we han to holde out þe wedures.
1425 W. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 1 Whether it wille chippe or chynne or affraye with frost or weder or water.
c1450 (c1400) Sowdon of Babylon (1881) l. 76 A drift of wedir vs droffe to Rome.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Edward IV f. ccxxxiiiv Which bridge was made & couered with bordes, onely to kepe of the wether.
1557 T. Tusser Hundreth Good Pointes Husbandrie sig. B.iv Thinges sowne, set or graft, in good memory haue: from beast, birde and weather, to cherishe and saue.
1606 G. W. tr. Justinus Hist. ii. 7 Before the vse of garments was found out against weathers iniury.
1616 T. Scot Philomythie sig. I4v His [sc. the weathercock's] taile was too too weake, when euery feather Was bent with storms, & broken with the weather.
1638 M. Casaubon Treat. Use & Custome 77 It hath beene observed of some free stones, that..if they bee laid in that proper posture, which they had naturally in their quarries, they grow very hard and durable against both time and weather.
1665 in 10th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1885) App. v. 4 The stones..being of a soft..condition and not able to endure the sunn and weather.
1700 Moxon's Mech. Exercises: Bricklayers-wks. 14 Chords, which should be well Pitched to preserve them from the weather, and rotting.
1815 W. Scott Lord of Isles iv. xxii. 158 Weather and war their rougher trace Have left on that majestic face.
1853 C. Dickens Bleak House lvii. 546 ‘Are you well wrapped up..?’.. I told him I cared for no weather, and was warmly clothed.
1872 O. Shipley Gloss. Eccl. Terms at Louvre Boards Boards..to keep out the weather.
figurative.1663 W. Charleton Chorea Gigantum 18 An Invention..not so firmly founded, as to be impregnable; nor so closely compacted in all its parts, as to keep out all weather of Contradiction.
h. Violent wind accompanied by heavy rain or agitation of the waves. Now dialect and Nautical †Also, a storm, tempest; often pleonastically, weather storm, tempest of weather(s). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > bad weather > [noun] > stormy weather
weatherc888
unweatherc950
weatheringa1450
rough-weather1833
gurl1880
c888 Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. xxxviii. §1 Ða gestod hine heah weder & stormsæ.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 53 Mid wolcnen & mid wedere heo þoleden wen-siðes.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 3055 Moyses, do ðis weder charen, And gu sal [ic] leten vt-faren.
c1381 G. Chaucer Parl. Foules v. 681 Now welcom somer, with thy sonne softe, That hast this wintres weders over-shake.
a1400 K. Alis. (Laud) 5794 Þe wederes stronge & tempestes..hem duden grete molestes.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 6018 Þe seuend on-sand [sc. of the plagues of Egypt]..Was a weder ful selcut snell.
c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) xxxii. 144 Þer es neuermare..nowþer thunner ne leuenyng, haile ne snawe, ne oþer tempestez of ill weders.
1402 Polit. Poems (Rolls) II. 44 To were us from wederes of wynteres stormes.
c1420 Wyntoun Cron. vii. x. 3278 And þar be a tempest fel Off gret wedderis scharpe and snel.
1490 W. Caxton tr. Eneydos xxx. 114 Whan thenne they had ronne & saylled so moche that they were in the highe see a stronge weddre arose.
1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Chron. (1812) I. cccxxiv. 506 This rayne and wether endured tyll the sonne rose.
1526 Bible (Tyndale) Heb. xii. 18 Ye are not come..to myst and darcknes and tempest of wedder [Gk. θυέλλῃ].
1530 Myroure Oure Ladye (Fawkes) (1873) iii. 303 There are gendered tempastes of weder and hayle.
1531 in J. W. Clay Testamenta Eboracensia (1902) VI. 26 Tempestes of wedder or stormes.
1532 (c1385) Usk's Test. Loue in Wks. G. Chaucer i. f. cccxxviiiv And so by mokel duresse of wethers & of stormes..I was driuen to an yle.
1553 T. Wilson Arte of Rhetorique 106 b Diogenes beeyng vpon the Sea emong a number of naughtie packes in a greate storme of wether, when diuerse of these wicked felowes cried out for feare of drownyng, [etc.].
1598 in Rec. Convent. Burghs Scot. (1870) II. 27 [They] alegeit thai war impeidit be storme of wedder.
1703 W. Dampier Voy. New Holland i. 10 Upon these Signs Ships either get up their Anchors, or slip their Cables and put to Sea, and ply off and on till the Weather is over.
1718 T. Hearne Remarks & Coll. (1902) VI. 212 The Master and the other Servant, running through the Weather towards the Houses, were both struck dead.
1894 H. Caine Manxman iii. v ‘Then don't be late,’ said he, ‘there's weather coming.’
1898 Morning Post 11 Nov. 5/2 Wasn't it a beautifully disciplined Mess, though? I wish you could see 'em at sea in weather.
†i. What falls from the clouds; rain, snow, etc. Also in figurative context. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > precipitation or atmospheric moisture > [noun]
wetec897
wetc1290
weather1382
ymurc1540
rheum?1553
precipitation1605
precipitate1832
1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Deut. xxxii. 2 Flowe as dewe my speche, as wedre [L. imber] vpon erbe. [cf. Job xxiv. 8, Eccl. xi. 3, Isa. v. 6, Jer. xiv. 22.]
c1400 Rom. Rose 4336 But er he it in sheves shere, May falle a weder that shal it dere.
a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1537) xxxiv. f. 59 The labourer whan it reyneth not, couereth his house, thinkinge that an other tyme the wethers or raynes wyll fall theron and trouble hym.
1572 (a1500) Taill of Rauf Coilȝear (1882) 74 The wedderis ar sa fell, that fallis on the feild.
a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) iv. ii. 109 A fearefull eye thou hast... So foule a skie, cleeres not without a storme, Poure downe thy weather: how goes all in France? View more context for this quotation
1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. Weather, a fall of rain or snow accompanied with boisterous wind, Roxb. When the wind comes singly.., [people say] ‘It 'ill be no weather the day, but wind’.
†j. In contexts relating to clouds or fog, the word sometimes assumes the sense of: Air, sky. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > gas > air > [noun] > air above our heads
liftOE
airc1300
weathera1400
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) l. 24414 Þe wedder [Gött. air, Vesp. aier] be-gan to derkin & blake.
a1500 Coventry Corpus Christi Plays i. 209 These wedurs ar darke and dym of lyght.
?a1500 Nominale (Yale Beinecke 594) in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 801/1–4 Hic aier, Hec aera, Hic ether, Hec ethera, the wethyr.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 648/1 I overcast, as the weather dothe wan it is close or darke and lykely to rayne... We shall have a rayne a none, the weather is sore overcaste sodaynly... I overcast, as the cloudes do the weather.
?1606 M. Drayton To Camber-Britans in Poemes Lyrick & Pastorall sig. C5v Arrowes..that like to serpents stoong, pearcing the Wether.
2. Phrases.
†a. the weather rains, thunders, etc. = ‘it rains’, etc. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > [verb (intransitive)] > actions of weather
the weather rains, thunders1390
1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 140 The weder schal upon thee reine.
1590 J. Smythe Certain Disc. Weapons 19 b If in the tyme of anie battle..the weather doth happen to raine, haile, or snow.
1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 24 The weather thundring and storming exceedingly.
†b. to make (rarely bear) fair weather: to be conciliatory, make a show of friendliness (to or with a person); also, to make a specious show of goodness, etc. to make fair weather of (a state of things): to gloss over, represent as better than it is. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > courtesy > be courteous [verb (intransitive)] > be agreeable
to make good visagec1386
to make (rarely bear) fair weatherc1400
to do (also make, play) the agreeable1825
to suit a person's book1827
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > misjudgement > misjudge [verb (transitive)] > over-estimate or overvalue
to make much (also little, nothing, too much, etc.) of (or on)c1395
to make of (also on)c1449
to make fair weather of1537
over-reckon1537
overmind1571
overween1588
overprize?1589
overcount1593
overvalue1597
overrate1599
wondernize1599
overhold1609
over-cess1611
overweight1613
overthinka1618
over-title1620
overcast1622
overmeasure1625
over-sum1628
overesteema1639
overproportion1642
outbid1688
overcharge1711
overestimate1797
overreach1822
overplay1835
maximize1866
maximate1881
out-reckon1898
fetishize1934
c1400 Laud Troy Bk. 8289 At here comyng thei made fair wedur, And spak of many thynges to-gedur.
1537 T. Cromwell in R. B. Merriman Life & Lett. T. Cromwell (1902) II. 93 Thother parte declare him in wordes towardes his Maieste to make only faire wether, and in his harte..to doo all that he canne to his graces dishonour.
a1557 J. Cheke Let. in Nugæ Antiquæ (1769) I. 72 And if anye suche shall be, that shall of all things make fair weather, and, whatsoever they shall see to the contrarye, shall tell you all is well.
1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. ccclxixv Duke Moris..to make fayre weather [L. pacificationis causa] sendeth his Ambassadors to the Counsel.
1583 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Serm. on Deuteronomie cxix. 732 And that is the cause why wee see so fewe holde out in weldoing. Many make faire wether for a time, so as yee woulde thinke them to bee maruellous good men: but in the turning of a hande all is marde.
1589 R. Payne Briefe Descr. Ireland 7 Al the better sort doe deadly hate ye Spaniardes, & yet I thinke they beare them fayre weather, for that they are the popes champions.
1596 Raigne of Edward III sig. B1v Returne and say, That we with England will not enter parlie, Nor neuer make faire wether, or take truce. View more context for this quotation
1598 J. Marston Certaine Satyres in Metamorph. Pigmalions Image 31 Ixion makes faire weather vnto Ioue.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 2 (1623) v. i. 30 But I must make faire weather yet a while, Till Henry be more weake, and I more strong. View more context for this quotation
1622 F. Bacon Hist. Raigne Henry VII 49 To which message, although the French King gaue no full credit, yet he made faire weather with the King, and seemed satisfied.
1673 F. Kirkman Unlucky Citizen 163 My Mother-in-law made very fair weather to me, and gave me many good words.
c. Nautical. Of a ship, to make good, bad, etc. weather of it: to behave well or ill in a storm.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > action or motion of vessel > [verb (intransitive)] > sustain a storm or danger
live1589
ridea1649
to make good, bad, etc. weather of it1669
busk1713
to busk it out1744
1669 S. Sturmy Mariners Mag. i. ii. 17 We make foul weather.
1781 Naval Chron. 11 287 The Ship makes a very good weather of it.
1860 Mercantile Marine Mag. 7 86 The ship making very bad weather and shipping large quantities of water.
1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Make bad weather, To. A ship rolling, pitching, or leaking violently in a gale.
1881 Daily Tel. 28 Jan. The sea was..not so heavy but that in my judgment a twenty-ton yacht would have made excellent weather of it.
figurative.1915 ‘I. Hay’ First Hundred Thousand i. xiii. §2 The feckless and muddle-headed, making heavy weather of the simplest tasks.
d. in the weather: in an exposed situation, unprotected from rain, cold, and wind; in the open air (usually with implication of severe weather). Similarly to go into, through the weather.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > gas > air > fresh air > [phrase] > in the open air
in the street(s)a1400
in the weathera1513
in overt1599
sub dio1602
in fresco1620
on (also upon) the street(s)1653
sub jove frigido1806
a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. lxxxiii. f. xxxii The kynges Herdemen passyd by, And seynge this Bysshop with his company syttyng in the weder, desyred hym to his howse to take there such poore lodgynge as he had.
1669 S. Sturmy Mariners Mag. ii. 102 The Tree roots best, that in the Weather stands.
1700 Moxon's Mech. Exercises: Bricklayers-wks. 5 The out side of Buildings that lies in the Weather.
1842 C. Dickens Amer. Notes I. ii. 41 The captain..turns up his coat collar..and goes laughing out into the weather as merrily as to a birth-day party.
1865 Mrs. H. Wood Mildred Arkell xlvi They started together through the weather to the house of William Arkell.
1880 W. D. Howells Undiscovered Country xiii. 190 Her longing to be in the weather [after an illness].
†e. down the weather: in adversity. to go down the weather: to become bankrupt. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > adversity > in adversity [phrase]
on the gridiron1590
under a cloudc1605
down the weather1611
up the (also a) pole1897
on the mat1917
society > trade and finance > management of money > insolvency > [verb (intransitive)] > become bankrupt
to play (the) bankrupt1548
bankrupt1552
to take Ludgate1585
break1600
to go down the weather1611
to break the bank1623
to go to the right shop1655
to swallow a spider1670
to march off1683
to go off1688
to break up shop1712
bust1834
burst1848
to go up King Street1864
to go bust1875
to go under1882
to belly up1886
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues at Aller Aller au saffran, to fall to decay, to grow bankrupt in estate, to goe downe the weather.
a1643 J. Shute Sarah & Hagar (1649) 63 We see how Job was despised when he was down the weather, yea even by those, whom, when he prospered, he would scarce have set with the dogs of his flock.
f. under the weather (originally U.S.): indisposed, not quite well.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > [adjective] > in state of ill health or diseased > disordered or out of sorts
out of estatec1400
disordainedc1430
out of order1530
mistempered?1541
untemperate1541
so-soa1592
indisposed1598
discomposed1603
out of sorts1621
disorderly1655
queerish1684
out of one's gears1699
disordered1708
uneasy1725
seedy1729
queer1749
scaly1803
quisby1807
under the weather1827
all nohow1852
toneless1854
nohowish1867
chippy1868
fishy1868
off-colour1876
dicky1883
on-and-offish1888
cheap1891
crook1916
lousy1933
1827 B. R. Milam Let. 27 Mar. in E. C. Barker Austin Papers (1924) I. ii. 1622 The fredonians is all here rather under the wether.
1850 D. G. Mitchell Lorgnette (1852) I. 50 As for the Frenchman, though now, between the valorous Poussin and the long-faced Bonaparte, a little under the weather [etc.].
1882 M. E. Braddon Mt. Royal II. iv. 59 ‘What, old lady, are you under the weather?’ he asked, turning to survey his mother with a critical air.
1887 F. R. Stockton Borrowed Month 68 They had been very well as a general thing, although now and then they might have been under the weather for a day or two.
g. weather permitting phr. often appended to an announcement (e.g. of the sailing of a vessel) to indicate that it is conditional on the weather being favourable.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > qualification > [adverb] > depending on weather
weather permitting1712
1712 London Gaz. No. 4953/4 The Edgley Gally will be ready to Sail.., Wind and Weather permitting.
1842 C. Dickens Amer. Notes I. i. 6 There was a beautiful port-hole which could be kept open all day (weather permitting).
1883 Black's Guide Devon. (ed. 11) 164 The steamers from Portishead to Ilfracombe call, going and returning, weather permitting.
h. clerk of the weather: see Clerk of the Weather n. at clerk n. Compounds 2.
ΚΠ
1829 P. Egan Boxiana New Ser. II. 302 Asking of no favours from the clerk of the weather to keep off ‘the pitiless pelting storm’, as their greasy jackets were proof against all watery attacks.
1833 C. F. Hoffman Let. 29 Oct. in Winter in West (1835) I. 39 I could not, if I had made my own private arrangements with the clerk of the weather, have fixed it upon the whole more to my satisfaction.
i. to stretch wing to weather: to fly.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > flight > [verb (intransitive)]
to make winga1616
to stretch wing to weather1825
flag1848
1825 W. Scott Betrothed vii, in Tales Crusaders II. 140 If they be not carefully trained..I would rather have a goss-hawk on my perch, than the fairest falcon that ever stretched wing to weather.
j. above (or over) the weather (Aeronautics), above the range of weather conditions acting at ground-level; above the clouds.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > air or space travel > action of flying (in) aircraft > navigation of course of aircraft > [adverb] > above the clouds
above (or over) the weather1944
1944 Aviation Feb. 497/1 The plane climbs..to fly ‘over the weather’.
1958 Listener 16 Oct. 593/1 It was said that they [sc. accidents] had destroyed all prospect of carrying passengers at speeds not far short of the speed of sound, far above the weather, at heights of 35,000 feet.
3. Nautical. The direction in which the wind is blowing. ‘Applied to anything lying to windward of a particular situation’ (Adm. Smyth). In various phrases: to luff nigh the weather: to sail near the wind; in quot. figurative. to drive with the weather: to drift with the wind and waves. to have the weather of: to be to windward of (another ship); similarly in, into, on, to, upon (the) weather of. Also, in, into the weather; up to weather: to windward. Cf. a-weather adv. and prep.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > use of wind > avail oneself of a wind [verb (intransitive)] > sail close to the wind
to luff nigh the weather1390
up to weather1526
society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > use of wind > get into the current of the wind [verb (transitive)] > get or keep weather gauge of
to have the weather of1526
to gain, get, or take the wind of1563
get1600
to give, have the wind of1600
to recover the wind of1604
weather-gauge1892
society > travel > travel by water > action or motion of vessel > [verb (intransitive)] > make progress > drift
to drive with the weather1526
to drive off1617
drift1762
1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis II. 370 Or elles thei take ate leste Out of hir hand or ring or glove, So nyh the weder thei wol love.
1526 Bible (Tyndale) Acts xxvii. 15 We lett her goo, and drave with the wedder [ἐϕερόμεθα].
1588 in State Papers Defeat Spanish Armada (1894) II. 107 After this we cast about our ship, and kept ourselves close by the Spaniard until midnight, sometime hearing a voice in Spanish calling us; but the wind being very great and we in the weather, the voice was carried away.
1589 J. Sparke in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations iii. 524 His pinnesse..being in the weather of him.
1589 Voy. W. Towrson in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations i. 113 When we met, they had the weather of vs.
1589 Voy. W. Towrson in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations i. 113 Wee had sight of three sailes of shippes..which were in the weather of vs.
c1595 Capt. Wyatt in G. F. Warner Voy. R. Dudley to W. Indies (1899) 18 [Hee] gave commaundement that the carvell shoulde plie up into the weather.
c1595 Capt. Wyatt in G. F. Warner Voy. R. Dudley to W. Indies (1899) 18 The French admerall, who laie aloofe of some six leagues to weather.
1692 Smith's Sea-mans Gram. (new ed.) i. xvi. 78 Weather Gage, is when one Ship has the Wind (or is to weather) of another.
1842 R. Browning Waring in Bells & Pomegranates No. III: Dramatic Lyrics 11/2 The boat..from the lee, Into the weather cut somehow Her sparkling path beneath our bow.
1868 Field 25 July 83/2 The Mabella [yacht] too, was much closer on her weather than was pleasant.
1903 Times 21 Aug. 4/3 Reliance, though astern, was well up to weather.
1903 Times 21 Aug. 4/3 Reliance by now had unmistakably got upon the challenger's weather.
4. The angle which the sails of a windmill make with the perpendicular to the axis. More fully, angle of weather.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > mills > [noun] > windmill > operations of
weather1760
1760 J. Smeaton in Philos. Trans. 1759 (Royal Soc.) 51 141 The angle of the sails is accounted from the plain of their motion; that is, when they stand at right angles to the axis, their angle is denoted 0°, this notation being agreeable to the language of practitioners, who call the angle so denoted, the weather of the sail.
1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 138 In the mill-wright's terms, the greatest angle of weather was 30 degrees, and the least varied from 12 to 6 degrees, as the inclination of the windshaft varied from 8 to 15 degrees.
5. = weathering n. 3a. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > condition of matter > bad condition of matter > [noun] > loss of material > wearing away > by action of weather
weathering1665
degradation1799
weather-wear1824
weather1894
1894 A. M. Bell in Jrnl. Anthropol. Inst. 23 272 Beyond doubt they [two flints] were chipped at the same time..yet one is weathered, and the other is unaltered. So from an isolated example of weather I am in no haste to draw a conclusion.
1894 A. M. Bell in Jrnl. Anthropol. Inst. 23 273 So also with surface finds; if they possess definite characteristics of form, of wear, of weather,..then these are certainly local accidents.

Compounds

General attributive.
C1.
a. Simple attributive.
weather bulletin n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > study or science of weather > [noun] > report
weather-report1863
weather bulletin1926
1926 R. Macaulay Crewe Train ii. viii. 157 She asked Arnold..to tell her when the weather bulletin came on; that was normally the only part of the programme to which she cared to listen.
1980 P. Moyes Angel Death xv. 198 The weather bulletin..advised guests that Hurricane Beatrice was..moving at a brisk fourteen knots.
weather-cast n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > study or science of weather > [noun] > weather prediction
weather-prophecy1843
forecast1862
weather-cast1866
weather-forecast1883
weather-making1883
weather prediction1909
nowcast1971
1866 A. Steinmetz Weathercasts 142 Weathercasts by the Barometer.
1878 R. Strachan in Mod. Meteorology (1879) 84 A system of storm-warnings and weather-casts.
1980 Time 17 Mar. 37/1 A native American art form, the television weathercast.
weather-change n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > [noun] > change or variation of weather
breaking up1832
break-up1836
weather-change1876
1876 ‘G. Eliot’ Daniel Deronda IV. vii. lii. 70 Something as dim as the sense of approaching weather-change.
weather-chart n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > study or science of weather > [noun] > chart or diagram
weather-map1877
weather-chart1901
1901 Westm. Gaz. 26 Oct. 5/2 The weather-chart…showed that there were several small atmospheric disturbances in the neighbourhood of the British Isles.
weather-forecast n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > study or science of weather > [noun] > weather prediction
weather-prophecy1843
forecast1862
weather-cast1866
weather-forecast1883
weather-making1883
weather prediction1909
nowcast1971
1883 Encycl. Brit. XVI. 158/1 Weather Forecasts and Storm Warnings.
weather-journal n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > study or science of weather > [noun] > record
weather-journal1868
1868 G. M. Hopkins Jrnls. & Papers (1959) 189 Henceforth I keep no regular weather-journal but only notes.
weather-lore n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > study or science of weather > [noun] > knowledge of weather
weather-wisdom1822
weather-lore1875
1875 Chambers's Jrnl. 2 Jan. 7/2 We shall thereby add every year to our weather-lore of the various oceans and seas.
weather-lorist n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > study or science of weather > [noun] > one who studies or is skilled in meteorology
meteorologer1555
meteorologician1580
meteorologian1583
meteorologist1638
weatherling1656
aerologist1847
aerographer1849
skygazer1860
weather-lorist1905
Met1943
1905 Westm. Gaz. 21 Aug. 10/1 A remarkable dearth of acorns..which, according to the weather lorists, is a favourable augury for the coming weather.
weather-map n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > study or science of weather > [noun] > chart or diagram
weather-map1877
weather-chart1901
1877 Pract. Mag. VII. 10/1 (heading) The Fac-simile Telegraph... An instrument which transmits by telegraph the weather maps of the Signal Service.
1883 Encycl. Brit. XVI. 157/1 The International Monthly Weather Maps issued by the United States Signal Service.
weather-mark n.
ΚΠ
1693 Humours & Conversat. Town 15 Bringing Old Age and Weather marks on you before you have run half your Course.
1849 G. Cupples Green Hand (1856) xiv. 139 I..kept my eyes hard fixed upon the bank of cloud, as some new weather-mark stole out in it.
weather prediction n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > study or science of weather > [noun] > weather prediction
weather-prophecy1843
forecast1862
weather-cast1866
weather-forecast1883
weather-making1883
weather prediction1909
nowcast1971
1909 Pall Mall Gaz. 12 Apr. 1/1 These two gentlemen, whose weather predictions are still listened to with some deference, have made a bad ‘gaffe’, to use a popular slang expression.
1951 M. McLuhan Mech. Bride 75/1 The comment is given in the style of stockmarket operations or weather predictions.
weather-report n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > study or science of weather > [noun] > report
weather-report1863
weather bulletin1926
1863 R. Fitzroy Weather Bk. 349 Local changes should be indicated to observers..by due attention to the published Weather Reports.
1939 T. S. Eliot Family Reunion ii. i. 97 And now it is nearly time for the news We must listen to the weather report.
1980 A. E. Fisher Midnight Men vii. 78 He could do without unfavourable weather reports.
weather-saw n.
ΚΠ
1871 G. M. Hopkins Jrnls. & Papers (1959) 213 The common weather-saw about the rainbow.
weather-screen n.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > other equipment of vessel > [noun] > devices to protect ship from weather > screen to protect from spray, etc.
dodger1898
weather-screen1914
weather-dodger1924
1914 ‘Bartimeus’ Naval Occasions xx. 181 The men on the bridge ducked their heads as..a shower of spray drifted over the weather-screens.
1977 P. Smalley Trove ii. 84 The triple-panel weather screen was fitted with heavy duty wipers.
weather-wear n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > condition of matter > bad condition of matter > [noun] > loss of material > wearing away > by action of weather
weathering1665
degradation1799
weather-wear1824
weather1894
1824 J. Mactaggart Sc. Gallovidian Encycl. 191 Owre moor and dale for mony a year, May Davie's famous dykes appear, Ne'er bilged out wi' wather-wear, But just the same.
1875 R. R. Brash Eccl. Archit. Ireland 96 In truth, I have seldom seen a better executed piece of masonry, despite the weather-wear of over seven hundred years.
† weather-wrack n. Obsolete
ΚΠ
a1627 W. Rowley & T. Middleton Wit at Severall Weapons ii. ii, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Kkkkkkv/2 Well, well, you have built a nest That will stand all stormes, you need not mistrust A weather-wrack.
b. Objective.
(a)
weather-caster n.
ΘΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > study or science of weather > [noun] > weather prediction > one who
weather-wizard1596
weather-caster1607
weather-spya1631
weather-monger1656
weather-prophet1866
weather-sharp1884
weather-maker1888
weather-forecaster1900
weather-casterc1904
weather-wise1922
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > study or science of weather > [noun] > weather prediction > broadcasting > one who
weather-forecaster1900
weather-casterc1904
c1904 Encycl. Dict. Suppl. Weather-caster.
1965 Punch 5 May 660/2 His great ambition in life is to be a TV weathercaster.
1980 Time 17 Mar. 37 TV weather~casters have been much mocked for their polyester jocularity.
weather-casting n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > study or science of weather > [noun] > weather prediction > broadcasting
weather-casting1980
1600 High Court of Admiralty Exam. (P.R.O.) 25 Dec. 34 [A ship] to the weatherward about a league.
1904 E. Dowden Robert Browning 73 The boat veers weatherward.
1980 Time 17 Mar. 37 (heading) The wonderful art of weather~casting.
weather-forecaster n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > study or science of weather > [noun] > weather prediction > one who
weather-wizard1596
weather-caster1607
weather-spya1631
weather-monger1656
weather-prophet1866
weather-sharp1884
weather-maker1888
weather-forecaster1900
weather-casterc1904
weather-wise1922
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > study or science of weather > [noun] > weather prediction > broadcasting > one who
weather-forecaster1900
weather-casterc1904
1900 Nature 29 Nov. 110/2 Disappointing..from the viewpoint of the weather forecaster.
1981 Times 9 Dec. 1 The weather forecasters were criticized..for not giving enough warning..of the snowfall.
† weather-wielder n. Obsolete
ΚΠ
?1611 G. Chapman tr. Homer Iliads vii. 3 As the weather-wielder sends, to Sea-men prosperous gales.
(b)
weather-braving adj.
ΚΠ
1800 J. Hurdis Favorite Village i. 4 How long upon the hill has stood Thy weather-braving tower.
weather-withstanding adj.
ΚΠ
1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian vi, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. IV. 132 Those prudent and resolved and weather-withstanding professors, wha hae kenned what it was to lurk..in bogs and in caverns.
c. Instrumental. Also weather-beaten adj., etc.
weather-bleached adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > named colours > white or whiteness > whitening > [adjective] > bleached > bleaching by exposure > bleached by exposure
bleached1384
weather-bleached1785
1785 W. Cowper Task v. 834 His country's weather-bleach'd and batter'd rocks.
weather-blown adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wind > [adjective] > blown (upon) by wind
windyOE
yblowe1377
blown1552
wind-blown1593
weather-blown?1611
breezy1717
gusty1726
windswept1791
breeze-swept1872
blastful1883
?1611 G. Chapman tr. Homer Iliads ii. 532 Strong Enispe, that for height, is euer weather-blowne.
weather-borne adj.
ΚΠ
1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Weather-borne, pressed by wind and sea.
weather-bronzed adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > skin > complexion > tan > [adjective]
brownc1384
nut-brownc1503
weather-beaten1530
tanned1564
tan-faced1614
tan-skinned1614
brown-complexioned1704
tanninga1717
brown-skinned1745
suntanned1796
well-tanned1815
weather-bronzed1837
bronzed1842
weather-tanned1853
saddle-coloured1854
bronze-faced1896
tan1963
1837 W. Irving Capt. Bonneville xv Their..weather-bronzed complexions.
weather-eaten adj.
ΚΠ
1814 S. T. Coleridge Lett. (1895) 640 [A Janus face] all weather eaten.
weather-hardened adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > constitution of matter > hardness > [adjective] > hardened > by specific means
fire-hardened1626
steel-hardened1834
weather-hardened1834
1834 R. Southey Doctor I. 111 A countenance which weather-hardened as it was, might have given the painter a model for a Patriarch.
weather-roughened adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > condition of matter > bad condition of matter > [adjective] > by loss of material or wasted > worn > by action of weather
weather-beatena1547
overweathered1600
weather-worn?1609
weather-beat?1615
weather-bita1616
weathered1789
withered1794
weather-scarred1876
weather-roughened1897
1897 W. B. Yeats Secret Rose 187 Her dark, weather-roughened skin.
weather-scarred adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > condition of matter > bad condition of matter > [adjective] > by loss of material or wasted > worn > by action of weather
weather-beatena1547
overweathered1600
weather-worn?1609
weather-beat?1615
weather-bita1616
weathered1789
withered1794
weather-scarred1876
weather-roughened1897
1876 R. Broughton Joan i. i The weather-scarred gray walls.
weather-stayed adj.
ΚΠ
1854 C. L. Balfour Working Women (1868) 395 Whenever he had a guest belated or weather-staid in that lonely region.
weather-tanned adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > skin > complexion > tan > [adjective]
brownc1384
nut-brownc1503
weather-beaten1530
tanned1564
tan-faced1614
tan-skinned1614
brown-complexioned1704
tanninga1717
brown-skinned1745
suntanned1796
well-tanned1815
weather-bronzed1837
bronzed1842
weather-tanned1853
saddle-coloured1854
bronze-faced1896
tan1963
1853 C. Dickens Bleak House lii. 501 A weather-tanned..woman with a basket.
weather-tinted adj.
ΚΠ
1814 W. Scott Waverley I. v. 67 The weather-tinted rock and tower. View more context for this quotation
† weather-waft adj. Obsolete
ΚΠ
1647 N. Ward Simple Cobler Aggawam 19 Men.., that are weather-waft up and down with every eddy-wind of every new Doctrine.
weather-wasted adj.
ΚΠ
1821 W. Scott Pirate II. v. 146 These hagard and weather-wasted features.
weather-worn adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > condition of matter > bad condition of matter > [adjective] > by loss of material or wasted > worn > by action of weather
weather-beatena1547
overweathered1600
weather-worn?1609
weather-beat?1615
weather-bita1616
weathered1789
withered1794
weather-scarred1876
weather-roughened1897
?1609 J. Healey tr. Bp. J. Hall Discouery New World i. v. 13 We beheld a tombe, which as far as I could guesse by the weather-worne inscription conteined the bones of the Romane Apicius.
1827 T. Carlyle State German Lit. in Misc. (1857) I. 48 The weather-worn sculptures of the Parthenon.
1862 D. T. Ansted & R. G. Latham Channel Islands i. i. 8 Sark, somewhat the loftiest of the islands, is also the most weather-worn.
d. With adjectives expressing imperviousness or power of resistance (to the weather), as weather-free, weather-resistant, weather-resisting, weather-tight, weather-tough. Also weather-resistance; weatherproof adj. and n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > [adjective] > weatherproof or resistant
weather-resistant1648
weather-resisting1648
weather-fast1910
weatherized1946
weatherproofed1963
weatherable1972
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > [noun] > exposure to weather > ability to withstand > quality of being weatherproof or resistant
weather-resistance1648
weatherproofness1933
the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > [adjective] > stopping up or blocking > without leak or tight > specific
watertight1489
wind-tight1507
wind and water tighta1550
weatherproof1647
weather-tight1648
wind-fast1648
airtight1728
steam-tight1765
waterproofed1813
gas-tight1819
acid-proof1844
gas-proof1846
oil-tight1847
mudproof1897
pressure-tight1899
draught-proof1908
weather-stripped1908
spill-proof1920
vacuum-tight1927
splash-proof1929
vapour-proof1946
1648 G. Daniel Eclog. ii. 6 Lambs, sooner wise then wee, Have got the Hedge, and now stand Weather-free.
1819 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto II xi. 124 The dashing spray Flies in one's face, and makes it weather-tough.
1832 H. Martineau Ella of Garveloch i. 10 If your honour would order the place down below to be made weather-tight for us.
1855 Poultry Chron. 3 388 Place a hen, with her brood, under a good weather~tight coop.
1894 Country Gentlemen's Catal. 269 Roofing felt.—The best known weather-resisting material yet introduced for roofing purposes.
1902 A. Austin Haunts Anc. Peace 20 The cottages..looked solid, sturdy, and weather-tight.
1934 Archit. Rev. 76 16/1 Many years of use have proved the method satisfactory, both as a weather-resistant and as insulation.
1942 E. Afr. Ann. 1941–2 98 (advt.) Anti-rust paint..durable, elastic, weather-resisting.
1967 M. Chandler Ceramics in Mod. World iv. 117 Another property that makes both porcelain and glass insulators particularly suitable for high-voltage insulators is their weather-resistance.
1970 New Yorker 3 Oct. 27/2 You can bolt on anything from redwood to weather-resistant aluminum.
C2. Special combinations:
weather balloon n. a balloon sent up to provide meteorological information, either by the course it takes or by means of instruments it carries.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > study or science of weather > meteorological instruments > [noun] > carrier for or with instruments > balloon
ballon-sonde1898
sounding balloon1937
weather balloon1940
rawinsonde1946
1940 War Illustr. 19 Jan. 614/3 (caption) Finnish soldiers are investigating weather conditions by sending up a weather balloon.
1979 J. Gribbin Weather Force vii. 160 (caption) Russian scientists..prepare to launch a flock of weather balloons, which will radio back information about conditions in the atmosphere's lower levels.
† weather-basket n. Obsolete a wickerwork screen or covering to protect a plant.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > equipment and buildings > [noun] > protective coverings for plants
pease-haulm1432
mulch1657
mattress1658
litter1666
weather-basket1699
Archangel mat1854
mulching1855
1699 L. Meager New Art of Gardening 28 When they are Grafted they must be fenced, either with a weather-basket, or some earthen Vessel.
weather-box n. = weather-house n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > study or science of weather > meteorological instruments > [noun] > hygroscope > in form of toy cottage
baby house1725
weather-house1726
weather-box1847
weather-cottage1906
1847 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair (1848) x. 82 The elder and younger son of the house of Crawley were, like the gentleman and lady in the weather-box, never at home together.
weather-brained adj. = weather-headed adj.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > lack of understanding > foolishness, folly > giddiness, empty-headedness > [adjective]
idlec825
giddyc1000
volage?a1366
apec1370
foolisha1382
vain1390
idleful1483
volageous1487
glaikit1488
cock-brained1530
apish1532
empty1550
sillyc1555
frivolous?1563
tickle-headed1583
light-braineda1593
frothy1593
owlish1596
bird-witted1605
empty-headed1614
idle-headed1614
empty-pateda1628
marmosetical1630
grollish1637
feather-headed1647
nonsense1647
whirl-crowned1648
feather-brained1649
swimmering1650
soft-pated1651
weather-headeda1652
shuttlecock1660
drum-headed1664
chicken-brained1678
halokit1724
desipient1727
shatter-pated1727
scattered-brained1747
light-thoughted1777
scatter-brained1804
shandy-pated1806
hellicat1815
feather-pated1819
inane1819
weather-brained1826
bubble-headed1827
tomfoolish1838
bird-brained1892
tottle1894
fluffy1898
scatty1911
wandery1912
scattery1924
twitterpated1943
1826 W. Scott Woodstock I. vii. 176 But art thou not an inconsequential weather-brained fellow, to set forth as thou wert about to do without anything to bear thy charges..?
1854 H. Miller Schools & Schoolmasters (1858) i. 10 There was a weather-brained tailor in the neighbourhood, who used to do very odd things, especially, it was said, when the moon was at the full.
weather bureau n. U.S. an agency (spec. one established by the Government) which observes and reports on weather conditions.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > study or science of weather > [noun] > organization
weather bureau1871
W.M.O.1951
W.W.W.1963
1871 Harper's Mag. Aug. 401/1 In the year 1857 Lieutenant M. F. Maury..appealed to the public and Congress, through the press, urging the establishment of a storm and weather bureau.
1890 U.S. Statutes XXVI. 653 The civilian duties now performed by the Signal Corps of the Army shall hereafter devolve upon a bureau to be known as the Weather Bureau.
1950 Los Angeles Times 12 Feb. 1/4 Weather Bureau figures show that ·34 inch fell during the rainstorm.
1978 S. Sheldon Bloodline iv. 71 July turned out to be the rainiest month in the history of the French weather bureau.
† weather-caster n. Obsolete a weather-prophet.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > study or science of weather > [noun] > weather prediction > one who
weather-wizard1596
weather-caster1607
weather-spya1631
weather-monger1656
weather-prophet1866
weather-sharp1884
weather-maker1888
weather-forecaster1900
weather-casterc1904
weather-wise1922
1607 T. Dekker Knights Conjuring sig. B2 The storme beeing at rest, what buying vp of Almanacks was there to see if the weather-casters had playd the Doctors to a haire.
weather centre n. an office which provides weather information and analysis; spec. in U.K., part of the Meteorological Office.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > study or science of weather > [noun] > office
Met1943
weather centre1961
1959 Times 19 Aug. 8/7 The Air Ministry Meteorological Office is to open a ‘weather shop’ where the public may call in person at the new home of the London forecasting office at Princes House, Kingsway.]
1961 A.A. Handbk. 17 ‘Weather Centres’ staffed by the Meteorological Office are open in London, in Glasgow, and in Manchester.
1973 C. Bonington Next Horizon xiii. 185 I..went through the daily ritual of getting the weather forecast. This entailed 'phoning..the weather centre in London.
weather clerk n. = Clerk of the Weather n. at clerk n. Compounds 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > [noun] > atmospheric agencies or powers > supposed controller of weather
Clerk of the Weather1831
weather clerk1877
Hughie1937
1877 ‘M. Twain’ New England Weather in Index (Boston) 11 Jan. 16/2 It must be raw apprentices in the weather-clerk's factory who experiment and learn how in New England.., and then are promoted to make weather for countries that require a good article.
1898 H. S. Canfield Maid of Frontier 111 I wouldn't have a weather clerk inside of me for any thing.
weather-cloth n. Nautical a covering of canvas or tarpaulin used to protect boats, hammocks, etc., or to shelter persons from wind and spray.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > other equipment of vessel > [noun] > devices to protect ship from weather > covering of canvas or tarpaulin
weather-cloth1856
1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. I. xxiv. 315 A sort of weather-cloth, which..would certainly make her more comfortable in heavy weather.
1897 Outing 29 547/1 A coil of rope for head-rest, a discarded sail for weather cloth.
weathercoat n. a weather-proof coat, a raincoat.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for body or trunk (and limbs) > [noun] > coat > types of > weatherproof
weathercoat1897
weatherproof1925
1897 J. L. Allen Choir Invisible x. 132 He got up at last and wrapped his weather-coat about him.
1930 Daily Express 6 Oct. 13/5 (caption) Real Harris tweed weathercoat.
1978 Sunday Times 21 May 1/6 (advt.) A pure silk wrap-around weathercoat..to protect you from summer showers..£165.
weather-cord n. a cord used as a hygrometer.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > liquid > moisture or humidity > [noun] > instrument for measuring humidity
hygrometer1670
weather-cord1747
psychrometer1838
moisture meter1935
1747 Philos. Trans. 1746 (Royal Soc.) 44 169 The Weather-Cord is an Hygrometer of a very ancient Invention.
weather-cottage n. = weather-house n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > study or science of weather > meteorological instruments > [noun] > hygroscope > in form of toy cottage
baby house1725
weather-house1726
weather-box1847
weather-cottage1906
1906 E. V. Lucas Wanderer in London 170 One of the old weather-cottages, with a little man and a little woman to swing in and out and foretell rain and shine.
weather cycle n. a recurring pattern of weather or of some tendency in the weather.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > [noun] > recurring pattern
prime1625
weather cycle1930
1930 Engineering 31 Jan. 148/2 Based upon a weather cycle or period of almost fourteen years.
weather-dog n. [dog n.1 9.] dialect = weather-gall n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > rainbow > [noun] > imperfectly formed
water-gall1573
weather-gall1621
sun dog1635
weather-dog1758
wind-gall1823
wind-dog1860
1758 W. Borlase Nat. Hist. Cornwall 17 There appeared in the North-East the frustum of a large rainbow... They call it here in Cornwall a weather dog,..and pronounce it a certain sign of hard rain.
1865 R. Hunt Pop. Romances W. Eng. (1881) 434 ‘Weather dogs’..are regarded as certain prognostications of showery or stormy weather.
weather-door n. (a) a louver-hole in a church steeple (cf. 1858 at louvre n.1 4a); (b) Mining (see quot.).
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > artefacts > division of building (general) > tower or steeple > [noun] > louver-hole
weather-door1753
the world > matter > gas > air > fresh air > [noun] > supplying fresh air or ventilation > ventilator > louvres
louvre boards1448
louvre1555
weather-door1753
the world > matter > gas > air > fresh air > [noun] > supplying fresh air or ventilation > ventilator > ventilation opening or hole > in a mine
skail-doora1693
bearing door1813
trapdoor1849
skailing1850
weather-door1881
1753 F. Price Series Observ. Cathedral-church Salisbury 40 The upper part of the Spire..just below the weather Door.
1881 Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers 1880–1 9 190 Weather-door, a door in a level to regulate the ventilating current.
† weather-fan n. Obsolete a punkah.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > gas > air > fresh air > [noun] > supplying fresh air or ventilation > fan > punkah
weather-fan1611
fan1696
punkah1790
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Poille,..also, an Vmbrello, or great weather-fanne.
weather-fane n. = fane n.1 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > study or science of weather > meteorological instruments > [noun] > wind-vane or weather-cock
cock?a1300
weathercocka1300
fanec1386
vane1425
fan?a1500
thane1570
weather-flag1611
eagle-cock1694
girella1720
weathervane1721
dogvane1769
weather-fane1773
girouette1822
wind-vane1858
pendant1860
wind-cock1920
1773 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 64 140 The weather-fane which terminates the conductor.
weather-fast adj. secure against the weather.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > [adjective] > weatherproof or resistant
weather-resistant1648
weather-resisting1648
weather-fast1910
weatherized1946
weatherproofed1963
weatherable1972
1910 J. Farnol Broad Highway i. xxiv It was somewhat roughly put together, but still very strong, and seemed, save for the roof, weather-fast.
weather-fence v. (transitive) = weather-fend v.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > refuge or shelter > seek (refuge) [verb (transitive)] > shelter > shelter from weather
fence1577
shelter1590
weather-fenda1616
shade1845
weather-fencea1850
weather-guard1885
a1850 W. L. Bowles Poems, Sylph of Summer 466 Yon eastern downs, That weather-fence the blossoms of the vale.
weather-fish n. = thunder-fish n. (b) at thunder n. Compounds 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > order Salmoniformes (salmon or trout) > superorder Ostariophysi or order Cypriniformes > [noun] > suborder Cyprinoidei > member of family Cobitidae (loach)
loach1357
grundel14..
groundling1601
smerlin1668
ground-gudgeon1867
thunder-fish1882
weather-fish1886
1886 H. G. Seeley Fresh-water Fishes Europe 248 In Germany and Austria it [Misgurnus fossilis] is regarded as a weather prophet, and sometimes is called the Weather-fish, because it usually comes to the surface about twenty-four hours before bad weather, and moves about with unusual energy.
† weather-flag n. Obsolete a vane.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > study or science of weather > meteorological instruments > [noun] > wind-vane or weather-cock
cock?a1300
weathercocka1300
fanec1386
vane1425
fan?a1500
thane1570
weather-flag1611
eagle-cock1694
girella1720
weathervane1721
dogvane1769
weather-fane1773
girouette1822
wind-vane1858
pendant1860
wind-cock1920
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Girouette, a fane, or weather-flag.
weather-gleam n. (also weather-glim) Scottish and northern dialect clear sky near a dark horizon; also, the horizon.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > region of the earth > horizon > [noun]
horizonc1374
horizontal1555
rim1712
weather-gleam1802
skyline1815
sea-horizon1822
verge1822
sea-line1880
sea-rima1881
the world > the universe > sky, heavens > [noun] > unclouded > near dark horizon
weather-gleam1802
1802 J. Sibbald Chron. Sc. Poetry Gloss. Weddir-glim, clear sky, near the horizon; spoken of objects seen in the twilight or dusk; as ‘between him and the wedder-glim’.
1817 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Oct. 84/1 While..the weather-gleam of the eastern hills began to be tinged with the brightening dawn.
1827 W. Tennant Papistry Storm'd 185 Nae cloud owr-head the lift did dim, But i' the wastern weddir-glim A black up-castin'.
weather-god n. a god who presides over the weather.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the supernatural > deity > [noun] > of specific things > of (types of) weather
zephyrOE
wind-god1594
rain god1838
thunder god1841
rain-goddess1854
storm-goddess1869
storm power1869
storm-god1877
bolt-bearer1883
weather-god1905
1905 E. Clodd Animism §11. 58 Indra, the old Vedic weather-god, has been completely elbowed out as an object of worship by special rain-gods.
weather-guard v. (transitive) to guard against bad weather.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > refuge or shelter > seek (refuge) [verb (transitive)] > shelter > shelter from weather
fence1577
shelter1590
weather-fenda1616
shade1845
weather-fencea1850
weather-guard1885
1885 A. H. Buck Ref. Handbk. Med. Sci. I. 338/2 The pioneers attend to this work, trenching the ground, weather-guarding the shelters.
weather-head n. dialect a secondary rainbow.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > rainbow > [noun] > secondary
mock-rainbow1647
secondary bow or rainbow1793
weather-heada1825
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > light > chromatism > [noun] > rainbow > types of
weather-heada1825
horizontal rainbow1906
a1825 R. Forby Vocab. E. Anglia (1830) Weather-head, the secondary rainbow.
1904 E. Rickert Reaper 318 The old folk watched for weatherheads and talked of storms.
weather-hen n. jocular a female weathercock; an inconstant woman.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > decision > irresolution or vacillation > inconstancy > [noun] > inconstant person or thing > inconstant person > inconstant woman
weather-hen1632
1632 T. Heywood 2nd Pt. Iron Age sig. C2 And now faire Troian Weather-hen adew, And when thou next louest, thinke to be more true.
1899 B. Thomas & Granv. Barker (title) The Weather-Hen.
weather-house n. a toy hygroscope in the form of a small house with figures of a man and woman standing in two porches; by the varying torsion of a string the man comes out of his porch in wet weather and the woman out of hers in dry.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > study or science of weather > meteorological instruments > [noun] > hygroscope > in form of toy cottage
baby house1725
weather-house1726
weather-box1847
weather-cottage1906
1726 Post-Man 1–3 Sept. 2/2 (advt.) The Gentlemen, Ladies and Farmers famous new invented Weather Houses.
1785 W. Cowper Task i. 211 Peace to the artist, whose ingenious thought Devis'd the weather-house, that useful toy!
1800 F. Lathom Dash of Day i. i He is always in bed when I am up, and I am always at rest, when he is stirring; our movements put me in mind of the man and woman in the Dutch weather-house.
1915 A. Quiller-Couch Nicky-Nan xiii. 156 A man has no business to stand grimacing in his own doorway..like a figure in a weather-house.
weather-line n. the surface of an embedded timber just above the ground.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > wood > [noun] > building wood > surface of embedded timber
weather-line1830
1830 R. Mudie Pop. Guide Observ. Nature 302 As little was the injury done at the ‘weather-line’, just by the surface of the earth, where the durability of timber is put to the severest test.
weather-maker n. a weather-prophet.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > study or science of weather > [noun] > weather prediction > one who
weather-wizard1596
weather-caster1607
weather-spya1631
weather-monger1656
weather-prophet1866
weather-sharp1884
weather-maker1888
weather-forecaster1900
weather-casterc1904
weather-wise1922
1888 E. Gerard Land beyond Forest II. 30 (note) Instances of weather-makers are also common in Germany.
1891 Pall Mall Gaz. 13 Oct. 7/2 A weather-maker for an almanack got into conversation with a shepherd.
weather-making n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > study or science of weather > [noun] > weather prediction
weather-prophecy1843
forecast1862
weather-cast1866
weather-forecast1883
weather-making1883
weather prediction1909
nowcast1971
1883 J. S. Stallybrass tr. J. Grimm Teutonic Mythol. III. 1152 The gift of prophecy and the art of weather-making.
weatherman n. (a) one who observes the weather; now also spec. one who presents a weather forecast on radio, television, etc.; (b) (frequently with capital initial and in plural) (a member of) a violent revolutionary group in the U.S. (see quot. weather n.); cf. Weather Underground n. below.
Π
1545 R. Ascham Toxophilus ii. f. 34 Therefore in shootynge there is as muche difference betwixt an archer that is a good wether man, and an other that knoweth and marketh nothynge, as is betwixte a blynde man, and he that can se.
1901 Daily Colonist (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 23 Oct. 5/2 The ‘hot wave’, as the weather man calls it, was general along the coast and extended some way east.
1944 Sun (Baltimore) 15 Nov. 11/2 Nobody ever gets anywhere telling the weatherman how to behave.
1952 W. Stevens Let. 26 June (1967) 757 It did not go below 85° in N.Y. last night according to the weather man.
1970 Guardian 28 Oct. 13/3 The Weathermen have been in existence for just over a year, since the SDS [sc. Students for a Democratic Society] split of June, 1969... The Weathermen got their name from a line in a Bob Dylan song: ‘You don't need a weatherman to know which way the wind blows.’
1971 Times 15 Jan. 12/6 Could this country have acquired an Anglicized offshoot of the American Weatherman—or Weathermen as these violent urban guerillas are less accurately but probably more widely known?
1979 R. Perry Bishop's Pawn i. 23 The West was agreed that the IRA, the Weathermen, the Red Army Faction..were composed of criminals, terrorists and murderers.
1983 Listener 14 July 17/3 We asked the weatherman, Jack Scott, to demonstrate some of those extraordinary regional variations for us.
weather modification n. the deliberate alteration of the weather in an area.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > [noun] > change or variation of weather > deliberate
weather modification1951
1951 U.S. Congr. Senate Committee Interior Hearings Apr. 152 Weather modification on a small scale, such as protection against frost..is known to be possible.
1968 Times 1 Nov. 6/6 Russian research on methods of reducing damage to crops by hailstorms is being examined seriously in the United States, according to a National Science Foundation report on last year's activities in weather modification.
1977 Time (Europe ed.) 7 Mar. 55/1 The Governors also agreed to create a task force that could channel such requests for aid and coordinate weather-modification (cloud seeding) programs.
weather-monger n. a weather-prophet.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > study or science of weather > [noun] > weather prediction > one who
weather-wizard1596
weather-caster1607
weather-spya1631
weather-monger1656
weather-prophet1866
weather-sharp1884
weather-maker1888
weather-forecaster1900
weather-casterc1904
weather-wise1922
1656 New Alamanack (ed. 2) 3 If the weather-mongers rule hold true.
1911 J. G. Frazer Golden Bough: Magic Art (ed. 3) I. iv. 227 Wizards, doctors, weather-mongers, prophets.
weather-moulding n. Architecture a dripstone.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > architectural ornament > [noun] > moulding > drip-moulding
head moulding1806
label1811
label moulding1811
dripstone1815
head mould1827
label mould1837
weather-moulding1841
hood-mould1849
drip-moulding1851
hood-moulding1867
1841 Few Words to Churchwardens i. (Cambr. Camden Soc.) 10 You may see what is called the weather-moulding of the old roof remaining.
a1878 G. G. Scott Lect. Mediæval Archit. (1879) I. 165 A hollow projecting moulding containing the foliage, capped by a weather moulding.
weather plane n. an aeroplane designed to collect data on weather conditions at high altitudes.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > aeroplane > [noun] > aircraft for other specific uses
ambulance aeroplane1915
ambulance airplane1918
ambulance plane1918
air ambulance1920
firebomber1938
crop-duster1939
grasshopper1939
water bomber1956
weather plane1962
bird dog1965
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > study or science of weather > meteorological instruments > [noun] > carrier for or with instruments > others
weather ship1946
probe1953
weather satellite1960
weather plane1962
1962 Listener 18 Oct. 632/2 The ‘Coliseum of cloud’ that a weatherplane captured for us.
1976 Evening Post (Nottingham) 13 Dec. 7/2 Experts..identified it as a crashed weather plane which sends wind and temperature conditions from a height of 90,000 feet.
† weather-plate n. Obsolete a plate marked with a scale for indicating the height of the mercury in a barometer.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > study or science of weather > meteorological instruments > [noun] > barometer > parts of
mercury1660
receiver1682
register plate1688
weather-plate1698
cistern1702
stagnum1705
1698 W. Derham in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 20 4 The Weather-plates are to be put upon the Frame [of a portable barometer], by setting them to the same height, at which the Mercury stands in a common Barometer.
† weather-prophecy n. Obsolete the foretelling of the weather.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > study or science of weather > [noun] > weather prediction
weather-prophecy1843
forecast1862
weather-cast1866
weather-forecast1883
weather-making1883
weather prediction1909
nowcast1971
1843 J. S. Mill Syst. Logic I. iii. iv. 389 The reliance on astrology, or on the weather~prophecies in almanacs.
weather-prophet n. one who foretells the weather; one who is weather-wise; also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > study or science of weather > [noun] > weather prediction > one who
weather-wizard1596
weather-caster1607
weather-spya1631
weather-monger1656
weather-prophet1866
weather-sharp1884
weather-maker1888
weather-forecaster1900
weather-casterc1904
weather-wise1922
1866 A. Steinmetz Weathercasts 7 The most successful weather-prophet of modern times,..the late lamented Admiral Fitzroy.
1884 S. E. Dawson Handbk. Canada 4 The metaphors of political weather-prophets.
weather radar n. radar used for meteorological investigations (e.g. of rain).
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > study or science of weather > meteorological instruments > [noun] > using radar or sonar
weather radar1946
radar sonde1949
sodar1955
1946 1st Technical Rep. Weather Radar Research (Mass. Inst. Technol. Dept. Meteorol.) (AD 54113) 3 (heading) Weather-radar observations at M.I.T.'s Radiation Laboratory.
1979 Atmosphere-Ocean XVII. 78 The radar data were obtained from the McGill Weather Radar located just outside Montreal.
† weather-rope n. Obsolete (see quot.).
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > ropes or chains other than rigging or cable > [noun] > rope collective or as material > tarred
weather-rope1867
1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Weather-ropes, an early term for those which were tarred.
weather satellite n. a satellite especially equipped to observe weather conditions and to provide meteorological information.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > spacecraft > [noun] > satellite > used for specific purpose
biosatellite1957
balloon satellite1958
navigation satellite1960
weather satellite1960
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > study or science of weather > meteorological instruments > [noun] > carrier for or with instruments > others
weather ship1946
probe1953
weather satellite1960
weather plane1962
1960 Aeroplane 99 90/2 After taking 22,952 photographs of the Earth's cloud cover, Tiros I, the World's first weather satellite, has ended its useful life..after the satellite's electronics had suffered a failure.
1976 L. Deighton Twinkle, twinkle, Little Spy xi. 115 His factories make complicated junk for communications satellites... And there are weather satellites too.
weather-sharp n. U.S. colloquial a weather-prophet; an official meteorologist ( Cent. Dict. Suppl. 1909).
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > study or science of weather > [noun] > weather prediction > one who
weather-wizard1596
weather-caster1607
weather-spya1631
weather-monger1656
weather-prophet1866
weather-sharp1884
weather-maker1888
weather-forecaster1900
weather-casterc1904
weather-wise1922
1884 Graphic 13 Dec. 610/3 The New York ‘weathersharps’, who have to their westward some three thousand miles of land studded with signal stations.
weather ship n. a ship serving as a weather station.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessels with other specific uses > [noun] > weather station
weather ship1946
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > study or science of weather > meteorological instruments > [noun] > carrier for or with instruments > others
weather ship1946
probe1953
weather satellite1960
weather plane1962
1946 Shell Aviation News No. 100. 6/3 A proposal by the Search and Rescue Committee that weather ships should be maintained in the North Atlantic for meteorological observations.
1978 Nature 1 June 407/1 Following the withdrawal of US weatherships in 1973, it is the only regularly reporting deep ocean (3,000 m) station in the North Atlantic north of the tropics and south of 50° N.
weather-sick adj. sick of, suffering from, the weather.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > [adjective] > in state of ill health or diseased > ill because of the weather
weather-sick1757
the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > [adjective] > by weather
weather-sick1757
1757 Dyer in J. Duncombe Lett. Several Eminent Persons Deceased (1773) III. 62 I think I never was so weather-sick; the deep snows forbid me air and exercise.
1892 G. Meredith Ode to Comic Spirit in Poems (1898) II. 222 A statue losing feature, weather-sick.
weather-sign n. a phenomenon that indicates change of weather; also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > study or science of weather > [noun] > weather prediction > phenomenon indicating coming weather
portent1725
weather-sign1856
1856 E. B. Browning Aurora Leigh ii. 68 I can tell The weather-signs of love—you love this man.
1915 19th Cent. Jan. 190 His prophecies [about India] are perpetual, and he read the weather-signs at a glance.
† weather-skirt n. U.S. Obsolete = safeguard n. 7.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for body or trunk (and limbs) > [noun] > clothing for lower body > skirt > types of > outer skirt > for protection when riding
kirtlec995
safeguard1578
seggard1746
weather-skirt1903
1903 A. M. Earle Two Cent. Costume Amer. II. 617 Another name for a safeguard was a weather-skirt.
weather-slated adj. (cf. weather-tiled adj.).
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > roof > [adjective] > type of roof
thatched1467
side?a1475
thacked1530
vaulted1552
shingleda1563
slated1611
unshingled1611
high-pitch1614
slate-pointed1648
killesed1649
hipped1663
pantiledc1672
overpitched1677
underpitched1677
low-pitcheda1684
pitched1773
theeked1792
peaked1797
shingle1810
thackless1810
choppered1818
wagon-headed1823
unlathed1854
break-back1856
shingly1857
saddleback1861
scaled1862
gambrelled1863
thatchy1864
weather-slated1870
thatchless1882
weather-tiled1887
monopitch1941
tile-roofed1962
1870 London Society Sept. 266 A..house, weather-slated from top to bottom.
weather-slating n. (cf. weather-tiling n.).
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > surfacing or cladding > [noun] > cladding with tiles or slates
weather-tiling1703
weather-slating1859
1859 J. M. Jephson & L. Reeve Narr. Walking Tour Brittany xvi. 269 Buildings of lath and plaster, covered on the most exposed parts with weather-slating.
† weather-spar n. Obsolete = weatherboard n. 2.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > wall of building > [noun] > structures for throwing off rainwater
water board1372
water table1428
water tabling1520
weatherboard1568
weather-spar1632
throat1736
weathering1739
creasing1823
weather-table1839
dashboard1881
watershed1886
waterboarding1927
1632–3 in R. Willis & J. W. Clark Archit. Hist. Univ. Cambr. (1886) II. 698 The Windowes in ye Roofe, to be of good Oake Timber, with Wether sparrs handsomely wrought.
† weather-spy n. Obsolete a weather-prophet.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > study or science of weather > [noun] > weather prediction > one who
weather-wizard1596
weather-caster1607
weather-spya1631
weather-monger1656
weather-prophet1866
weather-sharp1884
weather-maker1888
weather-forecaster1900
weather-casterc1904
weather-wise1922
a1631 J. Donne Poems (1633) 327 And sooner may a gulling weather Spie By drawing forth heavens Sceanes tell certainly [etc.].
weather station n. a meteorological observation post.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > study or science of weather > [noun] > observation post
weather station1895
1895 I. K. Funk et al. Standard Dict. Eng. Lang. II. Weather station.
1953 Encounter Nov. 7/1 Japan gets its weather from China, but no weather reports—at least not until the Japanese experts again manage to break the code of the Chinese weather-stations.
1981 ‘E. Lathen’ Going for Gold vii. 87 I was on to the weather station... The forecasters are talking about the blizzard of the century.
† weather-stone n. Obsolete a kind of stone classed according to its imperviousness to weather.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > stone or rock > [noun] > other stone used in industry or construction
ragsa1350
ragstone?c1425
touchstone1482
hardstone1549
tarso1662
weather-stone1686
rumlar1829
ballast1839
bluestone1849
workstone1906
1686 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Staffs. iv. 168 It being all of it good weatherstone, but not enduring the fire.
weather-strip n. originally U.S. a strip of wood or rubber applied to a crevice in order to exclude rain and cold (Webster 1864); hence as v. transitive, to apply a weather-strip to ( Cent. Dict. 1891).
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > [noun] > water- or air-pressure-tight closure > waterproof or waterproofing material
weather-strip1847
weatherproof1876
waterproofing1897
moisture-proofing1922
weather-stripping1942
1847 Ann. Rep. Commissioner Patents 1846 94 in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (29th Congr., 2nd Sess.: House of Representatives Executive Doc. 52) III One patent has been granted for improvement in fences, and another for a weather strip for doors.
1921 Daily Colonist (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 25 Oct. 6/6 (advt.) Weather Strip—‘Stormproof’, 24 feet in box.
1970 K. Ball Fiat 600, 600D Autobook xii. 143/2 The front windscreen and rear window are secured in place by a special weatherstrip.
1985 Times 19 July 13/4 In windy winter conditions the windloading presses the door up against the weatherstrip.
weather-stripped adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > [adjective] > stopping up or blocking > without leak or tight > specific
watertight1489
wind-tight1507
wind and water tighta1550
weatherproof1647
weather-tight1648
wind-fast1648
airtight1728
steam-tight1765
waterproofed1813
gas-tight1819
acid-proof1844
gas-proof1846
oil-tight1847
mudproof1897
pressure-tight1899
draught-proof1908
weather-stripped1908
spill-proof1920
vacuum-tight1927
splash-proof1929
vapour-proof1946
1908 I. N. Stevens Liberators 8 The wind that shook the windows, weather~stripped as they were, crept into the room.
1945 G. Nelson & H. N. Wright Tomorrow's House xiii. 147/2 A heavy flush door, weather-stripped,..would..reduce the direct transmission of sound.
weather-stripping n. material used to weather-strip a door, window, etc.; the process of applying this.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > [noun] > water- or air-pressure-tight closure > waterproof or waterproofing material
weather-strip1847
weatherproof1876
waterproofing1897
moisture-proofing1922
weather-stripping1942
1942 Archit. Rev. 91 99/3 The windows are pine with aluminium weatherstripping.
1959 ‘S. Ransome’ I'll die for You xii. 144 A part of the weather stripping was loose, and in a heavy rain it leaked.
1975 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 14 Nov. 2/5 As for weather~stripping, Mrs. Macdonald said their house doesn't need it because of extra insulation and double windows.
weather-table n. Architecture = water table n. 1.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > wall of building > [noun] > structures for throwing off rainwater
water board1372
water table1428
water tabling1520
weatherboard1568
weather-spar1632
throat1736
weathering1739
creasing1823
weather-table1839
dashboard1881
watershed1886
waterboarding1927
1839 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 2 361/2 A weather fillet, or weather table, which projects half an inch from the general face of the window.
1906 Antiquary Jan. 7/2 A weather-table on the north wall.
weather-tile n. a kind of tile used instead of weather-board to cover a wall.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > clay compositions > baked clay > tile > [noun] > for walls or decorative
wall-tile1358
galley-tile1610
azulejo1845
weather-tile1875
1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 2568/2 Siding-tiles are sometimes called weather-tiles.
weather-tiled adj. covered with overlapping tiles.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > roof > [adjective] > type of roof
thatched1467
side?a1475
thacked1530
vaulted1552
shingleda1563
slated1611
unshingled1611
high-pitch1614
slate-pointed1648
killesed1649
hipped1663
pantiledc1672
overpitched1677
underpitched1677
low-pitcheda1684
pitched1773
theeked1792
peaked1797
shingle1810
thackless1810
choppered1818
wagon-headed1823
unlathed1854
break-back1856
shingly1857
saddleback1861
scaled1862
gambrelled1863
thatchy1864
weather-slated1870
thatchless1882
weather-tiled1887
monopitch1941
tile-roofed1962
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > clay compositions > baked clay > tile > [adjective] > consisting of or covered with > of specific type
pantiledc1672
weather-tiled1887
quarry-tiled1914
1887 J. J. Hissey Holiday on Road 230 A somewhat quaint little inn, having a weather-tiled upper story.
1904 A. C. Benson House of Quiet iv One wing is weather-tiled.
weather-tiling n. the process or result of covering a wall with tiles.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > surfacing or cladding > [noun] > cladding with tiles or slates
weather-tiling1703
weather-slating1859
1703 R. Neve City & Countrey Purchaser 286 Weather-tyling..Is the Tyling, (or Covering with Tyles) the upright Sides of Houses.
1833 J. C. Loudon Encycl. Cottage Archit. §438 The weather-boarding may be covered..with what is called weather-tiling.
weather-tree n. the white poplar, Populus alba.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > tree or shrub groups > poplars and allies > [noun]
popple1229
popple-tree1229
abele?a1300
poplar1371
black poplar1542
white poplar1542
poppling1570
cotton tree1633
tacamahac1739
Lombardy poplar1766
poplar pine1770
Po poplar1776
grey poplar1782
cottonwood1787
pine poplar1789
liard1809
white-backa1825
necklace poplar1845
silver poplar1847
weather-tree1847
hackmatack1873
bitter-weed1878
balsam-poplar1884
Russian poplar1884
Lombardy1917
1847 C. A. Johns Forest Trees Great Brit. I. 357 (note) I think there will be rain,..for the weather tree is shewing its white lining.
Weather Underground n. the revolutionary organization formed by the Weathermen (see weatherman n. 2).
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > politics > American politics > [noun] > political associations or societies
moral majority1815
patron1870
Tammany tiger1871
grange1875
Silver Shirts1934
Bund1939
SDS1961
Weather Underground1972
1972 National Observer (U.S.) 27 May 10/2 The..‘Weather Underground’, which boasts that it is responsible for so many of these bombings, is down to only 15 or 20 members now, according to sources in the House Internal Security Committee.
1982 H. Kissinger Years of Upheaval iv. 89 The terrorism of the Weather Underground.
weathervane n. = vane n. 1; also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > study or science of weather > meteorological instruments > [noun] > wind-vane or weather-cock
cock?a1300
weathercocka1300
fanec1386
vane1425
fan?a1500
thane1570
weather-flag1611
eagle-cock1694
girella1720
weathervane1721
dogvane1769
weather-fane1773
girouette1822
wind-vane1858
pendant1860
wind-cock1920
the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prediction, foretelling > [noun] > something enabling prediction
weather-glass1654
weathervane1896
1721 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. Weather-vane.
1866 J. S. Le Fanu All in Dark x The pointed gables, with stone cornices and glittering weather-vane on the summit.
1896 Tablet 1 Feb. 167 The Pall Mall Gazette even prefers to regard him as a Royal weather-vane.
weather-wall n. a wall serving as a shield from the weather.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > refuge or shelter > [noun] > shelter > a shelter > against weather or storms > others
windscreen1671
paragrêle1830
weather-wall1838
paragrandine1842
ombrifuge1869
snow-hole1880
wind-break1894
storm-flap1929
trog1958
1838 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 1 235/1 A weather wall in the centre will run the whole length [of the pier].
weather-warning n. (see quot.).
ΚΠ
1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Weather-warning, the telegraphic cautionary warning given by hoisting the storm-drum on receiving the forecast.
weather window n. Oil Industry a brief interval in the year when the weather is calm enough to allow construction, loading, etc., operations to be carried out at sea.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > fine weather > [noun] > short spell of
flaw1892
weather window1974
1974 Petroleum Rev. 28 787/1 The weather-window is normally reckoned to last into September.
1983 Sunday Times 6 Mar. 69/4 It's been said that Esso's development of artificial islands has not merely opened the weather window further but ripped it off its hinges.
weather-wiseacre n. one who professes to be weather-wise.Apparently an isolated use.
ΚΠ
1807 Salmagundi 18 Apr. 143 This is the universal remark among the..weather wiseacres of the day.
† weather-wizard n. Obsolete a weather-prophet.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > study or science of weather > [noun] > weather prediction > one who
weather-wizard1596
weather-caster1607
weather-spya1631
weather-monger1656
weather-prophet1866
weather-sharp1884
weather-maker1888
weather-forecaster1900
weather-casterc1904
weather-wise1922
1596 T. Nashe Haue with you to Saffron-Walden Ep. Ded. sig. B3v False Prophets, Weather-wizards, Fortune tellers.
1652 J. Gaule Πυς-μαντια 23 Weather-wizzards, Planet Prognosticators, and Fortune Spellers.
weather woman n. (a) (with capital initial) a female member of the revolutionary Weatherman organization; (b) a woman who presents a weather forecast on radio or television.
Π
1971 Times 15 Jan. 12/7 Only one unconnected Weatherwoman has since been traced.
1973 Daily Tel. 14 Dec. 3/3 BBC Television is to have its first weather woman. She is Miss Barbara Edwards,..who at present reads weather forecasts on radio.
1982 Times 28 May 9/3 Diana Arp..was from a very wealthy family and became a Weather woman, making bombs.
† weather-works n. Obsolete devices to protect a ship from rough weather.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > other equipment of vessel > [noun] > devices to protect ship from weather
weather-works1776
housing1819
1776 J. Cook Jrnl. 16 Aug. (1967) III. i. 14 The Caulkers were set to work..to caulk the Decks and inside Weather works of the Ship.
C3. Nautical. Used attributively or as an adjective with the sense: Situated on the side which is turned towards the wind; having a direction towards the wind; windward; opposed to.
a.
weather-anchor n.
ΚΠ
1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Weather-anchor, that lying to windward, by which a ship rides when moored.
weather-beam n. [beam n.1 17]
ΚΠ
1790 R. Beatson Naval & Mil. Mem. II. 140 Two sail..gave us chase and..kept on our weather-beams till morning.
1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Weather-beam, a direction at right angles with the keel, on the weather side of the ship.
weather-bowline n.
ΚΠ
1669 S. Sturmy Mariners Mag. i. 18 Set in the Lee-Braces, and hawl forward by the Weather Bowlines.
weather-brace n.
ΚΠ
1669 S. Sturmy Mariners Mag. i. 17 Let go the..Lee-Braces;..set in your Weather Braces.
1762 W. Falconer Shipwreck ii. 24 The sheet and weather-brace they now stand by.
1836 F. Marryat Mr. Midshipman Easy II. x. 287 ‘A small pull of that weather main-top-gallant brace—that will do,’ said the master.
weather-division n.
ΚΠ
1920 Discovery Nov. 329/2 Nelson had intended his weather division to be in line ahead.
weather-earing n.
ΚΠ
1840 R. H. Dana Two Years before Mast iv. 32 The first [sailor] on the yard goes to the weather earing, the second to the lee, and the next two to the ‘dog's ears’.
weather-gangway n.
ΚΠ
1834 F. Marryat Peter Simple I. xiii. 178 Walk this boy up and down the weather gangway.
weather-gun n.
ΚΠ
1759 Ann. Reg. 1758 120 We..run our weather-guns out.
weather-leech n.
ΚΠ
1836 F. Marryat Mr. Midshipman Easy II. x. 289 The Aurora dashed through at the rate of eight miles an hour, with her weather leeches lifting.
1899 F. T. Bullen Log of Sea-waif 279 The weather-leech of the lower stun' sails began to flap.
Categories »
weather-lift n.
weather-lurch n.
ΚΠ
1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Weather-lurch, a heavy roll to windward.
weather-port n.
ΚΠ
1809 Sporting Mag. 33 127 A great sea poured through one of the weather-ports.
weather-quarter n.
ΚΠ
1626 J. Smith Accidence Young Sea-men 19 Boord him on his wether quarter.
1743 J. Bulkeley & J. Cummins Voy. to South-seas 9 The Commodore being on the Weather-Quarter, bore down under our Lee, and spoke with us.
1836 M. Scott Cruise of Midge i. 12 The felucca was now within long pistol-shot of our weather-quarter.
weather-rail n.
ΚΠ
1888 E. J. Mather Nor'ard of Dogger 352 We had to hang on the weather-rail, the seas rolling along like mountains.
weather-roll n.
ΚΠ
1815 W. Burney Falconer's New Universal Dict. Marine (rev. ed.) Weather-rolls, those inclinations which a ship makes to windward in a heavy sea.
weather-sheet n.
ΚΠ
1644 H. Mainwaring Sea-mans Dict. 76 If the weather-sheate be as farre as the Bulk~head.
1851 H. Melville Moby-Dick xiii. 67 The prodigious strain upon the main-sail had parted the weather-sheet.
weather-shore n.
ΚΠ
1626 J. Smith Accidence Young Sea-men 30 Come to an Anchor vnder the Ley of the weather shore.
1697 J. Puckle New Dial. 16 A North-West Wind..makes Holland a Lee and England a Weather Shore.
weather-shrowd n.
ΚΠ
1644 H. Mainwaring Sea-mans Dict. 32 Then cutting the weather shrowdes, the mast will instantly and without danger fall over boord.
weather-spoke n.
ΚΠ
1849 G. Cupples Green Hand iii, in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Aug. 196/1 I looked to the wheel..as he coolly gave her half a weather-spoke more.
weather-tack n.
ΚΠ
1883 Man. Seamanship for Boys' Training Ships Royal Navy 56 Haul on the weather-tack and lee-sheet.
weather-tide n.
ΚΠ
1815 W. Burney Falconer's New Universal Dict. Marine (rev. ed.) Weather-tide, denotes that which, by setting against a ship's lee-side, while under sail, forces her up to windward.
weather-topping-lift n.
ΚΠ
1883 Man. Seamanship for Boys' Training Ships Royal Navy 163 The fiddle-block is hooked to the weather-topping lift.
weather-wheel n.
ΚΠ
1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Weather-wheel, the position of the man who steers a large ship, from his standing on the weather-side of the wheel.
b.
(to the) weatherward adv.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > direction > [adverb] > to or towards some thing or place > to or towards wind direction
to the windc1330
to (the) windwardc1550
with the wind1577
in the wind1580
to the weatherward1589
up (the) wind1611
down (the) winda1616
windward1690
weatherly1708
up-wind1838
into the wind1918
1589 Voy. W. Towrson in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations i. 127 At night the Minion, and the pinnesse came vp to vs, but could not fetch so farre to the weatherward as we, and therefore they ankered about a league a wether the castle.
c.
weather-bow v.
ΚΠ
1840 R. H. Dana Two Years before Mast xxxvi. 455 We made but little by weather-bowing the tide.
C4.
weather-bow n. the bow that is turned towards the wind; hence as v. transitive, to turn the weather-bow to.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > use of wind > get into the current of the wind [verb (transitive)] > turn weather bow to
weather-bow1626
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > body of vessel > fore part of vessel > [noun] > turned towards wind
weather-bow1626
1626 J. Smith Accidence Young Sea-men 18 On the weather bow.
1851 H. Melville Moby-Dick xvi. 80 Take a peep over the weather-bow..and tell me what ye see there.
weather-deck n. [compare German wetterdeck] a deck exposed to the weather; the uppermost unprotected deck other than the forecastle, bridge and poop.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > part of vessel above water > [noun] > deck > upper deck
weather-deck1850
tonnage-deck1888
upper1938
1850 Rep. Committee in G. Moorsom Admeas. Tonnage (1853) 167 The Depth in Midships from the Underside of the Weather Deck to the Ceiling at the Limber Strake.
1906 E. L. Attwood War-ships 46 Wood is now only used for weather decks [etc.].
1908 H. Paasch From Keel to Truck (ed. 4) 75 Weather-deck, Term given to an upper deck on account of its exposure to the sun, rain and wind.
1973 H. Gruppe Truxton Cipher (1974) xiii. 135 Tolley..disappeared down the weather-deck ladder.
weather-dodger n. slang a screen on the bridge of a ship, affording protection from the weather.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > other equipment of vessel > [noun] > devices to protect ship from weather > screen to protect from spray, etc.
dodger1898
weather-screen1914
weather-dodger1924
1924 R. Clements Gipsy of Horn v. 84 One was..in comparative comfort under the lee of the weather-dodger.
weather-gauge n. (also weather-gage) (see gauge n. 5); hence as v. transitive, to keep the weather-gauge of.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > use of wind > [noun] > weather-gauge
gauge1591
wind-gauge1652
weather-gauge1892
society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > use of wind > get into the current of the wind [verb (transitive)] > get or keep weather gauge of
to have the weather of1526
to gain, get, or take the wind of1563
get1600
to give, have the wind of1600
to recover the wind of1604
weather-gauge1892
1892 Field 2 July 30/3 Daffodil..was sufficiently far to windward to weather-gauge her.
weather-helm n. a tendency in a ship under sail to come too near the wind, requiring the tiller to be kept constantly a little to windward.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > action or motion of vessel > [noun] > ability to answer helm > tendency to go off course
sag1589
weather-helm1691
griping1769
slackness1877
lee-helm1883
weathercocking1952
1691 W. Petty Treat. Naval Philos. in T. Hale Acct. New Inventions 126 Weather, or Leeward Helm..may be fitted to promote or hinder the Sailing upon occasion.
1882 G. S. Nares Seamanship (ed. 6) 190 A screw ship carries more weather helm than a sailing ship.
weather-mark n. Sailing a mark on a racing course towards which boats sail into the wind.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > racing or race > boat racing or race > [noun] > course > mark on course
flag-boat1815
ryepeck1834
stake-boat1839
weather-mark1894
turn-boat1896
turn-mark1896
1894 Outing 24 36/2 The ‘Una’ turned the weather-mark with a lead of nearly half an hour.
1963 Times 8 June 5/1 By the weather mark Andromeda was in front.

Draft additions June 2016

weather forecasting n.
ΚΠ
1863 Amer. Ann. Cycl. 1862 2 576/1 The basis of the supposed newly-developed system of weather forecasting and warnings.
1945 Times 3 Aug. 5/6 Success in weather forecasting depends on adequate scientific observations and an adequate staff of zealous workers.
2012 N. Silver Signal & Noise Notes 473 Weather forecasting is a 24/7 business.

Draft additions June 2015

weather bomb n. a rapidly developing severe storm; (now) spec. one in which barometric pressure at the centre of the storm drops by at least 24 millibars over a 24-hour period at or north of 60˚ latitude.The drop in pressure at which a barometric depression is taken to constitute a weather bomb increases with latitude.
ΚΠ
1948 Norwalk (Ohio) Reflector-Herald 11 Mar. 1/7 Nature flipped a weather bomb at Ohio today, catching the state unprepared for the worst snowstorm of the year.
1986 Sci. News 129 316/3 In this positive feedback process, the storm rapidly intensifies into a weather bomb.
2014 Daily Star (Nexis) 23 Dec. 4 Boxing Day will be a winter washout with a weather bomb on the way.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1926; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

weatherv.

Brit. /ˈwɛðə/, U.S. /ˈwɛðər/
Forms: Middle English wederyn, Middle English–1600s wether, 1500s– weather.
Etymology: < weather n.Old English had wedrian , widrian , wuderian , gewiderian , to be (good or bad) weather = Old Norse viðra : see weathering n. 1. Compare Middle High German weteren (modern German wettern ), to subject to wind and sun (= sense 1 below), witeren (modern German wittern ) to storm, etc.; also wither v.2
1. transitive. To subject to the beneficial action of the wind and sun; to air.
a. Hawking (see quot. 1856). Also reflexive and intransitive in passive sense.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > hunting > hawking > [verb (transitive)] > weather
weather14..
14.. in Harting Perfect Bk. Kepinge Sparhawkes (1886) Introd. p. ix For wetheringe yor hauke offer yor hauke water.
1575 G. Turberville Bk. Faulconrie 134 When you haue kept hir two houres vpon the fist, then set hir in the Sunne to weather hir halfe an houre.
c1575 Perfect Bk. Kepinge Sparhawkes (1886) 11 Set her to wether fastinge a longe tyme.
c1575 Perfect Bk. Kepinge Sparhawkes (1886) 14 In myste they will neuer wether, nor flye well.
1615 G. Markham Countrey Contentments i. vii. 88 Then he shall bee sure to weather his Hawke abroad euery euening except on her bathing daies.
1773 J. Campbell Treat. Mod. Faulconry 191 Of Bathing and Weathering Hawks.
1856 ‘Stonehenge’ Man. Brit. Rural Sports i. iv. §5. 223/2 Hawks must also be weathered; that is to say, they should be put out on perches..in the open air, and then left..for many hours a-day, but not in the rain.
in extended use.1590 E. Spenser Muiopotmos 184 And then he [the butterfly] pearcheth on some braunch thereby, To weather him, and his moyst wings to dry.1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene v. iv. sig. P6v Like to an Eagle..Soring through his wide Empire of the aire, To weather his brode sailes. View more context for this quotation
b. To air (linen, etc.); to dry thoroughly (a harvested crop).
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > liquid > dryness > dry [verb (transitive)] > thoroughly
weatherc1440
thorough-dry?1574
the world > matter > gas > air > fresh air > freshen (air) [verb (transitive)] > expose to fresh air
weatherc1440
air1530
wither1544
ventilate1756
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 519/2 Wederyn, or leyn or hangyn yn the wedyr, auro.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 780/2 I wether a thyng, I lay it abrode in open ayre. Je ayre... It shall be well done to weather your garmentes in Marche for feare of mothes.
a1569 A. Kingsmill Viewe Mans Estate (1574) xii. sig. F vj b They may not flourish long: Euen as herbes that growe in the shadowe, neuer well weathered with the warme sunne.
1580 T. Tusser Fiue Hundred Pointes Good Husbandrie (new ed.) f. 53 Maides, mustard seede gather, for being too ripe, and weather it well.
1844 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 5 i. 269 After reaping..the produce of the several plots was well weathered, and then thrashed.
1847 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words II Weather, to dry clothes in the open air.
1892 P. H. Emerson Son of Fens xvii. 173 ‘Well, the stuff [cut reeds] is rather heava, ain't it?’ ‘It want to be weathered, bor.’
c. To expose (land, clay for brick- or tile-making) to the pulverizing action of the elements.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with clay > work with clay [verb (transitive)] > specific processes
weather1548
wedge1686
tamper1766
puddle1774
pug1843
size1889
1548 [implied in: H. Latimer Notable Serm. sig. B.iiiv And I feare me thys lande is not yet rype to be ploughed. For as the saiyng is, It lacketh wethering: This gete lacketh wetheryng, at leaste way it is not for me to plough. (at weathering n. 3b)].
1865 Daily Tel. 3 Nov. 5/4 The clay bank, where the raw material is stored and ‘weathered’.
2. To change by exposure to the weather.
a. transitive. To wear away, disintegrate, or discolour by atmospheric action. Const. into, to a specified form or condition. Chiefly in passive. Also with away. Also, to produce as an incrustation on a surface by the action of the weather. Spec. in Geology.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > condition of matter > bad condition of matter > cause bad condition in [verb (transitive)] > cause to waste away > wear away or down > by weather
weather1757
1757 tr. J. F. Henckel Pyritologia v. 61 This leady clay..derived from a lead-ore, weathered and reduced to earth.
1757 tr. J. F. Henckel Pyritologia v. 87 On this sinter..we find glitter, iron and copper pyrites, not conveyed by streams of water, nor agglutinated, but weathered thereon, or produced by weather or damps.
1789 J. Williams Nat. Hist. Mineral Kingdom I. 420 This weathered or dissolved copper is found in many places in the state of an ochre or of a loose powder.
1833 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. III. 210 The face of the limestone is hollowed out and weathered into such forms as are seen in the calcareous cliffs of the adjoining coast.
1867 H. Macmillan Bible Teachings (1870) xiii. 267 The rain-cloud hangs low..overhead; the smoke hovers around; and they weather the finest sculptured surface.
1878 D. T. Ansted Water & Water Supply 89 It [sc. percolation] acts also very powerfully in weathering the rocks through which the water passes.
1918 H. Balfour in Man XVIII. 147 The nose either was not represented or has been weathered away.
b. intransitive. To become worn, disintegrated, or discoloured under atmospheric influences. Const. into, to a specified condition. to weather out: to become prominent or isolated by the decay or disintegration of the surrounding rock.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > condition of matter > bad condition of matter > deteriorate in condition [verb (intransitive)] > waste away > wear > wear by weather
weather1789
wither1794
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > formation of features > erosion or weathering > erode [verb (intransitive)]
erode1863
to weather out1885
1789 J. Williams Nat. Hist. Mineral Kingdom II. 20 The grey granite begins to weather or decompose.
1839 R. I. Murchison Silurian Syst. i. xxxiii. 441 The lower shale is here clearly seen beneath the limestone, and weathers to the same light ashen colour as in Salop.
1862 D. T. Ansted & R. G. Latham Channel Islands i. i. 7 Hard crystalline rock, decomposing or weathering by the constant action of the sea and weather.
1883 J. Ruskin Fors Clavigera xcii. 207 The dark rock weathers easily into surface soil.
1885 J. W. Dawson Egypt & Syria v. 112 The pillar~like masses of salt that weather out of the salt cliff of Jebel Usdum.
1914 Moir in Man XIV. 179 Those fragments of flint would in time, by thermal effects, ‘weather out’ and leave a clean-cut groove behind.
c. In passive, esp. of a crop: To be deteriorated by too long exposure to bad weather.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > condition of matter > bad condition of matter > deteriorate in condition [verb (intransitive)] > by exposure to atmosphere
give1546
weather1821
wind1842
1821 J. Clare Village Minstrel I. 74 With feet nigh shoeless..And napless beaver, weather'd brown.
1875 R. Hunt & F. W. Rudler Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 7) III. 185 All barleys that have been weathered in the field..should be rigidly rejected [for malting].
d. intransitive. To wear (well or ill) under atmospheric influences.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > preservation from injury or destruction > preserve from injury or destruction [verb (intransitive)] > remain in good condition > remain in good or bad condition
weather1883
mummify1888
1883 R. Haldane Workshop Receipts 2nd Ser. 436/2 For outside work, boiled oil is used, because it weathers better than raw oil.
3. Nautical.
a. transitive. To sail to the windward of (a point or headland, another ship, etc.).
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > use of wind > get into the current of the wind [verb (transitive)] > sail to windward of
surmounta1533
weatherc1595
c1595 Capt. Wyatt in G. F. Warner Voy. R. Dudley to W. Indies (1899) 18 Our carvell plyinge up into the winde weathered the saile which came from the shore.
1608 W. Hawkins in Hawkins' Voy. (1878) 383 We lay close E.S.E. with a S.W. wynd, seeking to wether Socotora but could not.
1627 J. Smith Sea Gram. xii. 57 You cannot boord him except you weather him.
1660 N. Ingelo Bentivolio & Urania iv. 280 When they have weather'd the Cape of Good hope.
1694 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) III. 323 Not being able to weather the Lizard Point because of the strong south west wind.
1703 J. Burchett Mem. Trans. at Sea 141 Our Blue Squadron..by a shift of Wind had weather'd the French.
1801 Ld. Nelson in Dispatches & Lett. (1845) IV. 314 The Agamemnon could not weather the shoal of the middle, and was obliged to anchor.
1820 W. Scoresby Acct. Arctic Regions II. 476 An impervious mass of ice..which..we could neither weather, nor discover a passage through.
1878 D. Kemp Man. Yacht & Boat Sailing 378/1 To weather is to pass on the windward side of an object. In cross tacking the vessel ‘weathers’ another that crosses ahead of her.
b. figurative. To get safely round; to get the better of.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > escape > escape from [verb (transitive)] > pass through (danger or adversity)
passa1325
to wear out1617
weathera1631
to come through ——1655
survive1717
to live out1719
overa1800
the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > mastery or superiority > have or gain mastery or superiority over [verb (transitive)]
overcomeeOE
forecomec1000
overwieldlOE
masterc1225
overmaistrie1340
overmatcha1375
overpassa1382
surmount1390
to have the fairer (of)c1400
maistriec1400
overmasterc1425
winc1440
overc1485
bestride1526
rixlec1540
overreach1555
control1567
overmate1567
govern1593
to give (a person) the lurch1598
get1600
to gain cope of1614
top1633
to fetch overa1640
down1641
to have the whip hand (of)1680
carberry1692
to cut down1713
to be more than a match for1762
outflank1773
outmaster1799
outgeneral1831
weather1834
best1839
fore-reach1845
to beat a person at his (also her, etc.) own game1849
scoop1850
euchrec1866
bemaster1871
negotiate1888
to do down1900
to get (someone) wetc1926
lick1946
a1631 J. Donne Serm. (1954) VII. 113 That soule which is but neare destruction, may weather that mischiefe.
1654 B. Whitelocke Jrnl. Swedish Ambassy (1772) I. 449 Butt, through mercy, he weathered this point also.
1708 J. Addison Present State War 15 We have been tugging a great while against the Stream, and have almost weather'd our point.
1834 F. Marryat Peter Simple II. xviii. 309 Peter, read me about Jacob, and his weathering Esau with a mess of pottage.
†c. To aim wide of (the mark) on the windward side. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > action of propelling missile > discharge of firearms > fire (a gun) [verb (transitive)] > aim (gun) > in specific manner
weather1588
lead1892
poke1898
walk1944
1588 C. Lucar Appendix 4 in tr. N. Tartaglia 3 Bks. Shooting Euery Gunner ought to weather the marke according to the hardnes of the winde, and the distance.
d. intransitive. to weather on or upon: to gain upon in a windward direction; also figurative, to get the advantage of, take liberties with.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > direct or manage ship [verb (transitive)] > set a ship's course > gain upon in windward direction
to weather on or uponc1595
the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > mastery or superiority > have or gain mastery or superiority over [verb (transitive)] > have or get (someone) at a disadvantage
to have at avail1470
to catch, have, hold, take (one) at (a or the) vantagec1510
to gain of1548
to be to the forehand with1558
to have (take) on (in, at) the lurch1591
to get the sun of1598
to have (also get) a good hand against1600
to take (have, etc.) at a why-nota1612
to weather on or upon1707
to have the laugh on a person1767
to have a (or the) pull of (also over, on)1781
to get to windward of1783
to have the bulge on1841
to give points to1854
to get (have) the drop on1869
to hold over1872
to have an (or the) edge on1896
to get (also have) the goods on1903
to get (or have) the jump on1912
to have (got) by the balls1918
c1595 Capt. Wyatt in G. F. Warner Voy. R. Dudley to W. Indies (1899) 16 Some fowre leagues of, wee sawe a saile to weather on us.
1707 E. Ward Wooden World Dissected 35 How well soever he can weather upon others, he never is able to forereach upon his Commander.
1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson ii. iv. 163 We had both weathered and fore-reached upon her considerably.
1829 F. Marryat Naval Officer II. vii. 202 How do you think the scoundrels weathered on me at last?
1836 Fraser's Mag. 14 475 I weathered upon my duty without discredit, my leisure without care, my liquor without quarrelling.
1863 C. Reade Hard Cash I. ix. 252 The other [pirate]..came up to weather on him and hang on his quarters, pirate fashion.
1881 Daily News 9 June 5/4 There is a triumph, too, which only a genuine yachtsman can feel when inch by inch a dreaded rival is weathered on.
4. transitive.
a. Nautical. To withstand and come safely through (a storm). Often with out (also absol.).
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > action or motion of vessel > [verb (transitive)] > sustain a storm
to ride out1603
outride1647
weather1673
1673 W. Temple Observ. United Provinces viii. 255 Such old Sea~men in so strong a Ship that had weathered so many storms without loss.
1681 H. Neville Plato Redivivus 22 [No more than] the Pilot and Marriners [are answerable] for not weathering out a Storm, when the Ship hath sprung a planck.
1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson i. vi. 62 Had they [sc. the masts] weathered the preceding storm, it would have been impossible..to have stood against those..tempests we afterwards encountered.
1790 W. Cowper On Receipt Mother's Picture 89 As a gallant bark..(The storms all weather'd and the ocean cross'd) Shoots into port.
1819 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto II xli. 139 But the ship labour'd so, they scarce could hope To weather out much longer.
a1859 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. (1861) V. xxiv. 204 In the port lay fleets of great ships which had weathered the storms of the Euxine and the Atlantic.
1864 Ld. Tennyson Enoch Arden in Enoch Arden, etc. 8 To sell the boat—and yet he loved her well—How many a rough sea had he weather'd in her!
1866 R. M. Ballantyne Shifting Winds ii. 10 She had sailed from the antipodes, had weathered many a gale.
b. figurative or in figurative context. To come safely through (a period of trouble, adversity, affliction, etc.); to sustain without disaster.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > escape > escape from [verb (transitive)] > pass through (danger or adversity) > sustain without disaster
weather1655
1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. ix. 192 He Weathered out the Raign of Queen Mary.
1671 J. Caryll Sir Salomon iv. 66 My designs of Revenge are vain, and unjust. I must pull down my Sailes to weather out this storme.
1674 R. Boyle Excellency Theol. i. iii. 95 Afflictions slight and short may well be weather'd out by these Philosophical Avocations.
1707 E. Ward Wooden World Dissected 78 They value no such Puffs, if they can but weather a Beating.
1772 H. Mackenzie Man of World ii. xx After having weathered so many disasters, I at last arrived near the place of my nativity.
1775 T. Jefferson Let. 4 July in Papers (1950) I. 185 If we can weather out this campaign, I hope that we shall be able to have a plenty [of gunpowder] made for another.
1788 R. Burns Let. 1 Feb. (2001) I. 224 My brother's lease is but a wretched one, though I think he will probably weather out the remaining seven years of it.
1834 Creevey in H. Maxwell Creevey Papers (1904) II. xii. 296 The Government..could not have weathered the session.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. x. 623 They were..thrown into the shade by two younger Whigs,..who weathered together the fiercest storms of faction.
1853 C. Dickens Bleak House xiv. 131 Pa told me, only yesterday morning,..that he couldn't weather the storm.
1865 C. Dickens Let. 30 Nov. (1999) XI. 117 I rather doubt..their being able to weather it out.
1885 Contemp. Rev. June 906 Their proprietors are less indebted and weather a crisis better.
1900 G. C. Brodrick Mem. & Impr. 143 The other weathered a serious illness and lived on for two or three years.
c. gen. To pass through and survive (severe weather).
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > escape > escape from [verb (transitive)] > pass through (danger or adversity) > specifically of severe weather
weather1680
1680 T. Otway Orphan iv. 43 The Beasts that under the Warm Hedges slept, And weather'd out the cold bleak Night, are up.
1753 T. Woodroofe in J. Hanway Hist. Acct. Brit. Trade Caspian Sea I. xvii. 113 We had weathered out the inclement season with as good spirits as could be expected in so bad a neighbourhood.
1785 W. Cowper Let. 9 Nov. (1981) II. 394 I began..to fear I should never be able to weather out the Winter in so lonely a dwelling.
1795–6 W. Wordsworth Borderers i. 513 My husband, Sir, Was of Kirkoswald—many a snowy winter We've weathered out together.
1805 W. Wordsworth Waggoner iii. 80 Among these hills, from first to last, We've weathered many a furious blast.
1854 H. D. Thoreau Walden 275 I weathered some merry snow storms.
†d. To take shelter from (a storm). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > refuge or shelter > seek (refuge) [verb (transitive)] > take refuge from (a storm)
weather1742
1742 H. Fielding Joseph Andrews I. ii. iii. 144 They said there was a violent Shower of Rain coming on, which they intended to weather there [i.e. at an alehouse] . View more context for this quotation
1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones IV. xii. viii. 250 Partridge, with much earnest Entreaty, prevailed with Jones to enter, and weather the Storm. View more context for this quotation
1798 R. Bloomfield Winter in Farmer's Boy 296 Beneath whose trunk I've weather'd many a show'r.
5. intransitive. to weather along, †to weather it on: to sail or make headway in spite of wind and weather. Also to weather her way.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > use of wind > avail oneself of a wind [verb (intransitive)] > strive or make way against wind
laveer1598
to weather it on1599
beat1677
to beat up1720
to weather along1836
thrash1855
thresh1857
1599 T. Nashe Lenten Stuffe 21 [All] that euer Yarmoth vnshelled or ingendred to weather it on till they lost the North-starre.
1836 W. Irving Life & Lett. (1866) III. 91 I have ever since made my calculations to ‘weather along’, as the sailors say, for some time to come, without any of the funds I have invested.
1881 J. K. Scott Galloway Gleanings 14 See the ‘Press Home’ steerin' strecht for lan', Will she weather her way to the shore?
6. transitive. To set (the sails of a windmill) at the proper angle to obtain the maximum effect of the wind-force. Cf. weather n. 4.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > mills > provide with mill [verb (transitive)] > alter sails of windmill
shroud1660
weather1746
unclothe1825
1746 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 44 1 All which Sails [of a water-wheel] are weathered in the same Manner as those designed for Windmills.
1760 J. Smeaton in Philos. Trans. 1759 (Royal Soc.) 51 144 Plain sails weather'd according to the common practice.
1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 138 From which it appears that sails weathered in the Dutch manner produced nearly a maximum effect.
7. Architecture. To slope or bevel (a surface) so as to throw off the rain; to furnish (a wall, buttress) with a weathering or water-table.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or providing with specific parts > build or provide with specific parts [verb (transitive)] > provide with wall(s) > provide with coping, water-table, or throat
copea1625
water-table1797
throat1823
weather1833
1833 J. C. Loudon Encycl. Cottage Archit. §860 13 feet 6 inches oak wrought, framed, and weathered (beveled to throw off the wet).
1878 R. B. MacVittie Details Restoration Christ Church Cathedral Dublin 66 A plinth which is weathered in the depth of the buttresses by nine courses of Water-tables.
1879 Cassell's Techn. Educator (new ed.) II. 294/1 Fig. 391 shows the manner in which the sill is sloped off, or ‘weathered’.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1926; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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