water-galln.

Brit.

/ˈwɔːtəˌɡɔːl/, U.S.

/ˈwɔdərˌɡɔl/,

/ˈwɑdərˌɡɑl/

Forms: 1500s– water-gall, 1600s water-gal; English regional (Isle of Wight) 1800s– water-geal; Scottish 1900s– water-gaw, 1900s– watter-gaw.

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: water n., gall n.²

Etymology: < water n. + gall n.² (with sense 3, compare gall n.² 5).Compare Middle Low German wātergalle secondary rainbow, German Wassergalle any of various excrescences or sores on a person's skin (a1541; 1460 in sense ‘stalactite or stalagmite’), watery bubble in the liver of swine (1587), secondary rainbow (17th cent.), flow in marble (1869 or earlier), the second element of which appears to show the cognate of gall n.², although some senses may show a different second element. Much earlier currency of sense 3 is probably implied by the widely attested field name Watergall(e) (from the early 13th cent.), as well as by the following (it is likely that watergallis here represents the ablative plural of a post-classical Latin borrowing < Middle English):1285 in W. Brown Yorks. Deeds (1914) II. 198 (note) Cum toto prato suo falcabili, ut in capitibus, herbagiis, ranis, et watergallis. English regional water-gull (late 19th cent.), in sense 1, appears to show a folk-etymological alteration of this word (perhaps after gull n.³) rather than a variant of it.

1. A secondary or imperfectly-formed rainbow; (more widely) any of various phenomena in the clouds and sky that are believed to be portents of approaching rain. Also in extended use. regional in later use (now chiefly Scottish). Cf. weather-gall n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > rainbow > [noun] > imperfectly formed

water-gall1573

weather-gall1621

sun dog1635

weather-dog1758

wind-gall1823

wind-dog1860

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > light > chromatism > [noun] > rainbow > part or fragment of

water-gall1573

weather-gall1621

wind-gall1823

wind-dog1860

1573 T. Twyne tr. Virgil in T. Phaer & T. Twyne tr. Virgil Whole .xii. Bks. Æneidos xii. sig. Nn^v Like as a rocke that from a loftie mount doth headlonge fall, Enforst with rage of wind, or els with shoures, and water gall.

1594 W. Shakespeare Lucrece sig. L2^v And round about her teare-distained eye Blew circles stream'd, like Rain-bows in the skie. These watergalls in her dim Element, Foretell new stormes.

a1676 M. Hale Primitive Originat. Mankind (1677) 16 As the Water-gall is the Image, Shadow, or weak Representation of the Rain-bow.

1744 H. Walpole Let. 29 June in Corr. (1954) XVIII. 466 False good news are always produced by true good, like the water gall by the rainbow.

1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine Transl. French Terms at Oeil de bouc A water-gall, or weather-gall.

1824 O. Gregory Lessons Astronom. & Philos. (ed. 6) xxvi. 169 There is also often seen a fainter coloured bow, commonly called a water-gall, above the Rainbow.

1854 A. E. Baker Gloss. Northants. Words II. 385 Water-gall, a phenomenon, something like a second rainbow; said to prognosticate rainy weather.

1913 A. E. Bell Study Nat. Sci. in 13th Cent. (M. Lett. thesis, Univ. of Calif.) 63 From the treatment by Seneca there quoted it seems that this must refer to the broken rainbow or water-gall.

1925 ‘H. MacDiarmid’ Sangschaw 2 I saw yon antrin thing A watergaw wi' its chitterin' licht.

1998 S. Blackhall Bonsai Grower 61 Tunes that furled aroon his heid like the mist that wyved aroon Beinn a Bhuird, fan the wattergaw hung i the lift.

†2. A hydatid or other fluid-filled cyst, esp. in the liver. Cf. water bladder n. (a) at water n. Compounds 11. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of pigs > [noun]

swine-sought?c1475

water-gall1582

measles1587

swinepox1587

gargarism1607

measlesa1637

rangen1688

milt-pain1704

choler1729

hog pox1730

gall1736

thirst1736

cholera1837

black tooth1851

hog plague1858

swine plague1863

purple1867

swine fever1877

soldier disease1878

soldier1882

swine erysipelas1887

Aujeszky's disease1906

swine flu1919

swine influenza1920

African swine fever1935

baby pig disease1941

swine vesicular disease1972

SVD1973

1582 S. Batman Vppon Bartholome, De Proprietatibus Rerum v. xxxix. f. 57^v/2 (Addition) Yet may the lyuer haue many and diuers infirmities, as heate, water galls, kernells and opilations.

1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 685 Sometimes there appeare [in swine] certaine blathers in the liuer of water, which are called water-gals.

1749 W. Ellis Compl. Syst. Improvem. Sheep ii. 178 Water-Galls, found in the Body of dead Sheep, that 'twas thought would have turn'd to a Red-water.

†3. An area of boggy ground. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > landscape > marsh, bog, or swamp > [noun] > wet place, mire, or slough

sloughc900

mooreOE

letch1138

mire1219

sougha1300

dew1377

slop?a1400

flashc1440

slothc1440

slonk1488

slot?a1500

rilling1610

slab1610

water-gall1657

slunkc1700

slack1719

mudhole1721

bog-hole1788

spew1794

wetness1805

stabble1821

slob1836

sludge1839

soak1839

mudbath1856

squire-trap1859

loblolly1865

glue-pot1892

swelter1894

poaching1920

1657 J. Beale Herefordshire Orchards 27 I never saw an Orchard prove, where the ground was wetted with a water-gall.

1664 J. Evelyn Sylva xviii. 38 The Alder is of all other the most faithful lover of watery and boggy places, and those most despis'd weeping parts, or water-galls of Forests.

1688 P. Rycaut tr. G. de la Vega Royal Comm. Peru v. xxxiv. 827 This River, towards the Mountain, is fortified with great Water-galls, caused by the streams which fall from above.

1834 Miller's Dict. Gardening 129 Wherever it may be desirable to complete a prospect by extending plantations over sterile, cold ground, water-galls, or boggy swamps, no tree we know of is equal to the Alder.

1874 Amer. Farmer 3 163/1 Its [sc. under-drainage] necessity is shown by occasional spots known as water-galls, which continue too wet until they become too hard for the plow.

4. Perhaps: a flaw in a material or a manufactured article caused by the settling of water in a particular spot. rare.Inferred by N.E.D. (1923) from water-galled adj., but no evidence for this use has been found.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

ΚΠ

1923 N.E.D. Water-galled, having water-galls.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	water-gall
释义	water-galln. Brit. /ˈwɔːtəˌɡɔːl/, U.S. /ˈwɔdərˌɡɔl/, /ˈwɑdərˌɡɑl/ Forms: 1500s– water-gall, 1600s water-gal; English regional (Isle of Wight) 1800s– water-geal; Scottish 1900s– water-gaw, 1900s– watter-gaw. Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: water n., gall n.² Etymology: < water n. + gall n.² (with sense 3, compare gall n.² 5).Compare Middle Low German wātergalle secondary rainbow, German Wassergalle any of various excrescences or sores on a person's skin (a1541; 1460 in sense ‘stalactite or stalagmite’), watery bubble in the liver of swine (1587), secondary rainbow (17th cent.), flow in marble (1869 or earlier), the second element of which appears to show the cognate of gall n.², although some senses may show a different second element. Much earlier currency of sense 3 is probably implied by the widely attested field name Watergall(e) (from the early 13th cent.), as well as by the following (it is likely that watergallis here represents the ablative plural of a post-classical Latin borrowing < Middle English):1285 in W. Brown Yorks. Deeds (1914) II. 198 (note) Cum toto prato suo falcabili, ut in capitibus, herbagiis, ranis, et watergallis. English regional water-gull (late 19th cent.), in sense 1, appears to show a folk-etymological alteration of this word (perhaps after gull n.³) rather than a variant of it. 1. A secondary or imperfectly-formed rainbow; (more widely) any of various phenomena in the clouds and sky that are believed to be portents of approaching rain. Also in extended use. regional in later use (now chiefly Scottish). Cf. weather-gall n. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > rainbow > [noun] > imperfectly formed water-gall1573 weather-gall1621 sun dog1635 weather-dog1758 wind-gall1823 wind-dog1860 the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > light > chromatism > [noun] > rainbow > part or fragment of water-gall1573 weather-gall1621 wind-gall1823 wind-dog1860 1573 T. Twyne tr. Virgil in T. Phaer & T. Twyne tr. Virgil Whole .xii. Bks. Æneidos xii. sig. Nn^v Like as a rocke that from a loftie mount doth headlonge fall, Enforst with rage of wind, or els with shoures, and water gall. 1594 W. Shakespeare Lucrece sig. L2^v And round about her teare-distained eye Blew circles stream'd, like Rain-bows in the skie. These watergalls in her dim Element, Foretell new stormes. View more context for this quotation a1676 M. Hale Primitive Originat. Mankind (1677) 16 As the Water-gall is the Image, Shadow, or weak Representation of the Rain-bow. 1744 H. Walpole Let. 29 June in Corr. (1954) XVIII. 466 False good news are always produced by true good, like the water gall by the rainbow. 1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine Transl. French Terms at Oeil de bouc A water-gall, or weather-gall. 1824 O. Gregory Lessons Astronom. & Philos. (ed. 6) xxvi. 169 There is also often seen a fainter coloured bow, commonly called a water-gall, above the Rainbow. 1854 A. E. Baker Gloss. Northants. Words II. 385 Water-gall, a phenomenon, something like a second rainbow; said to prognosticate rainy weather. 1913 A. E. Bell Study Nat. Sci. in 13th Cent. (M. Lett. thesis, Univ. of Calif.) 63 From the treatment by Seneca there quoted it seems that this must refer to the broken rainbow or water-gall. 1925 ‘H. MacDiarmid’ Sangschaw 2 I saw yon antrin thing A watergaw wi' its chitterin' licht. 1998 S. Blackhall Bonsai Grower 61 Tunes that furled aroon his heid like the mist that wyved aroon Beinn a Bhuird, fan the wattergaw hung i the lift. †2. A hydatid or other fluid-filled cyst, esp. in the liver. Cf. water bladder n. (a) at water n. Compounds 11. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of pigs > [noun] swine-sought?c1475 water-gall1582 measles1587 swinepox1587 gargarism1607 measlesa1637 rangen1688 milt-pain1704 choler1729 hog pox1730 gall1736 thirst1736 cholera1837 black tooth1851 hog plague1858 swine plague1863 purple1867 swine fever1877 soldier disease1878 soldier1882 swine erysipelas1887 Aujeszky's disease1906 swine flu1919 swine influenza1920 African swine fever1935 baby pig disease1941 swine vesicular disease1972 SVD1973 1582 S. Batman Vppon Bartholome, De Proprietatibus Rerum v. xxxix. f. 57^v/2 (Addition) Yet may the lyuer haue many and diuers infirmities, as heate, water galls, kernells and opilations. 1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 685 Sometimes there appeare [in swine] certaine blathers in the liuer of water, which are called water-gals. 1749 W. Ellis Compl. Syst. Improvem. Sheep ii. 178 Water-Galls, found in the Body of dead Sheep, that 'twas thought would have turn'd to a Red-water. †3. An area of boggy ground. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > marsh, bog, or swamp > [noun] > wet place, mire, or slough sloughc900 mooreOE letch1138 mire1219 sougha1300 dew1377 slop?a1400 flashc1440 slothc1440 slonk1488 slot?a1500 rilling1610 slab1610 water-gall1657 slunkc1700 slack1719 mudhole1721 bog-hole1788 spew1794 wetness1805 stabble1821 slob1836 sludge1839 soak1839 mudbath1856 squire-trap1859 loblolly1865 glue-pot1892 swelter1894 poaching1920 1657 J. Beale Herefordshire Orchards 27 I never saw an Orchard prove, where the ground was wetted with a water-gall. 1664 J. Evelyn Sylva xviii. 38 The Alder is of all other the most faithful lover of watery and boggy places, and those most despis'd weeping parts, or water-galls of Forests. 1688 P. Rycaut tr. G. de la Vega Royal Comm. Peru v. xxxiv. 827 This River, towards the Mountain, is fortified with great Water-galls, caused by the streams which fall from above. 1834 Miller's Dict. Gardening 129 Wherever it may be desirable to complete a prospect by extending plantations over sterile, cold ground, water-galls, or boggy swamps, no tree we know of is equal to the Alder. 1874 Amer. Farmer 3 163/1 Its [sc. under-drainage] necessity is shown by occasional spots known as water-galls, which continue too wet until they become too hard for the plow. 4. Perhaps: a flaw in a material or a manufactured article caused by the settling of water in a particular spot. rare.Inferred by N.E.D. (1923) from water-galled adj., but no evidence for this use has been found.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΚΠ 1923 N.E.D. Water-galled, having water-galls. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1573
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