单词 | wafer |
释义 | wafern. 1. a. A very light thin crisp cake, baked between wafer-irons; formerly often eaten with wine, now chiefly with ices; in later use sometimes rolled, sometimes serving as the under part of a macaroon. Cf. wafron n.The simile ‘thin as a wafer’, originally belonging to this sense, is now commonly associated with sense 3. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > cake > [noun] > a cake > wafer wafer1377 wafron?c1390 wafery1542 wafer-cake1585 wafer-biscuit1848 cake cone1910 1295 Will N. Longespee in Eng. Hist. Rev. (1900) July 524 Tria paria ferrea ad wafras, neulas, et galettas faciendas.] b. elliptical, a sandwich of ice-cream between wafers. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > confections or sweetmeats > ices > [noun] > ice-cream > types or forms of pistachio ice?1790 iced tea1827 tutti-frutti1834 brown-bread ice1846 vanilla ice1846 vanille ice1846 Neapolitan ice1867 Neapolitan ice cream1868 hokey-pokey1884 strawberry ice cream1890 choc chip1903 horn1908 Tortoni1911 slider1915 choc bar1919 cone1920 Eskimo pie1921 brick1922 brickette1922 Eskimo1922 choc ice1924 cornet1926 briquette1927 gelato1932 ninety-nine1935 wafer1936 fudgicle1938 ripple1939 tub1939 vanilla1955 double dip1965 1936 N. Coward Still Life in To-night at 8.30 III. i. 48 An old girl..asked if I'd got an ice-cream wafer... What did she think I was, a ‘Stop me and buy one?’ 1979 Listener 6 Sept. 303/2 The vanilla wafer..proved a great healer. 2. The thin disk of unleavened bread used at the Eucharist in the Western Church before the Reformation, and subsequently in the ritual of Roman Catholics, Lutherans, and some Anglicans. Cf. obley n. ΘΚΠ society > faith > artefacts > consumables > eucharistic elements > bread > [noun] fleshc1000 ofleteOE mannaa1200 breada1225 bread of lifea1300 host1303 bodya1325 obleya1325 God's bodya1387 cakec1390 singing bread1432 bread of wheata1450 singing loaf1530 God's bread1535 bread god?1548 round robin?1548 holy bread1552 singing cake1553 Jack-in-the-box1554 wafer-cake?1554 wafer1559 wafer-bread1565 breaden god1570 mass cake1579 wafer-god1623 hostel1624 maker1635 hostie1641 oblata1721 altar bread1839 prosphora1874 1559 Queen Elizabeth I Injunct. D 3 b The vsuall bread and wafer, heretofore named singing Cakes, which serued for the vse of the priuate Masse. 1570 Gilby in Part of a Register (1593) 16 The adoration of the Sacrament, in the Countrey where they knocke and kneele to a Wafer, is a popishe pollicie. 1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 94 The Widow..bestows Holway, a kind of Sacramental Wafer. a1745 J. Swift Stephen in Wks. (1768) XIII. 297 The English, upon a certain engine, raised the mast of a ship, on the top whereof, in a silver box, they put the consecrated wafer. 1853 F. W. Robertson Serm. 3rd Ser. xix. 249 To tremble before a consecrated wafer is spurious reverence. 1856 E. B. Browning Aurora Leigh i. 4 As they went To eat the bishop's wafer at the church. 1862 Sat. Rev. 8 Feb. 159 Many of these unbelievers..obtained and outraged consecrated wafers. 3. a. A small disk of flour mixed with gum and non-poisonous colouring matter, or of gelatine or the like similarly coloured, which when moistened is used for sealing letters, attaching papers, or receiving the impression of a seal. ΘΚΠ society > communication > indication > marking > imprinting > sealing > [noun] > wafer singing cake1582 wafer1712 1635 [see wafer-seal n. at Compounds 1c]. 1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 305. ¶6 Pen and Ink, Wax and Wafers, with the like Necessaries for Politicians. 1749 S. Johnson Let. 12 July (1992) I. 43 You frighted me..with your black wafer, for I..was afraid your letter had brought me ill news. 1797 W. Johnston tr. J. Beckmann Hist. Inventions & Discov. I. 226 Mr. Speiss [Ger.] has made an observation..that the oldest seal with a red wafer, he has ever yet found, is on a letter written by D. Krapf, at Spires, in the year 1624, to the government at Bayreuth. 1801 M. Edgeworth Belinda II. xv. 99 Lady Delacour..began..to put wafers into several notes that she had been writing. 1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art II. 729 In every kind of tracing, the different papers which are employed upon each other, should be fastened together by wafers. 1848 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair liii. 474 Poor men always use messengers instead of the post. Who has not had their letters, with the wafers wet, and the announcement that a person is waiting in the hall? 1883 S. C. Hall Retrospect Long Life I. 15 To put a wafer on a letter was a thing seldom done. b. transferred. Applied to a round spot. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > variegation > spot of colour > [noun] spota1300 dropc1420 stud1751 gout1833 wafer1853 blob1863 pock1894 tache1957 1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. xxviii. 236 Deck covered in with black felt, the frozen condensation patching it with large white wafers of snow. 1897 Outing 29 543/1 The Dalmatian, or ‘coach dog,’ white with black wafers stuck all over him. 4. Medicine. A thin leaf of paste, used to form a cachet for the administration of a powder. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines of specific form > pills, tablets, etc. > [noun] > capsule wafer1848 pearl1872 capsule1875 cachet1884 perle1887 tabloid1887 jelloid1898 wafer-cachet1898 Caplet1937 cap1942 Spansule1954 1848 C. Brontë in C. Shorter Charlotte Brontë & her Circle (1896) vi. 173 She has taken no medicine, but..Locock's cough wafers, of which she has used about 3 per diem. 1887 A. H. Buck Ref. Handbk. Med. Sci. IV. 699/1 Wafers are of two forms. One style consists of two watch-glass shaped bodies, whose edges, upon moistening, will cohere, leaving a central space for enclosure of the powder... The other style consists of a single large, thin, circular sheet of wafer-material. Such sheet dipped into water, becomes flexible, and..is used as a literal wrap for the dose of powder. 1913 G. Stratton-Porter Laddie (1917) iv. 74 She looked exactly as she does when the wafer bursts and the quinine gets in her mouth. 5. Gunnery. A kind of primer. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > missile > ammunition for firearms > [noun] > primer primer1819 wafer1867 1867 J. T. Headley Farragut & Naval Commanders 73 Not a gun went off... The gunners had removed the ‘wafers’ by which they were discharged. 6. Electronics. A very thin slice of a semiconductor crystal used as the substrate for solid-state circuitry. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > solid state physics > semiconductivity > [noun] > crystalline piece > silicon wafer or chip silicon wafer1956 wafer1956 chip1962 slice1964 silicon chip1965 microchip1969 wafer chip1981 1956 Bell Syst. Techn. Jrnl. 35 3 After diffusion the entire surface of the silicon wafer is covered with the diffused n- and p-type layers. 1967 Electronics 6 Mar. 25 Litton engineers haven't decided whether to use single or two-layer metalization to interconnect the circuits within the wafers. 1975 D. G. Fink Electronics Engineers' Handbk. viii. 84 After the completion of the test sequence, the probe assembly is automatically lifted up and the probes are indexed over to the next chip to be tested on the wafer. 1979 Maclean's 2 Apr. 37/3 ‘Wafers’ containing hundreds of memory chips (each with 64,000 transistors): dispensing liquor, guiding spaceships. 1984 QL User Dec. 18 Currently, chips are manufactured in batches on discs of silicon about four inches in diameter called wafers. Compounds C1. General attributive. a. (In sense 1.) wafer-baker n. ΚΠ 1580 C. Hollyband Treasurie French Tong Oublieur, a wafer baker. wafer-maker n. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation for table or cooking > preparing pastry, biscuits, or cake > [noun] > maker of wafers wafer-maker1530 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 286/1 Wafyrmaker, gaufrier. 1694 P. A. Motteux tr. F. Rabelais 5th Bk. Wks. Pantagr. Prognost. 235 Clergy-Taylors, Wafer-makers, Rosary-makers. 1852 W. T. Brande Dict. Sci., Lit. & Art (ed. 2) Suppl. 1421/2 Wafers are coloured with various materials... The wafer makers are very unwilling to show the process. wafer roller n. ΚΠ 1814 Gastronomy (1822) 149 The pastry-bakers, cake-makers, and wafer-rollers. b. wafer-like adj. ΚΠ 1879 M. E. Braddon Vixen III. 302 Coaxing her to eat a waferlike slice of bread-and-butter. 1906 ‘A. Hope’ Sophy of Kravonia i. v. 56 Of course the mention of the waferlike mark puts her identity beyond question. 1911 J. Ward Rom. Era Brit. xii. 220 Wafer-like bone discs..are also of common occurrence. wafer-thin adj. ΘΚΠ the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > thickness > thinness > [adjective] > very thin fine-drawn1840 waferish1866 tissuey1867 wafery1880 wafer-thina1911 paper-thin1929 micro-thin1945 skin-thin1946 a1911 D. G. Phillips Susan Lenox (1917) I. xxi. 381 Civilization is merely a wafer-thin veneer over most human beings as yet. 1958 Times 15 Nov. 11/6 There is dried meat of the Valais cut in wafer-thin slices. 1976 Times 1 June 1/1 Pitmen in north Derbyshire are understood to have voted by a wafer-thin majority against continuing wage restraint. 1984 B. Francis AA Car Duffer's Guide 63/2 The radiator is made up of a collection of very narrow tubes linked by wafer-thin strips of metal which are exposed to the air-flow. c. (In sense 3.) wafer box n. ΘΚΠ society > communication > indication > marking > imprinting > sealing > [noun] > wafer > box in which wafer is kept wafer box1968 1837 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers liv. 591 Wilkins Flasher, Esquire, was..spearing a wafer-box with a penknife. 1968 Canad. Antiques Collector Nov. 26/1 When envelopes were introduced, the wafer box became a stamp box. wafer-seal n. ΚΠ 1635 Brit. Patent 82 Licencing..him and his deputies for the sole makeing of the wafer seales and he wilbe bound to sell one hundred of them for a penny. d. wafer-sealed adj. ΚΠ 1728 H. Fielding Love in Several Masques iii. iii. 30 'Tis but Wafer-sealed. I'll open it and read it. wafer-torn adj. ΚΠ 1832 Boston Herald 29 May 4/4 The error arose from our letter being wafer-torn where the figures were written. C2. Also see wafer-cake n. wafer-biscuit n. = sense 1. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > cake > [noun] > a cake > wafer wafer1377 wafron?c1390 wafery1542 wafer-cake1585 wafer-biscuit1848 cake cone1910 1848 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair xliv. 398 The hulking fellow carrying the wafer-biscuits. wafer-bread n. unleavened bread to be used at the Eucharist in the form of wafers. ΘΚΠ society > faith > artefacts > consumables > eucharistic elements > bread > [noun] fleshc1000 ofleteOE mannaa1200 breada1225 bread of lifea1300 host1303 bodya1325 obleya1325 God's bodya1387 cakec1390 singing bread1432 bread of wheata1450 singing loaf1530 God's bread1535 bread god?1548 round robin?1548 holy bread1552 singing cake1553 Jack-in-the-box1554 wafer-cake?1554 wafer1559 wafer-bread1565 breaden god1570 mass cake1579 wafer-god1623 hostel1624 maker1635 hostie1641 oblata1721 altar bread1839 prosphora1874 1565 Abp. M. Parker Let. 30 Apr. in Corr. (1853) (modernized text) 240 These were the orders which they must observe; to wear the cap appointed by Injunction,..to communicate kneeling in wafer-bread. 1637 Bk. Common Prayer Church of Scotl. (rubric) Though it be lawfull to have wafer bread. c1890 M. Creighton in Life & Lett. (1904) II. 57 The use of wafer bread is undesirable and should be discontinued. wafer-cachet n. (see sense 4). ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines of specific form > pills, tablets, etc. > [noun] > capsule wafer1848 pearl1872 capsule1875 cachet1884 perle1887 tabloid1887 jelloid1898 wafer-cachet1898 Caplet1937 cap1942 Spansule1954 1898 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. V. 992 Chloralamide..may be given in doses of 20 to 50 grains in wafer cachet. ΘΚΠ society > faith > artefacts > consumables > eucharistic elements > bread > [noun] fleshc1000 ofleteOE mannaa1200 breada1225 bread of lifea1300 host1303 bodya1325 obleya1325 God's bodya1387 cakec1390 singing bread1432 bread of wheata1450 singing loaf1530 God's bread1535 bread god?1548 round robin?1548 holy bread1552 singing cake1553 Jack-in-the-box1554 wafer-cake?1554 wafer1559 wafer-bread1565 breaden god1570 mass cake1579 wafer-god1623 hostel1624 maker1635 hostie1641 oblata1721 altar bread1839 prosphora1874 1623 C. Butler Feminine Monarchie (rev. ed.) i. sig. D1 Certaine Theeues hauing stollen the Siluer Box wherein the Wafer-Gods vse to lye. a1743 R. Savage Epist. Sir R. Walpole 79 Lo! the priest's hand the wafergod supplies. 1857 E. B. Pusey Real Presence (1869) iii. 330 People have profanely spoken of ‘wafer-gods’. They might as well have spoken of ‘fire~gods’, of the manifestation of God in the flaming fire in the bush. wafer-iron n. an apparatus for baking wafers, consisting of two iron blades between which the paste is held (also pair of wafer-irons). ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > equipment for food preparation > [noun] > baker's equipment > wafer- or waffle-iron obley-iron1346 wafer-iron1459 wafer-tongs1763 waffle-iron1794 1459 Paston Lett. I. 490 Item, ij. payre wafer irens. 1551 Will T. Fletcher, Glastonb. Oon whafer yron. 1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique at Wafer The Wafer-Iron is to be heated and rubb'd on both sides..with fresh Butter. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > pancake, tortilla, or oatcake > [noun] > pancake froise1338 pancakea1400 flawnc1400 crust-rollc1430 pancake wisea1500 flapjack1620 torteau1625 egg-fraise1693 wafer pancake1769 flamm1819 blini1842 leather-jacket1846 round robin1847 Pfannkuchen1856 palacinka1884 blintz1903 latke1909 crêpe Suzette1922 Dutch baby1927 spring roll1927 Palatschinken1929 egg roll1938 tostada1945 crêpe1951 ploye1959 palacsinta1964 pancake roll1967 appam1972 popiah1975 uthappam1976 1769 E. Raffald Experienced Eng. House-keeper v. 143 To make Wafer Pancakes. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > pastry > [noun] > types of pastry puff paste1598 bread pastea1654 wafer-paper1718 puff pastry1788 suet crust1809 pâte brisée1824 pasta frolla1848 chou pastry1892 puff1908 filo1946 shortcrust pastry1951 the world > health and disease > healing > medical appliances or equipment > equipment for applying medicaments > [noun] > other applicators seton-needle1672 burras-pipe1676 point1799 marsupium1842 wafer-paper1860 insufflator1872 douchebag1883 tampon-screwa1884 irrigator1887 ointment carrier1897 1718 Mrs. Mary Eales's Receipts 70 Then lay 'em in Lumps on Wafer-Paper, and set 'em on Papers in an Oven. 1773 G. A. Stevens Trip to Portsmouth ii. 17 That ever any school-fellow of mine should play truant from old port, and good roast beef, to live upon whey, and wafer-paper! 1860 R. Fowler Med. Vocab. Wafer-paper, an article of confectionery, now employed for the exhibition of nauseous electuaries, &c. 1889 R. Wells Bread & Biscuit Baker's Assist. 46 Cover the tins or wires with wafer paper, and lay out the biscuits. wafer stamp n. a hand-stamp for impressing a device on wafers. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > equipment for food preparation > [noun] > wafer stamp wafer stamp1844 1844 C. Dickens Martin Chuzzlewit xxxix. 457 He took up the wafer-stamp, and began stamping capital F's all over his legs. wafer-tongs n. = wafer-iron n. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > equipment for food preparation > [noun] > baker's equipment > wafer- or waffle-iron obley-iron1346 wafer-iron1459 wafer-tongs1763 waffle-iron1794 1763 in J. Colville Ochtertyre House Bk. of Accomps (1907) 250 1 pair weffer tongs. 1769 [see sense 1a]. 1883 R. Haldane Workshop Receipts 2nd Ser. 156/1 Make the wafer-tongs hot over the hole of a stove or clear fire. ΚΠ 1620 F. Quarles Feast for Wormes Introd. B 2 b Thy Wafer-walles at dread Iehouahs blast Shall quake. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > selling > seller > sellers of specific things > [noun] > seller of provisions > seller of bakery goods > woman wafrestre1377 pie-wife1592 wafer-woman1607 cake woman1648 pie woman1653 pie-lass1837 tart-woman1848 1607 F. Beaumont Woman Hater ii. i. sig. C4 Twas no set meeting certainelie: for there was no wafer-woman with her, these three daies, on my knowledge. a1626 J. Fletcher & W. Rowley Maid in Mill i. iii, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Aaaa2/2 Am I not able..to deliver A Letter handsomly! is that such a hard thing? Why every wafer-woman will undertake it. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > [noun] > work in specific medium bonework1557 shell-work1611 rockwork1615 feather-work1665 quillwork1688 boss-work1697 ice work1729 wafer-work1789 filigree paper1800 feather-mosaic1843 cut paper1847 plumagery1854 leather-work1856 graffito1863 cuerda seca1911 papercraft1917 barbola1927 rosemaling1933 cuenca1939 penwork1969 1789 C. Smith Ethelinde II. viii. 190 Miss Ludford's ingenious productions in shell work, in wafer work, in filligree and coloured paper. 1817 M. Edgeworth Harrington & Ormond I. vi. 126 She sat at some fashionable kind of work—wafer work, I think it was called, a work which has been long since consigned to the mice. Draft additions 1993 A very small ingot of gold, weighing no more than a few ounces. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > precious metal > [noun] > gold or silver > in the lump > ingot of wedgec900 ingot1423 barc1595 billet1670 wafer1974 1974 Courier-Mail (Brisbane) 30 Dec. 6/10 A second worker operates the die that cuts the strip into 1oz. wafers known as planchets. 1984 Amer. Banker 22 Mar. 18/3 According to the charges, the accused stole 500 one-ounce wafers of gold. 1990 Financial Rev. Nov. 578 10 troy ounces of gold refined to a minimum of 995 parts per 1000 in bar or wafer form. Draft additions 1993(sense 6). wafer chip ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > solid state physics > semiconductivity > [noun] > crystalline piece > silicon wafer or chip silicon wafer1956 wafer1956 chip1962 slice1964 silicon chip1965 microchip1969 wafer chip1981 1981 Japan Econ. Jrnl. 10 Feb. 13 Inspection of the wafer chip with pincers that could damage the chip surface so far had been unavoidable. wafer-scale adj. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > solid state physics > semiconductivity > [adjective] > of the scale of a wafer wafer-scale1977 1977 Aubusson & Catt in 3rd European Solid State Circuits Conf. 76 It is the purpose of this paper to outline a new approach to the on-slice interconnection of L.S.I. chips to create a wafer-scale—Integrated (W.S.I.) device. 1985 Pract. Computing May 21/4 Sinclair is diversifying again, this time with a new company to produce the revolutionary wafer-scale integration memories. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1921; most recently modified version published online March 2022). waferv. transitive. To fasten with a wafer. Also with on, up. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fact or action of being joined or joining > attachment > attach or affix [verb (transitive)] > with a wafer wafer1748 1748 S. Richardson Clarissa V. xv. 162 Wafer'd on, as an after-written introduction to the paragraphs which follow. 1775 F. Burney Jrnl. 4 Mar. in Early Jrnls. & Lett. (1990) II. 83 My father..wafered the paragraph upon a sheet of paper, & sent it to his Lodgings. 1822 Bp. Ryder in Mrs. Crane Rec. Life W. H. Havergal (1882) 34 I enclose..a letter which you may read and then wafer or seal. 1836 C. Dickens Sketches by Boz 1st Ser. II. 196 Such are the written placards wafered up in the gentlemen's dressing-room. 1848 W. M. Thackeray Roundabout Ride in Wks. (1898) VI. 588 Cards of lodgings wafered into the rickety bow-windows. 1861 G. A. Sala Dutch Pict. xiii. 202 [He] had wafered the page of the book containing his lesson against the doctor's desk. 1874 C. H. Spurgeon Treasury of David IV. Ps. xci. 9, 10. 235 My curiosity led me to read a paper which was wafered up in a shoemaker's window. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1921; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1377v.1748 |
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