vertebrateadj.n.

Brit.

/ˈvəːtᵻbrət/,

/ˈvəːtᵻbreɪt/, U.S.

/ˈvərdəbrət/,

/ˈvərdəˌbreɪt/

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin vertebrātus.

Etymology: < classical Latin vertebrātus jointed, articulated (Pliny) < vertebra vertebra n. + -ātus -ate suffix². Compare French vertébré , adjective and noun (1800). With use as noun compare slightly earlier Vertebrata n. and also invertebrate n.

A. adj.

1. Zoology.

a. Of an animal: belonging to the subphylum Vertebrata; having a backbone or spinal column. Also: relating to or comprising such animals.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > vertebrates > [adjective]

vertebral1815

vertebrate1824

vertebrated1828

intravertebrated1855

intravertebrate1887

the world > animals > animal body > general parts > constituent materials > [adjective] > vertebrate

vertebral1815

vertebrate1824

vertebrated1828

myelencephalous1846

backboned1860

1824 Monthly Rev. 104 493 In the clay itself were discovered..osseous relics of a vertebrate animal, appertaining to the family of crocodiles.

a1836 Encycl. Metrop. (1845) VII. 292 The passive motive Organs or Skeleton of the Vertebrate Series of Animals.

1854 H. Miller Schools & Schoolmasters (1860) xxi. 229/1 The second age of vertebrate existence on our planet.

1881 Nature 11 Aug. 337/1 The highest of them, called the vertebrate sub-kingdom..comprises ourselves, with all beasts, birds, reptiles, efts, frogs and toads, and fishes.

1909 Geogr. Jrnl. 34 296 The author..accepts the pterobranchs as primitive relations of the ancestors of the vertebrate animals.

1946 Q. Jrnl. Geol. Soc. 101 207 It is considered that for the most part the Downtonian and Dittonian vertebrate faunas were not autochthonous, but were of freshwater origin.

1985 Cambr. Encycl. Life Sci. ii. 86/1 Vertebrate carnivores often capture and swallow prey whole.

2006 D. H. Erwin Extinction ix. 234 Early Triassic vertebrate assemblages had few species and showed none of the increase in diversity seen after earlier Permian biotic turnovers.

b. Of a body part, organ, etc.: belonging to or characteristic of animals of the subphylum Vertebrata. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > vertebrates > [adjective] > relating to vertebrates

vertebrate1834

the world > animals > animal body > general parts > constituent materials > [adjective] > vertebrate > relating to vertebrates

vertebrate1834

1834 Lancet 12 July 545/1 This first vertebrate condition of the nervous system, met with in the lowest fishes.., presents the embryo form of that system in man.

1848 R. Owen (title) On the archetype and homologies of the vertebrate skeleton.

1872 W. Minto Man. Eng. Prose Lit. i. iii. 201 A vertebrate skeleton of the work.

1883 Encycl. Brit. XVI. 663/2 In the vertebrate eye, the filaments of the optic nerve penetrate the retina.

1905 Jrnl. Anat. & Physiol. 39 233 We cannot but believe that the primitive vertebrate brain was divided into encephalomeres.

1940 G. S. Carter Gen. Zool. Invertebr. xiii. 251 In vertebrate blood there is an enzyme, carbonic anhydrase, which greatly increases the speed of the conversion of HCO₃⁻ to CO₂ by catalysis.

1988 Nature 8 Dec. 518/1 It was a reminder of the complexity of the inner plexiform layer of the vertebrate retina.

2002 S. J. Gould Struct. Evolutionary Theory x. 1092 The distinctive features of the vertebrate skull and forebrain seem to arise..under the formative influence of the distinctive neural crest.

2. Botany. Of a leaf or leaflet: having the margin incised at intervals as far as the midrib. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > leaf > [adjective] > having articulations

vertebrate1832

1832 J. Lindley Introd. Bot. 390 Vertebrate,..when the leaf is contracted at intervals, there being an articulation at each contraction; as in Cussonia spicata.

2002 E. Schmidt et al. Trees & Shrubs Mpumalanga & Kruger Nat. Park 484 (table) Leaflet margin incised to midrib, not lobed (vertebrate).

3. figurative.

a. Of a person: capable of connected reasoning. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of ideation > idea, notion, or concept > [adjective] > connecting

associating1646

vertebrate1878

1878 O. W. Holmes John Lothrop Motley: Mem. xix. 152 The archivists and annalists will pile up facts..until the vertebrate historian comes with his generalizing ideas.

1929 I. Edman Adam, Baby & Man from Mars 136 They have both failed to see in art that which has made the most profound and vertebrate of thinkers, from the Greeks down, find in it the type and pattern of civilized achievement.

b. Of narrative, reasoning, etc.: connectedly assembled; coherent; consistent. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > vigour or force > [adjective]

sensiblea1393

eloquent1393

rhetoricc1450

mightya1500

pithy1529

grave1541

pithful1548

weighty1560

sappy1563

emphatical1567

fasta1568

thwacking1567

forceful1571

enforceable1589

energetical1596

eloquious1599

sinewy1600

emphatic1602

sinewed1604

strong1604

tonitruous1606

nervose1645

nervous1663

energetic1674

energic1683

strong1685

cogent1718

lapidary1724

forcible1726

authoritative1749

terse1777

telling1819

vigorous1821

sturdy1822

tonitruant1861

meaty1874

vertebrate1882

energized1887

jawy1898

heavy1970

1882 Gosse in Grosart Spenser III. p. xlvi Ramsay's Gentle Shepherd..remains the most vertebrate and interesting bucolic drama produced in Great Britain.

1884 Athenæum 15 Nov. 635/2 The new comedy..is more than a little lachrymose and is scarcely vertebrate.

1900 Sat. Rev. 24 Mar. 367 We have the right..to expect something more vertebrate, if he is to take place in literature.

c1994 R. Swigg C. Tomlinson 88 By accepting the flat, impoverished facts, Williams has the basis on which to extricate..a vertebrate sense of fact and desire.

B. n.

An animal of the subphylum Vertebrata; a vertebrate animal.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > vertebrates > [noun]

Vertebrata1822

vertebrate1826

vertebral1828

1826 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. IV. xlv. 240 The antennæ of insects are analogous to ears in Vertebrates.

1840 E. Blyth et al. Cuvier's Animal Kingdom 33 The general plan of their organization is not so uniform..as that of the vertebrates.

1870 F. C. Bowen Logic vi. 155 Some wingless animals are not vertebrates.

1897 Amer. Naturalist 31 938 Certain anatomical characteristics of the Vertebrates... The general arrangement of the mesoderm, the pronephric duct, and the head.

1924 Times 29 Sept. 7/3 Can the eye of a vertebrate be transplanted from one animal to another and become an effective organ of vision?

1960 D. C. Braungart & R. Buddeke Introd. Animal Biol. (ed. 5) xvi. 230 The blood of a vertebrate is red in color.

1988 J. C. Bell et al. Zoonoses p. ix We defined a zoonosis as ‘an infectious disease naturally transmissible between vertebrates and man’.

2006 Nature 27 Apr. p. xiii This discovery suggests that gill pouches were present in the last common ancestor of all vertebrates, and were later lost in jawed vertebrates.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	vertebrate
释义	vertebrateadj.n. Brit. /ˈvəːtᵻbrət/, /ˈvəːtᵻbreɪt/, U.S. /ˈvərdəbrət/, /ˈvərdəˌbreɪt/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin vertebrātus. Etymology: < classical Latin vertebrātus jointed, articulated (Pliny) < vertebra vertebra n. + -ātus -ate suffix². Compare French vertébré , adjective and noun (1800). With use as noun compare slightly earlier Vertebrata n. and also invertebrate n. A. adj. 1. Zoology. a. Of an animal: belonging to the subphylum Vertebrata; having a backbone or spinal column. Also: relating to or comprising such animals. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > vertebrates > [adjective] vertebral1815 vertebrate1824 vertebrated1828 intravertebrated1855 intravertebrate1887 the world > animals > animal body > general parts > constituent materials > [adjective] > vertebrate vertebral1815 vertebrate1824 vertebrated1828 myelencephalous1846 backboned1860 1824 Monthly Rev. 104 493 In the clay itself were discovered..osseous relics of a vertebrate animal, appertaining to the family of crocodiles. a1836 Encycl. Metrop. (1845) VII. 292 The passive motive Organs or Skeleton of the Vertebrate Series of Animals. 1854 H. Miller Schools & Schoolmasters (1860) xxi. 229/1 The second age of vertebrate existence on our planet. 1881 Nature 11 Aug. 337/1 The highest of them, called the vertebrate sub-kingdom..comprises ourselves, with all beasts, birds, reptiles, efts, frogs and toads, and fishes. 1909 Geogr. Jrnl. 34 296 The author..accepts the pterobranchs as primitive relations of the ancestors of the vertebrate animals. 1946 Q. Jrnl. Geol. Soc. 101 207 It is considered that for the most part the Downtonian and Dittonian vertebrate faunas were not autochthonous, but were of freshwater origin. 1985 Cambr. Encycl. Life Sci. ii. 86/1 Vertebrate carnivores often capture and swallow prey whole. 2006 D. H. Erwin Extinction ix. 234 Early Triassic vertebrate assemblages had few species and showed none of the increase in diversity seen after earlier Permian biotic turnovers. b. Of a body part, organ, etc.: belonging to or characteristic of animals of the subphylum Vertebrata. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > vertebrates > [adjective] > relating to vertebrates vertebrate1834 the world > animals > animal body > general parts > constituent materials > [adjective] > vertebrate > relating to vertebrates vertebrate1834 1834 Lancet 12 July 545/1 This first vertebrate condition of the nervous system, met with in the lowest fishes.., presents the embryo form of that system in man. 1848 R. Owen (title) On the archetype and homologies of the vertebrate skeleton. 1872 W. Minto Man. Eng. Prose Lit. i. iii. 201 A vertebrate skeleton of the work. 1883 Encycl. Brit. XVI. 663/2 In the vertebrate eye, the filaments of the optic nerve penetrate the retina. 1905 Jrnl. Anat. & Physiol. 39 233 We cannot but believe that the primitive vertebrate brain was divided into encephalomeres. 1940 G. S. Carter Gen. Zool. Invertebr. xiii. 251 In vertebrate blood there is an enzyme, carbonic anhydrase, which greatly increases the speed of the conversion of HCO₃⁻ to CO₂ by catalysis. 1988 Nature 8 Dec. 518/1 It was a reminder of the complexity of the inner plexiform layer of the vertebrate retina. 2002 S. J. Gould Struct. Evolutionary Theory x. 1092 The distinctive features of the vertebrate skull and forebrain seem to arise..under the formative influence of the distinctive neural crest. 2. Botany. Of a leaf or leaflet: having the margin incised at intervals as far as the midrib. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > leaf > [adjective] > having articulations vertebrate1832 1832 J. Lindley Introd. Bot. 390 Vertebrate,..when the leaf is contracted at intervals, there being an articulation at each contraction; as in Cussonia spicata. 2002 E. Schmidt et al. Trees & Shrubs Mpumalanga & Kruger Nat. Park 484 (table) Leaflet margin incised to midrib, not lobed (vertebrate). 3. figurative. a. Of a person: capable of connected reasoning. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of ideation > idea, notion, or concept > [adjective] > connecting associating1646 vertebrate1878 1878 O. W. Holmes John Lothrop Motley: Mem. xix. 152 The archivists and annalists will pile up facts..until the vertebrate historian comes with his generalizing ideas. 1929 I. Edman Adam, Baby & Man from Mars 136 They have both failed to see in art that which has made the most profound and vertebrate of thinkers, from the Greeks down, find in it the type and pattern of civilized achievement. b. Of narrative, reasoning, etc.: connectedly assembled; coherent; consistent. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > vigour or force > [adjective] sensiblea1393 eloquent1393 rhetoricc1450 mightya1500 pithy1529 grave1541 pithful1548 weighty1560 sappy1563 emphatical1567 fasta1568 thwacking1567 forceful1571 enforceable1589 energetical1596 eloquious1599 sinewy1600 emphatic1602 sinewed1604 strong1604 tonitruous1606 nervose1645 nervous1663 energetic1674 energic1683 strong1685 cogent1718 lapidary1724 forcible1726 authoritative1749 terse1777 telling1819 vigorous1821 sturdy1822 tonitruant1861 meaty1874 vertebrate1882 energized1887 jawy1898 heavy1970 1882 Gosse in Grosart Spenser III. p. xlvi Ramsay's Gentle Shepherd..remains the most vertebrate and interesting bucolic drama produced in Great Britain. 1884 Athenæum 15 Nov. 635/2 The new comedy..is more than a little lachrymose and is scarcely vertebrate. 1900 Sat. Rev. 24 Mar. 367 We have the right..to expect something more vertebrate, if he is to take place in literature. c1994 R. Swigg C. Tomlinson 88 By accepting the flat, impoverished facts, Williams has the basis on which to extricate..a vertebrate sense of fact and desire. B. n. An animal of the subphylum Vertebrata; a vertebrate animal. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > vertebrates > [noun] Vertebrata1822 vertebrate1826 vertebral1828 1826 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. IV. xlv. 240 The antennæ of insects are analogous to ears in Vertebrates. 1840 E. Blyth et al. Cuvier's Animal Kingdom 33 The general plan of their organization is not so uniform..as that of the vertebrates. 1870 F. C. Bowen Logic vi. 155 Some wingless animals are not vertebrates. 1897 Amer. Naturalist 31 938 Certain anatomical characteristics of the Vertebrates... The general arrangement of the mesoderm, the pronephric duct, and the head. 1924 Times 29 Sept. 7/3 Can the eye of a vertebrate be transplanted from one animal to another and become an effective organ of vision? 1960 D. C. Braungart & R. Buddeke Introd. Animal Biol. (ed. 5) xvi. 230 The blood of a vertebrate is red in color. 1988 J. C. Bell et al. Zoonoses p. ix We defined a zoonosis as ‘an infectious disease naturally transmissible between vertebrates and man’. 2006 Nature 27 Apr. p. xiii This discovery suggests that gill pouches were present in the last common ancestor of all vertebrates, and were later lost in jawed vertebrates. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online December 2021). ˈvertebratev. Etymology: < vertebrate adj. trans. To connect or join after the manner of vertebræ. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fact or action of being joined or joining > join (together) [verb (transitive)] > furnish with joints > connect with joints joint1547 articulate1615 inarticulate1713 vertebrate1891 1891 in Cent. Dict. 1894 R. D. Blackmore Perlycross I. xvi. 240 As like each other as three peas vertebrated in one pod. 1910 Q. Rev. Jan. 69 They [sc. satires] were written in rough dialect and vertebrated with peasant phrases and peasant wit. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1917; most recently modified version published online June 2012). < adj.n.1824v.1891
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vertebrateadj.n.

ˈvertebratev.