wapentaken.

Brit.

/ˈwɒp(ə)nteɪk/,

/ˈwap(ə)nteɪk/, U.S.

/ˈwæpənˌteɪk/,

/ˈwɑpənˌteɪk/

Forms: Old English wǽpengetæc (dative -tace), wǽpentake, wapentac, Middle English -tak, Middle English wapnetake, wepentake, Middle English wapyntak, Middle English–1600s wapentache (Middle English -tage, 1600s weapontack, weapontage, weepentack), 1500s–1600s wapentack, (1700s wapentac), 1500s–1700s wappentake, (1500s wapintake, 1700s waking take), Middle English– wapentake; (Middle English wepyntale, wepyntaille).

Origin: A borrowing from early Scandinavian. Etymon: Norse vápnatak.

Etymology: < Old Norse vápnatak, < vápna genitive plural of vápn weapon n. + tak act of taking (related to taka to take v.). The late Old English wǽpengetæc shows assimilation of form to native compounds like wǽpengewrixle exchange of blows. The recorded senses of the word in Old Norse are: (1) a vote of consent expressed by waving or brandishing weapons; (2) a vote or resolution of a deliberative assembly; (3) in Iceland, the breaking up of the session of the Althingi, when the members resumed their weapons that had been laid aside during the sittings. In English there is no trace of these senses, and the development of the actual sense can only be explained conjecturally. It is noteworthy that ‘wapentakes’, like ‘hundreds’, often received their names from some natural or artificial object (e.g. a barrow or a tree) which afforded a suitable rallying-place for open-air meetings. Assuming that in England wapentake originally meant the act of signifying assent at a public assembly, it seems not improbable that the men of the district whose place of meeting was (e.g.) at Osgod's Cross might be said to belong to ‘the wapentake of Osgod's Cross (Osgoldcross)’; the use of the word to denote a territorial division would thus be sufficiently accounted for.

Now Historical.

a. A subdivision of certain English shires, corresponding to the ‘hundred’ (hundred n. and adj. 5) of other counties.The shires which had divisions so termed were Yorkshire, Derbyshire, Nottinghamshire, Lincolnshire, Northamptonshire, and Leicestershire; in all of which the Danish element in the population was large. In Derbyshire there was latterly only one wapentake (that of Wirksworth), the other divisions of the shire being termed ‘hundreds’. In Lincolnshire most of the county divisions were ‘wapentakes’, but a few were called ‘hundreds’ and ‘sokes’. Traces of the existence of the term remained in popular use in other counties, as Cumberland (now a part of Cumbria) and Cheshire, into the 20th cent.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > territorial jurisdiction or areas subject to > an administrative division of territory > [noun] > administrative divisions in Britain > wapentake

wapentakec1000

c1000 Laws of Edgar iv. c. vi. (Lieberm.) & ælc mon mid heora gewitnysse bigcge & sylle ælc þara ceapa, þe he bigcge oððe sylle aþer oððe burge oððe on wæpengetace.

c1000 Laws of Ethelred iii. c. i. §2 (Lieberm.) On wæpentake.

1086 Domesday Bk. (1783) I. f. 272/2 (heading) [Phillimore: Derbyshire 1. 1] Scarvedele wapentac... Hammenstan wapent̃.

1086 Domesday Bk. (1783) I. f. 290/1 (heading) [Philllimore: Notts. 15. 4] Brocolvestov wapent̃... Bernesedelav wap̃.

1086 Domesday Bk. (1783) I. f. 315/1 (heading) [Phillimore: Yorkshire (West Riding) 9 W. 1] Siraches wapentac.

a1325 MS. Rawl. B. 520 lf. 46 On þusse manere sullen þe enquerours gon fram wapnetake to wapnet[ake].

1326 Rolls of Parl. II. 10/1 Et qe nule Baillie, ne Hundred, ne Wapentake, ne soit lesse a plus haut ferme qe les auncienes fermes.

1338 R. Mannyng Chron. (1725) 145 Þe bisshop of Durham bouht Saberg, with þe wapentake.

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1869) II. 97 Wepentake and an hondred is al oon, for þe contray of an hondred townes were i-woned to ȝilde vppe wepene in þe comynge of þe lord.

c1400 Brut i. 235 Kyng Edward [sc. Edw. II]..by his lettres ordeynede, þat euery hundred & wapentache of Engeland [etc.].

1444 Rolls of Parl. V. 110/1 That no Shirref lete to ferme..his Counte, ne noon of his Baillywykes, Hundreth' ne Wapentakes.

?1549 in J. Pettus Fodinæ Regales (1670) 95 The custom of the Mines within the Wappentake of Wricksworth.

1599 T. Nashe Lenten Stuffe 6 All the hundreds and wapentakes nine miles compasse, fetch the best of their viands and mangery from her market.

a1642 H. Best Farming & Memorandum Bks. (1984) 95 There is in every shiere soe many ridings, in everie riding soe many weapontackes.

1665 J. North in Extracts State Papers (Friends' Hist. Soc.) (1912) 3rd Ser. 234 To ympannell a Jury out of that weapontage out of such Townes, as are not within Doncaster liberty.

c1710 C. Fiennes Diary (1888) 183 Richmondshire has in it 5 waking takes as they call them.

1717 J. Gay Epist. W. Lowndes 12 Great L—— his praise should swell the trump of fame And Rapes and Wapentakes resound his name.

1767 T. Bridges Homer Travestie (ed. 2) I. 78 As for these various ragged packs Of rogues, from different weapon takes.

1770 Ann. Reg. 1769 66/2 One of the high constables of Osgoldcross was indicted for extorting..1250l. from twenty-five townships belonging to his wapentake.

1836 Penny Cycl. V. 238 The petty sessions for the wapentakes of Kirton and Skirbeck are held every Wednesday.

1837 J. R. McCulloch Statist. Acct. Brit. Empire I. i. i. 186 Nottinghamshire is divided into 6 wapentakes or hundreds.

1914 Victoria Hist. County York I. 36 The Wapentake of Gilling West containing the parishes of [etc.]... This wapentake was held by the successive lords of Richmondshire, which it followed in descent.

b. The judicial court of such a subdivision.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > judicial body, assembly, or court > [noun] > court of shire or part of shire

hundredc1000

shire?c1225

wapentakea1500

shire-moot1614

wapentake court1658

hundred-court1671

hundred-mote1839

a1500 in J. Raine Vol. Eng. Misc. N. Counties Eng. (1890) 59 Yffe any man..be sommonyd..to the wapyntak.

1612 J. Speed Theatre of Empire of Great Brit. i. xxx. 57/1 Aboue this, and held 12. times a yeere, was our Hundred or Wapentake.

1676 London Gaz. No. 1095/4 If any person or persons shall apprehend..the said Robbers, and give notice thereof to the Wapentack of Aslaccoe in the County of Lincoln..they shall have 50 l. reward.

1809 W. Bawdwen tr. Domesday Bk. 473 This belonged to St. Benedict of Ramsey, according to the testimony of the jurors of the wapentake [L. testimonium hominum de Wapentac].

1898 B. Kirkby Lakeland Words (at cited word) ‘If he doesn't pay up Ah'll set t' wapen-tack on tull him.’ This officer is reported to have existed in the town of Kendal till as late as 1836.

c. attributive: wapentake court, wapentake fine.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > judicial body, assembly, or court > [noun] > court of shire or part of shire

hundredc1000

shire?c1225

wapentakea1500

shire-moot1614

wapentake court1658

hundred-court1671

hundred-mote1839

1543 in J. R. Walbran Mem. Abbey St. Mary of Fountains (1863) I. 407 Paid to the exchetor..for Wapin take fyne callyd castle worke, iij^s. iiij^d.

1658 R. Hubberthorn Rec. Sufferings for Tythes 13 William Iackson for tythes of ten shillings value, had sixteen shillings taken by a judgment in the Weapontage-Court.

1874 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. v. §46 This court, the hundred-gemot or wapentake court, was held every month.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1921; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	wapentake
释义	wapentaken. Brit. /ˈwɒp(ə)nteɪk/, /ˈwap(ə)nteɪk/, U.S. /ˈwæpənˌteɪk/, /ˈwɑpənˌteɪk/ Forms: Old English wǽpengetæc (dative -tace), wǽpentake, wapentac, Middle English -tak, Middle English wapnetake, wepentake, Middle English wapyntak, Middle English–1600s wapentache (Middle English -tage, 1600s weapontack, weapontage, weepentack), 1500s–1600s wapentack, (1700s wapentac), 1500s–1700s wappentake, (1500s wapintake, 1700s waking take), Middle English– wapentake; (Middle English wepyntale, wepyntaille). Origin: A borrowing from early Scandinavian. Etymon: Norse vápnatak. Etymology: < Old Norse vápnatak, < vápna genitive plural of vápn weapon n. + tak act of taking (related to taka to take v.). The late Old English wǽpengetæc shows assimilation of form to native compounds like wǽpengewrixle exchange of blows. The recorded senses of the word in Old Norse are: (1) a vote of consent expressed by waving or brandishing weapons; (2) a vote or resolution of a deliberative assembly; (3) in Iceland, the breaking up of the session of the Althingi, when the members resumed their weapons that had been laid aside during the sittings. In English there is no trace of these senses, and the development of the actual sense can only be explained conjecturally. It is noteworthy that ‘wapentakes’, like ‘hundreds’, often received their names from some natural or artificial object (e.g. a barrow or a tree) which afforded a suitable rallying-place for open-air meetings. Assuming that in England wapentake originally meant the act of signifying assent at a public assembly, it seems not improbable that the men of the district whose place of meeting was (e.g.) at Osgod's Cross might be said to belong to ‘the wapentake of Osgod's Cross (Osgoldcross)’; the use of the word to denote a territorial division would thus be sufficiently accounted for. Now Historical. a. A subdivision of certain English shires, corresponding to the ‘hundred’ (hundred n. and adj. 5) of other counties.The shires which had divisions so termed were Yorkshire, Derbyshire, Nottinghamshire, Lincolnshire, Northamptonshire, and Leicestershire; in all of which the Danish element in the population was large. In Derbyshire there was latterly only one wapentake (that of Wirksworth), the other divisions of the shire being termed ‘hundreds’. In Lincolnshire most of the county divisions were ‘wapentakes’, but a few were called ‘hundreds’ and ‘sokes’. Traces of the existence of the term remained in popular use in other counties, as Cumberland (now a part of Cumbria) and Cheshire, into the 20th cent. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > territorial jurisdiction or areas subject to > an administrative division of territory > [noun] > administrative divisions in Britain > wapentake wapentakec1000 c1000 Laws of Edgar iv. c. vi. (Lieberm.) & ælc mon mid heora gewitnysse bigcge & sylle ælc þara ceapa, þe he bigcge oððe sylle aþer oððe burge oððe on wæpengetace. c1000 Laws of Ethelred iii. c. i. §2 (Lieberm.) On wæpentake. 1086 Domesday Bk. (1783) I. f. 272/2 (heading) [Phillimore: Derbyshire 1. 1] Scarvedele wapentac... Hammenstan wapent̃. 1086 Domesday Bk. (1783) I. f. 290/1 (heading) [Philllimore: Notts. 15. 4] Brocolvestov wapent̃... Bernesedelav wap̃. 1086 Domesday Bk. (1783) I. f. 315/1 (heading) [Phillimore: Yorkshire (West Riding) 9 W. 1] Siraches wapentac. a1325 MS. Rawl. B. 520 lf. 46 On þusse manere sullen þe enquerours gon fram wapnetake to wapnet[ake]. 1326 Rolls of Parl. II. 10/1 Et qe nule Baillie, ne Hundred, ne Wapentake, ne soit lesse a plus haut ferme qe les auncienes fermes. 1338 R. Mannyng Chron. (1725) 145 Þe bisshop of Durham bouht Saberg, with þe wapentake. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1869) II. 97 Wepentake and an hondred is al oon, for þe contray of an hondred townes were i-woned to ȝilde vppe wepene in þe comynge of þe lord. c1400 Brut i. 235 Kyng Edward [sc. Edw. II]..by his lettres ordeynede, þat euery hundred & wapentache of Engeland [etc.]. 1444 Rolls of Parl. V. 110/1 That no Shirref lete to ferme..his Counte, ne noon of his Baillywykes, Hundreth' ne Wapentakes. ?1549 in J. Pettus Fodinæ Regales (1670) 95 The custom of the Mines within the Wappentake of Wricksworth. 1599 T. Nashe Lenten Stuffe 6 All the hundreds and wapentakes nine miles compasse, fetch the best of their viands and mangery from her market. a1642 H. Best Farming & Memorandum Bks. (1984) 95 There is in every shiere soe many ridings, in everie riding soe many weapontackes. 1665 J. North in Extracts State Papers (Friends' Hist. Soc.) (1912) 3rd Ser. 234 To ympannell a Jury out of that weapontage out of such Townes, as are not within Doncaster liberty. c1710 C. Fiennes Diary (1888) 183 Richmondshire has in it 5 waking takes as they call them. 1717 J. Gay Epist. W. Lowndes 12 Great L—— his praise should swell the trump of fame And Rapes and Wapentakes resound his name. 1767 T. Bridges Homer Travestie (ed. 2) I. 78 As for these various ragged packs Of rogues, from different weapon takes. 1770 Ann. Reg. 1769 66/2 One of the high constables of Osgoldcross was indicted for extorting..1250l. from twenty-five townships belonging to his wapentake. 1836 Penny Cycl. V. 238 The petty sessions for the wapentakes of Kirton and Skirbeck are held every Wednesday. 1837 J. R. McCulloch Statist. Acct. Brit. Empire I. i. i. 186 Nottinghamshire is divided into 6 wapentakes or hundreds. 1914 Victoria Hist. County York I. 36 The Wapentake of Gilling West containing the parishes of [etc.]... This wapentake was held by the successive lords of Richmondshire, which it followed in descent. b. The judicial court of such a subdivision. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > judicial body, assembly, or court > [noun] > court of shire or part of shire hundredc1000 shire?c1225 wapentakea1500 shire-moot1614 wapentake court1658 hundred-court1671 hundred-mote1839 a1500 in J. Raine Vol. Eng. Misc. N. Counties Eng. (1890) 59 Yffe any man..be sommonyd..to the wapyntak. 1612 J. Speed Theatre of Empire of Great Brit. i. xxx. 57/1 Aboue this, and held 12. times a yeere, was our Hundred or Wapentake. 1676 London Gaz. No. 1095/4 If any person or persons shall apprehend..the said Robbers, and give notice thereof to the Wapentack of Aslaccoe in the County of Lincoln..they shall have 50 l. reward. 1809 W. Bawdwen tr. Domesday Bk. 473 This belonged to St. Benedict of Ramsey, according to the testimony of the jurors of the wapentake [L. testimonium hominum de Wapentac]. 1898 B. Kirkby Lakeland Words (at cited word) ‘If he doesn't pay up Ah'll set t' wapen-tack on tull him.’ This officer is reported to have existed in the town of Kendal till as late as 1836. c. attributive: wapentake court, wapentake fine. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > judicial body, assembly, or court > [noun] > court of shire or part of shire hundredc1000 shire?c1225 wapentakea1500 shire-moot1614 wapentake court1658 hundred-court1671 hundred-mote1839 1543 in J. R. Walbran Mem. Abbey St. Mary of Fountains (1863) I. 407 Paid to the exchetor..for Wapin take fyne callyd castle worke, iij^s. iiij^d. 1658 R. Hubberthorn Rec. Sufferings for Tythes 13 William Iackson for tythes of ten shillings value, had sixteen shillings taken by a judgment in the Weapontage-Court. 1874 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. v. §46 This court, the hundred-gemot or wapentake court, was held every month. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1921; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.c1000
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