burrburn.¹

Brit.

/bəː/, U.S.

/bər/

Forms: Also 1600s burgh, 1500s–1600s burre.

Etymology: Derivation obscure: nor is it at all clear whether the senses under II and III ought not to be treated as separate words. But the co-existence of the form burrow n.⁵ with 5, and its explanation as ‘a circle about the moon’, seem to identify this with the burwhe , burrowe of the Promptorium, the phonetic variants being analogous to fur , furrow ; while the form burgh , besides burre , as well as the sense of II, appears equally to point back to the same Middle English forms. For the source of the Middle English see brough n.

I. General sense.

1. A circle.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > curvature > roundness > [noun] > circularity > a circle

rondelc1300

roundelc1300

circlec1305

compass1340

rondelet1385

cerne1393

burrc1440

orba1460

O1492

O1531

circular1575

rotundo1614

rhomb1656

circumference1667

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 56 Burwhe, sercle [1499 burrowe], orbiculus.

II. A (? protecting) ring, etc.

†2. A broad iron ring on a tilting spear just behind the place for the hand. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > sharp weapon > spear or lance > [noun] > lance > ring behind place for hand

burra1533

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > fighting sports > jousting or tilting > [noun] > equipment > specific parts

morne1494

burra1533

mornette1824

a1533 Ld. Berners tr. Arthur of Brytayn (?1560) lxxiiii. sig. Sv Squyers and varlettes were..knockynge on hedes & burres on myghtye speres.

1603 J. Florio tr. M. de Montaigne Ess. ii. xxxvii. 437 Burre, or yron of a launce, [etc.].

1611 T. Middleton & T. Dekker Roaring Girle sig. D3^v I'le try one speare..though it proue too short by the burgh.

1632 Guillim's Display of Heraldrie (ed. 2) iv. xiv. 342 The Burre..is a broad ring of Iron behind the..place made for the hand, which Burre is brought vnto the Rest when the Tilter chargeth his Speare or Staffe.

3. A washer placed on the small end of a rivet before the end is swaged down; also (Gunnery) see quot. 1802.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > building and constructing equipment > fastenings > [noun] > rivet > washer on end of

burr1661

1661 O. Felltham Resolves (rev. ed.) 240 A brawl.., which with all the burrs of silence should have still stood firmly riveted.

1802 C. James New Mil. Dict. Bur [in Gunnery], a round iron ring, which serves to rivet the end of the bolt, so as to form a round head.

1851 Orders & Regulations Royal Engineers (rev. ed.) §11. 51 Leather Pipes, joined by Copper Rivets and Burs.

1860 H. Stuart Novice's or Young Seaman's Catech. (rev. ed.) 5 Bolt and burr.

4. (See burr-pump n.)

III. In astronomical contexts.

5. A circle of light round the moon (or a star); a brough n. The original sense seems to have been merely ‘circle, halo’; but in modern use there is usually the notion of a nebulous or nimbous disc of light enfolding the luminary; as if modified by association with bur n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > luminous appearance > [noun] > aureole

circlea1123

hale1440

brough1496

burrow1499

halo1563

shine1581

burr1631

broucha1657

glory1693

aureole1858

Scheiner's halo1983

1631 R. Brathwait Whimzies xxii. 173 A Burre about the Moone is..a presage of a tempest.

1794 G. Adams Lect. Nat. & Exper. Philos. IV. lii. 541 The stars seem..surrounded with a sort of burs.

1802 W. Herschel in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 92 499 Of Stars with Burs, or Stellar Nebulæ.

1851 J. P. Nichol Archit. Heavens (ed. 9) 128 The halo itself gradually sinking into a bur, or an atmosphere around a star.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

burrburn.²

Brit.

/bəː/, U.S.

/bər/

Etymology: Origin unknown.

The sweet-bread of a calf, sheep, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > part or joint of animal > [noun] > glands

liverOE

kidneyc1325

rys lumbard?c1390

fee14..

sweetbread1565

burr1573

gut-bread1893

miltz1909

prairie oyster1941

1573 Treat. Arte of Limming 10 To take grease out of parchement or paper: Take shepes burres and burne them to pouder, etc.

1730–6 N. Bailey Dict. Britannicum (at cited word) The Bur of a Beef, etc., the sweet bread.

1752 Hist. Pompey the Litt. 125 Sitting down to a breast of veal..raving at the landlord, because the bur was gone.

1834 E. Copley Housekeeper's Guide v. 107 A sweet-bread (or burr)..boiled.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

burrburn.³

Etymology: Etymology uncertain. Though the sense approaches that of bore n.¹, connection with that appears to be phonetically impossible. Mr. E. B. Poulton suggests that the general notion is that of ‘a roughness or scar, which looks artificial or as if resulting from accident—the look presented by an ear (beyond any other organ of special sense) in birds, and other animals which have not the external pinna possessed by mammals’. This would connect it with burr n.⁴, or even with bur n.

The external meatus of the ear, the opening leading to the tympanum. (This is clear in quot. 1688, since hawks have nothing but an opening; so practically the cropt-eared dog in quot. 1677; quot. 1573 refers to the secretion of wax in the meatus of the ear, and (as was formerly supposed) in the parotid glands or ‘kernels of the ears’ (though it might be read as identifying the ‘burres’ with the ‘kirnels’). Dr. Johnson's explanation ‘the lobe or lap of the ear’ was an unfortunate guess, servilely followed by later dictionaries.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > sense organ > hearing organ > parts of hearing organ > [noun] > canals

burr1573

meatus1615

scala1712

Fallopian canal1877

external auditory meatus1893

porion1916

auditory meatus1920

1573 T. Cooper Thesaurus (new ed.) Parotis..an impostume behinde the eares comming of a matter distilling from the heade into the burres or kirnels of the eares.

1677 London Gaz. No. 1203/4 A Little White Shock Bitch..cropt ears..red above the burrs of her ears.

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. 237/1 Names of the parts of a Falcon—Of the Head..The Burrs, or Ear burs, are the Ears.

1724 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. (ed. 2) Burr, the round Knob of Horn round a Deer's Head.

1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. Burr, the lobe or lap of the ear.

1857 P. Cartwright Autobiogr. (1858) viii. 46 I struck a sudden blow in the burr of the ear and dropped him to the earth.

1928 P. Green In Valley 121 I whammed him in the burr of the ear and piled him.

1954 C. L. B. Hubbard Compl. Dog Breeders' Man. xxxvi. 318 Burr, the irregular formation inside the ear.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

burrburn.⁴

Brit.

/bəː/, U.S.

/bər/

Etymology: apparently the same word as bur n.; at least having some notion of roughness derived from it.

1. A rough ridge or edge left on metal or other substance after cutting, punching, etc.; e.g. the roughness produced on a copperplate by the graver; the rough neck left on a bullet in casting; the ridge produced on paper, etc., by puncture.

ΘΠ

the world > space > shape > unevenness > [noun] > roughness > roughness of edge > rough edge

burr1611

ragging1683

fash1831

1611 J. Florio Queen Anna's New World of Words Bocchina..that stalke or necke of a bullet which in the casting remaines in the necke of the mould, called of our Gunners the bur of the bullet.

1784 E. Darwin in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 75 5 A bur made by forcing a bodkin through several parallel sheets of paper.

1837 N. Whittock et al. Compl. Bk. Trades (1842) 214 The scraper..for rubbing off the burr or barb raised by the graver on the copper plate.

1846 Print. Appar. Amateurs 13 [In type-founding] when the waste piece of metal called the ‘break’ is broken off, the burr that is left is planed away.

1876 Athenæum 25 Nov. 693/3 Burr..is caused by the tearing up of the copper by the needle or burin. A ragged edge is left which holds the ink and gives a rich velvety effect.

1879 Cassell's Techn. Educator (new ed.) IV. 117/2 A burr left at the hinder end of the thread [of a screw] which ‘ragged’ the wood.

2. Technical senses of obscure origin. [? With notion of ‘something rough’, or of ‘tool for removing roughness’.]

a. short for burr-chisel n., burr-drill n. at Compounds (also, a similar instrument used for surgical operations on the bones), burr-saw n. at Compounds.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > cutting tool > chisel > [noun] > other chisels

grooping-ironc1440

grubbing-ironc1440

grubbling iron1530

ripping-chisel1659

paring chisel1675

ripping-chisel1679

flat chisel1688

burr1794

tan-spud1828

spud1846

dogleg1855

jagger1875

pointer1875

spade-chisel1895

claw-chisel1933

burr-chisel-

the world > health and disease > healing > dentistry > [noun] > dentists' drills

burr1859

burr-drill1859

drill1859

foot drill1860

tooth-mill1879

the world > health and disease > healing > medical appliances or equipment > surgical instruments > [noun] > piercing or boring instruments

rinspindlec1392

piercer?a1425

terebellum1678

perforator1739

perforative1740

Terebella1860

pricker1869

burr1899

1794 D. Steel Elements & Pract. Rigging & Seamanship I. 150 Burr, a triangular hollow chissel, used to clear the corners of mortises.

1859 J. Taft Pract. Treat. Operative Dentistry iv. 99 The burs and drills may be made of pieces of wire..and fitted to a socket handle.

1881 C. A. Harris Princ. & Pract. Dentistry (ed. 10) iii. ii. 305 Dr. Forbes has adapted to enamel burrs, chisels and gouges an ingenious handle.

1899 C. Truax Mech. Surgery xviii. 392 Surgical burrs..may be either olive shaped or in cylindrical form, the former being generally preferred.

1939 J. B. Parfitt & Herbert Operative Dental Surg. (ed. 4) ix. 125 The introduction of diamond burs in recent years has almost revolutionized cavity cutting.

b. (See quot.)

ΘΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > machine tool > other specific machine tools > [noun] > machine for cutting screw-threads > other screw-cutting equipment

screw-plate1638

screw stock1740

burr1833

screw box1846

thread-gauge1877

pipe die1890

1833 J. Holland Treat. Manuf. Metal II. 145 In the making of screws..workmen..use what they call a burr, or burring tool..The burr is a square piece of steel..having in the centre a hole screwed as accurately as possible with a square thread or worm.

Compounds

Thesaurus »

burr-chisel n. a three-edged chisel used to clear the corners of mortises.

burr-cutter n.

burr-drill n. a dentist's drill with a serrated or file-cut knob or head.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > dentistry > [noun] > dentists' drills

burr1859

burr-drill1859

drill1859

foot drill1860

tooth-mill1879

1850 C. A. Harris Princ. & Pract. Dental Surg. (ed. 4) iii. iii. 290 The flat and burr-headed drills are very useful for enlarging the opening into the cavity.]

1859 J. Taft Pract. Treat. Operative Dentistry iv. 96 Bur Drills..should be manufactured of the best steel, and wrought with the greatest care.

Thesaurus »

Categories »

burr-gauge n. a plate perforated with holes of graduated sizes, for determining the sizes of burr-drills.

burr-hole n. a hole made by a burr-drill.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > surgery > operations on specific parts or conditions > [noun] > operations on the skull > hole made by trepanning or drilling

trepan hole1899

burr-hole1948

1948 E. H. Botterell in Brit. Surg. Practice II. 379 Bilateral burr holes are made in the mid-temporal region.

Thesaurus »

burr-nipper nippers for cutting away the burr from a leaden bullet.

Thesaurus »

burr-saw n. a small circular saw used in turning.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

burrburn.⁵

Brit.

/bəː/, U.S.

/bər/

Forms: Also buhr.

Etymology: Origin uncertain: possibly identical with bur n., being so called from its roughness.

a. Siliceous rock capable of being employed for millstones.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > rock > metamorphic rock > [noun] > burr

burr-stone1690

burr1721

1721 C. King Brit. Merchant I. 288 Burrs for Mill-Stones.

1834 Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 25 233 Millstones equal to the best French buhrs.

1857 Trans. Illinois State Agric. Soc. 1856–7 2 360 Edgar's mill..was for the time, a fine flouring mill, with French buhrs.

1880 R. Jefferies Round about Great Estate 168 The French burrs..come over in fragments.

b. A whetstone.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > shaping tools or equipment > [noun] > sharpening > whetstone

whetstonec725

hone-stone1393

filourc1400

hone1440

rub1502

rubber1553

knife-stone1571

stone1578

oilstone1585

block1592

oil whetstone1601

greenstone1668

scythe-stone1688

water stone1703

sharping-stone1714

Scotch stone1766

honer1780

Turkey hone1794

polishing-slate1801

burr1816

Turkey stone1816

German hone1817

Arkansas1869

rag1877

rock1889

slipstone1927

1816 W. Smith Strata Identified 12 Burs, or scythe stones.

1879 G. F. Jackson Shropshire Word-bk. Bur..a whetstone for scythes.

2. A siliceous boss or rock occurring among calcareous, or other softer, formations; a harder part in any freestone.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > discontinuity or unconformity > [noun] > intrusion > boss

boss1605

burr1839

1839 R. I. Murchison Silurian Syst. i. iv. 49 Upright bands of hard sandstone, termed ‘Burrs’, which cut through the strata.

1865 J. T. F. Turner Familiar Descr. Old Delabole Slate Quarries 16 Circular saws..are..unable to cut through ‘burrs’..and other hard places.

3. spec. A term applied by quarrymen in Dorsetshire to a soft sandy limestone, with hard silicified bosses, above the ‘Dirt bed’ in the Lower Purbeck series. Also to a harder sandy limestone chiefly made up of comminuted shells, in the Upper Purbeck beds.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > rock > sedimentary rock > [noun] > limestone > others

lias1404

stone marrow1681

stone marl1682

saint's head stone1763

Kentish rag1769

watericle1776

kankar1793

Cotham1816

mountain limestone1817

tosca1818

cornstone1819

burr1829

coral-limestone1831

scar-limestone1831

Wenlock limestone1834

bavin1839

curf1839

Solenhofen slate1841

Beer stone1871

miliolite limestone1872

Clipsham1877

reef limestone1884

Hopton wood1888

thermo-calcite1888

Kilkenny marble1930

micrite1959

1829 T. Webster Observ. Purb. & Portland Beds, Trans. Geol. Soc. 2nd Ser. II Below this is another mass of calcareous stone, considerably softer..it is divided into two by a slaty bed, the upper being called aish, and the lower the soft burr.

1882 Cornhill Mag. 728 Above this we get the soft burr, a lake sediment.

1883 T. Bond Corfe Castle 51 The stone..locally known by the name of Bur, is perhaps the most durable building stone in England.

4. A partly fused mass of brick; a clinker.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > clay compositions > baked clay > brick > [noun] > brick made in specific way

semi-brick1601

place brick1621

clinker1659

rubbed brick1663

rubber1744

marl1812

bat1816

burr1823

wire-cut brick1839

place1843

wire-cut1910

rug brick1914

texture brick1940

1823 P. Nicholson New Pract. Builder 344 Burrs or Clinkers are such as are so much over-burnt as to vitrify, and run two or three together.

1842 J. Gwilt Encycl. Archit. ii. ii. 504 Burrs and clinkers are such bricks as have been violently burnt, or masses of several bricks run together in the clamp or kiln.

1864 Daily Tel. 2 June The advisability of sinking brick burrs in different parts of the river.

5. attributive: see burr-stone n. burr millstone (U.S.).

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation of grain > milling or grinding > [noun] > corn-mill > millstone

millstoneeOE

quernstoneOE

grindle stone?c1225

grindstonea1250

dog stonea1399

grinding-stonec1440

runner1533

sheeling-stone1563

metate1625

burr millstone1771

mealing stone1866

1771 G. Washington Writings (1931) III. 63 A pair of French burr millstones.

1829 S. Cumings Western Pilot 23 This..is famous for its quarries of stone; from which are manufactured burr mill stones.

1851 C. Cist Sketches & Statistics Cincinnati 182 James Bradford & Co...manufacture yearly seventy-five pairs burr millstones.

1883 Specif. N.E. Railw. (Alnwick & Cornh. Branch) 58 Price of Dry or Burr Walling.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

burrn.⁶

Brit.

/bəː/,

/bʌr/, U.S.

/bər/

Forms: Also burrh.

Etymology: apparently imitative of the sound; though probably associated in idea with the roughness of a bur; compare bur n., especially sense 4, bur in the throat.

a. A rough sounding of the letter r; spec. the rough uvular trill (= French r grasseyé) characteristic of the county of Northumberland, and found elsewhere as an individual peculiarity.Writers unfamiliar with phonology often confuse the Northumberland burr with the entirely different Scottish r, which is a lingual trill: see quots. 1835, 1873.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > speech sound by manner > [noun] > sonant > liquid > trill > burr

wharling1610

rattle1743

wharl1748

burr1760

whurl1797

birr1837

uvula trill1869

1760 S. Foote Minor Introd. 3 An aunt..just come from the north, with the true Newcastle bur in her throat.

1805 R. Forsyth Beauties Scotl. II. 57 From [the Tweed], southward as far as Yorkshire, universally all persons annex a guttural sound to the letter r; a practice which in some places receives the appellation of the Berwick burrh.

1835 W. Irving Abbotsford in Crayon Misc. II. 56 He spoke with a Scottish accent, and with somewhat of the Northumbrian ‘burr’.

1873 J. A. H. Murray Dial. S. Counties Scotl. 86 The northern limits of the burr are very sharply defined, there being no transitional sound between it and the Scotch r. Along the line of the Cheviots, the Scotch r has driven the burr a few miles back, perhaps because many of the farmers and shepherds are of Scotch origin.

1876 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People (1882) i. §3. 25 The rough Northumbrian burr.

b. Hence, loosely, A rough or dialectal pronunciation, a peculiarity of utterance.

ΚΠ

1849 C. Brontë Shirley I. iv. 66 A Yorkshire burr..was..much better than a Cockney's lisp.

1849 C. Brontë Shirley III. ii. 41 Your accent..has no rugged burr.

1869 A. J. Ellis On Early Eng. Pronunc. I. i. i. 19 Each district has its burr or brogue.

1874 F. W. Farrar Life Christ II. lix. 348 Betrayed by his Galilæan burr.

2. [= birr n.¹ 3.] Whirr, vibratory or rushing noise.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > continuous or protracted sound > vibratory sound > [noun] > whirr

whirring1581

hurring1582

whirr1677

burr1818

birr1837

whirra1929

1818 J. Keats Endymion ii. 60 Holding his forehead, to keep off the burr Of smothering fancies.

1825 S. T. Coleridge Lett. xl, in Lett., Conversat., & Recoll. II. 177 Put the whole working hive of my thoughts in a whirl and a bur.

1856 D. M. Mulock John Halifax I. i. 3 The open house-doors..through which came the drowsy burr of many a stocking-loom.

1860 All Year Round 26 May 159 The burr of working wheels and cranks.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

burrburn.⁷

Brit.

/bəː/, U.S.

/bər/

Etymology: < French bourre ‘padding’, also ‘refuse of raw silk’. Compare burl n.¹

1. A sort of pad for a saddle.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping or management of horses > horse-gear > [noun] > saddle > parts of saddle

saddle-boweOE

arsonc1300

saddle skirt1361

saddle-tree1364

skirtc1400

saddle panel1465

stock-tree1470

stock1497

pommela1500

tree1535

pillion cloth1540

port1548

saddle stock1548

pilch1552

bolster1591

cantle1591

shank-pilliona1599

pillowc1600

pad1604

crutch1607

sivet1607

saddle crutcha1614

saddle eaves1663

saddle tore1681

burr1688

head1688

narve1688

saddle seat1688

sidebar1688

torea1694

quarter1735

bands of a saddle1753

witherband1764

withers1764

peak1775

pillion-stick1784

boot-housing1792

saddle flap1798

saddle lap1803

fork1833

flap1849

horn1849

skirting1852

hunting-horn1854

head-plate1855

saddle horn1856

cantle bar1859

leaping-horn1859

straining1871

stirrup-bar1875

straining-leather1875

spring tree1877

leaping-head1881

officer-tree1894

monkey1911

monkey-strap1915

thigh roll1963

straining-web-

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 345/1 The French Pad Saddle..the Burs of it come wholly round the seat.

1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique at Saddle Pad Saddle, of which there are Two sorts, some being made with Burrs before the Seat, others with Bolsters under the Thighs.

2. The refuse of raw silk.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > treated or processed textiles > [noun] > silk > waste

floss silk1760

burr1798

silk waste1842

strass1858

1798 W. Hutton Life 117 To take out the burs and uneven parts [of a thread of silk].

1812 J. Smyth Pract. of Customs ii. 185 Waste Silk is what surrounds the cocoon... This Burr is proper to stuff quilts.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

burrburn.⁸

Etymology: < Hindi baṛ < Sanskrit vaṭa.

The Banyan-tree ( Ficus indica); also attributive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > non-British trees or shrubs > Asian trees or shrubs > [noun] > banyan tree

Indian fig1382

Indian fig tree1594

banian-tree1638

war1687

peepul tree1783

burr1813

Brahminy fig tree1814

bo tree1820

bodhi tree1838

pagoda tree1876

waringin1889

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular fruit-tree or -plant > [adjective] > of fig-tree or leaves

fig treea1340

fig-leaved1710

burr1813

1813 J. Forbes Oriental Mem. III. xxviii. 14 A sacred burr, or pipal-tree.

a1843 R. Southey Common-place Bk. (1849) 2nd Ser. 407/2 A remarkable banian or burr tree.

1844 J. H. Stocqueler Hand-bk. India 271 The bur, the largest of trees.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online September 2018).

† burrv.¹

Etymology: < burr n.¹

Obsolete. rare.

intransitive. To spread out like a burr round the moon.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > luminous appearance > [verb (intransitive)] > spread out like an aureole

burr1660

1660 H. More Explan. Grand Myst. Godliness iii. vi. 71 The Rayes of things, burring out from all Bodies that act at a distance.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

burrv.²

Brit.

/bəː/, U.S.

/bər/

Etymology: < burr n.¹ 3.

transitive. To fashion into a burr or rivet-head.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > manufacturing processes > making tools, equipment, or fastenings > make tools, equipment, or fastenings [verb (transitive)] > processes in making screws

tap1815

screw1833

strip1873

burr1880

1880 Times 27 Dec. 9/4 A tool having a screw and triple clip, which grasps the gas check and burrs it over a projection at the base of the shell.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

burrv.³

Etymology: < burr n.⁶

1. intransitive. To pronounce a strong uvular r (instead of a trilled r), as is done in Northumberland. Also, loosely, to speak with a rough articulation; to speak inarticulately or indistinctly, to utter the syllable burr or something like it.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > speech sound by manner > [verb (intransitive)] > burr

wharl1634

burr1798

1798 W. Wordsworth Idiot Boy in W. Wordsworth & S. T. Coleridge Lyrical Ballads 156 Burr, burr—now Johnny's lips they burr, As loud as any mill, or near it.

1816 Monthly Mag. 41 527 There let them burr and oy.

a1871 T. Carlyle Reminisc. (1881) II. 126 He..burred with his r.

2. transitive. To pronounce (r) with a ‘burr’ (or, loosely, with a trill).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > speech sound by manner > [verb (transitive)] > trill > burr

burr1868

1868 H. Kingsley Mathilde II. 268 There were plenty of r's in it, and he burred them.

1888 N.E.D. at Burr Mod. You cannot speak French like a Parisian, until you have learnt to burr your r's.

3. intransitive. To make a whirring noise.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > continuous or protracted sound > vibratory sound > [verb (intransitive)] > whirr

whirra1400

birra1522

skirr1567

brill1688

burr1838

1838 J. J. Audubon Ornithol. Biogr. IV. 555 We..saw the males [sc. humming birds] in numbers, darting, burring, and squeaking.

1886 E. Hodder Life Earl Shaftesbury I. iii. 139 Amidst the burring din of machinery.

1946 K. Tennant Lost Haven (1947) xviii. 295 She hated moths. Let it stay there burring and fluttering.

1959 G. Usher Death in Bag xvi. 167 The telephone clacked and burred at length.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online September 2018).

burrv.⁴

Brit.

/bəː/, U.S.

/bər/

Etymology: < burr n.⁴ 2.

a. intransitive. To use a burr.

b. transitive. To excavate (a tooth) with a burr.

Derivatives

ˈburring n. (attributive) as burring-engine a dentist's machine for driving a burr-drill, etc.; burring tool (see burr n.⁴ 2b).

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > dentistry > [noun] > dentists' drills > part of

burring1875

handpiece1889

1875 Dental Cosmos 17 510 With the burring-engine I ground off enough of the cusp.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1933; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

> see also

also refers to : burburrn.

n.¹c1440

n.²1573

n.³1573

n.⁴1611

n.⁵1721

n.⁶1760

n.⁷1688

n.⁸1813

v.¹1660

v.²1880

v.³1798

v.⁴1875

单词	burr
释义	burrburn.¹ Brit. /bəː/, U.S. /bər/ Forms: Also 1600s burgh, 1500s–1600s burre. Etymology: Derivation obscure: nor is it at all clear whether the senses under II and III ought not to be treated as separate words. But the co-existence of the form burrow n.⁵ with 5, and its explanation as ‘a circle about the moon’, seem to identify this with the burwhe , burrowe of the Promptorium, the phonetic variants being analogous to fur , furrow ; while the form burgh , besides burre , as well as the sense of II, appears equally to point back to the same Middle English forms. For the source of the Middle English see brough n. I. General sense. 1. A circle. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > curvature > roundness > [noun] > circularity > a circle rondelc1300 roundelc1300 circlec1305 compass1340 rondelet1385 cerne1393 burrc1440 orba1460 O1492 O1531 circular1575 rotundo1614 rhomb1656 circumference1667 c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 56 Burwhe, sercle [1499 burrowe], orbiculus. II. A (? protecting) ring, etc. †2. A broad iron ring on a tilting spear just behind the place for the hand. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > sharp weapon > spear or lance > [noun] > lance > ring behind place for hand burra1533 society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > fighting sports > jousting or tilting > [noun] > equipment > specific parts morne1494 burra1533 mornette1824 a1533 Ld. Berners tr. Arthur of Brytayn (?1560) lxxiiii. sig. Sv Squyers and varlettes were..knockynge on hedes & burres on myghtye speres. 1603 J. Florio tr. M. de Montaigne Ess. ii. xxxvii. 437 Burre, or yron of a launce, [etc.]. 1611 T. Middleton & T. Dekker Roaring Girle sig. D3^v I'le try one speare..though it proue too short by the burgh. 1632 Guillim's Display of Heraldrie (ed. 2) iv. xiv. 342 The Burre..is a broad ring of Iron behind the..place made for the hand, which Burre is brought vnto the Rest when the Tilter chargeth his Speare or Staffe. 3. A washer placed on the small end of a rivet before the end is swaged down; also (Gunnery) see quot. 1802. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > building and constructing equipment > fastenings > [noun] > rivet > washer on end of burr1661 1661 O. Felltham Resolves (rev. ed.) 240 A brawl.., which with all the burrs of silence should have still stood firmly riveted. 1802 C. James New Mil. Dict. Bur [in Gunnery], a round iron ring, which serves to rivet the end of the bolt, so as to form a round head. 1851 Orders & Regulations Royal Engineers (rev. ed.) §11. 51 Leather Pipes, joined by Copper Rivets and Burs. 1860 H. Stuart Novice's or Young Seaman's Catech. (rev. ed.) 5 Bolt and burr. 4. (See burr-pump n.) III. In astronomical contexts. 5. A circle of light round the moon (or a star); a brough n. The original sense seems to have been merely ‘circle, halo’; but in modern use there is usually the notion of a nebulous or nimbous disc of light enfolding the luminary; as if modified by association with bur n. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > luminous appearance > [noun] > aureole circlea1123 hale1440 brough1496 burrow1499 halo1563 shine1581 burr1631 broucha1657 glory1693 aureole1858 Scheiner's halo1983 1631 R. Brathwait Whimzies xxii. 173 A Burre about the Moone is..a presage of a tempest. 1794 G. Adams Lect. Nat. & Exper. Philos. IV. lii. 541 The stars seem..surrounded with a sort of burs. 1802 W. Herschel in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 92 499 Of Stars with Burs, or Stellar Nebulæ. 1851 J. P. Nichol Archit. Heavens (ed. 9) 128 The halo itself gradually sinking into a bur, or an atmosphere around a star. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online March 2022). burrburn.² Brit. /bəː/, U.S. /bər/ Etymology: Origin unknown. The sweet-bread of a calf, sheep, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > part or joint of animal > [noun] > glands liverOE kidneyc1325 rys lumbard?c1390 fee14.. sweetbread1565 burr1573 gut-bread1893 miltz1909 prairie oyster1941 1573 Treat. Arte of Limming 10 To take grease out of parchement or paper: Take shepes burres and burne them to pouder, etc. 1730–6 N. Bailey Dict. Britannicum (at cited word) The Bur of a Beef, etc., the sweet bread. 1752 Hist. Pompey the Litt. 125 Sitting down to a breast of veal..raving at the landlord, because the bur was gone. 1834 E. Copley Housekeeper's Guide v. 107 A sweet-bread (or burr)..boiled. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online December 2021). burrburn.³ Etymology: Etymology uncertain. Though the sense approaches that of bore n.¹, connection with that appears to be phonetically impossible. Mr. E. B. Poulton suggests that the general notion is that of ‘a roughness or scar, which looks artificial or as if resulting from accident—the look presented by an ear (beyond any other organ of special sense) in birds, and other animals which have not the external pinna possessed by mammals’. This would connect it with burr n.⁴, or even with bur n. The external meatus of the ear, the opening leading to the tympanum. (This is clear in quot. 1688, since hawks have nothing but an opening; so practically the cropt-eared dog in quot. 1677; quot. 1573 refers to the secretion of wax in the meatus of the ear, and (as was formerly supposed) in the parotid glands or ‘kernels of the ears’ (though it might be read as identifying the ‘burres’ with the ‘kirnels’). Dr. Johnson's explanation ‘the lobe or lap of the ear’ was an unfortunate guess, servilely followed by later dictionaries.) ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > sense organ > hearing organ > parts of hearing organ > [noun] > canals burr1573 meatus1615 scala1712 Fallopian canal1877 external auditory meatus1893 porion1916 auditory meatus1920 1573 T. Cooper Thesaurus (new ed.) Parotis..an impostume behinde the eares comming of a matter distilling from the heade into the burres or kirnels of the eares. 1677 London Gaz. No. 1203/4 A Little White Shock Bitch..cropt ears..red above the burrs of her ears. 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. 237/1 Names of the parts of a Falcon—Of the Head..The Burrs, or Ear burs, are the Ears. 1724 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. (ed. 2) Burr, the round Knob of Horn round a Deer's Head. 1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. Burr, the lobe or lap of the ear. 1857 P. Cartwright Autobiogr. (1858) viii. 46 I struck a sudden blow in the burr of the ear and dropped him to the earth. 1928 P. Green In Valley 121 I whammed him in the burr of the ear and piled him. 1954 C. L. B. Hubbard Compl. Dog Breeders' Man. xxxvi. 318 Burr, the irregular formation inside the ear. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online March 2021). burrburn.⁴ Brit. /bəː/, U.S. /bər/ Etymology: apparently the same word as bur n.; at least having some notion of roughness derived from it. 1. A rough ridge or edge left on metal or other substance after cutting, punching, etc.; e.g. the roughness produced on a copperplate by the graver; the rough neck left on a bullet in casting; the ridge produced on paper, etc., by puncture. ΘΠ the world > space > shape > unevenness > [noun] > roughness > roughness of edge > rough edge burr1611 ragging1683 fash1831 1611 J. Florio Queen Anna's New World of Words Bocchina..that stalke or necke of a bullet which in the casting remaines in the necke of the mould, called of our Gunners the bur of the bullet. 1784 E. Darwin in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 75 5 A bur made by forcing a bodkin through several parallel sheets of paper. 1837 N. Whittock et al. Compl. Bk. Trades (1842) 214 The scraper..for rubbing off the burr or barb raised by the graver on the copper plate. 1846 Print. Appar. Amateurs 13 [In type-founding] when the waste piece of metal called the ‘break’ is broken off, the burr that is left is planed away. 1876 Athenæum 25 Nov. 693/3 Burr..is caused by the tearing up of the copper by the needle or burin. A ragged edge is left which holds the ink and gives a rich velvety effect. 1879 Cassell's Techn. Educator (new ed.) IV. 117/2 A burr left at the hinder end of the thread [of a screw] which ‘ragged’ the wood. 2. Technical senses of obscure origin. [? With notion of ‘something rough’, or of ‘tool for removing roughness’.] a. short for burr-chisel n., burr-drill n. at Compounds (also, a similar instrument used for surgical operations on the bones), burr-saw n. at Compounds. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > cutting tool > chisel > [noun] > other chisels grooping-ironc1440 grubbing-ironc1440 grubbling iron1530 ripping-chisel1659 paring chisel1675 ripping-chisel1679 flat chisel1688 burr1794 tan-spud1828 spud1846 dogleg1855 jagger1875 pointer1875 spade-chisel1895 claw-chisel1933 burr-chisel- the world > health and disease > healing > dentistry > [noun] > dentists' drills burr1859 burr-drill1859 drill1859 foot drill1860 tooth-mill1879 the world > health and disease > healing > medical appliances or equipment > surgical instruments > [noun] > piercing or boring instruments rinspindlec1392 piercer?a1425 terebellum1678 perforator1739 perforative1740 Terebella1860 pricker1869 burr1899 1794 D. Steel Elements & Pract. Rigging & Seamanship I. 150 Burr, a triangular hollow chissel, used to clear the corners of mortises. 1859 J. Taft Pract. Treat. Operative Dentistry iv. 99 The burs and drills may be made of pieces of wire..and fitted to a socket handle. 1881 C. A. Harris Princ. & Pract. Dentistry (ed. 10) iii. ii. 305 Dr. Forbes has adapted to enamel burrs, chisels and gouges an ingenious handle. 1899 C. Truax Mech. Surgery xviii. 392 Surgical burrs..may be either olive shaped or in cylindrical form, the former being generally preferred. 1939 J. B. Parfitt & Herbert Operative Dental Surg. (ed. 4) ix. 125 The introduction of diamond burs in recent years has almost revolutionized cavity cutting. b. (See quot.) ΘΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > machine tool > other specific machine tools > [noun] > machine for cutting screw-threads > other screw-cutting equipment screw-plate1638 screw stock1740 burr1833 screw box1846 thread-gauge1877 pipe die1890 1833 J. Holland Treat. Manuf. Metal II. 145 In the making of screws..workmen..use what they call a burr, or burring tool..The burr is a square piece of steel..having in the centre a hole screwed as accurately as possible with a square thread or worm. Compounds Thesaurus » burr-chisel n. a three-edged chisel used to clear the corners of mortises. burr-cutter n. burr-drill n. a dentist's drill with a serrated or file-cut knob or head. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > dentistry > [noun] > dentists' drills burr1859 burr-drill1859 drill1859 foot drill1860 tooth-mill1879 1850 C. A. Harris Princ. & Pract. Dental Surg. (ed. 4) iii. iii. 290 The flat and burr-headed drills are very useful for enlarging the opening into the cavity.] 1859 J. Taft Pract. Treat. Operative Dentistry iv. 96 Bur Drills..should be manufactured of the best steel, and wrought with the greatest care. Thesaurus » Categories » burr-gauge n. a plate perforated with holes of graduated sizes, for determining the sizes of burr-drills. burr-hole n. a hole made by a burr-drill. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > surgery > operations on specific parts or conditions > [noun] > operations on the skull > hole made by trepanning or drilling trepan hole1899 burr-hole1948 1948 E. H. Botterell in Brit. Surg. Practice II. 379 Bilateral burr holes are made in the mid-temporal region. Thesaurus » burr-nipper nippers for cutting away the burr from a leaden bullet. Thesaurus » burr-saw n. a small circular saw used in turning. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online December 2021). burrburn.⁵ Brit. /bəː/, U.S. /bər/ Forms: Also buhr. Etymology: Origin uncertain: possibly identical with bur n., being so called from its roughness. 1. a. Siliceous rock capable of being employed for millstones. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > rock > metamorphic rock > [noun] > burr burr-stone1690 burr1721 1721 C. King Brit. Merchant I. 288 Burrs for Mill-Stones. 1834 Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 25 233 Millstones equal to the best French buhrs. 1857 Trans. Illinois State Agric. Soc. 1856–7 2 360 Edgar's mill..was for the time, a fine flouring mill, with French buhrs. 1880 R. Jefferies Round about Great Estate 168 The French burrs..come over in fragments. b. A whetstone. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > shaping tools or equipment > [noun] > sharpening > whetstone whetstonec725 hone-stone1393 filourc1400 hone1440 rub1502 rubber1553 knife-stone1571 stone1578 oilstone1585 block1592 oil whetstone1601 greenstone1668 scythe-stone1688 water stone1703 sharping-stone1714 Scotch stone1766 honer1780 Turkey hone1794 polishing-slate1801 burr1816 Turkey stone1816 German hone1817 Arkansas1869 rag1877 rock1889 slipstone1927 1816 W. Smith Strata Identified 12 Burs, or scythe stones. 1879 G. F. Jackson Shropshire Word-bk. Bur..a whetstone for scythes. 2. A siliceous boss or rock occurring among calcareous, or other softer, formations; a harder part in any freestone. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > discontinuity or unconformity > [noun] > intrusion > boss boss1605 burr1839 1839 R. I. Murchison Silurian Syst. i. iv. 49 Upright bands of hard sandstone, termed ‘Burrs’, which cut through the strata. 1865 J. T. F. Turner Familiar Descr. Old Delabole Slate Quarries 16 Circular saws..are..unable to cut through ‘burrs’..and other hard places. 3. spec. A term applied by quarrymen in Dorsetshire to a soft sandy limestone, with hard silicified bosses, above the ‘Dirt bed’ in the Lower Purbeck series. Also to a harder sandy limestone chiefly made up of comminuted shells, in the Upper Purbeck beds. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > rock > sedimentary rock > [noun] > limestone > others lias1404 stone marrow1681 stone marl1682 saint's head stone1763 Kentish rag1769 watericle1776 kankar1793 Cotham1816 mountain limestone1817 tosca1818 cornstone1819 burr1829 coral-limestone1831 scar-limestone1831 Wenlock limestone1834 bavin1839 curf1839 Solenhofen slate1841 Beer stone1871 miliolite limestone1872 Clipsham1877 reef limestone1884 Hopton wood1888 thermo-calcite1888 Kilkenny marble1930 micrite1959 1829 T. Webster Observ. Purb. & Portland Beds, Trans. Geol. Soc. 2nd Ser. II Below this is another mass of calcareous stone, considerably softer..it is divided into two by a slaty bed, the upper being called aish, and the lower the soft burr. 1882 Cornhill Mag. 728 Above this we get the soft burr, a lake sediment. 1883 T. Bond Corfe Castle 51 The stone..locally known by the name of Bur, is perhaps the most durable building stone in England. 4. A partly fused mass of brick; a clinker. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > clay compositions > baked clay > brick > [noun] > brick made in specific way semi-brick1601 place brick1621 clinker1659 rubbed brick1663 rubber1744 marl1812 bat1816 burr1823 wire-cut brick1839 place1843 wire-cut1910 rug brick1914 texture brick1940 1823 P. Nicholson New Pract. Builder 344 Burrs or Clinkers are such as are so much over-burnt as to vitrify, and run two or three together. 1842 J. Gwilt Encycl. Archit. ii. ii. 504 Burrs and clinkers are such bricks as have been violently burnt, or masses of several bricks run together in the clamp or kiln. 1864 Daily Tel. 2 June The advisability of sinking brick burrs in different parts of the river. 5. attributive: see burr-stone n. burr millstone (U.S.). ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation of grain > milling or grinding > [noun] > corn-mill > millstone millstoneeOE quernstoneOE grindle stone?c1225 grindstonea1250 dog stonea1399 grinding-stonec1440 runner1533 sheeling-stone1563 metate1625 burr millstone1771 mealing stone1866 1771 G. Washington Writings (1931) III. 63 A pair of French burr millstones. 1829 S. Cumings Western Pilot 23 This..is famous for its quarries of stone; from which are manufactured burr mill stones. 1851 C. Cist Sketches & Statistics Cincinnati 182 James Bradford & Co...manufacture yearly seventy-five pairs burr millstones. 1883 Specif. N.E. Railw. (Alnwick & Cornh. Branch) 58 Price of Dry or Burr Walling. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online December 2021). burrn.⁶ Brit. /bəː/, /bʌr/, U.S. /bər/ Forms: Also burrh. Etymology: apparently imitative of the sound; though probably associated in idea with the roughness of a bur; compare bur n., especially sense 4, bur in the throat. 1. a. A rough sounding of the letter r; spec. the rough uvular trill (= French r grasseyé) characteristic of the county of Northumberland, and found elsewhere as an individual peculiarity.Writers unfamiliar with phonology often confuse the Northumberland burr with the entirely different Scottish r, which is a lingual trill: see quots. 1835, 1873. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > speech sound by manner > [noun] > sonant > liquid > trill > burr wharling1610 rattle1743 wharl1748 burr1760 whurl1797 birr1837 uvula trill1869 1760 S. Foote Minor Introd. 3 An aunt..just come from the north, with the true Newcastle bur in her throat. 1805 R. Forsyth Beauties Scotl. II. 57 From [the Tweed], southward as far as Yorkshire, universally all persons annex a guttural sound to the letter r; a practice which in some places receives the appellation of the Berwick burrh. 1835 W. Irving Abbotsford in Crayon Misc. II. 56 He spoke with a Scottish accent, and with somewhat of the Northumbrian ‘burr’. 1873 J. A. H. Murray Dial. S. Counties Scotl. 86 The northern limits of the burr are very sharply defined, there being no transitional sound between it and the Scotch r. Along the line of the Cheviots, the Scotch r has driven the burr a few miles back, perhaps because many of the farmers and shepherds are of Scotch origin. 1876 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People (1882) i. §3. 25 The rough Northumbrian burr. b. Hence, loosely, A rough or dialectal pronunciation, a peculiarity of utterance. ΚΠ 1849 C. Brontë Shirley I. iv. 66 A Yorkshire burr..was..much better than a Cockney's lisp. 1849 C. Brontë Shirley III. ii. 41 Your accent..has no rugged burr. 1869 A. J. Ellis On Early Eng. Pronunc. I. i. i. 19 Each district has its burr or brogue. 1874 F. W. Farrar Life Christ II. lix. 348 Betrayed by his Galilæan burr. 2. [= birr n.¹ 3.] Whirr, vibratory or rushing noise. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > continuous or protracted sound > vibratory sound > [noun] > whirr whirring1581 hurring1582 whirr1677 burr1818 birr1837 whirra1929 1818 J. Keats Endymion ii. 60 Holding his forehead, to keep off the burr Of smothering fancies. 1825 S. T. Coleridge Lett. xl, in Lett., Conversat., & Recoll. II. 177 Put the whole working hive of my thoughts in a whirl and a bur. 1856 D. M. Mulock John Halifax I. i. 3 The open house-doors..through which came the drowsy burr of many a stocking-loom. 1860 All Year Round 26 May 159 The burr of working wheels and cranks. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online December 2021). burrburn.⁷ Brit. /bəː/, U.S. /bər/ Etymology: < French bourre ‘padding’, also ‘refuse of raw silk’. Compare burl n.¹ 1. A sort of pad for a saddle. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping or management of horses > horse-gear > [noun] > saddle > parts of saddle saddle-boweOE arsonc1300 saddle skirt1361 saddle-tree1364 skirtc1400 saddle panel1465 stock-tree1470 stock1497 pommela1500 tree1535 pillion cloth1540 port1548 saddle stock1548 pilch1552 bolster1591 cantle1591 shank-pilliona1599 pillowc1600 pad1604 crutch1607 sivet1607 saddle crutcha1614 saddle eaves1663 saddle tore1681 burr1688 head1688 narve1688 saddle seat1688 sidebar1688 torea1694 quarter1735 bands of a saddle1753 witherband1764 withers1764 peak1775 pillion-stick1784 boot-housing1792 saddle flap1798 saddle lap1803 fork1833 flap1849 horn1849 skirting1852 hunting-horn1854 head-plate1855 saddle horn1856 cantle bar1859 leaping-horn1859 straining1871 stirrup-bar1875 straining-leather1875 spring tree1877 leaping-head1881 officer-tree1894 monkey1911 monkey-strap1915 thigh roll1963 straining-web- 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 345/1 The French Pad Saddle..the Burs of it come wholly round the seat. 1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique at Saddle Pad Saddle, of which there are Two sorts, some being made with Burrs before the Seat, others with Bolsters under the Thighs. 2. The refuse of raw silk. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > treated or processed textiles > [noun] > silk > waste floss silk1760 burr1798 silk waste1842 strass1858 1798 W. Hutton Life 117 To take out the burs and uneven parts [of a thread of silk]. 1812 J. Smyth Pract. of Customs ii. 185 Waste Silk is what surrounds the cocoon... This Burr is proper to stuff quilts. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online December 2021). burrburn.⁸ Etymology: < Hindi baṛ < Sanskrit vaṭa. The Banyan-tree ( Ficus indica); also attributive. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > non-British trees or shrubs > Asian trees or shrubs > [noun] > banyan tree Indian fig1382 Indian fig tree1594 banian-tree1638 war1687 peepul tree1783 burr1813 Brahminy fig tree1814 bo tree1820 bodhi tree1838 pagoda tree1876 waringin1889 the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular fruit-tree or -plant > [adjective] > of fig-tree or leaves fig treea1340 fig-leaved1710 burr1813 1813 J. Forbes Oriental Mem. III. xxviii. 14 A sacred burr, or pipal-tree. a1843 R. Southey Common-place Bk. (1849) 2nd Ser. 407/2 A remarkable banian or burr tree. 1844 J. H. Stocqueler Hand-bk. India 271 The bur, the largest of trees. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online September 2018). † burrv.¹ Etymology: < burr n.¹ Obsolete. rare. intransitive. To spread out like a burr round the moon. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > luminous appearance > [verb (intransitive)] > spread out like an aureole burr1660 1660 H. More Explan. Grand Myst. Godliness iii. vi. 71 The Rayes of things, burring out from all Bodies that act at a distance. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online June 2021). burrv.² Brit. /bəː/, U.S. /bər/ Etymology: < burr n.¹ 3. transitive. To fashion into a burr or rivet-head. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > manufacturing processes > making tools, equipment, or fastenings > make tools, equipment, or fastenings [verb (transitive)] > processes in making screws tap1815 screw1833 strip1873 burr1880 1880 Times 27 Dec. 9/4 A tool having a screw and triple clip, which grasps the gas check and burrs it over a projection at the base of the shell. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online December 2021). burrv.³ Etymology: < burr n.⁶ 1. intransitive. To pronounce a strong uvular r (instead of a trilled r), as is done in Northumberland. Also, loosely, to speak with a rough articulation; to speak inarticulately or indistinctly, to utter the syllable burr or something like it. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > speech sound by manner > [verb (intransitive)] > burr wharl1634 burr1798 1798 W. Wordsworth Idiot Boy in W. Wordsworth & S. T. Coleridge Lyrical Ballads 156 Burr, burr—now Johnny's lips they burr, As loud as any mill, or near it. 1816 Monthly Mag. 41 527 There let them burr and oy. a1871 T. Carlyle Reminisc. (1881) II. 126 He..burred with his r. 2. transitive. To pronounce (r) with a ‘burr’ (or, loosely, with a trill). ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > speech sound by manner > [verb (transitive)] > trill > burr burr1868 1868 H. Kingsley Mathilde II. 268 There were plenty of r's in it, and he burred them. 1888 N.E.D. at Burr Mod. You cannot speak French like a Parisian, until you have learnt to burr your r's. 3. intransitive. To make a whirring noise. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > continuous or protracted sound > vibratory sound > [verb (intransitive)] > whirr whirra1400 birra1522 skirr1567 brill1688 burr1838 1838 J. J. Audubon Ornithol. Biogr. IV. 555 We..saw the males [sc. humming birds] in numbers, darting, burring, and squeaking. 1886 E. Hodder Life Earl Shaftesbury I. iii. 139 Amidst the burring din of machinery. 1946 K. Tennant Lost Haven (1947) xviii. 295 She hated moths. Let it stay there burring and fluttering. 1959 G. Usher Death in Bag xvi. 167 The telephone clacked and burred at length. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online September 2018). burrv.⁴ Brit. /bəː/, U.S. /bər/ Etymology: < burr n.⁴ 2. a. intransitive. To use a burr. b. transitive. To excavate (a tooth) with a burr. Derivatives ˈburring n. (attributive) as burring-engine a dentist's machine for driving a burr-drill, etc.; burring tool (see burr n.⁴ 2b). ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > dentistry > [noun] > dentists' drills > part of burring1875 handpiece1889 1875 Dental Cosmos 17 510 With the burring-engine I ground off enough of the cusp. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1933; most recently modified version published online December 2021). > see also also refers to : burburrn. < n.¹c1440n.²1573n.³1573n.⁴1611n.⁵1721n.⁶1760n.⁷1688n.⁸1813v.¹1660v.²1880v.³1798v.⁴1875 see also
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Derivatives

> see also

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