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单词 wallow
释义

wallown.

Brit. /ˈwɒləʊ/, U.S. /ˈwɑloʊ/
Forms: In 1500s walow.
Etymology: < wallow v.1
1.
a. The act of wallowing or rolling in mud or filth; also figurative. Also concrete, the filth in which swine wallow.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > dirt > [noun] > mud > in which swine wallow
wallowa1591
the world > the earth > land > landscape > marsh, bog, or swamp > [noun] > wet place, mire, or slough > act of rolling through mud-hole
wallow1913
the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > dirt > dirtiness or soiling with specific kinds of dirt > [noun] > muddiness > wallowing in mud
wallow1913
a1591 H. Smith Serm., Jacob's Ladder (1601) 545 Let the dog turne to the vomit, and the swine to the walow.
1896 G. S. Ogilvie Sin of St. Hulda ii. 40 Thou'st called me from the filthy byre of swine, The wallow of indulgence and gross deeds.
1898 Advance (Chicago) 3 Mar. 284/1 Poor wretches who are converted a dozen times in a winter only to return to their wallow and cups.
1913 Sir H. Clifford in Blackwood's Mag. Oct. 479/2 After a heart-breaking attempt to cleanse the sweat of travel by a wallow in a mud-hole.
1969 J. Gross Rise & Fall Man of Lett. iii. 89 Nor was he at all averse himself, as a reader, to a nice old-fashioned romantic wallow, with wedding-bells ringing out in Chapter the Last.
1975 Listener 4 Dec. 746/2 While we are having a wallow, let me suggest that reviewers discussing ‘X’ films..should be more explicit.
b. A mud-hole or dust-hole formed by the wallowing of a buffalo, elephant, or rhinoceros. Also transferred.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > landscape > marsh, bog, or swamp > [noun] > wet place, mire, or slough > wallow
soila1425
hog hole1688
bear wallow1766
hog wallow1829
wallow1841
1841 G. Catlin Lett. N. Amer. Indians I. xxxi. 249 ‘A bull in his wallow’..has a very significant meaning with those who have ever seen a buffalo bull..endeavouring to cool his heated sides, by tumbling about in a mud puddle.
1882 Contemp. Rev. Aug. 229 The wallows are saucer-like depressions in the ground, made by the buffaloes rubbing themselves.
1900 F. T. Pollok & W. S. Thom Wild Sports Burma & Assam v. 167 One rhinoceros may have two or three wallows, or mud-holes, which he visits in turn.
1963 A. Smith Throw out Two Hands xi. 114 Every so often came a glutinous wallow where some lorry had spent time not only in extricating itself but in deforming the track still further.
c. figurative. A state of depression or stagnation.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > [noun]
unlustOE
sorrowfulnessa1250
heavinessc1275
elengenessec1320
dullnessc1369
tristourc1380
murknessc1390
tristesse1390
faintness1398
ungladnessa1400
droopingc1400
heavity14..
dejectionc1450
terne?a1513
disconsolation1515
descence1526
marea1529
sadness?1537
dumpishness1548
unblessedness1549
dolorousness1553
ruefulness?1574
dolefulness1586
heartlessness1591
languishment1591
mopishness1598
soul-sickness1603
contristation1605
damp1606
gloominess1607
sableness1607
uncheerfulnessa1617
disconsolateness1624
cheerlessnessa1631
dejectedness1633
droopingness1635
disanimation1637
lowness1639
desponsion1641
disconsolacy1646
despondency1653
dispiritedness1654
chagrin1656
demission1656
jawfall1660
weightedness1660
depression1665
disconsolancy1665
grumness1675
despondence1676
despond1678
disheartenednessa1680
glumness1727
low1727
gloom1744
low-spiritedness1754
blue devils1756
black dog1776
humdudgeon1785
blue devilism1787
dispiritude1797
wishtnessc1800
downheartedness1801
blue-devilage1816
dispiritment1827
downcastness1827
depressiveness1832
dolorosity1835
lugubriosity1840
disconsolance1847
down1856
heavy-heartedness1860
lugubriousness1879
sullenness1885
low key1886
melancholia1896
burn-out1903
mokus1924
downness1927
mopiness1927
deflation1933
wallow1934
the mind > goodness and badness > badness or evil > worse > [noun] > state or condition
ebbc1400
decayc1460
witheredness1535
decadencec1550
autumn1590
fall1590
dotage1606
twilight1609
pejority1615
decadency1632
atrophy1653
effeteness1862
wallow1934
1934 in Webster's New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang.
1938 Times 19 Jan. 13/5 Cannot some effort be made to rescue from the wallow into which in the provinces it is falling that fine old British institution the Christmas pantomime?
1969 J. Gaskell Sweet Sweet Summer 77 And you know how inter-holed and jig-saw-slotted intricate incestuous old showbis is—one despairs, they're all down in the black wallow.
1975 Bookseller 3 May 2380/2 Lifting the Sunday Times novel reviews out of the terrible wallows they have been in for the last few years.
2.
†a. A rolling walk or gait. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > progressive motion > walking > [noun] > manner of walking > rolling
wallow1676
roll1799
1676 J. Dryden in G. Etherege Man of Mode Epil. 96 His various modes from various Fathers follow, One taught the Toss, and one the new French Wallow.
b. The roll or swell of the sea. poetic.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > state of sea > [noun] > swell
surge1567
sea-gate1583
swella1616
running1622
groundswell1818
backwater1838
after-roll1858
wallow1868
1868 W. Morris Earthly Paradise Prol. 31 And much ado had we To ride unspilt the wallow of the sea.
3. dialect. The line into which hay is raked before being carted or cocked.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > harvesting > [noun] > drying of crops in field > row raked for drying
gavelc1440
windrow?1523
wind-balk1532
javel1601
turning1795
roller1844
wallow1875
1875 R. Jefferies in Fraser's Mag. Sept. 384/2 Twenty women..turning a ‘wallow’, or shaking up the green swathes left by the mowers.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1921; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

wallowadj.

Brit. /ˈwɒləʊ/, U.S. /ˈwɑloʊ/
Forms: Old English wealg, Middle English walh, Middle English walhwe, walow, 1500s walowe, 1800s wallow. See also waugh adj.
Etymology: Old English wealg (*walg) = Low German walg, insipid (compare Middle Dutch walghe ‘nausea, fastidium’), Norwegian valg tasteless < Old Germanic *walwo- < pre-Germanic *wolqwo-. The disyllabic wallow represents the inflected form wealg- ; in the uninflected form the final /ɣ/ became /x/, yielding the modern northern waugh adj.
Now dialect (see Eng. Dial. Dict.)
Tasteless, insipid; sickly.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > taste and flavour > insipidity > [adjective]
wallowc897
smatchless?c1225
unsavoury?c1225
fresha1398
savourlessa1398
wearish1398
wershed1398
fond?c1430
unsavoured1435
palled1440
mildc1450
walsh1513
wallowish1548
dead1552
waterish1566
cold1585
flatten1594
seasonless1595
wersha1599
blown1600
flash1601
fatuous1608
tasteless1611
flat1617
insipid1620
ingustable1623
flashy1625
flatted1626
saltless1633
gustless1636
remiss1655
rheumatical1655
untasteable1656
vapid1656
exolete1657
distasted1662
vappous1673
insulse1676
toothless1679
mawkisha1697
intastable1701
waugh1703
impoignant1733
flavourless1736
instimulating1740
deadish1742
mawky1755
brineless1791
wishy-washy1791
keestless1802
shilpit1814
wish-washy1814
sapidless1821
silent1826
slushy1839
bland1878
spendsavour1879
wish-wash1896
dolled1917
spiceless1980
c897 K. Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care lviii. 447 Se wearma welð on godum cræftum, ðylæs he sie wealg for wlæcnesse, & forðæm weorðe utaspiwen.
c1230 Hali Meid. 35 Þi muð is bitter, & walh al þat tu cheowest.
1825 J. T. Brockett Gloss. North Country Words Wallow, insipid.
1886 R. E. G. Cole Gloss. Words S.-W. Lincs. (at cited word) Oh, mother, how wallow this here bread is!—Why, bairn, I'd gotten no salt to put in it; it maks it a bit wallowish.

Compounds

† wallow-sweet adj. Obsolete ?cloyingly sweet.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > taste and flavour > sweetness > [adjective] > overly sweet
wallow-sweetc1440
oversweeta1475
luscious1530
wallowish-sweet1575
overluscious1626
over-sweetened1818
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 515/1 Walhwe swete [Winch. walow~swete], supra in bytter swete.
1532 T. More Confut. Tyndales Answere Pref. sig. Eeiiiv The olde holsome wyne..[doth] offend theyr dronken taste, bycause yt is not so walow swete but drynketh more of ye verder.
a1535 T. More Treat. Passion in Wks. (1557) 1276/1 But the walowe sweete pleasure of that fruite, soone tourned to displeasure and payne.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1921; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

wallowv.1

Brit. /ˈwɒləʊ/, U.S. /ˈwɑloʊ/
Forms: Old English wealwian, weal(o)wigan, Middle English weolewe, Middle English walewe, walwe, Middle English Scottish valou-, Middle English wolow, walu-, Middle English–1600s walow(e, Middle English walo-, Middle English, 1600s wallo-, Middle English–1600s wallowe, 1500s– wallow, 1600s wollow. Also Middle English welu, Middle English welwyn, welowyn.
Etymology: Old English wealwian < Old Germanic *walwōjan; a parallel Old Germanic *walwjan occurs in Gothic (af-, at-, faur-) walwjan, Old English wielwan, to roll (transitive); compare Gothic walwisōn to roll (intransitive). The Germanic *welw-: *walw- represents pre-Germanic *welw-, *welu-, whence Greek ἐλυσθείς rolled, wrapped, ἔλυτρον wrapper, case, Latin volvĕre to roll.
I. Intransitive senses.
†1. Of a round object (a stone, a wheel): To roll (along the ground); to move by revolving or rotating. Only in Old English Hence figurative of a thought: To revolve or be turned over in the mind. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > thought > continued thinking, reflection, contemplation > thinking about, consideration, deliberation > think about, consider [verb (intransitive)] > revolve in mind
to wind up and downc1374
wallowa1387
c888 Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. vi Ðonne þær micel stan wealwiende of þam heohan munte oninnan fealð.
c888 Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. xxxix. §7 Þa felga þeah hongiað on þæm spacan, þeah hi eallunga wealowigen on þære eorðan.
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1876) VI. 301 I praye þat it greve ȝow nouȝt..þeyȝ I telle ȝow openliche what haþ longe tyme i-halowed [v.rr. walwed, ywalwed] in myn herte [L. quod animus meus diu volutavit].
2.
a. Of a person or animal: To roll about, toss or tumble from side to side, while lying down or stretched out. Now rare except as in 3.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in specific manner > irregular movement or agitation > move irregularly or be agitated [verb (intransitive)] > roll or tumble about > of persons or animals
wallowc900
welter?a1400
rollc1405
wamblec1420
rumble?1516
tolter1529
shake1538
worblea1599
flounder1735
tousle1852
the world > movement > motion in specific manner > irregular movement or agitation > move irregularly or be agitated [verb (intransitive)] > roll or tumble about > of persons or animals > wallow
wallowc900
swolderc1200
slabc1315
rolla1398
muddlea1450
welter1530
swetter1536
topple1542
swelt1575
swelter1595
sludder1874
c900 tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (1890) iii. ix. 178 [Ðæt hors] ongon wealwian & on æghwæðre siidan hit gelomlice oferwearp.
c1386 G. Chaucer Wife of Bath's Tale 229 Whan he was with his wyf abedde ybroght, He walweth and he turneth to and fro.
a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Mark ix. 19 [20] He was throw doun to grounde, and walewide, and fomede.
1481 W. Caxton tr. Mirror of World (1913) ii. xv. 102 The hyrchon, whan he fyndeth apples beten or blowen doun of a tree, he woloweth on them tyll he be..laden wyth the fruyt stykyng on his pryckes.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 771/1 I wallowe, I tourne to and fro. Je me voystre. What wylte thou gyve me, an I wyll walowe from this hyll toppe down to the grounde.
1538 T. Elyot Dict. Voluto, to tourne lyinge, to walow.
1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 201 The fysshe..waloweth on euery syde and about the shyppe.
1602 R. Carew Surv. Cornwall i. f. 3v Where the horse walloweth, some haires will still remaine.
1622–5 Essex Archdeaconries Depos. Bk. lf. 129 (MS.) She was drunck and lay wollowing in the durt.
1720 D. Defoe Life Capt. Singleton 100 Some that were wounded and lame, who lay wallowing and screaming..upon the Ground.
1881 B. Jowett tr. Thucydides Hist. Peloponnesian War i. 127 The dead lay as they had died, one upon another, while others hardly alive wallowed [ἐκαλινδοῦντο] in the streets.
†b. said of persons wrestling together. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in specific manner > irregular movement or agitation > move irregularly or be agitated [verb (intransitive)] > roll or tumble about > of persons or animals > of persons wrestling together
wallowc1386
c1386 G. Chaucer Reeve's Tale 358 And in the floor, with nose and mouth to-broke, They walwe, as doon two pigges in a poke.
?a1400 Morte Arth. 1142 Wrothely thai wrythyn and wrystill to-gederz, Welters and walowes ouer with-in thase buskez.
1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur v. v. 168 Thenne Arthur weltred and wrong, that he was other whyle vnder and another tyme aboue, And so weltryng and walowynge they rolled doune the hylle.
c. To move about heavily or clumsily; to go along with a rolling or floundering gait.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > progressive motion > walking > walk, tread, or step [verb (intransitive)] > heavily > and clumsily
wallow?1570
welter1595
galumph1888
?1570 T. Drant Two Serm. B viij b Pope Leo that was so forgrowen with fatte, that he coulde not wallowe vp two staires in the Capitall.
1575 G. Gascoigne Noble Arte Venerie lxxvii. 216 They [i.e. bears] go somtimes a galloppe, & somtimes an amble: but when they wallow then they go at moste ease.
1602 J. Marston Hist. Antonio & Mellida v. sig. I When I see..another wallowe in a greate sloppe, I mistrust the proportion of his thigh.
1603 T. Dekker 1603: Wonderfull Yeare sig. F2 My gorbelly Host..out of the house he wallowed presently.
1609 W. M. Man in Moone E 2 Now he approacheth wallowing like a woman with childe.
1845 S. Judd Margaret ii. i. 186 Toads..shrugged and wallowed up from their torpid beds.
1864 J. R. Lowell Fireside Trav. 232 In a moment you [in the diligence] are rattling and rumbling and wallowing down into the valley.
1876 J. Weiss Wit, Humor, & Shakespeare iv. 130 This rotund earth that goes wallowing eastward in an aboriginal Falstaff.
†d. To flounder in speech. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > defective or inarticulate speech > speak inarticulately or with a defect [verb (intransitive)] > stammer or speak hesitantly
stammerc1000
wlaffe1025
stotec1325
humc1374
mafflea1387
stut1388
rattlea1398
famble14..
mammera1425
drotec1440
falterc1440
stackerc1440
hem1470
wallowa1475
tattle1481
mant1506
happer1519
trip1526
hobblea1529
hack1553
stagger1565
faffle1570
stutter1570
hem and hawk1588
ha1604
hammer1619
titubate1623
haw1632
fork1652
hacker1652
lispc1680
hesitate1706
balbutiate1731
haffle1790
hotter1828
stutter1831
ah1853
catch1889
a1475 Bk. Curtasye (Sloane 1986) l. 63 in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 301 Yf any man speke þat tyme [i.e. when thy mouth is over-full] to the, And þou schalle onsware, hit wille not be But waloande, and a-byde þou most.
3. To roll about, or lie prostrate and relaxed in or upon some liquid, viscous, or yielding substance (e.g. mire, blood, water, dust, sand). Often implying sensual enjoyment or indifference to defilement. Usually with in.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > by habits or actions > habits and actions > [verb (intransitive)] > roll or wallow in mud or water
wallowc897
soil1570
c897 K. Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care liv. 421 He wealwode on ðæm gedrofum wætere.
c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 37 Þan hie [swine] fulle beð, hie secheð to þe fule floddri and þaron waleweð.
a1225 Juliana 41 Ich hit am þe reafde þe riche Job his ahte, swa þat he weolewede of wontreðe iþe mixne.
c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 2328 Þe Amyral..walwede þanne on þe dyche.
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xviii. lxxxvii. 1237 Swyne..holden here heed asyde whanne þey ben seke. And walwen in fenne and in pluddes.
c1450 Mirk's Festial 226 Loþe had he byn forto haue seen wormes and grubbes walewe yn þat blessyd full wombe.
1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry iii. f. 149 A marrishes [is] to be preferred before a dry ground, that they [sc. swine] may..wallowe in the myre, and toomble in the puddels of water.
1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II i. iii. 261 Or wallow naked in December snow. View more context for this quotation
1611 Bible (King James) 2 Sam. xx. 12 Amasa wallowed in blood in the mids of the high way.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vii. 411 Part huge of bulk Wallowing unweildie, enormous in thir Gate Tempest the Ocean. View more context for this quotation
1699 W. Dampier Voy. & Descr. iii. v. 48 'Tis reported the Commanders do keep Bathing-Troughs full of Water to lye and wallow in.
1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Odyssey in Iliad & Odyssey II. x. 391 Hence—seek the sty. There wallow with thy friends.
1819 J. F. Stephens Shaw's Gen. Zool. XI. i. 139 They [Gallinaceæ] are fond of wallowing in the dust.
1838 C. Dickens Oliver Twist I. viii. 129 Little knots of houses where drunken men and women were positively wallowing in the filth.
1878 H. S. Wilson Alpine Ascents ii. 53 We wallow in soft rotten snow above our knees.
4. Of a ship: To roll from side to side; to sail with a rolling motion; to roll helplessly in the trough of the waves. †Of a floating object: To be tossed about.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > action or motion of vessel > [verb (intransitive)] > roll
wallowc1300
rolla1325
welter1423
rocka1522
keel1867
c1300 St. Gregory 371 in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen 57 63 Hij seien a bat come walwynge.
c1350 Northern Passion (MS. Rawl.) II. 128 Þar nettes walweþ þat ssolde hem fede.
1599 E. Wright Voy. Earle of Cumberl. 20 in Certaine Errors Navigation Which caused our ship to rowle & wallowe.
1633 T. James Strange Voy. 79 Which made her swag and wallow in her Docke.
1670 J. Milton Hist. Brit. vi. 247 It were an endless work to relate how they [sc. the Danish ships] wallow'd up and down to every particular place.
1720 D. Defoe Life Capt. Singleton 35 She wallow'd so in the Sea, that we..thought she would at last wallow her self Bottom up.
1914 Blackwood's Mag. Jan. 23/2 The Bussorah was not a good boat, and she pitched and rolled and wallowed all through the Bay.
5. Of the sea, waves: To roll, surge, heave, toss. Of wind: To whirl, blow gustily. Of a liquid: To spout, gush; to spring or well up. Of flame, smoke, vapour: To surge up.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in specific manner > irregular movement or agitation > move irregularly or be agitated [verb (intransitive)] > roll or tumble about
wevea1300
wallow1362
walterc1400
wentle1481
tumble1549
thrash1821
thresh1823
1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. v. 71 Venim or vernisch or vinegre, I trouwe, Walleþ [v.rr. walewiþ, walweþ] in my wombe.
1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. ix. 36 Þe goodes in þis world ben lyk þis grete wawes, Riht as wyndes and watres waleweþ aboute.
c1374 G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (1886) ii. pr. vi. 40 They don as grete damages and destrucciouns as doth the flaumbe of the mountaigne ethna whan the flawmbe walweth vp.
c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Miller's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 430 Hym thynketh verrailiche þt he may se Noes flood come walwyng [v.r. walkyng] as the see.
1529 T. More Dialogue Heresyes i. x. 17 To se that great water cum walowynge vp agaynst the wynde.
a1593 C. Marlowe tr. Lucan First Bk. (1600) i. 614 No vaine sprung out, but from the yawning gash In steed of red bloud wallowed venemous gore.
1612 J. Speed Theatre of Empire of Great Brit. ii. v. 105/2 At the ebbe and fall of tide, it [sc. the well] walloweth vp amaine.
1848 J. R. Lowell Vision Sir Launfal ii. 19 Through the deep gulf of the chimney wide Wallows the Yule-log's roaring tide.
1913 Eng. Rev. Nov. 514 The smoke-funnel tottered, then fell thundering upon the deck... Enormous clouds of steam wallowed up from below.
6. figurative (cf. sense 3).
a. To remain plunged in the mire of sensuality, degraded habits, or the like; ‘to live in any state of filth or gross vice’ (Johnson); to take delight in gross pleasures or a demoralizing way of life. Usually with in.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > sensuous pleasure > sensuality > live sensually [verb (intransitive)] > remain plunged in sensuality
wallowc1230
welter1535
c1230 Hali Meid. 13 Þa ilke sari wrecches, þat i þat ilke fule wurðinge, unweddede, walewið.
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 126 We waleweþ ase zuyn hyer beneþe ine þise wose of þise wordle.
c1380 J. Wyclif Wks. (1880) 217 To walwe in glotonye & drounkenesse as swyn in þe feen.
a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. clxxxxviii. f. cxiiv He walowed in Lechery.
1577 E. Woolton Castell of Christians sig. Hj Some of them..do wallowe and tumble in al kinde of wickednesse.
1611 Bible (King James) Ecclus. xxiii. 12 The godly..shall not wallow in their sinnes. View more context for this quotation
1641 J. Milton Animadversions 36 To purifie and renew his Church that lay wallowing in Idolatrous pollutions.
1723 D. Defoe Hist. Col. Jack (ed. 2) 212 I wallow'd in Sloth and Voluptuous Ease.
1871 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues I. 547 The corrupted nature..wallows like a quadruped in sensual pleasures.
†b. To be involved in (error, self-will); to be immersed or engrossed in (some occupation, activity, etc.); to go in and out, be busy among (a body of persons). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > doing > activity or occupation > be occupied or busy (in or at something) [verb (intransitive)]
playOE
wendc1325
wallowc1380
busyc1384
plya1393
walka1400
stickle1566
to ply it1582
bebusied1603
to work overtime1938
c1380 J. Wyclif Wks. (1880) 261 Þerfore sathanas ordeyned þes newe sectis..to walwe among þe peple & stire hem bi word & ensaumple to be vnstable in þe feiþ.
1399 W. Langland Richard Redeles i. 27 Graceles gostis..That..walwed in her willis, ffor-weyned in here youthe.
1415 T. Hoccleve To Sir J. Oldcastle 318 Þat yee aryse out of your errour soone, þat there-in walwid han goon is ful yore.
a1633 G. Herbert Priest to Temple (1652) xiv. 60 There he shall find his flock most naturally as they are, wallowing in the midst of their affairs.
c. To abound or ‘roll’ in (wealth, possessions). Chiefly with contemptuous implication. ? Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > wealth > be rich [verb (intransitive)] > be very rich
wallowa1400
to roll in ——1573
to stink of (or with) money1877
roll1883
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 4503 Mon þat waleweþ al in ȝeles [Vesp. weltres in his weles.].
1564 W. Bullein Dialogue against Fever Pestilence f. 62v This felow walloweth in benefices, as the Hedgehog doeth with apples upon his prickes.
1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 742 Egelricke..found such a mightie masse of money buried within the ground..that wallowing now in wealth, hee gaue over his Bishopricke.
1679 T. Shadwell True Widow iii. 37 My Lady wallows in money, she knows not what to do with it.
1765 J. Wesley Wks. (1872) III. 238 A man that wallows in gold and silver.
d. jocular. To give oneself up unrestrainedly to enjoyment; to revel in.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > pleasure > joy, gladness, or delight > take joy or delight in [verb (transitive)]
delightc1230
to have joy of1297
joyc1330
enjoy1462
delect1510
to enjoy of?1521
lustc1540
revel1592
luxuriate1653
rollick1848
wallow1876
thrill1935
the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > lack of moderation or restraint > act immoderately or without restraint [verb (intransitive)]
overdoa1325
outragea1387
surfeitc1400
outraya1450
exceed1488
lasha1560
overlash1579
overlaunch1579
wanton1631
extravagate1829
wallow1876
to hit the high spots1891
to go overboard1931
1876 ‘M. Twain’ Adventures Tom Sawyer x. 97 But if ever I get off this time, I lay I'll just waller in Sunday-schools!
1881 ‘M. Twain’ Lett. to Publishers (1967) 136 The Earl's literary excrement charmed me like Fanny Hill. I just wallowed in it.
1887 M. E. Braddon Like & Unlike II. ix. 140 I mean to wallow in strawberries and cream for the rest of the evening.
1905 H. A. Vachell Hill v. 121 I used to buy the Police News when I was a kid, and simply wallow in it.
II. Transitive senses (chiefly causative).
†7. To cause (a rounded object) to roll on the ground; to trundle. Also with adverb, as away, to. Also, to carry forth, transport. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > progressive motion > specific manner of progressive motion > move or cause to move progressively in specific manner [verb (transitive)] > cause to roll along
wallowa1380
rolla1398
revolve?a1425
trollc1450
bowl1580
trundle1598
run1889
a1380 St. Augustine 1331 in Horstm. Altengl. Leg. (1878) 84 Þis messagers gret ȝiftus ȝauen Seint Austines bodi forte hauen, And forþ wiþ hem þei gonne it walwe, Til þei come to þe toun of Janwe.
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Matt. xxvii. 60 He walowid to a grete stoon at the dore of the biriel.
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Mark xvi. 4 And thei biholdinge syȝen the stoon walewid awey.
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 521/2 Welwyn', or rollyn' al thyngys þat may not be borne, volvo.
1662 J. Chandler tr. J. B. van Helmont Oriatrike 18 I clearly beheld, that Reason is wallowed up and down, among thick darknesses.
†8. To cause (a person or animal) to roll or toss about; to cause to lie prostrate or immersed (in some liquid or sticky substance). Chiefly reflexive and in passive. Also figurative. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in specific manner > irregular movement or agitation > agitate [verb (transitive)] > cause to roll or tumble about > cause to wallow
bewallowc1275
wallowc1384
waddle1569
beswelter1582
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Mark ix. 19 And he cast doun in to the erthe, was walewid frothinge [L. Et elisus in terram volutabatur spumans].
a1400 G. Chaucer To Rosemounde 17–18 Nas neuer pyk walwed in galauntyne As I in loue am walwed and Iwounde.
c1480 (a1400) St. Mary of Egypt 467 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 309 Ay valouand me in þat syne, as sow a medynge dois vithine.
1553 T. Wilson Arte of Rhetorique 116 I was merye here upon this bancke wyth an other prieste, and wallowynge me downe upon the grasse, I said these wordes.
1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry iii. f. 122 A Horse that is weery..wylbe woonderfully refreasshed..yf he may wallow him selfe eyther in the stable, or other dry place.
1611 Bible (King James) Jer. vi. 26 Gird thee with sackcloth, and wallowe thy selfe in ashes. View more context for this quotation
1619 E. M. Bolton tr. Florus Rom. Hist. iv. ii. 418 The yong kings body was found as it lay wallowed vnder mud.
1673 R. Allestree Ladies Calling Pref. 3 How can a soul that remembers its celestial extraction, wallow itself in the mire.
†9. To cause (the sea) to roll or toss. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > wave > movement of waves > [verb (transitive)] > cause to roll or toss
wallowc1374
c1374 G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (1886) i. met. vii. 19 Yif the trowble wynde þat hyht Auster, turnyng and waluynge the see medleth the hete.
†10. With complement: ? To make (dirty) by wallowing. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > dirt > dirtiness or soiling with specific kinds of dirt > dirty or soil with specific kinds of dirt [verb (transitive)] > dirty with mud > roll in mud
wallow1570
bemire?1575
1570 T. Tusser Hundreth Good Pointes Husbandry (new ed.) f. 40 All dyrt and mire some wallow bed, as spaniels loue to doe.

Derivatives

ˈwallowing n. and adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in specific manner > irregular movement or agitation > [noun] > rolling or tumbling about > wallowing
wallowing?c1225
weltering1448
volutation1655
the world > movement > motion in specific manner > irregular movement or agitation > [adjective] > rolling or tumbling about > wallowing
wallowing?c1225
weltering?1553
weltered1590
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 217 Þe of þe walewunge. Rug & side & wombe ron alof gure blode.
1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 517 Þe wrastlinge [v.rr. walewinge, wallowynge] bitvene hom was somdel toȝt.
1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) 2 Pet. ii. 22 A sowe waschun in the walewinge of cley [L. in volutabro luti].
a1400–50 Wars Alex. 4064 Wele seldom is þe see with him-selfe turbild Bot with þir walowand windis.
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 521/2 Welwynge, volutacio.
1553 R. Eden tr. S. Münster Treat. Newe India sig. Cjv Their pase in goyng, is somewhat slowe and walowinge.
1555 W. Waterman tr. J. Boemus Fardle of Facions Pref. 18 To cutte through the wallowyng seas.
1592 T. Nashe Strange Newes G 3 Master Stannyhurst..trod a foule lumbring boystrous wallowing measures [sic] in his translation of Virgil.
1606 G. Chapman Monsieur D'Oliue ii. i. D 1 b There saw I our great Galliasses tost Vpon the wallowing waues.
1642 J. Milton Apol. Smectymnuus 51 We cry out Sacriledge and misdevotion against those who in zeale have demolish't the dens and cages of her uncleane wallowings.
1680 R. L'Estrange tr. Erasmus 20 Select Colloquies i. 8 The wallowing of the great Ship overturn'd it.
1684 London Gaz. No. 1906/4 She [a mare] hath a wallowing pace.
1887 W. Morris tr. Homer Odyssey I. xii. 222 Drive thou the ship aloof through the reek and the wallowing sea.
1888 J. Bryce Amer. Commonw. II. lxviii. 532 The ringsters of both parties return to their wallowing in the mire. [Echoing 2 Pet. ii. 22.]
ˈwallowingly adv.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in specific manner > irregular movement or agitation > [adverb] > tossing, tumbling, or rolling > wallowing
wallowingly1552
1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Wallowyngelye, volutatim.
1903 H. Clifford Free Lance x. 81 She rose and plunged and rolled wallowingly.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1921; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

wallowv.2

Brit. /ˈwɒləʊ/, U.S. /ˈwɑloʊ/
Forms: Old English wealwian, wealowian, wealuwian, wealowigan, Middle English weolewe(n, welyhe, past participle welud, walud, Middle English welewe(n, welwe(n, Middle English welowe, walow(e, welwye, wolwe, Middle English wellow, walwyn, wilowe, past participle walluid, waleyt, Middle English– wallow.
Etymology: Old English wealwian , < Germanic root *walχw- , *walγw- , whence wealg wallow adj. The Middle English we(o)lewe , etc. may represent a different ablaut-grade. Compare welk v.1, which may be remotely connected.
Obsolete exc. dialect.
intransitive. To wither, fade; to waste away. literal and figurative. Often conjugated with be.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > condition of matter > bad condition of matter > deteriorate in condition [verb (intransitive)] > lose freshness
wallowc888
falloweOE
fordwinec1000
foryellowc1220
fade13..
windlec1325
wanzec1400
witherc1400
unappair1426
quail?c1430
withera1500
quell1579
tainta1616
daver1621
welter1645
tarnish1678
the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by poor growth > wither [verb (intransitive)] > wilt or droop
wallowa1340
fade1340
welken1398
vade1492
flag1611
mourn1612
wilt1691
wilter1790
to miff off1883
c888 Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. xxi On lencten hit grewð, & on hærfest hit wealwað.
a1300 Cursor Mundi 1326 O þe steppes vmthoght he þan þat welud war for sin of man.
a1340 R. Rolle Psalter lxxii. 17 When þair flour welkes [v.r. wilowes] & wytes awaye.
a1350 in G. L. Brook Harley Lyrics (1968) 47 Such serewe haþ myn sides þurhsoht þat al y weolewe away to noht.
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Isa. xix. 6 The reed and the resshe shal welewen.
1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. VII. 477 Þis land wiþ his kyng..welwes away.
c1420 Wyntoun Cron. i. Prol. 123 To þis my wit is wallowit dry, But fleure or froyte.
1513 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid vii. Prol. 64 Herbis, flouris, and gersis wallowit away.
1530 Myroure Oure Ladye (Fawkes) (1873) ii. 216 The fayrenesse of the worlde was welwed wyth brennyng of thre fyres... These three fyers are Pryde, Couetyse, and flesshely luste.
1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) I. 20 Now is he wallowit and waik as ony wand.
1570 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xv. 24 In earth, ȝe sweit flouris, tak na rute, But wallow altogidder!
a1699 J. Kirkton Secret & True Hist. Church Scotl. (1817) vii. 269 Indeed after that day his flower begane to wallow.
a1792 Geordie iii, in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1890) IV. vii. 127/1 When first she lookd the letter on, She was baith red and rosy; But she had na read a word but twa, Till she wallowt like a lily.

Derivatives

ˈwallowed adj. withered, faded, discoloured.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > condition of matter > bad condition of matter > [adjective] > having lost freshness
fade1303
welkeda1325
walloweda1400
forfaded1413
overworn1565
faded1574
tarnished1716
tired1766
weltered1855
swivelled1898
the world > matter > colour > state or mode of having colour > absence of colour > [adjective] > having lost colour
fade1303
discoloureda1393
walloweda1400
discolorate?a1425
whitterish1679
fady1736
washed out1796
greyed-out1919
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 11213 He þat þe walud wand moght ger In a night leif and fruit ber.
a1437 King James I Good Counsel 11 Of grene gress sone cumis wallowit hay.
1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid vii. viii. 11 With wallowit wyngis [L. fuscis alis].
1568 A. Scott Poems (1896) xiv. 16 How far þe rosy gowlis Passis the wallowit weidis in þe vaill.
1719 Hardyknute i. 297 in J. Pinkerton Select Sc. Ballads (1783) I. 13 In thrauis of dethe, wi wallow'd cheik,..The bleiding corps of warriours lay.
1843 J. Crawford in Whistle-Binkie 5th Ser. 117 Our dochters..Can thow the icy tags that hing About our wallow't hearts.
ˈwallowing n. and adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > condition of matter > bad condition of matter > [noun] > condition of having lost freshness > losing freshness
wallowingc1230
welkeningc1450
withering?1523
quailing1542
wilt1855
c1230 Hali Meid. 35 Al is, wið a welewunge [v.r. weolewunge], þi wlite ouer warpen.
c1450 Mirk's Festial 256 Roses and flowres wythout welewyng.
1483 Cath. Angl. 413/2 Wellowynge, flactor, flactencia, Marcor; Marcessibilis, Marcibilis.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1921; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.a1591adj.c897v.1c888v.2c888
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