Buden.

Brit.

/bjuːd/, U.S.

/bjud/

Etymology: < the name of Bude in Cornwall.

Bude-burner n. a gas-burner invented by Sir Goldsworthy Gurney (who resided at Bude), consisting of several concentric argand rings. Bude-light n. see quot. Bude sand n. sand from Bude, used as a dressing for soil.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > stone > stony material > [noun] > sand > types of

sea-sandc1220

black sand1536

gold sand1578

quicksand1641

iron sand1681

crag1735

Bude sand1808

musical sand1858

sounding sand1884

singing sand1897

squeaking sand1966

the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > preparation of land or soil > fertilizing or manuring > [noun] > use of other natural fertilizers > other natural fertilizers

marl1280

pomacec1450

cod's head1545

buck-ashes1563

bucking-ashes1577

guano1604

greaves1614

rape cake1634

muck1660

wool-nipping1669

willow-earth1683

green dressing1732

bone flour1758

bone powder1758

poudrette1764

bone dust1771

green manure1785

fish-manure1788

wassal1797

lime-rubbish1805

Bude sand1808

bone1813

cancerine1840

inch-bones1846

bonemeal1849

silver sand1851

fish guano1857

food1857

terramare1866

kainite1868

fish-flour1879

soil1879

fish-scrap1881

gas lime1882

bean cake1887

inoculant1916

the world > matter > light > artificial light > an artificial light > artificial light defined by light-source > [noun] > gaslight or lamp > obtained by specific method

Bude-light1835

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > heating or making hot > that which or one who heats > [noun] > a device for heating or warming > fuelled by gas > gas-burner > types of

cockspur burner1808

rose burner1820

batwing burner1828

gas ring1837

rosette1856

Bude-burner1875

1808 C. Vancouver Gen. View Agric. Devon vii. 157 Old spaded and burnt moors, dressed with 100 seams of bude sand.

1835 Mechanics' Mag. 23 80 The Bude Light is a name given by Mr. Gurney..to a new light..obtained by directing a stream of oxy-hydrogen gas on a quantity of pounded egg shells.

1875 R. Hunt & F. W. Rudler Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 7) II. 559 The Bude burner consists of 2 or 3 concentric argand rings perforated.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

budev.

Brit.

/buːd/, U.S.

/bud/, Scottish English

/bud/

Forms:

α. northern and north-west midlands, past tense Middle English bod, Middle English bode, Middle English bud, Middle English bude; Scottish, chiefly past tense 1700s–1800s boud, 1800s beed (north-eastern), 1800s bid, 1800s boude, 1800s byd, 1800s– bood, 1800s– bud, 1800s– bude, 1900s– bade (Lanarkshire, rare), 1900s– bode, 1900s– buid; also Irish English (northern) 1900s– beed, 1900s– bud.

β. late Middle English boot (in a late copy), late Middle English boote (in a late copy), late Middle English bot (northern, past tense), late Middle English both (northern, past tense); Scottish, chiefly past tense pre-1700 bwit, pre-1700 1800s bute, pre-1700 1800s– bit, 1700s beght (north-eastern), 1700s beight (north-eastern), 1700s–1800s boot, 1700s–1800s buit, 1800s beat (north-eastern), 1800s be'et (north-eastern), 1800s beit (north-eastern), 1800s be't, 1800s beut, 1800s– but, 1900s– beet (north-eastern); also Irish English (northern) 1900s– beet, 1900s– bit, 1900s– but.

Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymons: English behoved , behove v.

Etymology: Originally a contracted variant of behoved, 3rd singular past indicative of behove v. (compare the 3rd singular past tense variant form byhod at behove v. Forms); subsequently sometimes reinterpreted as a stem form showing invariant present and past forms. Compare bus v.¹, and later boost v.¹The β. forms originally (in northern Middle English) show devoicing of the final consonant. The vowel variation shown by Scots forms reflects phonological developments in Scots, although association or confusion with be v. may also have a been a factor. This probably largely results from the frequent occurrence of this verb before an infinitive in a construction expressing necessity or obligation, which was similar to the construction of be to with an active infinitive (see be v. 18a).

Scottish in later use.

I. As past tense.

†1. transitive. impersonal. With object and bare infinitive. It behoved, was obligatory upon, was necessary for (a person to do something). Obsolete.

ΚΠ

a1400 Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 986/68* Þat day..bode man agayn be boght.

a1425 (c1333–52) L. Minot Poems (1914) 31 At þe Neuil cros nedes bud þam [sc. the Scots] knele.

a1450 St. George l. 24 in M. Görlach E. Midland Revision S.-Eng. Legendary (1976) 33 (MED) Of þe folke bud þam nede vnto þis dragone send..ylke a day one.

c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) 3793 Þai went be waldis & be wastis..And armed bud þam all bee for angwischis o bestis.

?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) 5179 Þaim bude nede þe ebbe abyde, Or þai to Eland ȝode.

2. transitive. With a person or thing as subject and bare or to-infinitive. Was necessitated or obliged; should, must (with both deontic and epistemic force).

ΚΠ

c1400 Life St. Anne (Minn.) (1928) l. 2861 (MED) Scho spake & sayd þe way þat þai bud take, To seke ihesus.

?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) 274 Þe damysele, nyne moneths past, Both be lyuerd..A faire knaue childe scho bare.

1533 J. Gau tr. C. Pedersen Richt Vay sig. Fi^v Sua christ bwit to be ane natural bairne.

c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 4^v Wo this wethur shuld wyn bude wirke as I [sc. the narrator] say.

a1722 J. Lauder Jrnls. (1900) 61 The bischop thought..that he bit to be but a ignorant fellow.

1790 A. Shirrefs Poems 43 (Jam.) A' he said boot just be to the point.

1868 G. MacDonald Robert Falconer I. 67 ‘I bude to speik whan I was spoken till.’

1887 R. L. Stevenson Merry Men 143 We aye thocht it but to thun'er on the morn; but the morn cam', an' the morn's morning, and it was aye the same uncanny weather.

1904 K. L. Montgomery Major Weir xxv. 392 Dooms! they bude to have their fill of her stiffness yesterday!

1920 J. L. Waugh Heroes in Homespun 41 The authorities said she bude gang to the poorshouse.

1931 Northern Whig 5 Dec. 13/2 I ‘beet tae be’ there—had to be there.

1985 D. Purves MacCodrum o Selkies (SCOTS) Thay coud never byde lang divertin thairsells on the forelaund, an i the gloamin o the saicont dayset, thay buid pit on thair selkie skins again an slip back intil the sea.

1995 W. Neill in S. Blackhall Lament for Raj 26 Thay bood tae pit him doun for yon brave ettle, the sleikit gentrie that just cudna thole an upstairt peasant pyntin oot the truith.

II. As present tense (now usually with third person singular inflection).

3. transitive. With bare or (now usually) to-infinitive. With present or future reference. Is necessitated to; is destined to; shall.

ΚΠ

a1425 (?a1350) Gospel of Nicodemus (Harl.) (1907) 456 His dedes sall euermore last, And þaires bot nedely dy.

1578 in W. Fraser Bk. Carlaverock (1873) II. 487 He that is offendit bute ressaue his redres.

a1774 R. Fergusson Poems (1785) 169 For tricks ye buit be trying.

1818 S. E. Ferrier Marriage II. xi. 123 An ye bute to hae an Inglish wife tu.

1866 Cornhill Mag. 13 359 They bude to meet again.

1895 R. Carstairs Human Nature in Rural India 215 We hae been sel't or gien awa tae them, an' they bood tae be our maisters.

1995 D. Purves Hert’s Bluid 23 The fell progress that buids ti mell the human race intil a waesum brie o sachlessness.

2004 S. Blackhall Serendipity 29 I bood tae pu tatties like a gweed fermer's loon.

†4. transitive. impersonal with object and infinitive. Is obliged, must. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1607 (?a1425) Chester Plays (Harl. 2124) ii. 297 Against vs him boots [1591 Huntington boote he] not to bicker, though he flyte, flatter, or flicker.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	bude
释义	Buden. Brit. /bjuːd/, U.S. /bjud/ Etymology: < the name of Bude in Cornwall. Bude-burner n. a gas-burner invented by Sir Goldsworthy Gurney (who resided at Bude), consisting of several concentric argand rings. Bude-light n. see quot. Bude sand n. sand from Bude, used as a dressing for soil. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > stone > stony material > [noun] > sand > types of sea-sandc1220 black sand1536 gold sand1578 quicksand1641 iron sand1681 crag1735 Bude sand1808 musical sand1858 sounding sand1884 singing sand1897 squeaking sand1966 the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > preparation of land or soil > fertilizing or manuring > [noun] > use of other natural fertilizers > other natural fertilizers marl1280 pomacec1450 cod's head1545 buck-ashes1563 bucking-ashes1577 guano1604 greaves1614 rape cake1634 muck1660 wool-nipping1669 willow-earth1683 green dressing1732 bone flour1758 bone powder1758 poudrette1764 bone dust1771 green manure1785 fish-manure1788 wassal1797 lime-rubbish1805 Bude sand1808 bone1813 cancerine1840 inch-bones1846 bonemeal1849 silver sand1851 fish guano1857 food1857 terramare1866 kainite1868 fish-flour1879 soil1879 fish-scrap1881 gas lime1882 bean cake1887 inoculant1916 the world > matter > light > artificial light > an artificial light > artificial light defined by light-source > [noun] > gaslight or lamp > obtained by specific method Bude-light1835 the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > heating or making hot > that which or one who heats > [noun] > a device for heating or warming > fuelled by gas > gas-burner > types of cockspur burner1808 rose burner1820 batwing burner1828 gas ring1837 rosette1856 Bude-burner1875 1808 C. Vancouver Gen. View Agric. Devon vii. 157 Old spaded and burnt moors, dressed with 100 seams of bude sand. 1835 Mechanics' Mag. 23 80 The Bude Light is a name given by Mr. Gurney..to a new light..obtained by directing a stream of oxy-hydrogen gas on a quantity of pounded egg shells. 1875 R. Hunt & F. W. Rudler Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 7) II. 559 The Bude burner consists of 2 or 3 concentric argand rings perforated. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online December 2021). budev. Brit. /buːd/, U.S. /bud/, Scottish English /bud/ Forms: α. northern and north-west midlands, past tense Middle English bod, Middle English bode, Middle English bud, Middle English bude; Scottish, chiefly past tense 1700s–1800s boud, 1800s beed (north-eastern), 1800s bid, 1800s boude, 1800s byd, 1800s– bood, 1800s– bud, 1800s– bude, 1900s– bade (Lanarkshire, rare), 1900s– bode, 1900s– buid; also Irish English (northern) 1900s– beed, 1900s– bud. β. late Middle English boot (in a late copy), late Middle English boote (in a late copy), late Middle English bot (northern, past tense), late Middle English both (northern, past tense); Scottish, chiefly past tense pre-1700 bwit, pre-1700 1800s bute, pre-1700 1800s– bit, 1700s beght (north-eastern), 1700s beight (north-eastern), 1700s–1800s boot, 1700s–1800s buit, 1800s beat (north-eastern), 1800s be'et (north-eastern), 1800s beit (north-eastern), 1800s be't, 1800s beut, 1800s– but, 1900s– beet (north-eastern); also Irish English (northern) 1900s– beet, 1900s– bit, 1900s– but. Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymons: English behoved , behove v. Etymology: Originally a contracted variant of behoved, 3rd singular past indicative of behove v. (compare the 3rd singular past tense variant form byhod at behove v. Forms); subsequently sometimes reinterpreted as a stem form showing invariant present and past forms. Compare bus v.¹, and later boost v.¹The β. forms originally (in northern Middle English) show devoicing of the final consonant. The vowel variation shown by Scots forms reflects phonological developments in Scots, although association or confusion with be v. may also have a been a factor. This probably largely results from the frequent occurrence of this verb before an infinitive in a construction expressing necessity or obligation, which was similar to the construction of be to with an active infinitive (see be v. 18a). Scottish in later use. I. As past tense. †1. transitive. impersonal. With object and bare infinitive. It behoved, was obligatory upon, was necessary for (a person to do something). Obsolete. ΚΠ a1400 Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 986/68* Þat day..bode man agayn be boght. a1425 (c1333–52) L. Minot Poems (1914) 31 At þe Neuil cros nedes bud þam [sc. the Scots] knele. a1450 St. George l. 24 in M. Görlach E. Midland Revision S.-Eng. Legendary (1976) 33 (MED) Of þe folke bud þam nede vnto þis dragone send..ylke a day one. c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) 3793 Þai went be waldis & be wastis..And armed bud þam all bee for angwischis o bestis. ?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) 5179 Þaim bude nede þe ebbe abyde, Or þai to Eland ȝode. 2. transitive. With a person or thing as subject and bare or to-infinitive. Was necessitated or obliged; should, must (with both deontic and epistemic force). ΚΠ c1400 Life St. Anne (Minn.) (1928) l. 2861 (MED) Scho spake & sayd þe way þat þai bud take, To seke ihesus. ?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) 274 Þe damysele, nyne moneths past, Both be lyuerd..A faire knaue childe scho bare. 1533 J. Gau tr. C. Pedersen Richt Vay sig. Fi^v Sua christ bwit to be ane natural bairne. c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 4^v Wo this wethur shuld wyn bude wirke as I [sc. the narrator] say. a1722 J. Lauder Jrnls. (1900) 61 The bischop thought..that he bit to be but a ignorant fellow. 1790 A. Shirrefs Poems 43 (Jam.) A' he said boot just be to the point. 1868 G. MacDonald Robert Falconer I. 67 ‘I bude to speik whan I was spoken till.’ 1887 R. L. Stevenson Merry Men 143 We aye thocht it but to thun'er on the morn; but the morn cam', an' the morn's morning, and it was aye the same uncanny weather. 1904 K. L. Montgomery Major Weir xxv. 392 Dooms! they bude to have their fill of her stiffness yesterday! 1920 J. L. Waugh Heroes in Homespun 41 The authorities said she bude gang to the poorshouse. 1931 Northern Whig 5 Dec. 13/2 I ‘beet tae be’ there—had to be there. 1985 D. Purves MacCodrum o Selkies (SCOTS) Thay coud never byde lang divertin thairsells on the forelaund, an i the gloamin o the saicont dayset, thay buid pit on thair selkie skins again an slip back intil the sea. 1995 W. Neill in S. Blackhall Lament for Raj 26 Thay bood tae pit him doun for yon brave ettle, the sleikit gentrie that just cudna thole an upstairt peasant pyntin oot the truith. II. As present tense (now usually with third person singular inflection). 3. transitive. With bare or (now usually) to-infinitive. With present or future reference. Is necessitated to; is destined to; shall. ΚΠ a1425 (?a1350) Gospel of Nicodemus (Harl.) (1907) 456 His dedes sall euermore last, And þaires bot nedely dy. 1578 in W. Fraser Bk. Carlaverock (1873) II. 487 He that is offendit bute ressaue his redres. a1774 R. Fergusson Poems (1785) 169 For tricks ye buit be trying. 1818 S. E. Ferrier Marriage II. xi. 123 An ye bute to hae an Inglish wife tu. 1866 Cornhill Mag. 13 359 They bude to meet again. 1895 R. Carstairs Human Nature in Rural India 215 We hae been sel't or gien awa tae them, an' they bood tae be our maisters. 1995 D. Purves Hert’s Bluid 23 The fell progress that buids ti mell the human race intil a waesum brie o sachlessness. 2004 S. Blackhall Serendipity 29 I bood tae pu tatties like a gweed fermer's loon. †4. transitive. impersonal with object and infinitive. Is obliged, must. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1607 (?a1425) Chester Plays (Harl. 2124) ii. 297 Against vs him boots [1591 Huntington boote he] not to bicker, though he flyte, flatter, or flicker. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1808v.a1400
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