warnn.
/wɔːn/, U.S. /wɔrn/ΘΚΠ
society > communication > information > intimation or making known > [noun] > of something about to happen
warna1400
society > communication > indication > [noun] > an indication or sign > of change or danger > of something about to happen
warna1400
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 11133 He fand wit-vten oþer warn þat þis leuedi was wit barn.
a1400 Cato's Distichs (Fairf.) l. 264 in R. Morris Cursor Mundi (1878) III. App. iv. 1672 Hope ay of gode hap to come wiþ a gode clap wiþ-out ani warne.
2. poetic. Warning.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > danger > warning of imminent danger or evil > [noun]
warningOE
warnishinga1400
monition?a1475
premonition1533
animadvertencec1550
preadmonition1652
animadvertisement1655
forewarning1659
premunition1693
warna1851
warnishment1894
a1851 D. M. Moir Poet. Wks. (1852) II. 283 The moat o'erpassed, at warn of bell, Down thundering the portcullis fell.
Compounds
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > danger > warning of imminent danger or evil > [noun] > a warning sign, event, etc. > word of warning
warn-word1602
alarm word1722
1602 R. Parsons (title) The warn-word to Sir Francis Hastinges Wast-word.
1628 R. Sanderson Two Serm. Paules-Crosse i. 47 The whole Chapter is none other but a warne-word against vnthankfulnesse.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1921; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
warnv.1
/wɔːn/, U.S. /wɔrn/ 1. intransitive and reflexive. To take heed, be on one's guard, beware. Only Old English
ΚΠ
c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Luke (Corpus Cambr.) xi. 35 Warna þæt þæt leoht þe ðe on is ne syn þystru.
c1000 Ælfric in Lamb. Hom. 301 Heo [sc. þet sidefulle wif] hi warnað [c1175 (111) wernað] wið druncennysse.
II. To make aware, to put on one's guard.† 8. To give (a person) notice to leave his employment or tenancy. Also to warn out. Obsolete (but see warning n.1 6).
2. Proverbs.1546 J. Heywood Dialogue Prouerbes Eng. Tongue ii. vi. sig. Iii Half warnd half armd.a1550 in R. Dyboski Songs, Carols & Other Misc. Poems (1908) 128 He that is warned beffore, is not begiled.1591 J. Harington tr. L. Ariosto Orlando Furioso xiii. xlvii. 99 The Prouerb saith, one that is warn'd is armd.1700 J. Dryden Chaucer's Cock & Fox in Fables 253 Once warn'd is well bewar'd.
a. transitive. To give timely notice to (a person) of impending danger or misfortune.Const. of, against (Old English and early Middle English wið) or subordinate clause. to warn off: to keep away (from danger) by timely notice.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > danger > warning of imminent danger or evil > warn (a person) of imminent danger or evil [verb (transitive)]
warnc1000
forewarnc1330
monisha1382
premonisha1530
awarn1590
preadmonish1632
prewarna1637
preadvise1651
alarm1663
advertise1825
to give (or get) the (also a) wire1897
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > advice > advise [verb (transitive)] > admonish > warn of or against
warnc1000
warnc1000
warn1303
advertise1431
advise?c1450
admonish1546
dissuade?c1550
to set a watchword upona1586
diswarn1608
discounsel1629
disadvise1636
caveat1667
warn1765
precaution1768
c1000 Ælfric Homilies II. 166 Ða sende Benedictus swiðe hrædlice and warnode ða gebroðra wið þæs deofles to-cyme.
a1023 Wulfstan Homilies xii. 79 Þæt hy godes folc warnian gelome wið þone egesan, þe mannum is towerd.
a1122 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) ann. 992 Ða sende se ealdorman Ælfric & het warnian þone here.
a1200 Moral Ode 226 in Old Eng. Hom. I. 173 Ich hit wille seggen þan þe hit hom solf nusten Warni hom wið hore unfrome ȝif ho me wulleð lusten.
a1200 Moral Ode 226 in Old Eng. Hom. I. 228 Ich wulle tellen of helle pin and wernin ow wið herme.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 3981 For Iulius Cesar. of his hærme wæs wær a-buten mid-nihte. he warnede alle his cnihtes & to scipen ferden & fusden an veste.
a1300 Cursor Mundi 1731 Þe folk to preche for-gate he [Noe] noght, To warne þam of our lauerds wrake.
c1320 Cast. Love 390 Milce and merci he haþ for-loren, He was warned þer-of bi-foren.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 1091 Loth hem [sc. his sons-in-law] warnede wislike and wel, Oc he ne troweden him neuere a del.
c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women 2658 For In myne dremys it is warnede me How that myn Neuew shal myn bane be.
1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Rolls) VIII. 193 For he hadde i-warnede hym of meny myshappes þat schulde falle hem for his cruelnes... Also he hadde i-warnede hym þat he schulde regne but fourtene ȝere.
1445 tr. Claudian's De Consulatu Stilichonis in Anglia (1905) 28 273 Thaventurous knyȝte by thyn reporte is warnyd of his perellys.
1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur i. x. 47 I warne yow al, your enemyes are passyng strong for yow.
a1525 (c1448) R. Holland Bk. Howlat l. 975 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 125 All ȝour welth will away Thus I warn ȝow.
1526 Bible (Tyndale) Matt. ii. f. iij Notwithstondynge after he was warned in hys slepe, he tourned a syde into the parties off galile.
1599 A. Hume Hymnes sig. E2v The godly Hezekiah king, was sick in great distres, And be the Prophete wairnd, that he sould neuer conuales.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iv. 6 O..that now, While time was, our first Parents had bin warnd The coming of thir secret foe, and scap'd..his mortal snare. View more context for this quotation
1794 A. Radcliffe Myst. of Udolpho I. vi. 183 They say it often comes to warn people of their death.
1859 Ld. Tennyson Elaine in Idylls of King 161 He learnt and warn'd me of their fierce design Against my house.
1860 Ld. Tennyson Sea Dreams 128 And then I fear'd Lest the gay navy there should splinter on it, And fearing waved my arm to warn them off.
b. absol.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > danger > warning of imminent danger or evil > warn [verb (intransitive)]
warna1000
premonish1549
to put in or enter a caveat1755
a1000 Sax. Leechd. III. 196 Swefnu binnon þrim dagum beoð onwrigene hwilan to warnienne.
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 139 Sechnesse..Weorreð [c1230 Corpus wardeð] a ȝein þeo [sc. sins] þe beoð towart.
1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (Bodl.) (1495) xii. xxxiii. 124 b/2 [Þe] sparowe dredeþ þe wesell and cryeþ and warneþ ȝif awesel come [L. presentiam ejus prodit].
3. To put (a person) on his guard, to caution against some person or thing as dangerous.†Formerly const. of, from.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > danger > warning of imminent danger or evil > warn (a person) of imminent danger or evil [verb (transitive)] > put (a person) on his guard
warn?c1225
ware1634
caution1683
admonish1785
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 45 Al þulli þe haligast lette writen on boke for to warni wimmen of hare fol echnen.
1399 W. Langland Richard Redeles iv. 77 [They] blamed þe maister, Þat knewe not þe kynde cours þat to þe crafte longid, And warned him wisely of þe wedir-side.
1422 J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. 195 She was all venym; And yef I had not varnyte the therof at the furste tuching she had shent the.
1577 T. Kendall tr. Politianus et al. Flowers of Epigrammes f. 62 Warnde of my foe, I shunne my foe.
1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III i. iii. 296 What doest thou scorne me for my gentle counsell, And sooth the diuell that I warne thee from. View more context for this quotation
1773 J. Hawkesworth Acct. Voy. Southern Hemisphere II. i. iv. 48 Dr. Solander himself was the first who found the inclination, against which he had warned others, irresistible.
1809 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 21 404 This..will for ever operate as a friendly beacon to warn..anatomists and surgeons, against a hasty or superficial dissection of a dead body.
1860 Ld. Tennyson Sea Dreams 69 Ah love, there surely lives in man and beast Something divine to warn them of their foes.
4. absolute.c1450 Jacob's Well (1900) 202 Ȝif þou seest thefte be do,..& wylt noȝt telle, warne, ne speke, whan þou myȝt lettyn it.1781 W. Cowper Expostulation 441 The priestly brotherhood..Prompt to persuade, expostulate, and warn.1807 W. Wordsworth Poems I. 15 A perfect Woman; nobly plann'd, To warn, to comfort, and command.absolute.c1440 Alphabet of Tales 22 And he warnyd þat on no wyse no man sulde know þat it wer a womman.1526 Bible (Tyndale) Gal. ii. 10 Then Iames, Cephas and Iohn..agreed with vs, that we shuld preache amonge the Hethen, and they amonge the Iewes: warnynge only that we shulde remember the poore.† c. Const. of. Obsolete.† d. Const. from.
a. To give (a person) cautionary notice or advice with regard to actions or conduct; to caution against neglect of duty or against wrong or mistaken action or belief.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > advice > give advice [verb (intransitive)] > give cautionary advice
warnc1000
to put in or enter a caveat1577
caution1641
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > advice > advise [verb (transitive)] > admonish > warn of or against
warnc1000
warnc1000
warn1303
advertise1431
advise?c1450
admonish1546
dissuade?c1550
to set a watchword upona1586
diswarn1608
discounsel1629
disadvise1636
caveat1667
warn1765
precaution1768
c1000 Ælfric Lives Saints xvii. 72 Forðan butan ic eow warnige and þone wol eow forbeode ic sceal agyldan gescead þam soðfæstan deman.
c1175 Lamb. Hom. 117 Gif þu wernast þane unrihtwise mon and he nule icherran from his sunnan þurh þe.
c1200 Vices & Virtues 11 Ðar ic ðe scal undernemen mid ða ilche wordes ðe ðu ofte hafst ȝeherd for ðe te warnien.
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 197 Inþulliche fondinge nis nanse wis ne se war. bute ȝef god him warni þet nis bi giled oðer hwile.
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1874) V. 425 He was afterward i-warned by febilnesse of his body, and þo he was i-cristenede.
c1400 Rule St. Benet xlviii. 33 Þai sal be warnid ane tyme, and a-noþir time. Yef sho wil noht a-mende, Man sal take suilk amendis of hir.
1530 Myroure Oure Ladye (Fawkes) (1873) i. 31 Often tymes when other were moste besy in prayer, he wente out and wandryd aboute,..whan his abbot had often warned hym, and he amendyd not.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Psalms ii. 10 Be wyse now therfore (o ye kynges) be warned, ye that are iudges of the earth.
1581 in Southampton Court Leet Rec. (1905) I. ii. 206 Wherof we have thought good to amerse them at 2/6, for that they have byne often tymes warrened and no redresse.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 121 Sheep, Oxen, Horses fall; and..lie. 'Till warn'd by frequent ills, the way they found, To lodge their loathsom Carrion underground. View more context for this quotation
1780 W. Cowper Progress of Error 35 Divine authority within his breast..Warns him or prompts, approves him or restrains.
1852 W. M. Thackeray Henry Esmond I. ix. 201 [He] marshalled the village boys,..domineering over them with a fine imperious spirit that made his father laugh when he beheld it, and his mother fondly warn him.
b. Const. against; also with infinitive or subordinate clause, or †double object.
ΚΠ
c1000 Ælfric Lives Saints xvii. 68 Gelome ic eow warnode and..cuðlice manode þat ge andsætan wiglunge þe unwise men healdað mid ealle forlætan.
c1290 Beket 1078 in S. Eng. Leg. 137 Þo it was to-war[d] eue twei seriaunz þare come, Sore weopinde, and warnede him þat he sum red him nome.
1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 229 I speke it for no mannes blame, Bot forto warne thee the same.
1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis II. 49 And warneth alle for mi sake, Of love that thei ben noght ydel.
a1425 tr. Arderne's Treat. Fistula 26 Bot warne þe lech þe pacient that he dispose hym so þat he remoue noȝt þe medycyne.
a1450 Mirk's Festial 199 And þagh hit [St. Margaret's Day] be a lyȝt holyday..I warne you..þat ȝe wol fast hor evyn.
1530 Myroure Oure Ladye (Fawkes) (1873) i. 37 They [sc. the psalms] warne the riche to knowe themself and not to be prowde.
1540 J. Palsgrave tr. G. Gnapheus Comedye of Acolastus i. iii. sig. Fiij My father wyll neuer geue me this money, but he wyll first warne me..that I shall not waste it prodigallye.
1594 T. Kyd tr. R. Garnier Cornelia v. 95 Caesar..euery Regiment warn'd with a worde Brauely to fight for honor of the day.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iii. 185 The rest shall hear me call, and oft be warnd Thir sinful state, and to appease betimes Th' incensed Deitie, while offerd grace Invites. View more context for this quotation
1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant ii. 39 I warn also those that come to Aleppo that they fail not to see the Birds of Grandouilles.
1718 M. Prior Solomon on Vanity ii, in Poems Several Occasions (new ed.) 466 The Father, whilst he warn'd his erring Son, The sad Examples which He ought to shun, Describ'd, and only nam'd not, Solomon.
a1719 J. Addison Dialogues Medals in Wks. (1721) I. i. 446 I must only warn you, that you do not charge your Coins with more uses than they can bear.
1782 W. Cowper Hope in Poems 159 The screaming nations..seem to warn him never to repeat His bold intrusion on their dark retreat.
1846 A. Marsh Father Darcy II. xvii. 295 His page delivered a letter..It warned him not to attend in his place in parliament.
1852 W. Collins Basil III. i. 6 You..may be tempted to tear up my letter, and throw it from you unread. I warn you not to do so; I warn you to read what I have written.
1852 W. Collins Basil III. i. 74 Be warned, therefore, against seeking a false hope in the belief that my faculties are shaken.
1856 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. (1858) I. iii. 266 The ambassador warned him on peril of his life to deal no further with such things.
1868 W. Morris Earthly Paradise Prol. 33 Yet, fellows, must I warn you not to shout Ere we have left the troublous wood behind.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > advice > advise [verb (transitive)] > admonish > warn of or against
warnc1000
warnc1000
warn1303
advertise1431
advise?c1450
admonish1546
dissuade?c1550
to set a watchword upona1586
diswarn1608
discounsel1629
disadvise1636
caveat1667
warn1765
precaution1768
1303 R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne 6905 And y warne ȝow alle of o þyng, Forþenkeþ nat of ȝoure almess-ȝyuyng.
1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. v. 214 His wyf warnede him þo of wikkednesse and of sinne.
c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 72 Þe kirk makiþ lawis; and schuld wern men þer of, þat þei offendid not þer in.
?1499 J. Skelton Bowge of Courte (de Worde) sig. Aiv But of one thynge I werne you er I goo She that styreth the shyp make her your frende.
1541 T. Elyot Image of Gouernance xvi. f. 29v Than sadlye and with a wonderfull grauitie, he wolde admonest or warn him of his lacke in diligence.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > advice > advise [verb (transitive)] > admonish > warn of or against
warnc1000
warnc1000
warn1303
advertise1431
advise?c1450
admonish1546
dissuade?c1550
to set a watchword upona1586
diswarn1608
discounsel1629
disadvise1636
caveat1667
warn1765
precaution1768
1765 Museum Rusticum 4 264 When I began farming, I was warned from expecting profit, by two different sets of people.
5. To inform, notify. Now only in restricted use, to notify of something requiring attention.absolute.a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvi. viii. 833 It is yseyd þat þis stoon warneþ of venour [read venom; L. dicitur..venena deprehendere] as electrum doþ.1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. ii. sig. B3 And chearefull Chaunticlere with his note shrill Had warned once, that Phoebus fiery carre, In hast was climbing vp the Easterne hill.† b. To tell (a person) when it is time to do something. Obsolete.† c. to warn custos: in school language, to inform the ‘custos’ or monitor of a misdemeanour: in quot. in indirect passive. Obsolete.
a. To inform or notify of something actual.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > information > intimation or making known > intimate or make known (something) [verb (transitive)]
speakc825
areadc885
meldeOE
sayOE
yknowa1225
warnc1275
bekena1300
wraya1300
signifyc1325
declarec1340
to speak outc1384
discuss1389
notifyc1390
bida1400
advertise1447
notice1447
detectc1465
render1481
minister1536
to set outa1540
summonc1540
intimate1548
acquaint1609
phrase1614
voice1629
denote1660
unlade1717
apprise1817
aira1902
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 15293 And al þat he auunde in þan lufte & bi þan grunde. þurh ælches cunnes þing he warnede æuere Ædwine king.
1340–70 Alex. & Dind. 205 But litil leue we þat lud, i þe warne.
1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. v. 30 He warnede watte his wyf was to blame, Þat hire hed was worþ a Mark.
c1384 G. Chaucer Hous of Fame 893 Now see..yonde adovne Wher that thou knowest any tovne..And whan thou hast of ought knowynge Looke that thou warne me And y anoon shall telle the How fer that thou art now therfro.
1389 in Eng. Gilds 5 Ȝif eny of þe brethren..be chosen wardein in þe bretherhede,..he shal take þe charge al-sone as he is warned þerof.
c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) xxviii. 128 Þe emperour þat was warned of þaire fleyng lay before þam with his oste.
c1480 (a1400) St. Paul 729 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 50 For is na payne, we wele þe [sc. Nero] warne, In life sa gret as to ber barne.
a1505 R. Henryson Test. Cresseid 359 in Poems (1981) 122 Ane chyld come fra the hall To warne Cresseid the supper was reddy.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 772/1 I warne one of a mater in processe, je intime... No man hath warned me yet.
1836 C. Dickens Sketches by Boz 1st Ser. I. 132 The deathlike stillness of the street without..warns him that the night is waning fast away.
1871 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (1876) IV. xviii. 114 Count Eustace (of Boulogne) was warned that the wished for moment was come.
1880 L. Parr Adam & Eve II. 25 The clock warned them it was time to get ready.
1886 C. Scholl Phraseol. Dict. II. 832 The broker did not warn us of the arrival of the vessel.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > information > intimation or making known > intimate or make known (something) [verb (transitive)] > tell (a person) when time to do something
warnc1325
c1325 Chron. Eng. 507 When the on condle wes ydo, The aht tiden weren alsuo; The kyng he warnede by thon, Hys purpos ariht to don.
1539–40 in Devon Notes & Queries (1903) Oct. 238 Payed to a man for his labor to warne the lymers to bryng more lyme when ther lyme was almost don.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Pastorals vi, in tr. Virgil Wks. 30 Now the setting Sun had warn'd the Swain To call his counted Cattle from the Plain.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > information > intimation or making known > intimate or make known [phrase]
to warn beforec1275
in warningc1370
to warn custos1558
to give (also to have) notice1582
to give warning of1611
1558 R. Ramsey Serm. Child Bishop in Camden Misc. (1875) VII. 28 Yf a scoler in the gramer scole speak false Lattyn or Englysh forbyddyn, he is takyn withall of one or the other and warnyd custos to be beatyn.
1558 R. Ramsey Serm. Child Bishop in Camden Misc. (1875) VII. 28 Let them be first warnyd custos, or wrong by the ears for it, and after be correctyd as the custos is usyd.
d. To give previous notice to. More definitely †to warn before (obsolete). Const. with of, subordinate clause, or infinitive.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > information > intimation or making known > intimate or make known [phrase]
to warn beforec1275
in warningc1370
to warn custos1558
to give (also to have) notice1582
to give warning of1611
society > communication > information > intimation or making known > intimate or make known (something) [verb (transitive)] > in advance
warnc1275
warnisha1400
premonisha1530
pre-advertise1611
pre-intimate1788
tip1891
c1275 Laȝamon Brut 22059 Leteþ blowe bumes warnie cnihtes..Þat ich faren wolle.
1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 1056 We ssolle hom warni of oure þoȝt ar we þanne wende.
c1330 Otuel (Auch.) (1882) 1691 Otuwel..warende fore a non þo Rouland & oliuer bo.
c1384 G. Chaucer Hous of Fame 1559 I werne yow hit, quod she anon, Ye gete of me good fame non.
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1872) IV. 385 Oon of his prisoneres þat was konnynge in devyne warned hym þat he schulde sone be delyvered out of prisoun.
1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. xviii. 97 Astronomyens al day in here art faillen, That whilom warned men by-fore what shoulde by-falle after.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 10933 Speke we of sir zakary How þe aungel him coom to warn He shulde haue Ion þat sely barn.
c1440 York Myst. xxii. 84 Þi biddyng will I noȝt full-fill, Þat warne I þe.
1483 in G. Neilson & H. Paton Acts Lords of Council Civil Causes (1918) II. Introd. p. cxiv The day that he was warnit to ressave the some conteint in his said reversione.
1534 Abstr. Protocols Town Clerks of Glasgow (1897) IV. 67 Allane C…hes warnyt Janet Boyd, at hyr awn dwelling place within Glasgow, to rasaef ane hundretht merk..upon Wytsunday evyn.
1551 Rental Bk. Cupar-Angus (1880) II. 71 Our said place at all tymes salbe..reddy to ws..als oft as it salhappyn ws..to cum thairto..we warnand thame thairto xxiiij houris warnyng of befor.
1847 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair (1848) xli. 369 The mourning being ready, and Sir Pitt Crawley warned of their arrival, Colonel Crawley and his wife took a couple of places in the..Highflyer coach.
1866 G. MacDonald Ann. Quiet Neighb. (1878) xxxi. 533 But I warn you I will call again very soon.
e. absol. or intransitive. Of a clock: To make the clicking or whirring noise which indicates that it is about to strike; to ‘give warning’. [So German warnen.] dialect.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > continuous or protracted sound > vibratory sound > [verb (intransitive)] > whirr > of clock
warn1846
1846 M. A. Richardson Local Historian's Table Bk. Hist. Div. V. 116 And just as the clock warned for twal' the hin'most game was concludet.
1885 W. Towers Poems 189 (E.D.D.) Hark! the clock is warning ten.
1894 H. Caine Manxman iii. xviii Every time the clock warned to strike, she felt one hour nearer her doom.
6. † b. to warn in: to order to come in. Obsolete.† g. absol. To notify a requirement, give an order for. Obsolete.
a. To notify of something commanded; to order under penalties.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > command > command or bidding > command [verb (transitive)]
i-bedea800
highteOE
bid971
bibedec1000
ordainc1325
warnc1380
commanda1382
tella1475
mand1483
wishc1515
hest1582
behight1591
order1609
mandate1623
warrant1632
c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 1808 We buþ y-sent to þe, Balan..to warnye þe by-forn, þe nayles þow scholdest him ȝelde aȝeyn..& elles þow gest a torn.
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1874) V. 153 He was i-warned by an aungel þat he schulde translate Clement his body.
c1420 Chron. Vilod. 2208 For by a uysione seynt Dunstone was y-warnot of þat cas Þat Alphege..Of Wynchester shulde bysshoppe y-sacrid be.
c1450 Mankind 516 in Macro Plays 20 Com a-gayn, I werne, as sone as I yow call.
1483 in G. Neilson & H. Paton Acts Lords of Council Civil Causes (1918) II. Introd. p. cxv That he..profferit the said some..to the said William the said day that he was warnit to.
c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 50 [He] gert warne all his obeysaunce of lombardye to mak thame redy to bataill.
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 1092 Pelleus full prestly the peopull did warne To appere in his presens.
1815 W. Scott Lord of Isles vi. v. 227 His royal summons warn'd the land, That all who own'd their King's command Should instant take the spear and brand, To combat at his side.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > command > command or bidding > command [verb (transitive)] > summon
lathec900
hightOE
clepec1000
ofclepeOE
ofsendOE
warna1250
callc1300
summonc1300
incalla1340
upcallc1340
summonda1400
becallc1400
ofgredec1400
require1418
assummonc1450
accitec1475
provoke1477
convey1483
mand1483
whistle1486
vocatec1494
wishc1515
to call up1530
citea1533
convent1540
convocate1542
prorogate1543
accersit1548
whistle for1560
advocatea1575
citate1581
evocate1639
demand1650
to warn in1654
summons1694
invoke1697
to send for1744
to turn up1752
requisition1800
whip1857
1654 B. Whitelocke Jrnl. Swedish Ambassy (1772) I. 176 So many waggons were warned in..because of the smalleness of them, and the great quantity of baggage and provision.
c. To notify (a person) to go from, out of (a place), away, thence.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > letting or sending out > let or send out [verb (transitive)] > expel > specific people from a place, position, or possession > notify a person of expulsion
warn1592
1592 Arden of Feversham i. 353 To warne him on the sudden from my house Were too confirme the rumour that is growne.
1697 J. Dryden Ded. Æneis in tr. Virgil Wks. sig. d2 He had already chidden the Rebellious Winds..: He had warn'd them from the Seas.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. 312 Now Hermes is employ'd from Jove's abode, To warn him hence.
1847 Ld. Tennyson Princess v. 110 He batter'd at the doors; none came: the next, An awful voice within had warn'd him thence.
1853 C. Dickens Bleak House lvii. 549 So having warned him out of London, I [Inspector Bucket] made an afternoon of it to warn him to keep out of it now he was away.
1868 L. M. Alcott Little Women I. vi. 92 She never saw Laurie mount guard in the hall, to warn the servants away.
d. to warn off: to notify (a person) to keep at a distance. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > advice > advise [verb (transitive)] > admonish > to keep away
to warn off1842
1842 Ld. Tennyson Love & Duty in Poems (new ed.) II. 85 For Love himself took part against himself To warn us off.
1853 C. Dickens Bleak House xxviii. 279 ‘Pray, Mr. Rouncewell,’ says my Lady, warning Sir Leicester off with the slightest gesture of her pretty hand, as if he were a fly, ‘explain to me what you mean.’
1858 E. M. Sewell Ursula I. x. 108 He warned her off admirably, not letting her know anything he chose to keep to himself.
e. To give notice to (a person) to keep off (private ground). Also with off adv. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > prohibition > prohibit [verb (transitive)] > give notice to keep off
warn1815
1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering I. iii. 39 There's Dunbog has warned the Red Rotten and John Young aff his grounds.
1848 Athenæum 10 June 579/3 Can the fact of Mr. Prior's having written a biography of Goldsmith give him the right to warn all others off the ground?
1863 E. C. Gaskell Dark Night's Work x. 176 Miss Monro stole out after the doctor to warn him off the subject for the future.
1872 J. Yeats Growth Commerce 303 All merchants being warned off from Indian commerce as poachers from a preserve.
1892 Photogr. Ann. II. 249 ‘Go for’ a building, and not hang around like a tramp to be..warned off by timid caretakers.
f. Horse Racing. to warn off the course: To prohibit (a defaulter against the laws of the Jockey Club) from riding or running horses at meetings under its jurisdiction. Also with off adv. The expression was finally deleted from the Jockey Club's Rules of Racing in 1969 when the Jockey Club and National Hunt Committee amalgamated, and the course and training grounds at Newmarket were transferred to the Newmarket Estates and Property Co. Ltd.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > racing or race > horse racing > ride horse in race [verb (transitive)] > prohibit defaulter from running or riding horse
to warn off the course1845
1845 Racing Cal. 1844 p. lii Samuel Rogers and John Braham were warned off the Course and exercising ground at Newmarket.
1856 ‘Stonehenge’ Man. Brit. Rural Sports ii. i. xiv. §4. 375 [The Stewards of the Jockey Club] have full power to warn off recusants [at Newmarket]... Other races are held under the same conditions as the Newmarket, but, being on public land, there is not often the power to warn off improper characters, as at Newmarket, Goodwood, and some few others.
1861 Sporting Rev. June 474 Mr. Bryan having admitted that he gave orders to his jockey to lose the race, it was resolved, ‘That Mr. Bryan be warned off the course at Newmarket, and other places where the Jockey Club have jurisdiction, for the year 1861.’
1900 A. Quiller-Couch Old Fires & Profitable Ghosts iii. 55 If I'd been warned off Newmarket Heath..shouldn't I feel just as you are feeling.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > acquisition > obtain or acquire [verb (intransitive)] > by entreaty > by ordering or booking
warn1530
indent1829
re-book1885
1530 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxf. (1880) 80 He had..brewed..xxxti quarters malt which they had warnyd for, and so they wold not receyve theyr ale at the tyme it was sent to them.
7. absolute.?a1562 G. Cavendish Life Wolsey (1959) 70 My lordes Officers caused the Truppettes to blowe to warne to Supper.1815 W. Scott Lord of Isles iv. xxix. 168 Brother, for little space, farewell! To other duties warns the bell.† b. To call, give notice of (a meeting). Obsolete.
a. To summon (a person to a duty, place, etc.). In later use chiefly, To summon officially; to command the attendance of. Now only Military.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > command > command or bidding > command [verb (transitive)] > summon
lathec900
hightOE
clepec1000
ofclepeOE
ofsendOE
warna1250
callc1300
summonc1300
incalla1340
upcallc1340
summonda1400
becallc1400
ofgredec1400
require1418
assummonc1450
accitec1475
provoke1477
convey1483
mand1483
whistle1486
vocatec1494
wishc1515
to call up1530
citea1533
convent1540
convocate1542
prorogate1543
accersit1548
whistle for1560
advocatea1575
citate1581
evocate1639
demand1650
to warn in1654
summons1694
invoke1697
to send for1744
to turn up1752
requisition1800
whip1857
a1250 Owl & Nightingale 330 Hwenne ich iseo arise veorre oþer day rewe oþer day steorre Ich do god mid mine þrote & warni men to hore note.
c1430 Chev. Assigne 190 Lette sommene þy folke... And she wendeth here adown & lette hem a-none warne.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 771/2 I warne a man to apere at a courte in judgement, je somme.
1550 R. Crowley One & Thyrtye Epigrammes sig. Bi When he should warne a guest in sessions to appeare.
1574 in A. Macdonald & J. Dennistoun Misc. Maitland Club (1833) I. 99 M. Symsone being wernit to ansuer the kirk super inquirendis.
1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III i. iii. 39 Madame we did: He desires to make attonement Betwixt the Duke of Glocester and your brothers,..And sent to warne them to his royall presence. View more context for this quotation
1601 B. Jonson Every Man in his Humor v. i. sig. L3 Sirha goe warne them hether presently before me. View more context for this quotation
1608 Bp. J. Hall Characters Vertues & Vices ii. 122 When he is warned on a Iurie, hee had rather pay the mulct, than appeare.
1610 T. Lorkin in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1827) 2nd Ser. III. 221 Which entertains him till twelve of the clock, when the bell warns him to dinner.
a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) ii. i. 201 Who is it that hath warn'd vs to the walles? View more context for this quotation
1663 in Orders Council Naval Service (1866) I. 165 And other officers belonging to His Majestye's yards and Navy, are many times warned to attend His Majestye's service at Assizes and Sessions, [etc.].
1676 Office Clerk of Assise (a viij) The names of such as the Bailiffs shall warn for the great Inquest.
1802 C. James New Mil. Dict. Warned, admonished of some duty to be performed at a given time or place. Thus officers and soldiers are warned for guard, &c.
1809 E. A. Kendall Trav. Northern Parts U.S. I. v. 29 The constables are required to summon or as it is said to warn all the freemen to meet together yearly.
1860 G. J. Whyte-Melville Holmby House II. xix. 288 [He] commanded that the guard..should be relieved every four hours, and that the same men should not be warned twice for this duty until after the execution.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > information > intimation or making known > intimate or make known (something) [verb (transitive)] > call or give notice (of a meeting)
warn1465
1465 M. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 319 On Saterday last was Jenney ded warne a corte at Calcotte to be holde ther in hys name.
1617 Eastland Co. (Camden) 12 If any Courte be warned and for wante of Assistants the same bee not full.
1793 N. Chipman Rep. & Diss. i. 11 The Clerk has not inserted [in the record] that the proprietor's meeting was regularly warned.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > lack of work > [verb (transitive)] > dismiss or discharge > give notice of dismissal
warna1475
society > inhabiting and dwelling > removing from dwelling > remove from dwelling place [verb (transitive)] > give notice to leave tenancy
to warn out1850
a1475 Bp. Grossetest's Househ. Stat. (Sloane 1986) in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 330 And they that wylle not here that ȝe say, effectually be they ywarnyd, and ye shalle prouide other seruantis.
1702 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) V. 208 The duke of Somerset..has (by her majesties order) turned out 40 grooms of the stables, and warned out others who had lodgings and stables at the Meuse.
1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) To Warn,..to bid one provide for himself elsewhere.
1713 W. Hawkins Short Acct. Life Thomas Ken 8 The Prince..threatned to turn him from the Service [sc. chaplaincy to P'cess of Orange]; which the Doctor resenting..warn'd himself from the Service, and would not return to the Court.
1850 Bentley's Misc. 28 284 We're teetotally ruined... Warned out by the landlady... Where are we to move into, and obtain a lodging!
Derivatives
warned adj.
ΚΠ
1639 J. Clarke Paroemiologia 21 Warn'd folkes may live.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1921; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
† warnv.2
Obsolete.
1.
a. transitive. To refuse or deny (a thing to a person); to refuse to grant (a boon, request, etc.).In Old English and early Middle English const. dative of person and genitive of thing; later, the genitive is sometimes represented by the construction with of, but more frequently by the accusative.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > statement > refusal > [verb (transitive)]
warnc897
willeOE
forbidc1000
warnc1000
willOE
asake1250
withsay1297
gainsayc1330
recusea1387
naitc1390
to say naya1393
again-say?a1400
denyc1400
withnayc1400
biwern1413
refuse?1435
resist1539
detrect1542
renege1545
detract1572
waive1642
declinea1691
nay-say1762
nay-saya1774
nix1903
off1908
ixnay1937
α.
β. OE Guthlac B 1183 Ic me warnade hyre onsyne ealle þrage in woruld-life.c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 2356 & Belin him warde [perh. read warnde; c1300 Otho wornede] al þat he ȝernde.a1300 Cursor Mundi 28889 Be man neuer sua wik of mode men agh noght warn him his liues fode.a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1871) III. 101 Nabugodonosor byseged Ierusalem for tribute Þat was i-warned hym.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 4939 I receiud þam and warnd ham noght Of alle thing þai me be-soght.a1400–50 Wars Alex. 1467–8 ‘For me had leuer’, quod þe lede, ‘be lethirely forsworn..Þan anys haue greuyd þat gome, or warned him his erand! Þat euer I warned him his will, wa is me þat stonde!’c1450 J. Capgrave Life St. Augustine (1910) 47 Swech mete and drynk as he had in vse was not warned to no man þat wold ask it.1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur xvi. xi. 679 And yf thou warne her loue she shalle goo dye anone yf thou haue no pyte on her, that sygnefyeth the grete byrd, the whiche shalle make the to warne her.c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 139 Ȝe suld nocht warne me leue.1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xviii. 332 And tald thame quhat kyn velcummyng Dowglas thaim maid..And varnyt thame the playn herbery.c897 K. Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care xlix. 380 Se þe ne wiernð [MS. Hatton wirnð] ðæs wines his lare ða mod mid to oferdrencanne þe hiene gehieran willað.
OE Riddle 20 11 Cyning mec gyrweð since ond seolfre ond mec on sele weorþað; ne wyrneð wordlofes.
a1122 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) ann. 1048 Þa wyrnde him mann ðera gisla.
c1250 Song to Virg. 39 in Old Eng. Misc. 195 He wyl nout werne þe þi bone.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 15127 For ne scal he nauere..kine-helme broken. and ȝif he hit wule auon ich hit wulle wernen [c1300 Otho werne].
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 189 Vor þet he him wernde his elmesse, god him wernde ane drope of weter þer he wes ine uere of helle.
c1384 G. Chaucer Hous of Fame 1539 They..seyde, Graunte vs..of thy grace a bone. And somme of hem she graunted sone And somme she werned wel and faire, and some she graunted the contraire Of her axyng.
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 275 Þe Romaynes asked her tribute: and Sicambri werned it and wolde none paye.
c1412 T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum 1847 But his hert is ful applied To graunte, and nat þe needy werne his grace.
1414 Rolls of Parl. IV. 22/2 To graunte whiche of thoo that you luste, & to wernne the remanent.
c1430 Devils' Parl. 406 Quod helle ‘not wiþ þy [Satan's] poowere I myȝte not werne him [Christ] oon of tho; He took out alle þat were him dere’.
c1475 Partenay Prol. 126 Hys commaundment wern shal I no-thing.
c1475 Partenay Prol. 86 Take here vnto you which you best do plese, No man shall ther-of you werne ne withsay.
1532 (c1385) Usk's Test. Loue in Wks. G. Chaucer i. f. cccxxixv Yet al thynge desyreth, ye wern no man of helpe.
1568 Newe Comedie Iacob & Esau i. iv. sig. B.iij But wife Rebecca, I woulde not haue you to mourne, As though I did your honest petition wourne.
b. Of a thing: To prevent (a person) from having (something).
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > hindering completely or preventing > hinder completely or prevent [verb (transitive)] > from the attainment of something
warna1240
reject1533
forestall1577
disafford1609
shorten1837
a1240 Ureisun in Old Eng. Hom. I. 187 Mine sunnen beoþ wal bi-tweone me and þe. Mine sunnen werneþ me al þis swotnesse.
?a1400 Morte Arth. 700 I may wery the wye, thatt this werre mouede, That warnes me wyrchippe of my wedde lorde.
c. With dative of person only: To refuse the request of; to deny something to.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > statement > refusal > [verb (transitive)]
warnc897
willeOE
forbidc1000
warnc1000
willOE
asake1250
withsay1297
gainsayc1330
recusea1387
naitc1390
to say naya1393
again-say?a1400
denyc1400
withnayc1400
biwern1413
refuse?1435
resist1539
detrect1542
renege1545
detract1572
waive1642
declinea1691
nay-say1762
nay-saya1774
nix1903
off1908
ixnay1937
the mind > language > statement > refusal > [verb (transitive)] > refuse a person something
warnc1000
to say nay?c1450
reject1578
α.
β. c1400 Rom. Rose 2604 And who-so askith folily, He moot be warned hastily.c1420 Wyntoun Cron. ii. iii. 201 Iacob warnyt hym vttraly.c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) v. 42 Þam þe wylle æt þe borgian, ne wyrn þu hym.
c1175 Lamb. Hom. 137 Mon sulðe his elmesse þenne he heo gefeð swulche monne ðe he for scome wernen ne mei.
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 245 [She] vre lauerd ihalseð swa þet he ne mei for reuðe wernen hire.
a1272 A Luue Ron 7 in Old Eng. Misc. 93 A Mayde cristes me bit yorne þat ich hire wurche a luue ron... Ich hire nule nowiht werne.
a1300 K. Horn (Hall) 1404 Fikenhild gan wende Rymenhild to schende. To woȝe he gan hure ȝerne, Þe kyng ne dorste him werne.
1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xx. 12 For thre thynges he taketh his lyf forto saue, That is, mete, whan men hym werneth and he no moneye weldeth, [etc.].
c1400 N. Love tr. Bonaventura Mirror Life Christ (Sherard MS.) vi Whan she..asked herbergh in diuerse places..alle they werned [Gibbs MS. weerne, W. de W. refused] hem and lete hem go.
c1420 Sir Amadace (Camd.) xiii Quil he hade any gud to take, He wernut no mon.
a1450 Knt. de la Tour 31 Her husbonde must nedis ordeine her that she desirithe,..for thei wol finde so mani resones that thei wille not be werned.
c1475 Partenay 82 Of thes thre on [i.e. one] your plesire do and take,..Reson is ne right that you werne shold y.
d. To refuse (to do something).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > statement > refusal > [verb (transitive)] > refuse to do something
warnc900
withsaya1225
wondec1315
refusea1325
denya1400
nayc1400
recusec1425
renayc1489
renounce1582
disclaim1586
to draw the line1839
α.
β. c900 tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (1890) v. xx. [xxii.] 474 Ond he blissade in þon, þæt..he geseah þa his geherend þone Eastordæg onfon,..þone hie simle ær þon warenedon to anfonne [L. quem semper antea vitabant].1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum xii. Introd. (Tollemache MS.) Þat man may be a schamid..to warne to serue fader and moder, while he knoweþ þat briddes and foules serueþ..euerichone oþer.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 3261 For quas luue he wild not warn To sacrifise his auen barn.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 3040 Hir bidding do sal þou not warn.?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 183 Þe ancre þe warnde an oðer an quaer to leanen.
c1330 (?a1300) Sir Tristrem (1886) l. 1367 Ȝe sigge ich wern mi nem to wiue, For y schuld be ȝour king.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 12106 If þou him wenis for to lern, To lere him wel we þe noght wern.
e. absol. To make refusal.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > statement > refusal > [verb (intransitive)]
warn1297
to say nay?a1300
refusec1400
assoinc1440
escondyte?1518
nay1532
disclaim1560
nay-saya1800
α.
β. c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 28 Thai ar..nocht large of gift, and redily will tak, & wele can warne.1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 7553 Of þe heyemen of þe lond..He esste ostage strong inou & hii ne ssolde noȝt wurne, Ac toke him ostage god.
1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 130 The wylde loves rage..Hath mad him that he can noght werne, Bot fell al hol to hire assent.
1406 T. Hoccleve La Male Regle 430 For estaat real can nat al day werne.
2.
a. To refuse to allow (some action or course of action) to a person; to forbid (a person) to do something.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > prohibition > prohibit [verb (transitive)]
forwarnc893
warnc893
forbidOE
forhightc1315
defendc1325
forfend1382
dischargec1450
prohibit?a1475
bidc1475
withsay1484
fenda1500
abara1504
prohibit1526
debara1529
forbodec1540
exempt1553
forspeak1565
disbar1567
forsay1579
enjoin1589
abjudicate1602
countermanda1616
forjudge1675
restrict1766
oppose1814
fen1823
embargo1824
nix1903
ixnay1937
α.
β. 1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 7985 And na thing salle þam warn ne lett, To do þair wille whare-swa it es sett.c1400 Ywaine & Gaw. 2261 For nane other enchesowne, Bot for i warned hym to wyve My doghter.1548 R. Crowley Informacion & Peticion sig. Aiv Whoe shall warne me to do wyth myne owne as me selfe lysteth.1550 in Southampton Court Leet Rec. (1905) I. i. 12 And that theye warne none to have Ale for theire money so theye have yt in theire houses.1595 E. Spenser Astrophel in Colin Clouts come Home Againe sig. G1 From them [sc. the heavens] comes good, from them comes also il, That which they made, who can them warne to spill.c893 tr. Orosius Hist. i. vii. §1 Hi ær Moyse & hys folce þæs utfæreldes wyrndon.
c1000 Sax. Leechd. II. 330 Georne is to wyrnanne bearneacnum wife þæt hio aht sealtes ete oððe swetes.
1303 R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne 1021 Holy chyrche wyl þe werne þe halyday to go to þe tauerne,..whan goddys seruyse owyþ to be doun.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 2966 Eft he comen to pharaon, And he wernede ðis folc ut-gon.
c1386 G. Chaucer Wife of Bath's Prol. 333 He is to greet a nygard that wolde werne A man to lighte his candle at his lanterne.
1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 162 Thogh it be noght the houndes kinde To ete chaf, yit wol he werne An Oxe which comth to the berne Therof to taken eny fode.
c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 146 And therfore thilk processe hath no strengthe forto weerne ymagis of God to be had and vsid in the chirche.
b. Of a thing: To forbid, not to allow of (some action or procedure). Also absol.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > hindering completely or preventing > hinder completely or prevent [verb (transitive)] > preclude
warnc1000
exclude1382
forshutc1430
before-barc1449
prohibit1516
foreclose1546
seclude1566
preclude1610
prescind1636
separate1644
α.
c1000 Sax. Leechd. II. 255 Gif hæto oþþe meht ne wyrne læt him blod.
c1440 Pallad. on Husb. ix. 19 Yf so benygne And loughly be the vyne hit not to werne.
3.
a. To refuse, forbid, deny (entry, the gate, door, way, one's house). Constr. dative of person or from.
ΚΠ
α.
β. 1399 W. Langland Richard Redeles iii. 233 Þe portir with his pikis þo put him vttere, And warned him þe wickett while þe wacche durid.c1400 Rom. Rose 7502 The hous, quod he, such as ye see, Shal nat be warned you for me.c1440 J. Capgrave Life St. Katherine i. 737 Þere was no ȝate warnyd to no-maner wyte, But..þei were kept opyn both day & nyth.c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 57 Quhen julius Cesar was cummyn to Rome, thai durst nocht warne him the portis.a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. ccxxviii. f. cxlixv The Kynge..warned hym ye entre of his lande.c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 5251 All þat warnyt hym þe way he warpet to ground.1611 T. Middleton & T. Dekker Roaring Girle sig. D2 Mist. Open. Get you from my shop. Mol. I come to buy. Mist. Open. Ile sell ye nothing, I warne yee my house and shop.?a1366 Romaunt Rose 442 From hir the gate ay [? read shal] werned be Of paradys.
c1400 Rom. Rose 5840 But whan he prayde hir, pore was he, Therfore she warned him the entree.
14.. St. Alexius (Cott. MS.) 18 Of all pormen of ylk a gate, there was none þat werned þe yate.
c1475 (?c1425) Avowing of King Arthur (1984) l. 135 Quose wernes me þe waye, Hym to dethe diȝte!
b. To forbid, exclude (a person from a place or position, Death from a person). Cf. warn v.1 6c.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > be on the outside of [verb (transitive)] > keep or shut out
loukc1275
speara1300
beshutc1330
forbarc1330
warn?a1366
to close outa1382
to shut outc1384
steeka1393
again-louka1400
to keep outc1425
outshutc1450
seclude1498
to stop outc1530
to hedge out1549
confine1577
to hold out1583
out-bar1590
debar1593
excommunicate1602
expel1604
immurec1616
the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > hindering completely or preventing > hinder completely or prevent [verb (transitive)] > forbid or exclude
warn?a1366
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separate [verb (transitive)] > separate from > separate or cut off
to cut offc1380
discidea1513
warn1536
rescind1598
desect1613
α.
β. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. i. sig. N4 But if that carelesse heuens (qd she) despise The doome of iust reuenge,..Yet can they not warne death from wretched wight.?a1366 Romaunt Rose 636 Fro thilke assemblee, if I may, Shal no man werne me to-day.
1536 Prymer Salysbery Use (STC 15992) f. cxlv Of sapiens thou art eterne Frome the and thy father who can the werne.
c. To stop the way of.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > absence of movement > render immobile [verb (transitive)] > stop the movement of > cause to be arrested or intercepted in progress
warna1250
foreclosec1290
dit1362
stayc1440
stopc1440
set1525
suppress1547
bar1578
frontier1589
stay1591
intercepta1599
to cut off1600
interpose1615
lodgea1616
obstruct1621
stifle1629
sufflaminate1656
stick1824
to hold up1887
α.
β. 1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) ii. 137 The Dowglas then his way has taine Rycht to the hors, as he him bad: Bot he, that him in ȝhemsell had, Than warnyt hym dispitously.a1250 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Titus) (1963) 7 Hund wile in at open dure. þer man him ne wernes.
c1300 K. Horn (Laud) 725 To boure he gan ȝerne Durst hym noman werne.
4.
a. To prevent, hinder, restrain (a person or thing) from action. Const. with clause or infinitive.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > hindering completely or preventing > hinder completely or prevent [verb (transitive)] > from an action, purpose, etc.
warnc888
withseta1330
defendc1330
conclude1382
privea1387
retainc1415
refrain1442
prohibit1483
repel1483
stop1488
sever?1507
discourage1528
seclude?1531
prevent1533
foreclose1536
lock1560
stay1560
disallow1568
intercept1576
to put bya1586
crossa1616
stave1616
prevent1620
secure1623
stave1630
riot1777
tent1781
footer1813
to stop off1891
mozz1941
α.
β. a1300 Cursor Mundi 2726 ‘And quat thing es,’ he said, ‘may warn þat godd ne may his will of do?’c1380 J. Wyclif Wks. (1880) 50 Ȝif þei ben his riȝtfully oure kyng may not warne ne lette his hoste to reste in þo places.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 13733 ‘Vs thinc to lang we duell,’ said þai, ‘Qua warns yow to wend a-wai?’c1400 Sege Melayne 500 Thay stirtt vp on those stedis full steryn, Þay fande no man þat þam wolde warne.a1529 J. Skelton Magnyfycence (?1530) sig. Fiv My hawke..Flewe..in to an olde barne. To reche at a rat I coude not her warne.c888 Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. xli. §4 He..us ne wernð [v.r. wyrnþ] þæt we yfel don.
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 300 Ȝif ei luuede þe richt. he muchte halde þe & werne þe to smiten.
c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 7063 What he wold do, non durste hym werne.
1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Gen. xxiii. 6 In our chosun berielis birye thi deed, and no man shal mow wern [a1425 L.V. forbede, L. prohibere] thee.
a1400 St. Alexius 516 (Laud 463) So sone so she to him come, vpon þe liche she fel y-lome... On þe liche she lay, & nolde not wond, Mighte noman hire werne.
1520 Lyfe Ioseph of Armathia (Pynson) sig. A.iv To delyuer goddes seruauntes he sayd he wolde, I knowe no maner man that shall me werne.
b. Phrases, to warn (a person) his will or of his will; to warn (a person's) thoughts.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > hindering completely or preventing > hinder completely or prevent [verb (transitive)] > thwart or foil > specifically a person
to warn (a person) his will1340
frustrate1447
disappoint1545
foila1564
balk1589
thorter1608
derail1891
α.
β. a1400-50 [see sense 1aβ. ]. a1450 Le Morte Arth. 3011 Trowiste thow to warne me of my wille?c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 6465 Thay pre~set so the prince with power of knightes, Þat þai warnit hym his wille, & away put.1340–70 Alisaunder 905 But all his werk was in waste, þei werned his thoughtes.
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 7288 He was tarriet with the Troiens..And wernit of his wille, þof hym wo thoght.
c. To resist.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > oppose [verb (transitive)] > resist
withstandc888
withsake971
forstanda1000
to stand again ——OE
withsetc1000
again-standOE
to stand againOE
warnc1175
wiþerhaldec1175
atstandc1220
astand1250
withsitc1300
sitc1325
asitc1330
(it) may well withc1395
reversea1400
resist1417
ofstandc1425
onstandc1425
gainstand?c1450
endure1470
obsista1475
repugna1513
recountera1525
occur1531
desist1548
impugn1577
obstrigillate1623
counter-stand1648
stem1675
repique1687
to make face to1807
to fight off1833
to stick up1838
bay1848
withstay1854
buck1857
α.
β. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 22342 Sal nan ha might þair might to warn.c1175 Lamb. Hom. 85 In þe deie of liureisun..he wile ison hwiche boð þo þet muȝe stonden aȝein þes fleisces lust and wernen his aȝene fleisces iwille.
5.
a. To refuse to take or accept.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > statement > refusal > [verb (transitive)] > reject
awarpc1000
forwerpeOE
warpc1000
nillOE
warnc1300
reprovec1350
to put abacka1382
to throw awaya1382
repugnc1384
to put awaya1387
waivec1386
forshoota1400
disavowc1400
defyc1405
disprovec1430
repelc1443
flemea1450
to put backa1500
reject?1504
refutea1513
repulse1533
refel1548
repudiate1548
disallowa1555
project?1567
expel1575
discard1578
overrule1578
forsay1579
check1601
decard1605
dismiss1608
reprobate1609
devow1610
retorta1616
disclaimc1626
noforsootha1644
respuate1657
reluctate1668
negative1778
no-ball1862
basket1867
to set one's foot down1873
not to have any (of it, that, this)1895
to put down1944
eighty-six1959
neg1987
α.
β. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 16237 Coth pilate,..To varn yur consail better it es þan to do mar foli.c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 926 Sit now doun and et ful yerne: Daþeit hwo þe mete werne!
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 1824 Ho bede hit hym ful bysily, & he hir bode wernes.
b. To deny (a statement).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > statement > denial or contradiction > deny or contradict [verb (transitive)]
withquethec888
withsake971
falsea1225
withsay?c1225
denyc1300
again-saya1382
naitc1390
nitec1390
naya1400
nicka1400
warna1400
denytec1420
traversea1450
repugnc1456
unsayc1460
renay1512
disavow?1532
disaffirm1548
contradict1582
fault1585
belie1587
infringe1590
dementie1594
abnegate1616
negate1623
nege1624
abrenounce1656
nay-saya1774
negative1784
dement1884
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 21334 Þe stat of ilk ewangelist Bers in him-self vr lauerd crist, He es man and ox, leon, and ern, Mai na skilful man þis wern.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1921; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
† warnv.3
Obsolete. rare.
transitive. To fortify; to protect, defend. literal and figurative.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > fortify [verb (transitive)]
fastenOE
enfirm1297
ofstrengthc1325
strengthc1325
warnc1330
ward1340
warnestorec1374
abattlec1380
embattlec1380
fortify1436
bulwark1450
strengthen1450
bastille1480
enstrength1483
rempare1525
munite1533
fence1535
force1535
ranforce1547
rampire1550
fort1559
ramforce1570
fortificate1575
refortify1579
ensconce1590
munify1596
sconce1598
renforce1602
harness1611
munish1633
tackle1645
schanze1901
c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace 8836 Ageyn þe Bretons þey cam right ȝerne Þe lond ȝyf þey myghte þem werne.
1338 R. Mannyng Chron. (1725) 39 Þe toun was warned wele.
1338 R. Mannyng Chron. (1725) 268 Now gos þis Thomas, his treson to purchace, But how Edward was warned þorgh Gode's grace [Fr. Coment la grace Jhesu Krist Ly gentiz ray Edward de la tresun garnyst].
c1400 Rule St. Benet (Prose) lxix. 45 Þat nane defende ne warne oþir for nane achesun. [L. ne presumat alius alium defendere.]
c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 517 For to close and kepe and hegge yn and werne so manye persoones fro so miche gretter synnes.
Derivatives
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > [adjective]
stithc1000
strongOE
fastenedOE
warneda1300
strengtheda1382
unpregnable1387
embattledc1400
enbanedc1400
warrayable14..
impregnable1430
inexpugnable1490
strengthy1513
bulwarkeda1533
unexpugnable1533
fortified1538
well-fortified1538
unwinnablec1540
forced1548
forted1566
unbatterable1576
fencible?1579
unforcible1611
impregnate1632
untakable1652
of (good) force1697
casemated1740
well-girt1756
embattled1765
strongish1821
unbreachable1866
a1300 E.E. Psalter xxx. 22 He selkouthed to me His mercy in warned cite [L. in civitate munita].
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1921; most recently modified version published online December 2020).
<
n.a1400
v.1a1000
v.2c888v.3a1300