water carriern.

Brit.

/ˈwɔːtə ˌkarɪə/, U.S.

/ˈwɔdər ˌkɛriər/,

/ˈwɑdər ˌkɛriər/

Forms: see water n. and carrier n.¹ I.

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: water n., carrier n.¹ I.

Etymology: < water n. + carrier n.¹ I. Compare earlier water-bearer n.With sense 1c(a) compare German Wasserträger lackey (second half of the 18th cent.; already in Old High German as wazzardregera (plural noun), glossing classical Latin lixa lix n.). In sense 1c(b) probably originally after German Wasserträger (1982 or earlier in a football context, 1962 or earlier in a cycling (Tour de France) context), specific sense development of Wasserträger lackey (the use in quot. 1993 is by Bernhard Carl (‘Bert’) Trautmann (1923–2013), German professional footballer who played for Manchester City), in later use probably partly (in quots. 1996, 2006) after French porteur d'eau (1969 or earlier in a cycling context, 1982 or earlier in a football context).

a. A person who or animal which carries water; spec. (esp. in North Africa, the Middle East, and South Asia) a person who supplies water to troops or a place.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > other manual or industrial workers > [noun] > who carry, draw, or supply water

water-bearereOE

water drawereOE

tankard-bearer?1518

water carrier1532

water drawer1574

water-worker1579

water-caster1610

waterman1615

tankard-womana1667

water pumper1708

watering-man1791

water boy1823

pani-wallah1934

1532 Churchwardens' Accts. Heybridge, Essex in J. Nichols Illustr. Antient Times Eng. (1797) 182 Item, for the water-carier.

1579 T. North tr. Plutarch Liues 140 He sawe an image of a mayden in copper, in the temple of the mother of the goddes..which they called the Hydrophora: as much to saye, as the water carier [Fr. la fille hydrophore (qui est adire portant leaue); Gk. ὑδροϕόρον].

1609 T. Heywood tr. Sallust Hist. Warre of Iugurth xiii. 44 in tr. Sallust Two Worthy & Notable Hist. Watercarriers base groomes [L. lixae] were loosely permitted to accompany the horsemen aswel by day as by night.

1654 in J. C. Jeaffreson Middlesex County Rec. (1888) III. 227 That noe brewers [nor] water-carriers set their drayes or water-carriages in the streets day or night as usually they have done.

1668 P. Rycaut Present State Ottoman Empire (new ed.) iii. vii. 195 The Principal Officers of these Chambers are, First, the Odabashee, or Master of the Chamber,..Sixth is the Saka, or the Water-carrier.

1704 J. Pitts True Acct. Mohammetans vi. 57 My Patroon's Water-Carrier, who daily supplied us with the Holy Water of Beer-el zem zem, brought some of the Rainy Water which fell from the Beat-allah to my Patroon.

1787 tr. C.-F. Volney Trav. Syria & Egypt I. xvii. 256 (note) At Cairo, it is observed, that the water-carriers, continually wet with the fresh water they carry in skins upon their backs, are never subject to the plague.

1824 J. Morier Adventures Hajji Baba I. ix. 91 The muleteer..recommended me strongly to become a saka, or water-carrier.

1855 Poultry Chron. 3 374 These bees are water-carriers.

1882 F. M. Crawford Mr. Isaacs xi. 231 I told him to send a bhisti, a water-carrier, with his leathern bucket.

1899 Atlantic Monthly 83 760/1 Some of the burros were water carriers, with great earthen jars swung in pairs against their panting sides.

1930 Chambers's Jrnl. Feb. 108/1 Then came a water-carrier with a leather mussuck partly filled with water.

2002 H. Kunzru Impressionist (2003) 273 When he falls asleep, the watercarriers are already moving through the streets, making their early-morning deliveries.

b. With the and capital initial(s). The constellation Aquarius.See note at water-bearer n. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > constellation > zodiacal constellation > [noun] > Aquarius

Aquariusa1398

waterer1546

waterman1565

water-pourer1565

water-bearer1594

skinker1605

urn1633

water boy1640

water carrier1830

water-can1869

1830 Trans. Royal Asiatic Soc. 2 392 The Southern Fish... It comprises eleven stars, lying south of the Water Carrier.

1928 Sci. News Let. 3 Mar. 133/2 [The] winter [signs are] Capricornus, the Sea Goat; Aquarius, the Water Carrier, and Pisces, the Fishes.

1991 C. A. Ronan Nat. Hist. Universe 89 (caption) The Helix, or Sunflower, Nebula lies in the zodiacal constellation of Aquarius, the Watercarrier.

2004 Prediction Apr. 44/1 Neptune is in Aquarius throughout the month and advances from 14°49′ of the Water Carrier on the first day to 15°19′ on the last day.

c. figurative (usually depreciative).

(a) A person who performs a subservient role; a lackey. Cf. to carry water for at water n. Phrases 2b. Now chiefly U.S. Politics.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > politics > politician > [noun] > political hanger-on

water carrier1835

bummer1872

heeler1875

ward-heeler1890

lackey1939

fart-catcher1971

1835 W. G. Simms Yemassee I. xviii. 158 ‘I have been busy in assisting the captain.’ ‘The captain—will you never be a freeman, Walter—will you always be a water-carrier for a master?’

1957 N.Y. Times 6 Oct. 45/4 Dulles..regards him as little more than a diplomatic water carrier for policy-making bosses in Moscow.

1981 Washington Post 5 Apr. g8/4 Some of his critics point to his apparently shifting views..as evidence that he will be a ‘water carrier’ for the administration.

1996 New Republic (Nexis) 8 Jan. 16 Reston was a self-promoter whose wildly inflated reputation was based on his willingness to serve as a water carrier for everyone in power.

2012 D. Klaidman Kill or Capture iii. 75 The comment roused the powerful gun lobby and its water carriers on Capitol Hill.

(b) Association Football (chiefly British). A player noted for reliability and hard work rather than flair or creativity; spec. a defensive midfielder whose main role is to win the ball from the opposition and pass it on to more creative teammates.Often with reference to French footballer Eric Cantona's use of the term porteur d'eau to describe his compatriot, Didier Deschamps; cf. quot. 1996. See also note in etymology section.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > football > [noun] > player > types of

dribbler1868

goalkicker1871

goal kick1875

punter1887

place-kicker1890

sidestepper1891

place-kick1896

non-import1964

wantaway1993

water carrier1993

code-hopper1998

galactico2003

1993 Times 27 Nov. (Sport section) 38/2 ‘English football needs more skill, more intelligence and it needs leaders, personalities,’ Trautmann said. ‘You have to have the water carriers, but you need three or four to lead, to guide.’

1996 Daily Star 11 Sept. 36/2 Cantona hit out.., insisting: ‘Deschamps survives because he always puts in a 100 per cent effort, but he will never be anything more than a water carrier.’

1999 News of World 26 Sept. 87/5 Gregory seems intent on filling the midfield with too many water carriers and not enough players with Merson's talent.

2006 Esquire June 72/1 Genius playmakers were given freedom to roam by the type of player (often from the English leagues) that Eric Cantona would later deride as a water-carrier.

2014 J. Montague Thirty One Nil iii. 85 Defensive midfielders are the water carriers, the beating heart of the team.

2. A person or company undertaking the conveyance by water of goods or passengers. In quot. 1764: a bargemaster.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > one who travels by water or sea > sailor > types of sailor > [noun] > one who transports goods by water

fraughtsman1487

freighter1622

affreighter1653

water carrier1707

shipper1755

1707 Jus Imperij & Servitutis vi. 52 It [sc. legal action] lies against a Water-Carrier, as well as a Land-Carrier, for Goods lost.

1764 J. Burton Present State Navigation Thames 14 These Water-carriers..look upon themselves as Masters and Lords of the River;..refusing Carriage of Goods, but on their own Terms, [etc.].

1815 H. Jeremy Law of Carriers iv. 52 Water carriers are equally liable with land carriers for every loss by robbery or otherwise.

1881 Chicago Times 17 June The railroads, in their anxiety to secure employment for their idle rolling-stock, will bid against the water-carriers.

1916 Railway Rev. 13 Dec. 895/1 To authorize the Commission to prescribe the minimum rate to be charged for transportation by a water carrier.

1980 I. H. Benham in Refl. Amer. 173/3 Like the motor carriers and the airlines, the water carriers have no direct investment in their right-of-way.

2012 K. Dunckel in L. J. Fennelly Handbk. Loss Prevention & Crime Prevention (ed. 5) xliv. 554/2 To obtain cargo insurance on goods they ship by air or water carrier.

a. A vessel or vehicle for carrying water.In quot. 1875: a machine for conveying water from a well or tank to a building.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > powered vehicle > motor lorry, truck, or van > [noun] > tanker > for water

water carrier1801

society > occupation and work > equipment > lifting or hoisting equipment > [noun] > for raising water

well bucket1477

flail?a1500

kettle-mill1570

scoop1580

water engine1611

chain-pumpa1618

cochlea1648

water-screw1648

engine1652

bucket-fountain1663

chain1682

noria1696

tub-engine1702

tub-gin1702

well-pole1727

screw engine1729

rag1747

rag pump1747

swape1773

picotah1780

water balance1800

ram1801

well sweep1818

shadoof1836

hydraulic belt1856

water carrier1875

bailer1883

trip-bucket1926

1801 Act 41 Geo. III c. xxx § 28 A sufficient number of..water carriers, trucks, water-carts.

1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Water-carrier, a form of water-elevator in which the bucket lifted from the well or cistern is transported on wires to the house at a considerable distance.

1904 W. E. Roth Domestic Implements, Arts, & Manuf. 29 The large ‘lamp’..shell is often used as a water-carrier.

1937 A. Ransome We didn't mean to go to Sea iii. 42 They rowed ashore twice more to fill the water-carrier at the tap in the boat-builder's yard.

1992 Ships Monthly Apr. 13/1 The ex-naval water carrier Freshspring..has now been moved to a tidal mooring on the river Severn near Newnham.

b. A channel for conveying water, esp. an open channel in an irrigated meadow. In later use also: a pipeline or system of pipelines, etc., for transporting water.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > stream > [noun] > channel for conveyance of water

water leatOE

water lade1224

leat1279

watergang1293

sow1316

trough1398

wissinga1400

lanec1420

waterway1431

water leasow1440

watercoursea1450

fleam1523

lead1541

cut1548

aqueducta1552

lake1559

strand1565

race1570

channel1581

watergauge1597

gout1598

server1610

carriage1669

runnel1669

aquage1706

shoot1707

tewel1725

run1761

penstock1763

hulve1764

way-gang1766

culvert1774

flume1784

shute1790

pentrough1793

raceway1793

water carriage1793

carrier1794

conductor1796

water carrier1827

penchute1875

chute1878

by-cut1883

1827 J. Mitchell Sketches on Agric. 72 My own mead, as above described, laid perfectly dry, by surface drains, which serves [sic] as water carriers at pleasure, to flood the whole.

1879 R. Jefferies Wild Life 373 The wild duck..swim in the water-carriers in the great irrigated meadows.

1902 U.S. Dept. Agric. Farmers' Bull. No. 151. 12 The smaller ditch..is a more economical water carrier than the larger one.

1934 Jrnl. Amer. Water Wks. Assoc. 26 575 A substantial increase in the capacity of old water carriers without a large expense for new construction.

2007 Jrnl. Palestine Stud. 36 151/2 A water carrier from Elat to the Dead Sea to replenish the latter.

†c. Chiefly literary. A rain cloud. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > cloud > [noun] > a cloud > rain-cloud

rain cloud1755

water wagon1815

water carrier1856

water boys1895

1856 New Eng. Farmer Nov. 524/1 Leagues away the cloud floats before the winds, still upheld by heat, till the cold air benumbs the fingers of the great water-carrier, and forces him to drop it in rain.

a1887 R. Jefferies Field & Hedgerow (1889) 16 The water-carriers, harnessed to the south and west winds, drilling the long rows of rain like seeds into the earth.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2015; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	water carrier
释义	water carriern. Brit. /ˈwɔːtə ˌkarɪə/, U.S. /ˈwɔdər ˌkɛriər/, /ˈwɑdər ˌkɛriər/ Forms: see water n. and carrier n.¹ I. Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: water n., carrier n.¹ I. Etymology: < water n. + carrier n.¹ I. Compare earlier water-bearer n.With sense 1c(a) compare German Wasserträger lackey (second half of the 18th cent.; already in Old High German as wazzardregera (plural noun), glossing classical Latin lixa lix n.). In sense 1c(b) probably originally after German Wasserträger (1982 or earlier in a football context, 1962 or earlier in a cycling (Tour de France) context), specific sense development of Wasserträger lackey (the use in quot. 1993 is by Bernhard Carl (‘Bert’) Trautmann (1923–2013), German professional footballer who played for Manchester City), in later use probably partly (in quots. 1996, 2006) after French porteur d'eau (1969 or earlier in a cycling context, 1982 or earlier in a football context). 1. a. A person who or animal which carries water; spec. (esp. in North Africa, the Middle East, and South Asia) a person who supplies water to troops or a place. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > other manual or industrial workers > [noun] > who carry, draw, or supply water water-bearereOE water drawereOE tankard-bearer?1518 water carrier1532 water drawer1574 water-worker1579 water-caster1610 waterman1615 tankard-womana1667 water pumper1708 watering-man1791 water boy1823 pani-wallah1934 1532 Churchwardens' Accts. Heybridge, Essex in J. Nichols Illustr. Antient Times Eng. (1797) 182 Item, for the water-carier. 1579 T. North tr. Plutarch Liues 140 He sawe an image of a mayden in copper, in the temple of the mother of the goddes..which they called the Hydrophora: as much to saye, as the water carier [Fr. la fille hydrophore (qui est adire portant leaue); Gk. ὑδροϕόρον]. 1609 T. Heywood tr. Sallust Hist. Warre of Iugurth xiii. 44 in tr. Sallust Two Worthy & Notable Hist. Watercarriers base groomes [L. lixae] were loosely permitted to accompany the horsemen aswel by day as by night. 1654 in J. C. Jeaffreson Middlesex County Rec. (1888) III. 227 That noe brewers [nor] water-carriers set their drayes or water-carriages in the streets day or night as usually they have done. 1668 P. Rycaut Present State Ottoman Empire (new ed.) iii. vii. 195 The Principal Officers of these Chambers are, First, the Odabashee, or Master of the Chamber,..Sixth is the Saka, or the Water-carrier. 1704 J. Pitts True Acct. Mohammetans vi. 57 My Patroon's Water-Carrier, who daily supplied us with the Holy Water of Beer-el zem zem, brought some of the Rainy Water which fell from the Beat-allah to my Patroon. 1787 tr. C.-F. Volney Trav. Syria & Egypt I. xvii. 256 (note) At Cairo, it is observed, that the water-carriers, continually wet with the fresh water they carry in skins upon their backs, are never subject to the plague. 1824 J. Morier Adventures Hajji Baba I. ix. 91 The muleteer..recommended me strongly to become a saka, or water-carrier. 1855 Poultry Chron. 3 374 These bees are water-carriers. 1882 F. M. Crawford Mr. Isaacs xi. 231 I told him to send a bhisti, a water-carrier, with his leathern bucket. 1899 Atlantic Monthly 83 760/1 Some of the burros were water carriers, with great earthen jars swung in pairs against their panting sides. 1930 Chambers's Jrnl. Feb. 108/1 Then came a water-carrier with a leather mussuck partly filled with water. 2002 H. Kunzru Impressionist (2003) 273 When he falls asleep, the watercarriers are already moving through the streets, making their early-morning deliveries. b. With the and capital initial(s). The constellation Aquarius.See note at water-bearer n. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > constellation > zodiacal constellation > [noun] > Aquarius Aquariusa1398 waterer1546 waterman1565 water-pourer1565 water-bearer1594 skinker1605 urn1633 water boy1640 water carrier1830 water-can1869 1830 Trans. Royal Asiatic Soc. 2 392 The Southern Fish... It comprises eleven stars, lying south of the Water Carrier. 1928 Sci. News Let. 3 Mar. 133/2 [The] winter [signs are] Capricornus, the Sea Goat; Aquarius, the Water Carrier, and Pisces, the Fishes. 1991 C. A. Ronan Nat. Hist. Universe 89 (caption) The Helix, or Sunflower, Nebula lies in the zodiacal constellation of Aquarius, the Watercarrier. 2004 Prediction Apr. 44/1 Neptune is in Aquarius throughout the month and advances from 14°49′ of the Water Carrier on the first day to 15°19′ on the last day. c. figurative (usually depreciative). (a) A person who performs a subservient role; a lackey. Cf. to carry water for at water n. Phrases 2b. Now chiefly U.S. Politics. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > politician > [noun] > political hanger-on water carrier1835 bummer1872 heeler1875 ward-heeler1890 lackey1939 fart-catcher1971 1835 W. G. Simms Yemassee I. xviii. 158 ‘I have been busy in assisting the captain.’ ‘The captain—will you never be a freeman, Walter—will you always be a water-carrier for a master?’ 1957 N.Y. Times 6 Oct. 45/4 Dulles..regards him as little more than a diplomatic water carrier for policy-making bosses in Moscow. 1981 Washington Post 5 Apr. g8/4 Some of his critics point to his apparently shifting views..as evidence that he will be a ‘water carrier’ for the administration. 1996 New Republic (Nexis) 8 Jan. 16 Reston was a self-promoter whose wildly inflated reputation was based on his willingness to serve as a water carrier for everyone in power. 2012 D. Klaidman Kill or Capture iii. 75 The comment roused the powerful gun lobby and its water carriers on Capitol Hill. (b) Association Football (chiefly British). A player noted for reliability and hard work rather than flair or creativity; spec. a defensive midfielder whose main role is to win the ball from the opposition and pass it on to more creative teammates.Often with reference to French footballer Eric Cantona's use of the term porteur d'eau to describe his compatriot, Didier Deschamps; cf. quot. 1996. See also note in etymology section. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > football > [noun] > player > types of dribbler1868 goalkicker1871 goal kick1875 punter1887 place-kicker1890 sidestepper1891 place-kick1896 non-import1964 wantaway1993 water carrier1993 code-hopper1998 galactico2003 1993 Times 27 Nov. (Sport section) 38/2 ‘English football needs more skill, more intelligence and it needs leaders, personalities,’ Trautmann said. ‘You have to have the water carriers, but you need three or four to lead, to guide.’ 1996 Daily Star 11 Sept. 36/2 Cantona hit out.., insisting: ‘Deschamps survives because he always puts in a 100 per cent effort, but he will never be anything more than a water carrier.’ 1999 News of World 26 Sept. 87/5 Gregory seems intent on filling the midfield with too many water carriers and not enough players with Merson's talent. 2006 Esquire June 72/1 Genius playmakers were given freedom to roam by the type of player (often from the English leagues) that Eric Cantona would later deride as a water-carrier. 2014 J. Montague Thirty One Nil iii. 85 Defensive midfielders are the water carriers, the beating heart of the team. 2. A person or company undertaking the conveyance by water of goods or passengers. In quot. 1764: a bargemaster. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > one who travels by water or sea > sailor > types of sailor > [noun] > one who transports goods by water fraughtsman1487 freighter1622 affreighter1653 water carrier1707 shipper1755 1707 Jus Imperij & Servitutis vi. 52 It [sc. legal action] lies against a Water-Carrier, as well as a Land-Carrier, for Goods lost. 1764 J. Burton Present State Navigation Thames 14 These Water-carriers..look upon themselves as Masters and Lords of the River;..refusing Carriage of Goods, but on their own Terms, [etc.]. 1815 H. Jeremy Law of Carriers iv. 52 Water carriers are equally liable with land carriers for every loss by robbery or otherwise. 1881 Chicago Times 17 June The railroads, in their anxiety to secure employment for their idle rolling-stock, will bid against the water-carriers. 1916 Railway Rev. 13 Dec. 895/1 To authorize the Commission to prescribe the minimum rate to be charged for transportation by a water carrier. 1980 I. H. Benham in Refl. Amer. 173/3 Like the motor carriers and the airlines, the water carriers have no direct investment in their right-of-way. 2012 K. Dunckel in L. J. Fennelly Handbk. Loss Prevention & Crime Prevention (ed. 5) xliv. 554/2 To obtain cargo insurance on goods they ship by air or water carrier. 3. a. A vessel or vehicle for carrying water.In quot. 1875: a machine for conveying water from a well or tank to a building. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > powered vehicle > motor lorry, truck, or van > [noun] > tanker > for water water carrier1801 society > occupation and work > equipment > lifting or hoisting equipment > [noun] > for raising water well bucket1477 flail?a1500 kettle-mill1570 scoop1580 water engine1611 chain-pumpa1618 cochlea1648 water-screw1648 engine1652 bucket-fountain1663 chain1682 noria1696 tub-engine1702 tub-gin1702 well-pole1727 screw engine1729 rag1747 rag pump1747 swape1773 picotah1780 water balance1800 ram1801 well sweep1818 shadoof1836 hydraulic belt1856 water carrier1875 bailer1883 trip-bucket1926 1801 Act 41 Geo. III c. xxx § 28 A sufficient number of..water carriers, trucks, water-carts. 1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Water-carrier, a form of water-elevator in which the bucket lifted from the well or cistern is transported on wires to the house at a considerable distance. 1904 W. E. Roth Domestic Implements, Arts, & Manuf. 29 The large ‘lamp’..shell is often used as a water-carrier. 1937 A. Ransome We didn't mean to go to Sea iii. 42 They rowed ashore twice more to fill the water-carrier at the tap in the boat-builder's yard. 1992 Ships Monthly Apr. 13/1 The ex-naval water carrier Freshspring..has now been moved to a tidal mooring on the river Severn near Newnham. b. A channel for conveying water, esp. an open channel in an irrigated meadow. In later use also: a pipeline or system of pipelines, etc., for transporting water. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > stream > [noun] > channel for conveyance of water water leatOE water lade1224 leat1279 watergang1293 sow1316 trough1398 wissinga1400 lanec1420 waterway1431 water leasow1440 watercoursea1450 fleam1523 lead1541 cut1548 aqueducta1552 lake1559 strand1565 race1570 channel1581 watergauge1597 gout1598 server1610 carriage1669 runnel1669 aquage1706 shoot1707 tewel1725 run1761 penstock1763 hulve1764 way-gang1766 culvert1774 flume1784 shute1790 pentrough1793 raceway1793 water carriage1793 carrier1794 conductor1796 water carrier1827 penchute1875 chute1878 by-cut1883 1827 J. Mitchell Sketches on Agric. 72 My own mead, as above described, laid perfectly dry, by surface drains, which serves [sic] as water carriers at pleasure, to flood the whole. 1879 R. Jefferies Wild Life 373 The wild duck..swim in the water-carriers in the great irrigated meadows. 1902 U.S. Dept. Agric. Farmers' Bull. No. 151. 12 The smaller ditch..is a more economical water carrier than the larger one. 1934 Jrnl. Amer. Water Wks. Assoc. 26 575 A substantial increase in the capacity of old water carriers without a large expense for new construction. 2007 Jrnl. Palestine Stud. 36 151/2 A water carrier from Elat to the Dead Sea to replenish the latter. †c. Chiefly literary. A rain cloud. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > cloud > [noun] > a cloud > rain-cloud rain cloud1755 water wagon1815 water carrier1856 water boys1895 1856 New Eng. Farmer Nov. 524/1 Leagues away the cloud floats before the winds, still upheld by heat, till the cold air benumbs the fingers of the great water-carrier, and forces him to drop it in rain. a1887 R. Jefferies Field & Hedgerow (1889) 16 The water-carriers, harnessed to the south and west winds, drilling the long rows of rain like seeds into the earth. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2015; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1532
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