Virginiann.adj.1
/vəˈdʒɪnɪən/, U.S. /vərˈdʒɪnjən/ A. n.
1. A member of a North American Indian people of Virginia.
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the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of America > native or inhabitant of North America > native or inhabitant of U.S.A. > [noun] > specific state > states > indigenous
Virginian1588
1588 T. Hariot Briefe Rep. Virginia sig. B 1 b [If mulberry trees are planted] there will rise as greate profite in time to the Virginians, as..doth now to the Persians.
1612 J. Smith Map of Virginia 34 (heading) Of the manner of the Virginians governement.
1619 T. Middleton Triumphs Loue & Antiq. sig. B3v The ciuilly instructed Irishman, and that kind Sauage, the Virginian.
1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 243 The Brasilians, and Virginians, and other Natives of America.
1859 W. M. Thackeray Virginians xl A young savage Iroquois, Choctaw, or Virginian, who has lately been making a little noise in our quarter of the globe.
2. A white settler in Virginia; a native or inhabitant of the modern State of Virginia.
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the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of America > native or inhabitant of North America > native or inhabitant of U.S.A. > [noun] > specific state > states > settler
Virginian1654
the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of America > native or inhabitant of North America > native or inhabitant of U.S.A. > [noun] > specific state > states
Marylander1640
Rhode Islander1665
Jerseyman1679
Pennsylvanian1685
Carolinian1705
Georgian1732
Marylandian1750
Jersey blue1758
Californian1762
Louisianian1775
Mississippian1775
Acadian1776
Vermonteer1778
Kentuckian1779
Vermontese1783
Indianian1784
Cohee1786
Kentuck1789
Virginian1797
Michiganian1813
Michigan1814
Tennessean1815
Ohioan1818
Illinoian1819
Ohian1819
Missourian1820
buckeye1823
Vermonter1825
Hoosier1826
red horse1833
sucker1833
wolverine1833
puke1834
corn-cracker1835
Texian1835
Alaskan1836
Texan1837
Michigander1838
Oregonian1838
Rackensack1839
Arkansian1844
badger1844
Bay Stater1845
Lone Star Stater1845
Oregonese1845
tar-boiler1845
weasel1845
web foot1845
Alabaman1846
Iowanc1848
Arkansan1851
Minnesotian1851
Washingtonian1852
Minnesotan1854
Nebraskan1854
Kansian1855
Utahan1855
Floridan1856
fly-up-the-creek1857
Dakotian1861
Coloradan1862
Coloradian1862
Texican1863
Coloradoan1864
tarheel1864
Cajun1868
Kansan1868
Montanian1869
Floridian1870
mudcat1872
New Jerseyan1872
Arkansawyer1874
longhorn1876
Mainer1879
New Jerseyite1885
prune picker1892
Hawaiian1893
Oklahoman1894
Tex1909
blue hen's chicken1921
Tejano1925
Geechee1926
Arkie1927
sooner1930
wyomingite1930
New Mexican1940
Okie1948
1654 in Colonial Rec. N. Carolina (1886) I. 18 Sir, if you think good to acquaint the States with what is done by two Virginians born, you will honor our country.
1755 W. Smith Brief State Province of Pennsylvania 15 'Tis true our Neighbours, the Virginians, have taken the Alarm, and called on our Assistance.
1797 Encycl. Brit. XVIII. 659/1 The Virginians who are rich, are in general sensible, polite, and hospitable and of an independent spirit.
1843 Penny Cycl. XXVI. 372/2 Parts of the Navigation Laws were deemed highly injurious to the interests of the Virginians.
1852 G. Bancroft Hist. Amer. Revol. I. xiii. 358 Two regiments of Virginians remained as a garrison.
B. adj.1
Of, or relating or belonging to, the State of Virginia; connected with or interested in Virginia.With the various applications of the adjective, cf. the attributive uses of Virginia n.
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the world > the earth > named regions of earth > America > North America > [adjective] > U.S.A. > specific states or regions > Virginia
Virginia1609
Virginian1612
1612 W. Symonds Proc. Eng. Colonie Virginia in J. Smith Map of Virginia For the honorable and better sort of our Virginian adventurers, I think they vnderstand it as I haue writ it.
1613 G. Chapman Memorable Maske Inns of Court sig. A2 On their heads high sprig'd-feathers, compast in Coronets, like the Virginian Princes they presented.
1782 New Ann. Reg. 1781 Brit. & Foreign Hist. 46/2 The second line [was composed] of Virginian militia.
a1797 H. Walpole Mem. George II (1822) I. 346 An Indian half king,..who in the Virginian accounts is called a very considerable monarch.
1839 W. M. Thackeray Virginians vi The scanty pay and patronage of the Virginian government.
1876 G. Bancroft Hist. U.S. (rev. ed.) I. xx. 545 Virginian and Maryland volunteers joined together, and..besieged the fort.
Compounds
C1.
a. In the names of plants and trees.Also Virginian poke, Virginian snake-root, Virginian spider-wort, Virginian stock, Virginian witch-hazel: see the nouns.
Virginian anemone n.
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1822 S. Clarke Hortus Anglicus II. 50 Virginian Anemone... Petals green; flower-stalks long; seeds shaggy.
Virginian azarole n.
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1785 T. Martyn tr. J.-J. Rousseau Lett. Elements Bot. xxi. 296 Virginian Azarole has oval leaves, wedge-shaped at the base, shining and deeply serrate.
Virginian bindweed n.
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1731 P. Miller Gardeners Dict. I. at Smilax Rough Virginian Bindweed, with a smooth Ivy Leaf, commonly call'd Zarzaparilla.
Virginian cedar n.
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1731 P. Miller Gardeners Dict. I. at Juniperus Red Virginian Cedar.
1731 P. Miller Gardeners Dict. I. at Juniperus The White-berry'd Virginian Cedar.
1861 R. Bentley Man. Bot. ii. iii. 660 Juniperus virginiana, the Virginian Red Cedar.
Virginian cowslip n.
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the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Boraginaceae (bugloss and allies) > [noun]
ribeOE
hound's-tonguec1000
ox-tonguea1325
rotheren tongue?a1350
buglossa1400
dog's tongue?a1425
lungwort1538
anchusa1548
sheep's tongue1552
cowslip of Jerusalem1578
Our Lady's milkwort1578
pulmonaria1578
sage of Jerusalem1578
wild comfrey1578
maiden-lips1589
bugloss cowslip1597
viper's bugloss1597
viper's herb1597
ribbie1607
lithospermon1646
wall bugloss1650
lady's glove1668
Venus's navelwort1678
spotted comfrey1688
cynogloss1705
Jerusalem sage1736
lawn1778
Mertensia1836
stickseed1843
Virginian cowslip1856
bluebell1858
gooseberry fool1858
Jerusalem cowslip1866
borage-wort1882
echium1883
rose noble1886
milksile-
1856 A. Gray Man. Bot. Northern U.S. (1860) 323 Mertensia Virginica, Virginian Cowslip or Lungwort.
1882 Garden 20 May 352/1 The Virginian Cowslip..attains true development in semi-shady spots.
Virginian date plum n.
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1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. I. 411/2 Diospyros virginiana is the Virginian Date Plum or Persimon, a native of the United States.
Virginian dogwood n.
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1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique Virginian-Dogwood, a Tree of the natural growth of Virginia, about the size of the common Cherry-Tree, blossoming early in the Spring.
Virginian fir n.
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1731 P. Miller Gardeners Dict. I. at Abies The Virginian Firr Tree, with small roundish Cones.
Virginian flowering maple n.
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1731 P. Miller Gardeners Dict. I. at Acer The Virginian flowering Maple was rais'd from Seeds which were brought from Virginia.
Virginian gelder-rose n.
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1829 T. Castle Introd. Systematical & Physiol. Bot. 95 The Virginian gelder-rose, a common garden shrub, affords a very perfect specimen of this kind of inflorescence.
Virginian grape n.
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1731 P. Miller Gardeners Dict. I. at Vitis The wild Virginian Grape.
Virginian guelder-rose n.
Virginian hemp n.
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1836 J. C. Loudon Encycl. Plants (rev. ed.) 834 Acnida,..Virginian Hemp. [Cf. hemp n. 5.]
Virginian ivy n.
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1731 P. Miller Gardeners Dict. I. at Hedera Round-leav'd Virginian Ivy.
Virginian jasmine n.
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1664 J. Evelyn Kalendarium Hortense 75 in Sylva Yellow Virginian Jasmine.
Virginian lungwort n.
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1882 Garden 29 Apr. 297/1 The pure blue of Virginian Lungwort combines happily with alpine Auriculas.
Virginian martagon n.
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1669 J. Evelyn Kalendarium Hortense (ed. 3) 90 August..Flowers in Prime..Agnus Castus, the Virginian Martagon.
Virginian myrtle n.
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1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique (at cited word) Virginian-Myrtle, otherwise call'd Candle-Berry-Tree.
Virginian poplar n.
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1843 Penny Cycl. XXV. 341/2 Tulip-tree, the English name of the Liriodendron tulipifera:..in America, where it is a native, it is also known by the names White wood,..Virginian Poplar, and the Poplar.
Virginian rose n.
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1731 P. Miller Gardeners Dict. I. at Rosa The Wild Virginian Rose.
Virginian silk n.
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the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > cultivated or ornamental vine > [noun] > other ornamental vines
Virginian silk1629
akebia1847
moonflower1859
smilax1870
kudzu1893
1629 J. Parkinson Paradisi in Sole 444 Virginian Silke.
1731 P. Miller Gardeners Dict. I Periploca, Virginian Silk... The Flower consists of one Leaf.
1860 Chambers's Encycl. I. 468/1 Asclepias Syriaca, Syrian or Virginian Swallow-wort, sometimes called Virginian Silk, appears to be a native of North America... It is frequently cultivated in flower-gardens.
1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. II. 1219/1 Virginian Silk, Periploca græca.
Virginian speedwell n.
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1731 P. Miller Gardeners Dict. I. at Veronica Tall Virginian Speedwell, with many Spikes and white Flowers.
Virginian sumac n.
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1829 J. Togno & E. Durand tr. H. Milne-Edwards & P. Vavasseur Man. Materia Medica iv. 100 The Narrow-leaved Sumach, Rhus copallinum, Willd.; the Pennsylvania Sumach, R. glabrum, Willd., and the Virginian Sumach, R. typhinum, Willd., are all native plants of North America.
Virginian swallow-wort n.
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1829 J. C. Loudon Encycl. Plants 196 (table) Asclepias R. Br. Swallow-wort... Syriaca W., Virginian.
1860 [see Virginian silk n.]. Virginian tephrosia n.
ΚΠ
1842 Penny Cycl. XXIV. 217/2 T. Virginiana, the Virginian Tephrosia,..is a handsome plant with reddish flowers.
Virginian thorn n.
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1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm I. 393 The cock's-spur~thorn (Cratægus crus galli) and the Virginian thorn (C. Virginiana) have been proposed.
Virginian trumpet-flower n.
ΚΠ
1736 Compl. Family-piece ii. iii. 313 There are several other Trees and Shrubs which are now in Flower, as..Virginian Trumpet-flower, Olives,..Capers.
Virginian vine n.
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1640 J. Howell Δενδρολογια 180 In this Virginian Vine, the saying of the wisest of Kings may be verifyed, That a good Wife is a Tree of life.
1731 P. Miller Gardeners Dict. I. at Vitis The Virginian Vine or Common Creeper.
Virginian wild crab tree n.
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1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique Virginian Wild Crab-tree, a Plant that blossoms somewhat like the Apple, but very pleasant to the Smell.
b. † Virginian climber n. Obsolete = maracock n.† Virginian potato n. Obsolete the sweet potato (potato n. 1); cf. Virginia potato, potato of Virginia at potato n. 2a.
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the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > shrubs > climbing, trailing, or creeping shrubs > [noun] > passion-flowers
maracock1609
passion flower1633
Virginian climber1688
passion-tree1728
love-in-a-mist1731
honeysuckle1756
passiflora1760
passionwort1846
New Zealand passion-flower1853
passion vine1853
1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. 68/2 The Virginian Climber;..these Flowers are of a whitish colour, thick spotted with a Peach colour.
1704 Dict. Rusticum Virginian Climber, or Maracac, comes out of the Ground in May with long round winding Stalks.
Virginian creeper n. = Virginia creeper n. at Virginia n. Compounds 1b.
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the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > climbing or creeping plants > non-British climbing or creeping plants > [noun] > North American
woodbine1624
Virginia vine1629
staff-tree1633
Virginia creeper?1703
climbing vine1760
mayflower1778
pepper vine1783
arbutus1785
trailing arbutus1785
pipe vine1803
Ampelopsis1805
ground-laurel1814
waxwork1818
ivory plum1828
fever twig1830
yerba buena1847
mountain pink1850
New England mayflower1855
creeping snowberry1856
Virginian creeper1856
May blossom1871
sand verbena1880
staff-vine1884
1856 A. Gray Man. Bot. Northern U.S. (1860) 78 Ampelopsis,..Virginian Creeper.
1871 H. Macmillan True Vine (1872) ii. 41 The Virginian creeper is known to botanists by the generic name of Ampelopsis, derived from its vine-like habit of growth.
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the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [noun] > root vegetables > potato > potato plant
potato1597
skirret of Peru1597
Irish potato1664
white potato1723
Virginian potato1731
potato plant1744
potato vine1750
lady's finger1827
peach-blow1861
Chilean potato1870
1731 M. Catesby Nat. Hist. Carolina (1754) II. 60 The Virginian Potato. Convolvulus radice tuberosa esculenta.
1737 Dr. Mortimer in Philos. Trans. 1735–6 (Royal Soc.) 39 258 The Virginian Potato. The Roots of these Plants are the principal Subsistance of the greater Part of Africa, and the southern Parts of Asia, as well as most of the People, both black and white, in the Colonies in America.
Virginian raspberry n. the American species Rubus odoratus.
ΚΠ
1731 P. Miller Gardeners Dict. I. at Rubus The Virginian Raspberry-bush with black Fruit.
C2. In the names of birds, quadrupeds, etc.
Virginian colin n.
ΚΠ
1843 W. Yarrell Hist. Brit. Birds II. 348 Ortyx Virginiana, Virginian Colin.
Virginian deer n.
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1781 T. Pennant Hist. Quadrupeds I. 104 Virginian Deer with slender horns... A quite distinct species, and peculiar to America.
c1880 Cassell's Nat. Hist. III. 68 The Virginian Deer..is the ‘Common’ Deer of North America, and is slightly smaller than the Fallow Deer.
Virginian flying squirrel n.
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1801 G. Shaw Gen. Zool. II. i. 155 Virginian Flying Squirrel. Sciurus Volucella.
Virginian goatsucker n.
ΚΠ
1817 J. F. Stephens Shaw's Gen. Zool. X. i. 153 Virginian Goatsucker. Caprimulgus virginianus.
Virginian horned owl n.
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1809 G. Shaw Gen. Zool. VII. i. 215 Virginian Horned Owl. Strix Virginiana.
Virginian nightingale n.
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the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > seed eaters > [noun] > family Emberizidae > subfamily Cardinalinae > genus Cardinalis
red-bird1649
Virginian nightingale1668
hawfinch1673
nutcracker1688
Virginia nightingale1694
cardinal1702
cardinal grosbeak1783
scarlet grosbeak1837
winter redbird1868
1668 W. Charleton Onomasticon Zoicon 85 Coccothraustes Virginiana,..the Virginian Nightingale.
1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. at Nightingale Virginian Nightingale,..the common, but improper, name of a bird of the gross-beaked kind.
1777 R. B. Sheridan Governess ii. ii. 16 Her voice is like a Virginian nightingale.
1896 P. A. Bruce Econ. Hist. Virginia I. 119 The cardinal or red bird, which was always described as the Virginian nightingale, on account of the clearness and strength rather than the variety of its notes.
Virginian opossum n.
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1800 G. Shaw Gen. Zool. I. ii. 473 Didelphis Virginiana. Virginian Opossum.
Virginian owl n.
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c1880 Cassell's Nat. Hist. III. 301 The Eagle Owl..and its relative, the Virginian Eared Owl of America, are the largest of all the family.
Virginian partridge n.
ΚΠ
1843 W. Yarrell Hist. Brit. Birds II. 348 Perdix Virginiana, Virginian Partridge.
1884 St. James's Gaz. 28 Apr. 6/2 The so-called Virginian partridge..has unaccountably failed to adapt himself to the English climate.
Virginian quail n.
ΚΠ
1867 Chambers's Encycl. IX. 809 Virginian Quail, or Colin (Ortyx), a genus of birds of the family Tetraonidæ, closely allied to quails and partridges.
c1880 Cassell's Nat. Hist. IV. 144 Some of the American Partridges are familiar to us in this country, such as the Virginian Quail (Ortyx virginianus).
Virginian rail n.
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1785 J. Latham Gen. Synopsis Birds III. i. 228 Rallus Virginianus, Virginian Rail. [Hence in Pennant (1792) and Stephens (1824).]
Virginian rattlesnake n.
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a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1657 (1955) III. 200 Two Virginian rattle-snakes.
Virginian squirrel n.
ΚΠ
1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth IV. 25 The grey Virginian squirrel..is larger than a rabbit, and of a greyish colour.
Virginian titmouse n.
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1783 J. Latham Gen. Synopsis Birds II. ii. 546 Parus Virginianus, Virginian Titmouse. [Hence in Pennant (1792) and Stephens (1817).]
C3. Miscellaneous uses.In quot. 1617 for Virginian sea n. (and under virgin n. and adj. Compounds 4) Virginian is an error for Vergivian, an epithet (derived from Ptolemy) of the Irish Sea.† Virginian vapour n. Obsolete tobacco-smoke.
Virginian plate n. (see quot.).
ΚΠ
1864 G. L. M. Strauss et al. England's Workshops 60 This new compound to which the inventors have given the name of Virginian plate or Virginian silver.
Virginian sea n. that part of the Atlantic Ocean lying off the coast of Virginia.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > sea or ocean > specific seas > [noun] > Atlantic Ocean > Virginian Sea
virgin's sea1603
Virginian sea1612
1612 J. Smith Map of Virginia Map The Virginian Sea.
1617 F. Moryson Itinerary iii. 156 This famous Iland in the Virginian Sea, is by olde Writers called Ierna,..by the English at this time Ireland.]
1888 Encycl. Brit. XXIV. 256/1 On the S. it is bounded by North Carolina and Tennessee,..and on the E. by the Virginian Sea of the Atlantic Ocean.
Virginian silver n. = Virginian plate n.
ΚΠ
1864Virginian silver [see Virginian plate n.].
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > tobacco > smoking > [noun] > tobacco smoke
Indian smoke1626
Indian fume1627
Virginian vapour1631
funk1699
1631 F. Lenton Characterismi sig. F7 He..then liues by Virginian vapour a week after.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1917; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
† virginianadj.2
Obsolete.
Virginal; virgin.
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the world > physical sensation > sexual relations > virginity > [adjective] > virginal
unknowna1382
maidena1400
untouchedc1400
undefiledc1450
virginal1483
indeflore?a1513
maidenly1530
undeflowereda1533
virginly1548
untwight1558
virgin1560
unravished1563
undeflore1568
unexperta1586
virgin-like1586
vestal1595
virgineous1607
virginian1613
unseduceda1616
indevirginate?1624
zoned1726
virgie1930
unlaid1962
1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 754 Whether it be Virginian modestie, and after the vse of Virgins, shee would say nay at first.
1758 R. Dossie Elaboratory laid open 319 The best virginian honey.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1917; most recently modified version published online December 2020).
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n.adj.11588
adj.21613