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单词 wale
释义

walen.1

Brit. /weɪl/, U.S. /weɪl/
Forms: Old English walu, Middle English–1500s Scottish waill, 1500s–1600s waile, 1600s wayle, ( waale, wael, weale), 1500s Scottish, 1700s–1800s wail, (1500s Scottish vale), 1700s–1800s whale; Middle English walle, 1500s–1700s wall; Middle English– wale.
Etymology: Old English walu strong feminine (also weak plural walan), mark of a lash, weal; also, in charters, used as a topographical term, perhaps ridge, bank (of stone or earth). A sense ‘stripe’ appears to be implied by the derivative waled (translating Latin histriatus, apparently mistaken for striatus striped). Compare Low German wale (wale , wâl , Doornkaat-Koolman), Dutch dialect woal , mark of a lash, weal (= sense 2). The other senses below are peculiar to English. The identity of the word in its various senses is not quite certain, but the assumption of ‘raised line or strip’ as the primary sense plausibly accounts for all the recorded applications. The relation of the word to Old Germanic *walu-z rod, wand (Gothic walu-s, Old Norse vǫl-r, Middle Swedish val, Old Frisian walu, North Frisian waale) is uncertain.
†1. A ridge (of earth or stone). Only Old English
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1024 in Kemble Cod. Dipl. IV. 31 Of ðam beorge suþ on ða ealdan wale, swa on corf getes westran cotan of ðam cotan suþ be wale on ðære dice hyrnan.
1045 in Kemble Cod. Dipl. IV. 98 Ofer ðone hæðfeld in stanwale; andlang ðære wale on ðone portweg.
1045 in Kemble Cod. Dipl. V. 334 On ða eastlangan dicwale.
2.
a. The mark or ridge raised on the flesh by the blow of a rod, lash, or the like. = weal n.2The form weal, now more usual, is due to confusion with wheal n.1 a pustule, swelling, which is often misused for wale.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > blemish > [noun] > mark of blow > weal
walea1100
stripec1440
yedderc1440
scrat1542
wipe1594
whelka1761
wheal1811
weal1821
wealing1902
a1100 Aldhelm Glosses in A. S. Napier Old Eng Glosses (1900) 3466 Uibices. i. uerbera, walan.
a1100 Aldhelm Glosses in A. S. Napier Old Eng. Glosses (1900) 4487 Uibices, wala.
a1100 Aldhelm Glosses in A. S. Napier Old Eng. Glosses (1900) 4759 Uibice, wale.
a1100 Aldhelm Glosses in A. S. Napier Old Eng. Glosses (1900) 5365 Asperæ inuectionis, stiþra wala.
c1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode (1869) ii. lxxiv. 103 J keepe him that he haue no peyne and that ther be no wales in the hondes.
c1450 Mirk's Festial 113 Saynt Barnard yn Cristys person..sayth þus:..I haue my body for thy loue full of gret walus.
?1511 R. Whittington Opusculum Affabre Recognitum sig. Avij Vibex, a wale [1523 adds of a rodde].
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 286/1 Wall of a strype, enfleure.
1598 Bp. J. Hall Virgidemiarum: 3 Last Bks. iv. i. 8 Shall then that foule infamous Cyneds hide Laugh at the purple wales of others side?
1610 Bible (Douay) II. Isa. liii. 5 With the waile of his stripe [L. livore ejus] we are healed.
?1611 G. Chapman tr. Homer Iliads ii. 232 He..strooke, his backe and shoulders so, That bloody wales rose.
1707 E. Ward Wooden World Dissected 101 Ye shall have him as proud of the Wales on his Back, as a Holy-Land Pilgrim is of a Jerusalem-Print.
1795 M. Underwood Treat. Dis. Children (ed. 3) I. 102 The..lower limbs..are found covered with large wales, resembling those arising from the sting of nettles.
1867 E. B. Pusey Eleven Addr. (1908) vi. 65 The traces of the Crown of thorns,..the wales of the scourges.
1868 J. H. Blunt Reformation Church of Eng. I. 384 His back was striped with the wales of such frequent scourging.
figurative.1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 558 The wales, marks, scarres and cicatrices of sinne and vice remaine to be seene.
†b. Misused for wheal n.1 Obsolete. rare.
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1590 R. Harvey Plaine Percevall sig. B3 What, what, latine in the mouth of a plaine fellow? Nay I wot neere, but it hath left behind it a wale in my throate like a strange bodylouse in an vnknowne pasture.
1847 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words II Wale, (9) A tumour or large swelling. Kent.
1887 W. D. Parish & W. F. Shaw Dict. Kentish Dial.
3.
a. Textiles. A ridge or raised line (consisting of a thread or threads) in a textile fabric; also collective with epithet, as indicating the texture of a particular fabric. Cf. waled adj.1 and wale v.1
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the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > [noun] > texture of
wale1583
fabric1758
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric manufactured in specific way > [noun] > ribbed or corded > rib or cord
wale1583
cord1875
1583 P. Stubbes Second Pt. Anat. Abuses sig. D7v To lay downe the wooll so close, as you can hardly see any wale.
1604 ‘W. Terilo’ Piece of Friar Bacons Prophesie xxxiv. C 2 b A Hose with a good waile.
1607 T. Middleton Michaelmas Terme ii. sig. D2v By my troth exceeding good cloath, a good wale t'as.
1662 J. Evelyn Sculptura v. 120 It does not at all concern the tissue, Tenor or range of the Threads and Wales (as they call them) which is easily imitated.
1668 T. Rokeby Let. 28 Sept. in Brief Mem. (1861) 16 My wife desires to fix you either to a farandine or a mohaire with a small weale [for a gown].
1675 Let. fr. E.I. Co. to Factors Fort St. George Dec. (MS.) Theis Musters You now Sent Us appeare to be all Taffety Wale.
1684 J. Haskins Brit. Patent 241 (1857) 1 Lines or creases resembling the Wale of Tabby or Mohaire.
1696 J. F. Merchant's Ware-house 13 A sort of Callico-Dimetty..Wove with a Wale like a plain Dimetty.
1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. Wale, a rising part in the surface of cloth.
1828 N. Webster Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. Wale, in cloth, a ridge or streak rising above the rest. We say, cloth is wove with a wale.
1886 S. W. Beck Draper's Dict. Wale, a ridge on the surface of cloth.
figurative.1587 G. Gascoigne Hearbes Posies (1907) 329 The feeble thred which Lachesis hath sponne, To drawe my dayes in short abode with thee, Hath wrought a webbe which now (welneare) is donne, That wale is worne.a1625 F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Four Plays in One in Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Dddddddd2/1 Thou art rougher far, and of a couser wale, fuller of pride.
b. transferred. A stripe (of colour).
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the world > matter > colour > variegation > stripiness > [noun] > stripe
rayc1330
strake1398
list1496
spraing1513
vein1539
guard1579
stripe1626
striping1677
strip1789
wale1891
1891 T. Hardy Tess of the D'Urbervilles xlvi, in Graphic 21 Nov. 602/2 The wide acreage of blank agricultural brownness..was beginning to be striped in wales of darker brown, gradually broadening to ribands.
4. Nautical.
a. A piece of timber extending horizontally round the top of the sides of a boat; the gunwale.
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society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > body of vessel > [noun] > planking > each continuous line of planking > uppermost
walec1330
wale-stock1350
gunwale1466
port-last1612
planeshearc1620
planksheeringa1687
portoise1705
wale-piece1739
sheer-strake1805
sheer-wale1805
planksheer1827
sheer1841
covering-board1846
wale-streak1856
waling-piece1909
c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 12062 Cordes, kyuiles, atached þe wale.
?a1400 Morte Arth. 740 Wyghtly one the wale thay wye vp thaire ankers.
c1440 J. Capgrave Life St. Katherine 642 As with-inne the wale Of a stronge ship a man is bore a-loft.
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 514/1 Wale, of a schyppe, ratis.
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) ix. l. 258 Her on the waill ner by the I sall stand.
1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid v. iv. 76 With sa strang rowthis apon athir waill, The mychty kervell schudderit at euery straik.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 286/1 Wall of a shyppe.
a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 251 Scho was ten fute thik in the waill.
1704 B. Church Let. 5 Feb. in Entertaining Passages Philip's War (1716) ii. 100 That..upon the Wail of each [Whale-]Boat five pieces of strong Leather be fastened on each side.
1709 London Gaz. No. 4510/7 The Hoy Burthen 9 or 10 Tun,..with a clean Tail, a rounding Wale.
1797 Encycl. Brit. XVII. 405/1 Describe the curve TMS to represent the sheer or extreme height of the side [of a long boat], which in a ship would be called the..upper edge of the wale.
1857 P. M. Colquhoun Compan. Oarsman's Guide 28 The narrow piece of wood running round the sax-board outside, but now generally disused, is called a wale.
b. plural. The horizontal planks or timbers, broader and thicker than the rest, which extend along a ship's sides, at different heights, from stem to stem; also called bends (see bend n.4 6); also singular, each of such timbers.For chain, channel, main, sheer wales, see chain-wale n., channel n.2 Compounds, main-wale n. at main adj.2 Compounds 2, sheer n.2 Compounds.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > body of vessel > [noun] > timbers of hull > horizontal timber(s)
wale1295
bend1626
channel wale1672
main-walea1750
in-wale1875
1295 Accts. Exchequer King's Remembrancer 5/8 m. 8 Empcio meremii..Et x. d. in ij Wales emptis de Anselmo Carpentario.
1336–7 Accts. Exchequer King's Remembrancer (P.R.O.: E101/19/31) m. 5 Et in vj. lignis emptis ad eandem pro Wales et bindes inde faciendis..vj. s.
1497 in M. Oppenheim Naval Accts. & Inventories Henry VII (1896) 292 Tymbre for bemys walys & other Necessaries in the seid Ship.
1534 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1903) V. 233 For valis to cover abone the boit, viij d.
1536 in R. G. Marsden Sel. Pleas Court Admiralty (1894) I. 58 The sterne of the same cock bote was faste under on of the wales of the said catche.
1627 J. Smith Sea Gram. ii. 6 From bend to bend, or waile to waile, which are the outmost timbers on the ship sides.
1664 E. Bushnell Compl. Ship-wright 7 The next Waale parallel to the lower Waale.
1693 T. Urquhart & P. A. Motteux tr. F. Rabelais 3rd Bk. Wks. lii. 429 Bends and Walls [Fr. rambades] of his Carricks.
1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson ii. iv. 158 They found her wales and outside planks extremely defective.
1824 J. F. Cooper Pilot II. xxiv. 303 Such a point-blanker would have torn off a streak of our wales.
1880 T. Hardy Trumpet-major II. xxvi. 196 Boats built of wood which was greenly growing..three days before it was bent as wales to their sides.
1883 Man. Seamanship for Boys' Training Ships Royal Navy 11 Q. What are bends? A. The thickest and strongest planks on the outward part of a ship's side,..They are more properly called wails.
5. Each of the horizontal timbers connecting and bracing the piles of a dam, etc. Also, = waling n.2 1.
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society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or providing with specific parts > specific parts built or constructed > [noun] > beams or supports
sillc897
sole-tree1527
spur1529
brace1530
rance1574
strut1587
ground pin1632
ground-plate1663
strut-beam1668
wale-piece1739
strutting-beam1753
wale1754
stretcher1774
tie1793
tie-beam1823
strutting1833
lattice frame1838
tie-bolt1838
tie rod1839
brace-rod1844
web1845
box girder1849
plate girder1849
lattice beam1850
lattice girder1852
girder1853
twister1875
under-girder1875
truss-beam1877
raker1880
wind-bracing1890
portal strut1894
stirrup1909
knee-brace1912
tee-beam1930
tee section1963
binder-
society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or providing with specific parts > specific parts built or constructed > [noun] > foundation(s) > pile(s) > horizontal bracing for
waling1837
wale1886
1754 T. Gardner Hist. Acct. Dunwich 179 Except Plank upon the Head of the Key, and under the upper Wale, and Plank to join the piles.
1837 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 1 33/1 The wales are to be in two thicknesses, of half-timbers,..bolted to the gauge piles.
1879 Cassell's Techn. Educator (new ed.) I. 80 These are called guide piles, and to these horizontal timbers are attached, called wales.
1886 H. C. Seddon Builder's Work i. 7 When the ground is firm enough to admit of it, deep and narrow trenches..may be secured by horizontal planks or wales, placed opposite each other..and kept apart by struts.
1926 A. E. Wynn Design & Constr. Formwork viii. 84 Above 6 ft. high there is always danger of the form twisting..from the impact of the concrete if wales are not used.
1964 R. L. Peurifoy Formwork for Concrete Struct. ix. 158 The bottom wale should be placed not more than 8 in. above the bottom of the form.
6. Basket-making. Each of the horizontal bands round the body of a basket composed of rods intertwined as a finishing-off course.
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the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric made from specific material > made from other vegetable fibres > [noun] > randed work or basketry > waling
wale1907
waling1912
1907 T. Okey in Jrnl. Soc. Arts 11 Jan. 190/2 A wale is three or more rods woven one after and over the other to form a binding or string course.
1907 T. Okey in Jrnl. Soc. Arts 11 Jan. 190/2 I was interested to find [in an old Egyptian basket] the same strokes—the fitch, the pair, the border, slath, and wale—I had been using yesterday.
7. A ridge on a horse's collar: see quot. 1795.
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the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > body or parts of horse > [noun] > neck or type of > collarbone or part of
forcel1607
wale1795
1795 W. Felton Treat. Carriages II. 160 A Neck Collar, is a thick padded collar made to fit, and sit easy round the horse's neck..it has two wales or risings on the outside, called the fore and back wales.
1847 in J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words
1895 W. Rye Gloss. Words E. Anglia
1908 Notes & Queries 10th Ser. X. 146/2 I was told by one of the workmen that the rolls or ridges of a horse-collar between which the hames lie are called respectively the fore~wale and the afterwale.

Compounds

General attributive.
wale-piece n. †(a) a piece of timber to serve as the gunwale of a boat; (b) a horizontal timber connecting and binding the piles or posts of a bridge, dam, etc.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or providing with specific parts > specific parts built or constructed > [noun] > beams or supports
sillc897
sole-tree1527
spur1529
brace1530
rance1574
strut1587
ground pin1632
ground-plate1663
strut-beam1668
wale-piece1739
strutting-beam1753
wale1754
stretcher1774
tie1793
tie-beam1823
strutting1833
lattice frame1838
tie-bolt1838
tie rod1839
brace-rod1844
web1845
box girder1849
plate girder1849
lattice beam1850
lattice girder1852
girder1853
twister1875
under-girder1875
truss-beam1877
raker1880
wind-bracing1890
portal strut1894
stirrup1909
knee-brace1912
tee-beam1930
tee section1963
binder-
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > body of vessel > [noun] > planking > each continuous line of planking > uppermost
walec1330
wale-stock1350
gunwale1466
port-last1612
planeshearc1620
planksheeringa1687
portoise1705
wale-piece1739
sheer-strake1805
sheer-wale1805
planksheer1827
sheer1841
covering-board1846
wale-streak1856
waling-piece1909
1739 C. Labelye Short Acct. Piers Westm. Bridge 20 The Plates, Whale-Pieces, Ties and Braces that had been contrived to keep them steady.
1839 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 2 432/1 Allowing a space of not less than 12 inches wide between the wale pieces, for the piles to fill up the bays between the wale pieces.
† wale-reared adj. Obsolete = wall-sided adj. at wall n.1 Compounds 2a.
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the world > space > relative position > vertical position > [adjective] > having vertical sides
wall-reared1627
wale-reared1644
wall-sided1711
1644 H. Mainwaring Sea-mans Dict. 113 Wale-reared, that is, when a ship is built right up, after she comes to her bearing.
1685 N. Boteler Six Dialogues Sea-services Wale reared.
1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine Wale-reared, an obsolete phrase, implying wall-sided.
† wale-stock n. (also wale-tree) Obsolete ? a piece of timber to serve as a gunwale.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > body of vessel > [noun] > planking > each continuous line of planking > uppermost
walec1330
wale-stock1350
gunwale1466
port-last1612
planeshearc1620
planksheeringa1687
portoise1705
wale-piece1739
sheer-strake1805
sheer-wale1805
planksheer1827
sheer1841
covering-board1846
wale-streak1856
waling-piece1909
1350Wale stockez [see ].
1350 Accts. Exchequer King's Remembrancer (P.R.O.: E101/25/32) En xxxvij piec' de mesrime achat' pour wale piecen, wale stockez et fotwalen.
1485 in M. Oppenheim Naval Accts. & Inventories Henry VII (1896) 72 Wale trees..ij, Hausers..ij.
1488 Acc. & Inv. 72 (P.R.O.) Waletrees.
wale-streak n. the gunwale of a boat.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > body of vessel > [noun] > planking > each continuous line of planking > uppermost
walec1330
wale-stock1350
gunwale1466
port-last1612
planeshearc1620
planksheeringa1687
portoise1705
wale-piece1739
sheer-strake1805
sheer-wale1805
planksheer1827
sheer1841
covering-board1846
wale-streak1856
waling-piece1909
1856 ‘Stonehenge’ Man. Brit. Rural Sports ii. viii. iii. 474/2 Here he [the coxswain] must sit cross-legged..with a hand on each gun~wale or wale-streak.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1921; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

walen.2

Brit. /weɪl/, U.S. /weɪl/, Scottish English /wel/
Forms: Middle English wal, Middle English wall, Middle English wail, Middle English–1500s waill, 1500s waylle, 1700s–1800s wile, 1800s waile, Middle English– wale.
Origin: A borrowing from early Scandinavian. Etymon: Norse val.
Etymology: < Old Norse val neuter, corresponding to Old High German wala (Middle High German wal , modern German wahl ) strong feminine, < Germanic root *wal- , *wel- : see will v.1
Scottish and northern.
1.
a. The action or an act of choosing; choice. Also, scope for choice, plurality of things to choose from.Before the 17th cent. recorded only poetic, chiefly in certain set phrases: at wale, to wale, at one's choice, in abundance; men of wale, men of high merit; worthy in or to wale, of approved valour. (By some writers of the 15–16th centuries to wale in the last phrase seems to have been taken as the infinitive of wale v.1)
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > free will > choice or choosing > [noun]
curec1000
custOE
chirec1175
choosingc1200
choice1297
walea1352
dilection1388
election1393
elect1398
choose1430
option1549
the mind > will > free will > choice or choosing > [noun] > scope for choice
wonec1290
walea1352
choose1486
choice1584
optionality1817
a1352 L. Minot Poems v. 77 Sir Edward, oure gude King wurthi in wall.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 7629 And of a thusand men o wal, He made him ledder and marscal.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 5375 I giue him woningsted sted to wale.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 4353 If..þat þou mi lefe wald be; O werldes welth to wale and wan Sal þou haf mare þan mai be gan.
a1400 Sir Perc. 1587 When he had tolde this tale..He hade wordis at wale To thame ilkane.
c1440 York Myst. ii. 55 Als ye I haue honours in alkyn welth to wale.
1508 Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. av Wynis went within yt wane maist wourthy to vaill.
1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid v. xii. 37 Thar wes na strenth of valeant men to waill.
a1525 (c1448) R. Holland Bk. Howlat l. 447 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 108 With lordis of scotland lerit and ye laif As worthy wysest to waile In worschipe allowit.
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 11952 He russhit vp full radly, raght to his clothes, Soche as happit hym to hent, hade he no wale.
1637 S. Rutherford Let. in Joshua Redivivus (1664) 29 I will have no other tutor, suppose I could have waile & choise of ten thousand beside.
1808 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. (at cited word) He gaif me the wale, he allowed me to choose.
1847 T. De Quincey Notes on Landor in Tait's Edinb. Mag. Jan. 21/2 Our Arab friend, however, is no connoisseur in courts of law: small wale of courts in the desert.
1858–61 E. B. Ramsay Reminisc. Sc. Life (1867) 167 There's nae waile o' wigs on Monrimmon Moor.
1894 S. R. Crockett Raiders xxxiii. 279 She's a wonderfu' woman, the mistress; no the like o' her in the three counties. She micht hae had the wale o' the men.
b. Coupled with will.
ΚΠ
c1420 Anturs of Arth. xxvii With alle welthis to wille, and wynus to wale.
c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 138 [He] mycht jn the tyme yat he feit him haue had otheris at will and wale.
1755 R. Forbes tr. Ovid Ajax his Speech (new ed.) 11 Lat him than now tak will an' wile.
1836 J. Affleck Poet. Wks. 81 (E.D.D.) I've sheets and blankets, will and wale, I'm nae deaf nit.
2. That which is chosen or selected as the best; the choicest individual, kind, specimen, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > excellence > [noun] > the choice or pick
flowerc1200
pearlc1400
richessec1450
choicea1513
wale1513
cream1581
garland1591
pink1597
analect1653
pick1766
the pick of the basket1874
1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid vii. v. 188 The King Latyne, but faill, Gart cheis of all his steidis furth the waill.
a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 399 Ane great airme..to the number of lm men the waill of all Ingland.
1717 A. Ramsay Elegy Lucky Wood xi She was the wale of a' her kin.
1787 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) I. 215 For lapfu's large o' gospel kail Shall fill thy crib in plenty, An' runts o' grace the pick an' wale.
1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering III. xvi. 307 The Bertrams were aye the wale o' the country side!
1842 J. Aiton Domest. Econ. (1857) 262 The best way to get one, and the wale of them, is to intercept one of the packs which are driven from the northern markets.
1887 R. L. Stevenson Merry Men v. 57 It's the pride of the eye, and it's the lust o' life, an' it's the wale o' pleesures.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1921; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

† walen.3

Etymology: ? variant of weel n.1 < Old English wǽl.
Obsolete. rare.
? A wave, current.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > wave > [noun]
waterOE
undc1200
wawc1290
flowinga1382
water wave?1555
wale1565
wave1671
1565 A. Golding tr. Ovid Fyrst Fower Bks. Metamorphosis ii. f. 1 And Doris with her dawghters all: of whiche some cut the wales [1587 wals; rhyme whales] With splaied armes.
1636 R. James Iter Lancastrense (1845) 11 Threescore miles from wale Of sea at Conyngton was found a whale Vppon a high downes.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1921; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

† waleadj.

Forms: Also Middle English wal, Middle English walle.
Etymology: < wale n.2
Obsolete.
Used as a general laudatory expression: Chosen; choice, select; excellent, noble, goodly.
a. of a person, his attributes, actions, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > excellence > [adjective] > choice or excellent > of person
walea1325
select1602
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 888 Sodomes king in kinge dale Mette abram wið feres wale.
a1400–50 Wars Alex. 294 ‘Þan will I,’ quod þe wale qwene.
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 1010 Bot ȝet I wot þat Wawen & þe wale burde Such comfort of her compaynye caȝten to-geder.
a1500 Beket's Prophecies in Bernardus de Cura Rei Fam. 27 And wander in A winter tyme wyth full wale knychtis.
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 1329 The Troiens..blody beronyn, Wyde woundes & wete of hor wale dyntes.
?c1600 (c1515) Sc. Field (Lyme) l. 289 in I. F. Baird Poems Stanley Family (D.Phil. thesis, Univ. of Birm.) (1990) 242 It is a losse to the lande..For his witte and his wisedome And his wale deedes.
1790 J. Fisher Poems Var. Subj. 102 Ae simmer e'en baith wale an' trig,..doun the rig A lad cam' to the Fitman-brig.
absolute.a1350 in G. L. Brook Harley Lyrics (1968) 40 A wayle whyt ase whalles bon.
b. of a thing.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > excellence > [adjective] > choice or excellent
chisa700
ycorec900
trya1300
walea1325
richc1330
choice1340
tried1362
chief1519
select1590
selected1605
recherché1689
tid1727
pick1790
selectable1836
beauty1895
plum1923
shit-kicking1961
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 3635 Bokes he wrot of lore wal, Hu ðis folc hem rigt leden sal.
a1400–50 Wars Alex. 75 Þan was a wardan ware oute in þe wale stremys Of all þe naue & þe note.
?a1400 Morte Arth. 741 By wytt of the watyre-mene of the wale ythez, ffrekes one the forestayne fakene theire coblez.
c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 1716 Bifore þe barounz has hom broȝt, & byrled þerinne [sc. the holy vessels] Wale wyne to þy wenches.
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 694 She went from þat worthy into a wale chambur.
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 1943 He..wound vp full wightly all his wale Ancres.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1921; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

walev.1

Brit. /weɪl/, U.S. /weɪl/, Scottish English /wel/
Forms: Middle English–1500s walle, Middle English weyle, Middle English–1700s waill, Middle English–1800s wail, 1500s vale, vaile, weale, 1600s wayl, weil, wehl, weal(l, 1500s–1800s wyle, 1700s–1800s wile, 1800s wyell, Middle English– wale.
Etymology: < wale n.2 Compare wele v. (The form wehl was probably due to German wählen, †wehlen.)
Scottish and northern.
1.
a. transitive. To choose, select, pick out, sort. Also with out, through.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > free will > choice or choosing > types of choice > choose in specific way [verb (transitive)] > select from a number or for a purpose
markOE
to choose out1297
out-trya1325
cullc1330
welec1330
try1340
walea1350
coil1399
drawa1400
to mark outa1450
electa1513
sorta1535
prick1536
exempta1538
select1567
sort1597
to gather out1611
single1629
delibate1660
to cut out1667
outlooka1687
draught1714
draft1724
to tell off1727
a1350 in G. L. Brook Harley Lyrics (1968) 37 Mosti ryden by Rybbesdale, wilde wymmen forte wale, ant welde whuch ich wolde.
a1400–50 Wars Alex. 1014 Wale ȝow oþer werriouris þat wiȝt ere & ȝonger.
c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 999 Iasper hyȝt þe fyrst gemme, Þat I on þe fyrst basse con wale.
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) v. l. 895 In gret Ire he apon thaim sadly socht, Wailland a place quhar he mycht bargane mak.
1496 in T. Dickson Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1877) I. 319 Item..giffin to Johne Maware, to pas to Clidisdale, to the woddis, to wale tymmyr for the artailȝeri, ix s.
?1507 W. Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen (Rouen) in Poems (1998) I. 55 Of thir thre wanton wiffis that I haif writtin heir, Quhilk wald ȝe waill to ȝour wif?
1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid ii. i. 10 Of chost men syne, walit by cutt, thai tuik Ane greit nwmir.
1537 in Exch. Rolls Scot. XVII. 741 That ye cause..Patrik Tennent waill our sa[i]d woll, sort, and pak the samin.
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 105 That worthy hade a wyfe walit hym-seluon.
1635 A. Gil Sacred Philos. Holy Script. xii. xxxviii. 192 The Poet gives you an example of a Gardiner, wehling his seeds being mingled together.
1637 S. Rutherford Let. in Joshua Redivivus (1664) 30 But more I can neither wish, nor pray, nor desire for to your La: then Christ singled and wailed out, from all created good things.
1674 in Scott. Hist. Rev. (1907) Jan. 232 Buy me a good handsom Caudibeck hatt..pray sie that it be good and weall wyled.
1737 A. Ramsay Coll. Scots Prov. (1750) 7 A lass that has mony wooers aft wales the warst.
1786 R. Burns Cotter's Sat. Night xii, in Poems & Songs (1968) I. 149 Those strains that once did sweet in Zion glide, He wales a portion with judicious care.
1821 T. Carlyle Let. 17 Nov. in Early Lett. (1886) II. 4 To beg that you will accept the brown pair of spectacles which I have waled for you.
1832 W. Scott Redgauntlet I. xii. 267 Come away, chap—come away, gentle chap—nae time to be picking and waling your steps.
1873 C. Gibbon For Lack of Gold (new ed.) xi I said I would wail a man for you myself.
a1886 D. Grant Sc. Stories (1888) 30 A bodie canna aye wyle his words.
1894 R. O. Heslop Northumberland Words (at cited word) Wale me an orange... To wale one's way.
b. to wale by, to choose and put by.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > free will > choice or choosing > choose [verb (transitive)] > choose and put by
to wale by1778
the mind > possession > supply > storage > store [verb (transitive)] > choose and store
to wale by1778
1778 A. Ross Helenore (ed. 2) 58 Bannocks and kebbocks knit up in a claith, She had wiled by, and row'd up in her waith.
c. Coal Mining. (See quot. 1881.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > clearing of refuse matter > clear of refuse [verb (transitive)] > clear by picking > specific coal
wale1860
1860 Eng. & Foreign Mining Gloss. (new ed.) Waling, cleaning the coals.
1881 Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers 1880–1 9 190 Wale, Newc. To clean coal by picking out the refuse by hand.
2. intransitive. To make choice.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > free will > choice or choosing > exercise choice [verb (intransitive)]
choosec1175
walec1400
willc1405
to be one's own carver1578
to take one's choice1588
optate1611
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 1276 ‘I-wysse, worþy,’ quoþ þe wyȝe, ‘ȝe haf waled wel better’.
1786 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) I. 154 They steek their een, an' grape an' wale, For muckle anes, an' straught anes.
1826–30 T. Wilson Pitman's Pay iii. cxvi Through and through the bowl they wyell—For raisins, how they stritch and strive!
†3. transitive ? To seek. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > endeavour > searching or seeking > search for or seek [verb (transitive)]
seekc888
aseekc1000
i-secheOE
huntc1175
to seek afterc1175
beseechc1200
fand?c1225
ofseche?c1225
to seek forc1250
atseekc1275
furiec1290
forseeka1300
outseekc1300
upseekc1315
to look after ——c1330
wait1340
laita1350
searchc1350
pursuea1382
ensearchc1384
to feel and findc1384
inseekc1384
looka1398
fraist?a1400
umseeka1400
require?c1400
walec1400
to look up1468
prowla1475
to see for ——c1485
to look for ——a1492
to have in the wind1540
sue1548
vent?1575
seek1616
explore1618
dacker1634
research1650
to see out for1683
quest1752
to see after ——1776
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 398 ‘Where schulde I wale þe’, quoþ Gauan, ‘where is þy pla[c]e?’
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1921; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

walev.2

Brit. /weɪl/, U.S. /weɪl/
Forms: Also whale.
Etymology: < wale n.1
1. transitive. To mark (the flesh) with wales or weals.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > blemish > [verb (transitive)] > weal
wale14..
scorea1616
wheal1698
weal1723
14.. in Pol. Rel. & L. Poems (1903) 245 A wycked wound hath me walled [rhymes called, halt, salt], And traveyld me from topp to too.
1634 Bp. J. Hall Contempl. Hist. New Test. (STC 12640.5) 263 O my blessed Saviour, was it not enough that thy sacred body was stripped of thy garments, and waled with bloudy stripes?
1661 O. Felltham Resolves (rev. ed.) 375 Would the Horse..suffer his lazy Rider to bestride his patient back, with his hands and whip to wale his flesh?
2. ‘To fasten, secure, or protect with a wale or wale piece’ (Webster 1911).
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > support > [verb (transitive)] > with stays
stay1556
wale1909
1909 E. Essex Advertiser Aug. (Suppl.) 4/3 The wharf..is..built with piles and strongly whaled.
3.
a. Military. To weave or wattle (a gabion, hurdle).
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > barricade > [verb (transitive)] > interweave branches
plash1587
wale1852
1852 R. Burn Naval & Mil. Techn. Dict. French Lang. (ed. 2) i. 83 Clayonner,..to wattle; wale.
1892 F. Irwin Notes Fortif. (ed. 2) 60 To make a Wickerwork Gabion... Wale the web by passing each rod in succession over the other two..till the waling is 2-ft. 6-in. high.
b. Basket-making. To intertwine (rods) in making a wale (see wale n.1 6); also ‘to furnish (a basket) with a wale or wales’ (Webster 1911).
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > manufacturing processes > basket-making > make baskets [verb (transitive)] > specific processes
warp1806
wale1907
1907 Jrnl. Soc. Arts 11 Jan. 190/2 The foot rods are waled and then laid down as in a border.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1921; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

† waleint.

Etymology: representing Old English wá lá : see woe int., lo int.1, and wellaway int.
Obsolete.
Alas! woe is me!
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > lamentation or expression of grief > cry of grief > [interjection] > specific cry of grief
woeeOE
wellawayeOE
weilac1000
wellawayOE
wellaOE
woe is meOE
wummec1175
wia1200
outa1225
alas?c1225
walec1275
ac1300
whilec1402
ochonea1425
wellesay?1440
wannowec1450
helas1484
ah1509
ocha1522
ah me!a1547
wougha1556
eh1569
welladay1570
how1575
wellanear1581
ay me!1591
lasa1593
wella, welladay1601
good lack!1638
oime1660
pillaloo1663
wellanearing1683
lack-a-day1695
wasteheart1695
walya1724
lackadaisy1748
ochree1748
waesucks1773
well-a-winsa1774
ullagone1819
wirra1825
mavrone1827
wirrasthru1827
ototoi1877
wurra1898
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 12907 Wale [c1300 Otho wola] þat ich wes iboren.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 6464 Ah wale [c1300 Otho walawo] þat hit nusten. Costantines cnihtes.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1921; most recently modified version published online December 2020).
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n.11024n.2a1352n.31565adj.a1325v.1a1350v.214..int.c1275
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