vivern.¹

Forms: Middle English viuere, Middle English vyvere, wywere; Middle English viuer (Middle English vever, Scottish wewar), Middle English vyuer, 1500s vyver, 1800s viver.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman viver, Old French (also modern French) vivier (= Spanish vivero , Portuguese viveiro ), < Latin vīvārium vivarium n.Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: ˈviver.

Now dialect or Obsolete.

A fishpond.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > fish-keeping, farming, or breeding > [noun] > fish-pond or -tank

fish-poolc950

fish-housec1000

viverc1330

stew1387

piscinaa1398

piscinea1400

fishpondc1440

trunk1440

moat1463

stagnec1470

servatorya1475

viviera1500

fish-stew1552

vivarium1600

shut1605

fish-stove1615

keep1617

estang1628

vivarya1634

nursery1772

preserve1849

whalerya1880

fish tank1957

c1330 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1899) II. 519 In 1 fossato facto de molend.[ino] usque le viuer, 7s. 3d.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 13764 Þis ilk water als þe stori sais, Was mikel renumed in þaa dais, Als it war a gode vinere [Trin. Cambr. ryuere].

c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) xxiii. 105 Withouten þaim er many vyuers and stankes, whare on er many fewles of riuer.

c1425 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 652 Hoc uiuarium, wywere.

c1480 (a1400) St. Paul 344 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 39 Sanct paulis hed eftir his discese In a depe vewar warpit was.

1511 in Pat. Roll iii. m. 1 (P.R.O.) Parkes, chaces, warennes, vyvers, pondes.

1875 W. D. Parish Dict. Sussex Dial. 128 Vivers, fish-ponds.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1920; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

† vivern.²

Forms: Also 1600s viuer.

Etymology: < Old French vivre (variant guivre ) serpent < Latin vīpera viper n.

Obsolete.

(See quots.)

ΚΠ

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Poignastre, the Viuer, a little sea-Dragon.

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Traigne, the sea Dragon, Viuer, Quauiuer.

1674 T. P. et al. Eng. & French Cook 412 Potage of Vives (sic) or Sea-dragons.]

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1920; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

vivern.³

/ˈvʌɪvə/

Etymology: Alteration of fiver fibre n.

dialect.

A fibre or rootlet.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > root > [noun] > rootlet, fibre, or subsidiary root

string1398

by-root1578

fillet1601

taw1615

tapon1641

fibre1656

fang1664

fibril1664

rootlinga1706

lateral root1724

rootlet1783

radicle1793

radicel1819

viver1877

branch-root1884

sprangle1896

thong1927

1877 E. Leigh Gloss. Words Dial. Cheshire Vivers, small roots, fibres.

1906 R. Kipling Puck of Pook's Hill 250 But the vivers of her roots they hold the bank together.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1920; most recently modified version published online June 2018).

n.¹c1330

n.²1611

n.³1877

单词	viver
释义	vivern.¹ Forms: Middle English viuere, Middle English vyvere, wywere; Middle English viuer (Middle English vever, Scottish wewar), Middle English vyuer, 1500s vyver, 1800s viver. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman viver, Old French (also modern French) vivier (= Spanish vivero , Portuguese viveiro ), < Latin vīvārium vivarium n.Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: ˈviver. Now dialect or Obsolete. A fishpond. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > fish-keeping, farming, or breeding > [noun] > fish-pond or -tank fish-poolc950 fish-housec1000 viverc1330 stew1387 piscinaa1398 piscinea1400 fishpondc1440 trunk1440 moat1463 stagnec1470 servatorya1475 viviera1500 fish-stew1552 vivarium1600 shut1605 fish-stove1615 keep1617 estang1628 vivarya1634 nursery1772 preserve1849 whalerya1880 fish tank1957 c1330 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1899) II. 519 In 1 fossato facto de molend.[ino] usque le viuer, 7s. 3d. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 13764 Þis ilk water als þe stori sais, Was mikel renumed in þaa dais, Als it war a gode vinere [Trin. Cambr. ryuere]. c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) xxiii. 105 Withouten þaim er many vyuers and stankes, whare on er many fewles of riuer. c1425 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 652 Hoc uiuarium, wywere. c1480 (a1400) St. Paul 344 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 39 Sanct paulis hed eftir his discese In a depe vewar warpit was. 1511 in Pat. Roll iii. m. 1 (P.R.O.) Parkes, chaces, warennes, vyvers, pondes. 1875 W. D. Parish Dict. Sussex Dial. 128 Vivers, fish-ponds. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1920; most recently modified version published online December 2020). † vivern.² Forms: Also 1600s viuer. Etymology: < Old French vivre (variant guivre ) serpent < Latin vīpera viper n. Obsolete. (See quots.) ΚΠ 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Poignastre, the Viuer, a little sea-Dragon. 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Traigne, the sea Dragon, Viuer, Quauiuer. 1674 T. P. et al. Eng. & French Cook 412 Potage of Vives (sic) or Sea-dragons.] This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1920; most recently modified version published online June 2021). vivern.³ /ˈvʌɪvə/ Etymology: Alteration of fiver fibre n. dialect. A fibre or rootlet. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > root > [noun] > rootlet, fibre, or subsidiary root string1398 by-root1578 fillet1601 taw1615 tapon1641 fibre1656 fang1664 fibril1664 rootlinga1706 lateral root1724 rootlet1783 radicle1793 radicel1819 viver1877 branch-root1884 sprangle1896 thong1927 1877 E. Leigh Gloss. Words Dial. Cheshire Vivers, small roots, fibres. 1906 R. Kipling Puck of Pook's Hill 250 But the vivers of her roots they hold the bank together. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1920; most recently modified version published online June 2018). < n.¹c1330n.²1611n.³1877
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vivern.1

† vivern.2

vivern.3

vivern.¹

† vivern.²

vivern.³