vulcanismn.

Brit.

/ˈvʌlkənɪz(ə)m/, U.S.

/ˈvəlkəˌnɪz(ə)m/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; modelled on a German lexical item. Etymons: vulcanic adj., -ism suffix.

Etymology: < vulcan- (in vulcanic adj.) + -ism suffix, after German Vulkanismus (1790 or earlier). Compare French vulcanisme (1842 in sense 1; 18th cent. in sense ‘cuckoldry’). Compare earlier volcanism n., vulcanist n. 3.

Geology.

1. Frequently with capital initial. A theory attributing the origin of basalt and other crystalline rocks to volcanic action or to igneous processes in general; = volcanism n. 1. Contrasted with Neptunism n. Cf. plutonism n. 1. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > earth sciences > theory of formation of earth > [noun] > internal heat

volcanism1811

vulcanism1819

plutonism1842

undation theory1932

magmatism1948

1819 Brit. Rev. Feb. 200 The Huttonian theory itself, with all its untenable points, is much better than this modified Vulcanism.

1859 A. Edersheim tr. J. H. Kurtz Hist. Old Covenant I. p. cvii We have already shown that the controversy between Neptunism and Vulcanism is not yet decided, and that the latter system..is not quite so secure as it would fain appear.

1951 Hispanic Amer. Hist. Rev. 31 569 The controversy soon took on a religious cast, Vulcanism becoming identified with heresy, and Neptunism with orthodoxy.

2001 Brit. Jrnl. Hist. Sci. 34 286 Historians have often contrasted Neptunism with Vulcanism, as though the words represent two mutually exclusive theories.

2. = volcanism n. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > formation of features > convulsion > [noun] > volcanic activity

volcanity1793

volcanism1830

volcanicity1832

vulcanicity1848

vulcanism1863

1863 D. Page Introd. Text-bk. Physical Geogr. vii. 76 Whatever be the nature of the vulcanism acting from within, we see that it exerts itself in certain definite lines and centres, and these lines and centres give rise to mountain chains and groups.

1883 Nature 18 Jan. 280/2 The..strata which have been deposited..under the combined influence of internal vulcanism and external atmospherical influences.

1948 R. L. Sherlock Permo-Triassic Formations ii. 244 Since most of the vulcanism took place in the Rhaetic, which we regard as Jurassic, it need not be described here.

1973 C. Sagan Cosmic Connection (1974) xvii. 127 Recent vulcanism on Mars implies outgassing.

2008 Scotsman (Nexis) 9 Feb. 36 The little frisson of fear that comes with reading of the bubbling vulcanism beneath Iceland's ice sheets.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2013; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	vulcanism
释义	vulcanismn. Brit. /ˈvʌlkənɪz(ə)m/, U.S. /ˈvəlkəˌnɪz(ə)m/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; modelled on a German lexical item. Etymons: vulcanic adj., -ism suffix. Etymology: < vulcan- (in vulcanic adj.) + -ism suffix, after German Vulkanismus (1790 or earlier). Compare French vulcanisme (1842 in sense 1; 18th cent. in sense ‘cuckoldry’). Compare earlier volcanism n., vulcanist n. 3. Geology. 1. Frequently with capital initial. A theory attributing the origin of basalt and other crystalline rocks to volcanic action or to igneous processes in general; = volcanism n. 1. Contrasted with Neptunism n. Cf. plutonism n. 1. Now historical. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > earth sciences > theory of formation of earth > [noun] > internal heat volcanism1811 vulcanism1819 plutonism1842 undation theory1932 magmatism1948 1819 Brit. Rev. Feb. 200 The Huttonian theory itself, with all its untenable points, is much better than this modified Vulcanism. 1859 A. Edersheim tr. J. H. Kurtz Hist. Old Covenant I. p. cvii We have already shown that the controversy between Neptunism and Vulcanism is not yet decided, and that the latter system..is not quite so secure as it would fain appear. 1951 Hispanic Amer. Hist. Rev. 31 569 The controversy soon took on a religious cast, Vulcanism becoming identified with heresy, and Neptunism with orthodoxy. 2001 Brit. Jrnl. Hist. Sci. 34 286 Historians have often contrasted Neptunism with Vulcanism, as though the words represent two mutually exclusive theories. 2. = volcanism n. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > formation of features > convulsion > [noun] > volcanic activity volcanity1793 volcanism1830 volcanicity1832 vulcanicity1848 vulcanism1863 1863 D. Page Introd. Text-bk. Physical Geogr. vii. 76 Whatever be the nature of the vulcanism acting from within, we see that it exerts itself in certain definite lines and centres, and these lines and centres give rise to mountain chains and groups. 1883 Nature 18 Jan. 280/2 The..strata which have been deposited..under the combined influence of internal vulcanism and external atmospherical influences. 1948 R. L. Sherlock Permo-Triassic Formations ii. 244 Since most of the vulcanism took place in the Rhaetic, which we regard as Jurassic, it need not be described here. 1973 C. Sagan Cosmic Connection (1974) xvii. 127 Recent vulcanism on Mars implies outgassing. 2008 Scotsman (Nexis) 9 Feb. 36 The little frisson of fear that comes with reading of the bubbling vulcanism beneath Iceland's ice sheets. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2013; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1819
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