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单词 water-gall
释义

water-galln.

Brit. /ˈwɔːtəˌɡɔːl/, U.S. /ˈwɔdərˌɡɔl/, /ˈwɑdərˌɡɑl/
Forms: 1500s– water-gall, 1600s water-gal; English regional (Isle of Wight) 1800s– water-geal; Scottish 1900s– water-gaw, 1900s– watter-gaw.
Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: water n., gall n.2
Etymology: < water n. + gall n.2 (with sense 3, compare gall n.2 5).Compare Middle Low German wātergalle secondary rainbow, German Wassergalle any of various excrescences or sores on a person's skin (a1541; 1460 in sense ‘stalactite or stalagmite’), watery bubble in the liver of swine (1587), secondary rainbow (17th cent.), flow in marble (1869 or earlier), the second element of which appears to show the cognate of gall n.2, although some senses may show a different second element. Much earlier currency of sense 3 is probably implied by the widely attested field name Watergall(e) (from the early 13th cent.), as well as by the following (it is likely that watergallis here represents the ablative plural of a post-classical Latin borrowing < Middle English):1285 in W. Brown Yorks. Deeds (1914) II. 198 (note) Cum toto prato suo falcabili, ut in capitibus, herbagiis, ranis, et watergallis. English regional water-gull (late 19th cent.), in sense 1, appears to show a folk-etymological alteration of this word (perhaps after gull n.3) rather than a variant of it.
1. A secondary or imperfectly-formed rainbow; (more widely) any of various phenomena in the clouds and sky that are believed to be portents of approaching rain. Also in extended use. regional in later use (now chiefly Scottish). Cf. weather-gall n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > rainbow > [noun] > imperfectly formed
water-gall1573
weather-gall1621
sun dog1635
weather-dog1758
wind-gall1823
wind-dog1860
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > light > chromatism > [noun] > rainbow > part or fragment of
water-gall1573
weather-gall1621
wind-gall1823
wind-dog1860
1573 T. Twyne tr. Virgil in T. Phaer & T. Twyne tr. Virgil Whole .xii. Bks. Æneidos xii. sig. Nnv Like as a rocke that from a loftie mount doth headlonge fall, Enforst with rage of wind, or els with shoures, and water gall.
1594 W. Shakespeare Lucrece sig. L2v And round about her teare-distained eye Blew circles stream'd, like Rain-bows in the skie. These watergalls in her dim Element, Foretell new stormes. View more context for this quotation
a1676 M. Hale Primitive Originat. Mankind (1677) 16 As the Water-gall is the Image, Shadow, or weak Representation of the Rain-bow.
1744 H. Walpole Let. 29 June in Corr. (1954) XVIII. 466 False good news are always produced by true good, like the water gall by the rainbow.
1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine Transl. French Terms at Oeil de bouc A water-gall, or weather-gall.
1824 O. Gregory Lessons Astronom. & Philos. (ed. 6) xxvi. 169 There is also often seen a fainter coloured bow, commonly called a water-gall, above the Rainbow.
1854 A. E. Baker Gloss. Northants. Words II. 385 Water-gall, a phenomenon, something like a second rainbow; said to prognosticate rainy weather.
1913 A. E. Bell Study Nat. Sci. in 13th Cent. (M. Lett. thesis, Univ. of Calif.) 63 From the treatment by Seneca there quoted it seems that this must refer to the broken rainbow or water-gall.
1925 ‘H. MacDiarmid’ Sangschaw 2 I saw yon antrin thing A watergaw wi' its chitterin' licht.
1998 S. Blackhall Bonsai Grower 61 Tunes that furled aroon his heid like the mist that wyved aroon Beinn a Bhuird, fan the wattergaw hung i the lift.
2. A hydatid or other fluid-filled cyst, esp. in the liver. Cf. water bladder n. (a) at water n. Compounds 11. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of pigs > [noun]
swine-sought?c1475
water-gall1582
measles1587
swinepox1587
gargarism1607
measlesa1637
rangen1688
milt-pain1704
choler1729
hog pox1730
gall1736
thirst1736
cholera1837
black tooth1851
hog plague1858
swine plague1863
purple1867
swine fever1877
soldier disease1878
soldier1882
swine erysipelas1887
Aujeszky's disease1906
swine flu1919
swine influenza1920
African swine fever1935
baby pig disease1941
swine vesicular disease1972
SVD1973
1582 S. Batman Vppon Bartholome, De Proprietatibus Rerum v. xxxix. f. 57v/2 (Addition) Yet may the lyuer haue many and diuers infirmities, as heate, water galls, kernells and opilations.
1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 685 Sometimes there appeare [in swine] certaine blathers in the liuer of water, which are called water-gals.
1749 W. Ellis Compl. Syst. Improvem. Sheep ii. 178 Water-Galls, found in the Body of dead Sheep, that 'twas thought would have turn'd to a Red-water.
3. An area of boggy ground. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > landscape > marsh, bog, or swamp > [noun] > wet place, mire, or slough
sloughc900
mooreOE
letch1138
mire1219
sougha1300
dew1377
slop?a1400
flashc1440
slothc1440
slonk1488
slot?a1500
rilling1610
slab1610
water-gall1657
slunkc1700
slack1719
mudhole1721
bog-hole1788
spew1794
wetness1805
stabble1821
slob1836
sludge1839
soak1839
mudbath1856
squire-trap1859
loblolly1865
glue-pot1892
swelter1894
poaching1920
1657 J. Beale Herefordshire Orchards 27 I never saw an Orchard prove, where the ground was wetted with a water-gall.
1664 J. Evelyn Sylva xviii. 38 The Alder is of all other the most faithful lover of watery and boggy places, and those most despis'd weeping parts, or water-galls of Forests.
1688 P. Rycaut tr. G. de la Vega Royal Comm. Peru v. xxxiv. 827 This River, towards the Mountain, is fortified with great Water-galls, caused by the streams which fall from above.
1834 Miller's Dict. Gardening 129 Wherever it may be desirable to complete a prospect by extending plantations over sterile, cold ground, water-galls, or boggy swamps, no tree we know of is equal to the Alder.
1874 Amer. Farmer 3 163/1 Its [sc. under-drainage] necessity is shown by occasional spots known as water-galls, which continue too wet until they become too hard for the plow.
4. Perhaps: a flaw in a material or a manufactured article caused by the settling of water in a particular spot. rare.Inferred by N.E.D. (1923) from water-galled adj., but no evidence for this use has been found.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.
ΚΠ
1923 N.E.D. Water-galled, having water-galls.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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