watergaten.¹

Brit.

/ˈwɔːtəɡeɪt/, U.S.

/ˈwɔdərˌɡeɪt/,

/ˈwɑdərˌɡeɪt/, Scottish English

/ˈwɔtərɡet/

Forms: see water n. and gate n.²

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: water n., gate n.²

Etymology: < water n. + gate n.²

English regional (northern) and Scottish.

1. A channel for water, esp. one which provides drainage for a coal mine. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > stream > [noun] > watercourse or channel

runeOE

sitchOE

pipeOE

sichetc1133

guttera1300

siket1300

sikec1330

watergate1368

gole?a1400

gotea1400

flout14..

aa1430

trough1513

guta1552

race1570

lode1572

canala1576

ditch1589

trink1592

leam1601

dike1616

runlet1630

stell1651

nullah1656

course1665

drain1700

lade1706

droke1772

regimen1797

draught1807

adit1808

sluit1818

thalweg1831

runway1874

1368–9 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1899) II. 575 In exp. factis pro uno Watergat pro minera de Raynton, 8li. 17s. 4d.

1408 in Eng. Hist. Rev. (1899) 14 517 Soluta..laborariis, operantibus et facientibus unum Watergate extendentem de Heribourne usque dictum forgeum.

1447 in J. Raine Hist. Dunelmensis Scriptores Tres (1839) p. cccxiii Alsa the said John..sall..labour & wyn a watergate for wynnyng of cole in the same colepit.

1668 in W. Brown Yorks. Deeds (1914) (modernized text) II. 115 To carry a sufficient sough and water-gate through the demised ground.

1718 in G. Fraser Lowland Lore (1880) 36 Streets are overflowed with Water.., therefore they Appoynt each persone to make their Calseas and Water gates sufficient.

a1800 Jamie Telfer xii, in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1894) V. ix. 250/1 Now Jamie is up the water-gate, Een as fast as he can drie.

1882 R. L. Galloway Hist. Coal Mining iii. 25 The drainage of the mines was effected by means of the horizontal tunnels already mentioned, which were variously termed adits, watergates, soughs, surfs, &c.

1913 L. F. Salzmann Eng. Industries Middle Ages i. 8 There is abundant proof that regular drainage by watergates, soughs, or adits had already come into use.

1964 Chartered Mech. Engineer 11 87/2 The first access to coal seams was by inclined roads and headings... This was followed by shallow vertical pits, bell pits.., and nearly horizontal adits, watergates or aqueducts.

†2. Scottish. The action of urinating. Only in to watch a person's watergate (figurative): to wait until a person is at a disadvantage (see quot. 1882 for a theory on the origin of the phrase). Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1721 J. Kelly Compl. Coll. Scotish Prov. 396 I'll watch your Watergate. That is, I'll watch for an Advantage over you.

1882 J. Longmuir & D. Donaldson Jamieson's Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. (rev. ed.) IV Watergate, The act of voiding urine. ‘I'll watch your watergate;’..This seems to refer to a man's turning his face to the wall for a certain purpose, when an enemy might easily take his advantage.]

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2015; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

Watergaten.³

Brit.

/ˈwɔːtəɡeɪt/, U.S.

/ˈwɔdərˌɡeɪt/,

/ˈwɑdərˌɡeɪt/

Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Watergate.

Etymology: < the name of the Watergate building in Washington, D.C., containing the national headquarters of the Democratic Party, which was burgled on 17 June 1972 by people connected with the Republican administration.

1. attributive. Of or relating to the U.S. political scandal in which people connected with President R. M. Nixon’s Republican administration were caught breaking into, and attempting to bug, the national headquarters of the Democratic Party (in the Watergate building in Washington, D.C.) during the 1972 presidential election campaign, and which eventually led to President Nixon's resignation in 1974. Esp. in Watergate scandal, Watergate era, etc.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > politics > discreditable political activity > [noun] > specific conspiracy

Watergate1972

Watergate scandal1972

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > infamy or notoriety > [noun] > a scandal or infamous event or state of things > specific

Watergate1972

Watergate scandal1972

1972 Washington Post 6 Aug. b6/1 Such potentially explosive issues as the Watergate scandal go by almost unremarked.

1974 Newsweek 11 May 23/2 The President himself..served notice that he would stonewall any further demands for tapes in the Watergate scandal.

1989 T. Clancy Clear & Present Danger xxv. 549 A little-known result of the Watergate case. Martinez and Barker were Watergate conspirators, right?

2009 New Yorker 22 June 53/2 The country is in a period similar to the Watergate era, when a series of disturbing state secrets..spilled out.

2. = Watergate scandal at sense 1.The element -gate has since been used, preceded by the name of a person, place, etc., to denote a scandal comparable with or likened to Watergate: see -gate comb. form.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > politics > discreditable political activity > [noun] > specific conspiracy

Watergate1972

Watergate scandal1972

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > infamy or notoriety > [noun] > a scandal or infamous event or state of things > specific

Watergate1972

Watergate scandal1972

1972 Boston Globe 12 Aug. 6/3 (heading) Growing issue of Watergate.

1974 Los Angeles Times 9 Aug. i. 1 (headline) Nixon resigns in ‘interests of nation’... President hopes action will heal wounds of Watergate.

1978 Jrnl. Higher Educ. 49 509 Somewhere between college and Watergate, I lost my moral compass.

1997 Esquire Aug. 64/1 Clark is an ex-reporter and photographer who covered Watergate for the National Journal in the pre-spin era.

2013 N.Y. Times 8 Oct. (Late ed.) a27/1 We equate each new scandal, whether extra-large or fun-size, with Watergate.

3. A scandal likened to Watergate, esp. in involving activities such as illicit surveillance, suppression of evidence, or concealment of corruption.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > infamy or notoriety > [noun] > a scandal or infamous event or state of things > type of

Teapot Dome1936

Watergate1973

spy scandal1977

1973 Freedom 2 June 1/2 Anything the Americans do we can do better. We have produced our own miniature Watergate plus two new magic ingredients—sex and drugs.

1974 E. Ambler Dr. Frigo ii. 101 A Central American Watergate you want now?

1976 Washington Post 26 Jan. a 2/6 ‘The news has been inundated by a financial Watergate of leaked disclosures of troubled banks and bank holding companies,’ said Reuss.

2002 Time 8 July 22 We're in a period of corporate Watergate, and Nixons are popping up all over.

Derivatives

ˈWatergater n. a person involved in the illicit or illegal activities carried out during the Watergate scandal.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > infamy or notoriety > [noun] > a scandal or infamous event or state of things > person > specific

Watergater1972

1972 Cedar Rapids (Iowa) Gaz. 19 Sept. 6/3 (headline) Watergaters clam up.

1979 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 8 Feb. 10/4 Perhaps what Jerry Ford should have done on the day he pardoned Nixon was to pardon all the Watergaters and all the Vietnam resisters in one controversially magnanimous act.

2005 J. Aitken Charles W. Colson 404 Alone among the leading Watergaters, he has never offered excuses or justifications for his misconduct.

ˈWatergating n. now rare the use or attempted use of illicit surveillance in, or as in, the Watergate scandal.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > investigation, inspection > secret observation, spying > electronic espionage > [noun]

signal intelligence1958

Watergating1972

society > authority > rule or government > politics > discreditable political activity > [noun] > taking part in conspiracy

Watergating1972

1972 Washington Post 9 Nov. a18/4 The general public indifference to Watergating, and the accumulated charges of campaign corruption, deserve more than a raised eyebrow in passing.

1973 Black Panther 12 May 2/3 The issue is not how high up Watergate goes. The issue is how far down watergating goes. The bug on our telephones, and yours, is the issue.

1975 A. Plantinga Possible Worlds in T. Honderich & M. Burnyeat Philos. as it Is (1979) 437 Curley, as we see, is not above a bit of Watergating.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2015; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

Watergatev.

Brit.

/ˈwɔːtəɡeɪt/, U.S.

/ˈwɔdərˌɡeɪt/,

/ˈwɑdərˌɡeɪt/

Forms: also with lower-case initial.

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: Watergate n.³

Etymology: < Watergate n.³

1. transitive. To treat (a person, political party, place, etc.) in a way which is reminiscent of the Watergate scandal (see Watergate n.³ 1), esp. by engaging in activities such as illicit surveillance, suppression of evidence, or concealment of corruption.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > investigation, inspection > secret observation, spying > electronic espionage > install or use device [verb (transitive)]

wire1890

wiretap1918

bug1958

Watergate1973

1973 Birmingham (Alabama) Post-Herald 28 Apr. a4/3 In the political machinery of the future we may hear of a political party ‘Watergating’ another party.

1975 G. Seymour Harry's Game vi. 91 Not much eavesdropping in here. Need to Watergate the place.

1976 Times Lit. Suppl. 2 July 815/2 His followers perform experiments that are sadistic, pointless, and repetitive, and are given to watergating the evidence (‘Not that there was anything wrong on those tapes’).

1994 Gazette (Montreal) (Nexis) 23 Apr. k2 The cybercops could have Watergated me while I slept—snuck in here and rewired the glove.

2. intransitive. To take part in activities associated with Watergate (Watergate n.³), esp. illicit surveillance, suppression of evidence, or concealment of corruption. Somewhat rare.

ΚΠ

1973 Birmingham (Alabama) Post-Herald 28 Apr. a4/4 They will be asking the voters to remember ‘Watergate’, for the GOP's might be Watergating again.

1977 D. W. Ewing Freedom inside Organization i. 18 ‘Suppose top management is Watergating,’ managers wondered. ‘Is total obedience required then?’

1983 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 3 Aug. a15/1 Maybe Nixon messed us all up. Next time I want to say an umpire lied I'll say he Watergated and I won't have to use the awful word lie.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2015; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

n.¹1368

n.³1972

v.1973

单词	watergate
释义	watergaten.¹ Brit. /ˈwɔːtəɡeɪt/, U.S. /ˈwɔdərˌɡeɪt/, /ˈwɑdərˌɡeɪt/, Scottish English /ˈwɔtərɡet/ Forms: see water n. and gate n.² Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: water n., gate n.² Etymology: < water n. + gate n.² English regional (northern) and Scottish. 1. A channel for water, esp. one which provides drainage for a coal mine. Now historical. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > stream > [noun] > watercourse or channel runeOE sitchOE pipeOE sichetc1133 guttera1300 siket1300 sikec1330 watergate1368 gole?a1400 gotea1400 flout14.. aa1430 trough1513 guta1552 race1570 lode1572 canala1576 ditch1589 trink1592 leam1601 dike1616 runlet1630 stell1651 nullah1656 course1665 drain1700 lade1706 droke1772 regimen1797 draught1807 adit1808 sluit1818 thalweg1831 runway1874 1368–9 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1899) II. 575 In exp. factis pro uno Watergat pro minera de Raynton, 8li. 17s. 4d. 1408 in Eng. Hist. Rev. (1899) 14 517 Soluta..laborariis, operantibus et facientibus unum Watergate extendentem de Heribourne usque dictum forgeum. 1447 in J. Raine Hist. Dunelmensis Scriptores Tres (1839) p. cccxiii Alsa the said John..sall..labour & wyn a watergate for wynnyng of cole in the same colepit. 1668 in W. Brown Yorks. Deeds (1914) (modernized text) II. 115 To carry a sufficient sough and water-gate through the demised ground. 1718 in G. Fraser Lowland Lore (1880) 36 Streets are overflowed with Water.., therefore they Appoynt each persone to make their Calseas and Water gates sufficient. a1800 Jamie Telfer xii, in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1894) V. ix. 250/1 Now Jamie is up the water-gate, Een as fast as he can drie. 1882 R. L. Galloway Hist. Coal Mining iii. 25 The drainage of the mines was effected by means of the horizontal tunnels already mentioned, which were variously termed adits, watergates, soughs, surfs, &c. 1913 L. F. Salzmann Eng. Industries Middle Ages i. 8 There is abundant proof that regular drainage by watergates, soughs, or adits had already come into use. 1964 Chartered Mech. Engineer 11 87/2 The first access to coal seams was by inclined roads and headings... This was followed by shallow vertical pits, bell pits.., and nearly horizontal adits, watergates or aqueducts. †2. Scottish. The action of urinating. Only in to watch a person's watergate (figurative): to wait until a person is at a disadvantage (see quot. 1882 for a theory on the origin of the phrase). Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1721 J. Kelly Compl. Coll. Scotish Prov. 396 I'll watch your Watergate. That is, I'll watch for an Advantage over you. 1882 J. Longmuir & D. Donaldson Jamieson's Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. (rev. ed.) IV Watergate, The act of voiding urine. ‘I'll watch your watergate;’..This seems to refer to a man's turning his face to the wall for a certain purpose, when an enemy might easily take his advantage.] This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2015; most recently modified version published online December 2021). Watergaten.³ Brit. /ˈwɔːtəɡeɪt/, U.S. /ˈwɔdərˌɡeɪt/, /ˈwɑdərˌɡeɪt/ Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Watergate. Etymology: < the name of the Watergate building in Washington, D.C., containing the national headquarters of the Democratic Party, which was burgled on 17 June 1972 by people connected with the Republican administration. 1. attributive. Of or relating to the U.S. political scandal in which people connected with President R. M. Nixon’s Republican administration were caught breaking into, and attempting to bug, the national headquarters of the Democratic Party (in the Watergate building in Washington, D.C.) during the 1972 presidential election campaign, and which eventually led to President Nixon's resignation in 1974. Esp. in Watergate scandal, Watergate era, etc. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > discreditable political activity > [noun] > specific conspiracy Watergate1972 Watergate scandal1972 the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > infamy or notoriety > [noun] > a scandal or infamous event or state of things > specific Watergate1972 Watergate scandal1972 1972 Washington Post 6 Aug. b6/1 Such potentially explosive issues as the Watergate scandal go by almost unremarked. 1974 Newsweek 11 May 23/2 The President himself..served notice that he would stonewall any further demands for tapes in the Watergate scandal. 1989 T. Clancy Clear & Present Danger xxv. 549 A little-known result of the Watergate case. Martinez and Barker were Watergate conspirators, right? 2009 New Yorker 22 June 53/2 The country is in a period similar to the Watergate era, when a series of disturbing state secrets..spilled out. 2. = Watergate scandal at sense 1.The element -gate has since been used, preceded by the name of a person, place, etc., to denote a scandal comparable with or likened to Watergate: see -gate comb. form. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > discreditable political activity > [noun] > specific conspiracy Watergate1972 Watergate scandal1972 the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > infamy or notoriety > [noun] > a scandal or infamous event or state of things > specific Watergate1972 Watergate scandal1972 1972 Boston Globe 12 Aug. 6/3 (heading) Growing issue of Watergate. 1974 Los Angeles Times 9 Aug. i. 1 (headline) Nixon resigns in ‘interests of nation’... President hopes action will heal wounds of Watergate. 1978 Jrnl. Higher Educ. 49 509 Somewhere between college and Watergate, I lost my moral compass. 1997 Esquire Aug. 64/1 Clark is an ex-reporter and photographer who covered Watergate for the National Journal in the pre-spin era. 2013 N.Y. Times 8 Oct. (Late ed.) a27/1 We equate each new scandal, whether extra-large or fun-size, with Watergate. 3. A scandal likened to Watergate, esp. in involving activities such as illicit surveillance, suppression of evidence, or concealment of corruption. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > infamy or notoriety > [noun] > a scandal or infamous event or state of things > type of Teapot Dome1936 Watergate1973 spy scandal1977 1973 Freedom 2 June 1/2 Anything the Americans do we can do better. We have produced our own miniature Watergate plus two new magic ingredients—sex and drugs. 1974 E. Ambler Dr. Frigo ii. 101 A Central American Watergate you want now? 1976 Washington Post 26 Jan. a 2/6 ‘The news has been inundated by a financial Watergate of leaked disclosures of troubled banks and bank holding companies,’ said Reuss. 2002 Time 8 July 22 We're in a period of corporate Watergate, and Nixons are popping up all over. Derivatives ˈWatergater n. a person involved in the illicit or illegal activities carried out during the Watergate scandal. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > infamy or notoriety > [noun] > a scandal or infamous event or state of things > person > specific Watergater1972 1972 Cedar Rapids (Iowa) Gaz. 19 Sept. 6/3 (headline) Watergaters clam up. 1979 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 8 Feb. 10/4 Perhaps what Jerry Ford should have done on the day he pardoned Nixon was to pardon all the Watergaters and all the Vietnam resisters in one controversially magnanimous act. 2005 J. Aitken Charles W. Colson 404 Alone among the leading Watergaters, he has never offered excuses or justifications for his misconduct. ˈWatergating n. now rare the use or attempted use of illicit surveillance in, or as in, the Watergate scandal. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > investigation, inspection > secret observation, spying > electronic espionage > [noun] signal intelligence1958 Watergating1972 society > authority > rule or government > politics > discreditable political activity > [noun] > taking part in conspiracy Watergating1972 1972 Washington Post 9 Nov. a18/4 The general public indifference to Watergating, and the accumulated charges of campaign corruption, deserve more than a raised eyebrow in passing. 1973 Black Panther 12 May 2/3 The issue is not how high up Watergate goes. The issue is how far down watergating goes. The bug on our telephones, and yours, is the issue. 1975 A. Plantinga Possible Worlds in T. Honderich & M. Burnyeat Philos. as it Is (1979) 437 Curley, as we see, is not above a bit of Watergating. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2015; most recently modified version published online December 2021). Watergatev. Brit. /ˈwɔːtəɡeɪt/, U.S. /ˈwɔdərˌɡeɪt/, /ˈwɑdərˌɡeɪt/ Forms: also with lower-case initial. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: Watergate n.³ Etymology: < Watergate n.³ 1. transitive. To treat (a person, political party, place, etc.) in a way which is reminiscent of the Watergate scandal (see Watergate n.³ 1), esp. by engaging in activities such as illicit surveillance, suppression of evidence, or concealment of corruption. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > investigation, inspection > secret observation, spying > electronic espionage > install or use device [verb (transitive)] wire1890 wiretap1918 bug1958 Watergate1973 1973 Birmingham (Alabama) Post-Herald 28 Apr. a4/3 In the political machinery of the future we may hear of a political party ‘Watergating’ another party. 1975 G. Seymour Harry's Game vi. 91 Not much eavesdropping in here. Need to Watergate the place. 1976 Times Lit. Suppl. 2 July 815/2 His followers perform experiments that are sadistic, pointless, and repetitive, and are given to watergating the evidence (‘Not that there was anything wrong on those tapes’). 1994 Gazette (Montreal) (Nexis) 23 Apr. k2 The cybercops could have Watergated me while I slept—snuck in here and rewired the glove. 2. intransitive. To take part in activities associated with Watergate (Watergate n.³), esp. illicit surveillance, suppression of evidence, or concealment of corruption. Somewhat rare. ΚΠ 1973 Birmingham (Alabama) Post-Herald 28 Apr. a4/4 They will be asking the voters to remember ‘Watergate’, for the GOP's might be Watergating again. 1977 D. W. Ewing Freedom inside Organization i. 18 ‘Suppose top management is Watergating,’ managers wondered. ‘Is total obedience required then?’ 1983 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 3 Aug. a15/1 Maybe Nixon messed us all up. Next time I want to say an umpire lied I'll say he Watergated and I won't have to use the awful word lie. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2015; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.¹1368n.³1972v.1973
随便看	copperzinc coppice coppice shoot coppice system coppice-bird coppice-feathered coppice-ground coppice-land coppice-topped coppice-with-standards coppice-wood coppicebird coppiced coppicefeathered coppiceground coppiceland coppices coppicetopped coppicewithstandards coppicewood coppicing coppies copping copping out copping-beam

watergaten.1

Watergaten.3

Derivatives

Watergatev.

watergaten.¹

Watergaten.³