vernacularadj.n.

Brit.

/vəˈnakjᵿlə/, U.S.

/vərˈnækjələr/

Forms: Also 1600s vernaculer.

Etymology: < Latin vernāculus domestic, native, indigenous (hence Italian vernacolo, Portuguese vernaculo), < verna a home-born slave, a native. The Latin adjective occurs in a large variety of applications; the restricted use common in English is represented by vernacula vocabula in Varro.

A. adj.

1. That writes, uses, or speaks the native or indigenous language of a country or district.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > a language > [adjective] > native or vernacular > that writes or speaks the native language

vernacular1601

vernaculous1658

1601 Bp. W. Barlow Def. Protestants Relig. 2 A vernaculer pen-man..hauing translated them into English.

1715 M. Davies Εἰκων Μικρο-βιβλικὴ 77 The Office of the Virgin Mary..is Translated also in most Languages for the Use of the Vernacular Romanists.

1716 M. Davies Diss. Physick 38 in Athenæ Britannicæ III The Learned vernacular Editor of Hippocrates's Works in French, Mr. Dacier.

1819 W. Taylor in Monthly Mag. 47 30 The vernacular public remained unmoved, and gazed at the labours of authorship, as Londoners at the opera.

1869 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (1875) III. xii. 145 The vernacular poet more kindly helps us to the real names.

a. Of a language or dialect: That is naturally spoken by the people of a particular country or district; native, indigenous.Usually applied to the native speech of a populace, in contrast to another or others acquired for commercial, social, or educative purposes; now frequently employed with reference to that of the working classes or the peasantry.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > a language > [adjective] > native or vernacular

kinda1325

maternal1481

vulgara1513

motherly1598

natural1617

vernacular1647

vernaculary1652

vernaculous1658

vernacule1669

1647 J. Howell New Vol. of Lett. 149 This [sc. Welsh] is one of the fourteen vernacular and independent tongues of Europe.

1699 R. Bentley Diss. Epist. Phalaris (new ed.) 316 Being Dorians born, [they] repudiated their vernacular Idiom for that of the Athenians.

1715 M. Davies Εἰκων Μικρο-βιβλικὴ Pref. 35 They don't understand their Breviaries and Mass-Books, not..when translated and expounded in their respective vernacular Tongues.

1832 G. Downes Lett. from Continental Countries I. 197 The congregation here being chiefly peasants, and artisans, a sermon was delivered in the vernacular dialect.

1858 W. E. Gladstone Stud. Homer II. ii. 50 When the Chaldee tongue became the vernacular, and the old Hebrew disappeared from common use.

1874 H. R. Reynolds John the Baptist v. §3. 338 There were ‘voices’..which expressed in some vernacular idiom of Hebrew or Greek the thoughts of the Almighty.

in extended use.1778 T. Warton Hist. Eng. Poetry II. 50 They much improved the vernacular style by the use of this exotic phraseology.1785 European Mag. 8 467 Several passages are modulations on the vernacular airs of Otaheite.1850 Ecclesiologist 11 176 Even Rome, then, cannot consistently blame words to the vernacular Gregorian melodies.

b. In predicative use. Also with prepositions.

ΚΠ

1808 S. Smith Wks. (1859) I. 103/2 The Scriptures translated into the Tamulic language, which is vernacular in the southern parts of the peninsula.

1835 T. B. Macaulay in G. O. Trevelyan Competition Wallah (1866) 321 The intellectual improvement of those classes..can at present be effected only by means of some language not vernacular amongst them.

1856 H. B. Stowe Dred II. xxxii. 323 He commenced a speech in that peculiar slang dialect which was vernacular with them.

1870 R. Anderson Hist. Missions Amer. Board III. iv. 52 The Arab-speaking race..must receive the gospel mainly from those to whom the language is vernacular.

c. Coupled with the name of the language.

ΚΠ

1775 T. Warton Hist Eng. Poetry (1870) 61 The vernacular English, as I have..remarked, was rough and unpolished.

1842 R. H. Barham Lay St. Aloys in Ingoldsby Legends 2nd Ser. 242 The ‘Requiem’ was sung; Not vernacular French, but a classical tongue.

1864 G. W. Dasent Jest & Earnest (1873) II. 10 The vernacular Anglo-Saxon before the Conquest was undergoing that change which all languages suffer.

1883 J. A. Froude in Contemp. Rev. 44 18 He [Luther] began to translate the Bible into clear vernacular German.

a. Of literary works, etc.: Written or spoken in, translated into, the native language of a particular country or people.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > a language > [adjective] > native or vernacular > written or spoken in

vulgar1513

vernacular1661

1661 J. Glanvill Vanity of Dogmatizing 156 Though, in Greek or Latine, they amuse us, yet a vernacular translation unmasks them.

1716 M. Davies Diss. Physick 20 in Athenæ Britannicæ III Dr. Harvey's Family-Physician, and most of Will. Salmon's Books, with other such like Vernacular Pharmacy.

1789 R. Hurd in W. Warburton Tracts 170 Long vernacular Sermons from Dr. Parr.

1841 I. D'Israeli Amenities Lit. I. Pref. p. v A history of our vernacular literature has occupied my studies for many years.

1868 J. H. Blunt Reformation Church of Eng. I. 495 Vernacular prayer-books had, indeed, been long known in England.

1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People i. §5. 49 The Chronicle..remains the first vernacular history of any Teutonic people.

b. Performed in the native language.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > a language > [adjective] > native or vernacular > written or spoken in > performed in

vernacular1874

1874 A. Somerville Lect. Missions xiii. 243 A paper which he read on Vernacular Preaching at the Ootacamund Missionary Conference.

a. Of words, etc.: Of or pertaining to, forming part of, the native language.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > a language > [adjective] > native or vernacular > forming part of the native language

vernacular1716

1716 M. Davies Athenæ Britannicæ II. 174 This Ralph is call'd also Roger, the Latin name, Ranulphus, being possibly capable of both those Vernacular Appropriations.

1729 A. Pope Dunciad (new ed.) i. 1 (note) Which being a French and foreign Termination, is no way proper to a word entirely English, and Vernacular.

1788 V. Knox Winter Evenings (1790) II. xxii. 193 Brown..preferred polysyllabic expressions derived from the language of ancient Rome, to his vernacular vocabulary.

1816 W. Scott Old Mortality Peroration, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. IV. 346 O, ignorance! as if the vernacular article of our mother English were capable of declension!

1848 ‘L. Mariotti’ Italy Past & Present I. ii. 146 Low-born vernacular idioms were handed down to posterity as the poet's creation.

1866 J. Bryce Holy Rom. Empire (new ed.) xv. 283 Whose official style of Augustus, as well as the vernacular name of ‘Kaiser’ [etc.].

b. Native or natural to a particular language.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > a language > [adjective] > native or vernacular > forming part of the native language > native to a particular language

vernacular1844

1844 Proc. Philol. Soc. 1 176 The finding an isolated term in an Anglo-Saxon or German vocabulary by no means proves it to be vernacular to that language.

5. Connected or concerned with the native language.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > a language > [adjective] > native or vernacular > concerned with the native language

vernacular1844

mother tongue1912

1844 J. H. Stocqueler Hand-bk. India 439 The southern side of the building is appropriated to the vernacular department, and the northern to the English.

1883 R. B. Smith Life Ld. Lawrence II. 535 Efforts were made to extend vernacular education.

6. Of arts, or features of these: Native or peculiar to a particular country or locality. spec. in vernacular architecture, architecture concerned with ordinary domestic and functional buildings rather than the essentially monumental.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > style of architecture > [noun] > other styles

transition1730

pasticcio1750

symmetrophobia1809

rococo1835

flamboyantism1846

collegiate Gothic1851

vernacular architecture1857

Neo-Grec1867

modernism1879

wedding-cake1879

Queen Anne1883

Colonial Revival1889

Chicago school1893

Dutch colonial1894

English colonial1894

monumentalism1897

vernacular1910

international style1911

Churrigueresque1913

postmodernism1914

prairie style1914

rationalism1918

lavatory style1919

functionalism1924

Mudéjar1927

façadism1933

open plan1938

Wrenaissance1942

pseudo1945

brutalism1953

open planning1958

neo-Liberty1959

Queen Annery1966

Jugendstil1967

moderne1968

strip architecture1976

high-tech1978

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > style of architecture > [adjective] > other styles

florida1706

massive1723

rounded1757

round-arched1782

castellar1789

baronial1807

rational1813

English colonial1817

massy1817

transitional1817

Scottish Baronial1829

rococo1830

flamboyant1832

Scotch Baronial1833

Churrigueresque1845

Russo-Byzantine1845

soaring1849

trenchant1849

vernacular1857

Scots Baronial1864

baroque1867

Perp.1867

rayonnant1873

Dutch colonial1876

Neo-Grec1878

rococoesque1885

Richardsonian1887

federal1894

organic1896

confectionery1897

European-style1907

postmodern1916

Lutyens1921

modern1927

moderne1928

functionalist1930

Williamsburg1931

Colonial Revival1934

packing case1935

Corbusian1936

lavatorial1936

pseudish1938

Adamesque1942

rationalist1952

Miesian1956

open-planned1958

Lutyensesque1961

façade1962

Odeon1964

high-tech1979

Populuxe1986

1857 G. G. Scott Remarks Secular & Domest. Archit. p. ix I want to call attention to the meanness of our vernacular architecture, and to the very partial success which has hitherto attended the attempts at its improvement.

1857 G. G. Scott Remarks Secular & Domest. Archit. 6 Look at the vernacular cottage-building of the day.

a1878 G. G. Scott Lect. Mediæval Archit. (1879) II. 315 The revived knowledge of the architecture of Greece rudely disturbed the vernacular style derived from Rome.

1893 Harper's Weekly 21 Oct. 1011/2 The theatre is a big, rather bare room, apparently of vernacular Javanese construction.

1939 Country Life 11 Feb. 154/2 It is as delightful an example as one could find of Georgian vernacular architecture.

1976 G. Moffat Short Time to Live xi. 115 ‘What's brought you to Sandale?’.. ‘Vernacular architecture, sir... Interiors too: spice cupboards, stone stairways, spinning galleries.’

1977 Dædalus Summer 3 The studies of so-called vernacular architecture (like barns) no longer seem eccentric in an atmosphere in which architecture can be defined not in terms of monuments but as any changes at all that man makes in his environment.

†7. Of diseases: Characteristic of, occurring in, a particular country or district; endemic. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > types > [adjective] > endemic

gentilitious1657

vernacular1666

1666 G. Harvey Morbus Anglicus i. 2 Which instances do evidently bring a Consumption under the notion of a Pandemick, or Endemick, or rather a Vernacular Disease to England.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) Diseases which reign most in any particular Nation, Province, or District, are called Vernacular Diseases.

8. Of a slave: That is born on his master's estate; home-born. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > slavery or bondage > [adjective] > enslaved or in bondage > born into slavery

native?c1425

slave-borna1586

vernaculous1656

vernacular1804

1804 Ann. Rev. & Hist. Lit. 1803 2 326 A disposition to use kindly, and to emancipate frequently, the vernacular slave.

9. Personal, private.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > quality of being special or restricted in application > [adjective] > relating to a person in his individual capacity > personal or private

singularc1340

personala1387

partial?a1439

familiar1569

domestical1586

home1650

domestic1707

vernacular1840

intime1857

intimate1884

1840 G. S. Faber Primitive Doctr. Regeneration 38 I was favouring my evil propensities, as if they were specially my own vernacular property.

B. n.

a. The native speech or language of a particular country or district (see A. 2); also, the informal, colloquial, or distinctive speech of a people or a group. Cf. sense B. 1b.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > a language > [noun] > native language

lede-quidec1275

birth tonguea1387

mother languagea1425

mother tongue?a1425

vulgar1430

mother's languagec1443

mother's tongue1517

natural language1570

commona1616

natural1665

vernaculara1706

native1824

home language1833

first language1875

Umgangssprache1934

mameloshen1968

the mind > language > a language > dialect > [noun]

dialect1566

idiom1593

subdialect1642

sublanguage1749

talka1788

vernacular1925

sublanguage1940

a1706 J. Evelyn Hist. Relig. (1850) I. vii. 427 It is written in the Chaldæo-Syriac, which was..the vernacular of our Lord.

1840 R. H. Barham Ingoldsby Legends 1st Ser. Pref. p. iv Mr. Maguire,..in his account of the late Coronation, retains his own rich vernacular.

1864 J. H. Burton Scot Abroad II. i. 94 Even within the native stronghold of the Dutch vernacular.

1874 A. H. Sayce Princ. Compar. Philol. v. 179 A child can learn as readily the vernacular of Canton as the language of London.

1925 F. N. Scott in McNaught's Monthly Mag. May 144 (heading) English and American vernacular.

1930 G. B. Shaw Admirable Bashville 89 With the advent of compulsory education sixty years ago,..newspapers and plays alike soon came to be written by illiterate masters of the vernacular.

1984 Gainesville (Florida) Sun 28 Mar. 7 b/2 Observe feminist vernacular: Call it a ‘personhole cover’.

in extended use.1807 W. Taylor in Ann. Rev. 5 575 By neglecting the vernacular in idea, he has missed in part the advantage of home praise and hereditary sympathy.

b. Frequently in in the vernacular. Cf. sense B. 1a.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > a language > register > [adverb] > colloquially

vulgarlyc1374

familiarly1757

colloquially1791

in the vernacular1815

1815 J. C. Hobhouse Substance Lett. (1816) I. 176 The court confessor in his sermon at St. Denis..took the opportunity of what is called in the vernacular preaching at the Duke of Orleans.

1856 G. W. Dasent Jest & Earnest (1873) I. 337 The performance of the services of religion in Latin, and no longer as of old in the vernacular.

1888 A. Jessopp Coming of Friars i. 37 Of the five..no one of them was qualified as yet to preach in the vernacular.

1975 L. Gillen Return to Deepwater iv. 62 In the vernacular,..I couldn't care less what you do.

c. Without article. (Cf. B. 2.)

ΚΠ

1857 T. Hughes Tom Brown's School Days i. i. 19 Repeating in true sing-song vernacular the legend of St. George and his fight.

1882 B. D. W. Ramsay Recoll. Mil. Serv. I. i. 25 The fair songstress opened upon me such a volley of choice Tuscan vernacular, that I fairly fled.

2. With a and plural. A native or indigenous language.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > a language > [noun] > native language > a native language

vernacular1715

1715 M. Davies Εἰκων Μικρο-βιβλικὴ 325 Charles the Fifth, King of France, order'd the Bible to be translated..in the Picardian and Norman Vernaculars.

1744 R. North & M. North Life Sir D. North & Rev. J. North 255 Latin, and the Vernaculars Westward,..carry nearly the same Idiom.

1850 ‘S. Yendys’ Roman vii. 100 The wayfarer Of many lands is not responsible For each vernacular.

1882 Athenæum 4 Mar. 280 Some of the peoples and tribes whose vernaculars that class comprises.

1892 Times 24 Dec. 3/1 Spain, destined to be for long the most active enemy of the circulation of the Scriptures in modern vernaculars.

3. transferred. The phraseology or idiom of a particular profession, trade, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > a language > register > [noun] > jargon

language1502

term of art1570

fustiana1593

jargoning1623

jargon1651

speciality1657

lingo1659

cant1684

linguaa1734

patois1790

slang1801

shibboleth1829

glim-glibber1844

argot1860

gammy1864

patter1875

stagese1876

vernacular1876

palaver1909

babble1930

buzzword1946

in word1964

rabbit1976

1876 P. G. Tait Lect. Recent Adv. in Physical Sci. vi. 151 To use the vernacular of engineers.

1891 Cent. Mag. May 128/2 On the bar we found friends that we had made in Panama, who had preceded us a few days, long enough to speak the vernacular of mining.

4. A vernacular style of building. Cf. sense A. 6 above.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > style of architecture > [noun] > other styles

transition1730

pasticcio1750

symmetrophobia1809

rococo1835

flamboyantism1846

collegiate Gothic1851

vernacular architecture1857

Neo-Grec1867

modernism1879

wedding-cake1879

Queen Anne1883

Colonial Revival1889

Chicago school1893

Dutch colonial1894

English colonial1894

monumentalism1897

vernacular1910

international style1911

Churrigueresque1913

postmodernism1914

prairie style1914

rationalism1918

lavatory style1919

functionalism1924

Mudéjar1927

façadism1933

open plan1938

Wrenaissance1942

pseudo1945

brutalism1953

open planning1958

neo-Liberty1959

Queen Annery1966

Jugendstil1967

moderne1968

strip architecture1976

high-tech1978

1910 Encycl. Brit. II. 436/1 The culture of the ‘Queen Anne’ type of architecture..presented a simple vernacular of construction and detail.

1967 Listener 7 Sept. 292/3 What was normally North American about these houses..was their general internal planning..an open-plan vernacular that still works well today.

1977 M. Girouard Sweetness & Light ii. 25 They came back to London to design buildings in which Gothic merged into farmhouse vernacular.

Derivatives

verˈnacularness n. rare Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

ΚΠ

1727 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. II Vernacularness, Properness, or Peculiarness to one's own Country.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1917; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	vernacular
释义	vernacularadj.n. Brit. /vəˈnakjᵿlə/, U.S. /vərˈnækjələr/ Forms: Also 1600s vernaculer. Etymology: < Latin vernāculus domestic, native, indigenous (hence Italian vernacolo, Portuguese vernaculo), < verna a home-born slave, a native. The Latin adjective occurs in a large variety of applications; the restricted use common in English is represented by vernacula vocabula in Varro. A. adj. 1. That writes, uses, or speaks the native or indigenous language of a country or district. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > a language > [adjective] > native or vernacular > that writes or speaks the native language vernacular1601 vernaculous1658 1601 Bp. W. Barlow Def. Protestants Relig. 2 A vernaculer pen-man..hauing translated them into English. 1715 M. Davies Εἰκων Μικρο-βιβλικὴ 77 The Office of the Virgin Mary..is Translated also in most Languages for the Use of the Vernacular Romanists. 1716 M. Davies Diss. Physick 38 in Athenæ Britannicæ III The Learned vernacular Editor of Hippocrates's Works in French, Mr. Dacier. 1819 W. Taylor in Monthly Mag. 47 30 The vernacular public remained unmoved, and gazed at the labours of authorship, as Londoners at the opera. 1869 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (1875) III. xii. 145 The vernacular poet more kindly helps us to the real names. 2. a. Of a language or dialect: That is naturally spoken by the people of a particular country or district; native, indigenous.Usually applied to the native speech of a populace, in contrast to another or others acquired for commercial, social, or educative purposes; now frequently employed with reference to that of the working classes or the peasantry. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > a language > [adjective] > native or vernacular kinda1325 maternal1481 vulgara1513 motherly1598 natural1617 vernacular1647 vernaculary1652 vernaculous1658 vernacule1669 1647 J. Howell New Vol. of Lett. 149 This [sc. Welsh] is one of the fourteen vernacular and independent tongues of Europe. 1699 R. Bentley Diss. Epist. Phalaris (new ed.) 316 Being Dorians born, [they] repudiated their vernacular Idiom for that of the Athenians. 1715 M. Davies Εἰκων Μικρο-βιβλικὴ Pref. 35 They don't understand their Breviaries and Mass-Books, not..when translated and expounded in their respective vernacular Tongues. 1832 G. Downes Lett. from Continental Countries I. 197 The congregation here being chiefly peasants, and artisans, a sermon was delivered in the vernacular dialect. 1858 W. E. Gladstone Stud. Homer II. ii. 50 When the Chaldee tongue became the vernacular, and the old Hebrew disappeared from common use. 1874 H. R. Reynolds John the Baptist v. §3. 338 There were ‘voices’..which expressed in some vernacular idiom of Hebrew or Greek the thoughts of the Almighty. in extended use.1778 T. Warton Hist. Eng. Poetry II. 50 They much improved the vernacular style by the use of this exotic phraseology.1785 European Mag. 8 467 Several passages are modulations on the vernacular airs of Otaheite.1850 Ecclesiologist 11 176 Even Rome, then, cannot consistently blame words to the vernacular Gregorian melodies. b. In predicative use. Also with prepositions. ΚΠ 1808 S. Smith Wks. (1859) I. 103/2 The Scriptures translated into the Tamulic language, which is vernacular in the southern parts of the peninsula. 1835 T. B. Macaulay in G. O. Trevelyan Competition Wallah (1866) 321 The intellectual improvement of those classes..can at present be effected only by means of some language not vernacular amongst them. 1856 H. B. Stowe Dred II. xxxii. 323 He commenced a speech in that peculiar slang dialect which was vernacular with them. 1870 R. Anderson Hist. Missions Amer. Board III. iv. 52 The Arab-speaking race..must receive the gospel mainly from those to whom the language is vernacular. c. Coupled with the name of the language. ΚΠ 1775 T. Warton Hist Eng. Poetry (1870) 61 The vernacular English, as I have..remarked, was rough and unpolished. 1842 R. H. Barham Lay St. Aloys in Ingoldsby Legends 2nd Ser. 242 The ‘Requiem’ was sung; Not vernacular French, but a classical tongue. 1864 G. W. Dasent Jest & Earnest (1873) II. 10 The vernacular Anglo-Saxon before the Conquest was undergoing that change which all languages suffer. 1883 J. A. Froude in Contemp. Rev. 44 18 He [Luther] began to translate the Bible into clear vernacular German. 3. a. Of literary works, etc.: Written or spoken in, translated into, the native language of a particular country or people. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > a language > [adjective] > native or vernacular > written or spoken in vulgar1513 vernacular1661 1661 J. Glanvill Vanity of Dogmatizing 156 Though, in Greek or Latine, they amuse us, yet a vernacular translation unmasks them. 1716 M. Davies Diss. Physick 20 in Athenæ Britannicæ III Dr. Harvey's Family-Physician, and most of Will. Salmon's Books, with other such like Vernacular Pharmacy. 1789 R. Hurd in W. Warburton Tracts 170 Long vernacular Sermons from Dr. Parr. 1841 I. D'Israeli Amenities Lit. I. Pref. p. v A history of our vernacular literature has occupied my studies for many years. 1868 J. H. Blunt Reformation Church of Eng. I. 495 Vernacular prayer-books had, indeed, been long known in England. 1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People i. §5. 49 The Chronicle..remains the first vernacular history of any Teutonic people. b. Performed in the native language. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > a language > [adjective] > native or vernacular > written or spoken in > performed in vernacular1874 1874 A. Somerville Lect. Missions xiii. 243 A paper which he read on Vernacular Preaching at the Ootacamund Missionary Conference. 4. a. Of words, etc.: Of or pertaining to, forming part of, the native language. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > a language > [adjective] > native or vernacular > forming part of the native language vernacular1716 1716 M. Davies Athenæ Britannicæ II. 174 This Ralph is call'd also Roger, the Latin name, Ranulphus, being possibly capable of both those Vernacular Appropriations. 1729 A. Pope Dunciad (new ed.) i. 1 (note) Which being a French and foreign Termination, is no way proper to a word entirely English, and Vernacular. 1788 V. Knox Winter Evenings (1790) II. xxii. 193 Brown..preferred polysyllabic expressions derived from the language of ancient Rome, to his vernacular vocabulary. 1816 W. Scott Old Mortality Peroration, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. IV. 346 O, ignorance! as if the vernacular article of our mother English were capable of declension! 1848 ‘L. Mariotti’ Italy Past & Present I. ii. 146 Low-born vernacular idioms were handed down to posterity as the poet's creation. 1866 J. Bryce Holy Rom. Empire (new ed.) xv. 283 Whose official style of Augustus, as well as the vernacular name of ‘Kaiser’ [etc.]. b. Native or natural to a particular language. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > a language > [adjective] > native or vernacular > forming part of the native language > native to a particular language vernacular1844 1844 Proc. Philol. Soc. 1 176 The finding an isolated term in an Anglo-Saxon or German vocabulary by no means proves it to be vernacular to that language. 5. Connected or concerned with the native language. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > a language > [adjective] > native or vernacular > concerned with the native language vernacular1844 mother tongue1912 1844 J. H. Stocqueler Hand-bk. India 439 The southern side of the building is appropriated to the vernacular department, and the northern to the English. 1883 R. B. Smith Life Ld. Lawrence II. 535 Efforts were made to extend vernacular education. 6. Of arts, or features of these: Native or peculiar to a particular country or locality. spec. in vernacular architecture, architecture concerned with ordinary domestic and functional buildings rather than the essentially monumental. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > style of architecture > [noun] > other styles transition1730 pasticcio1750 symmetrophobia1809 rococo1835 flamboyantism1846 collegiate Gothic1851 vernacular architecture1857 Neo-Grec1867 modernism1879 wedding-cake1879 Queen Anne1883 Colonial Revival1889 Chicago school1893 Dutch colonial1894 English colonial1894 monumentalism1897 vernacular1910 international style1911 Churrigueresque1913 postmodernism1914 prairie style1914 rationalism1918 lavatory style1919 functionalism1924 Mudéjar1927 façadism1933 open plan1938 Wrenaissance1942 pseudo1945 brutalism1953 open planning1958 neo-Liberty1959 Queen Annery1966 Jugendstil1967 moderne1968 strip architecture1976 high-tech1978 society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > style of architecture > [adjective] > other styles florida1706 massive1723 rounded1757 round-arched1782 castellar1789 baronial1807 rational1813 English colonial1817 massy1817 transitional1817 Scottish Baronial1829 rococo1830 flamboyant1832 Scotch Baronial1833 Churrigueresque1845 Russo-Byzantine1845 soaring1849 trenchant1849 vernacular1857 Scots Baronial1864 baroque1867 Perp.1867 rayonnant1873 Dutch colonial1876 Neo-Grec1878 rococoesque1885 Richardsonian1887 federal1894 organic1896 confectionery1897 European-style1907 postmodern1916 Lutyens1921 modern1927 moderne1928 functionalist1930 Williamsburg1931 Colonial Revival1934 packing case1935 Corbusian1936 lavatorial1936 pseudish1938 Adamesque1942 rationalist1952 Miesian1956 open-planned1958 Lutyensesque1961 façade1962 Odeon1964 high-tech1979 Populuxe1986 1857 G. G. Scott Remarks Secular & Domest. Archit. p. ix I want to call attention to the meanness of our vernacular architecture, and to the very partial success which has hitherto attended the attempts at its improvement. 1857 G. G. Scott Remarks Secular & Domest. Archit. 6 Look at the vernacular cottage-building of the day. a1878 G. G. Scott Lect. Mediæval Archit. (1879) II. 315 The revived knowledge of the architecture of Greece rudely disturbed the vernacular style derived from Rome. 1893 Harper's Weekly 21 Oct. 1011/2 The theatre is a big, rather bare room, apparently of vernacular Javanese construction. 1939 Country Life 11 Feb. 154/2 It is as delightful an example as one could find of Georgian vernacular architecture. 1976 G. Moffat Short Time to Live xi. 115 ‘What's brought you to Sandale?’.. ‘Vernacular architecture, sir... Interiors too: spice cupboards, stone stairways, spinning galleries.’ 1977 Dædalus Summer 3 The studies of so-called vernacular architecture (like barns) no longer seem eccentric in an atmosphere in which architecture can be defined not in terms of monuments but as any changes at all that man makes in his environment. †7. Of diseases: Characteristic of, occurring in, a particular country or district; endemic. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > types > [adjective] > endemic gentilitious1657 vernacular1666 1666 G. Harvey Morbus Anglicus i. 2 Which instances do evidently bring a Consumption under the notion of a Pandemick, or Endemick, or rather a Vernacular Disease to England. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) Diseases which reign most in any particular Nation, Province, or District, are called Vernacular Diseases. 8. Of a slave: That is born on his master's estate; home-born. rare. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > slavery or bondage > [adjective] > enslaved or in bondage > born into slavery native?c1425 slave-borna1586 vernaculous1656 vernacular1804 1804 Ann. Rev. & Hist. Lit. 1803 2 326 A disposition to use kindly, and to emancipate frequently, the vernacular slave. 9. Personal, private. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > quality of being special or restricted in application > [adjective] > relating to a person in his individual capacity > personal or private singularc1340 personala1387 partial?a1439 familiar1569 domestical1586 home1650 domestic1707 vernacular1840 intime1857 intimate1884 1840 G. S. Faber Primitive Doctr. Regeneration 38 I was favouring my evil propensities, as if they were specially my own vernacular property. B. n. 1. a. The native speech or language of a particular country or district (see A. 2); also, the informal, colloquial, or distinctive speech of a people or a group. Cf. sense B. 1b. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > a language > [noun] > native language lede-quidec1275 birth tonguea1387 mother languagea1425 mother tongue?a1425 vulgar1430 mother's languagec1443 mother's tongue1517 natural language1570 commona1616 natural1665 vernaculara1706 native1824 home language1833 first language1875 Umgangssprache1934 mameloshen1968 the mind > language > a language > dialect > [noun] dialect1566 idiom1593 subdialect1642 sublanguage1749 talka1788 vernacular1925 sublanguage1940 a1706 J. Evelyn Hist. Relig. (1850) I. vii. 427 It is written in the Chaldæo-Syriac, which was..the vernacular of our Lord. 1840 R. H. Barham Ingoldsby Legends 1st Ser. Pref. p. iv Mr. Maguire,..in his account of the late Coronation, retains his own rich vernacular. 1864 J. H. Burton Scot Abroad II. i. 94 Even within the native stronghold of the Dutch vernacular. 1874 A. H. Sayce Princ. Compar. Philol. v. 179 A child can learn as readily the vernacular of Canton as the language of London. 1925 F. N. Scott in McNaught's Monthly Mag. May 144 (heading) English and American vernacular. 1930 G. B. Shaw Admirable Bashville 89 With the advent of compulsory education sixty years ago,..newspapers and plays alike soon came to be written by illiterate masters of the vernacular. 1984 Gainesville (Florida) Sun 28 Mar. 7 b/2 Observe feminist vernacular: Call it a ‘personhole cover’. in extended use.1807 W. Taylor in Ann. Rev. 5 575 By neglecting the vernacular in idea, he has missed in part the advantage of home praise and hereditary sympathy. b. Frequently in in the vernacular. Cf. sense B. 1a. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > a language > register > [adverb] > colloquially vulgarlyc1374 familiarly1757 colloquially1791 in the vernacular1815 1815 J. C. Hobhouse Substance Lett. (1816) I. 176 The court confessor in his sermon at St. Denis..took the opportunity of what is called in the vernacular preaching at the Duke of Orleans. 1856 G. W. Dasent Jest & Earnest (1873) I. 337 The performance of the services of religion in Latin, and no longer as of old in the vernacular. 1888 A. Jessopp Coming of Friars i. 37 Of the five..no one of them was qualified as yet to preach in the vernacular. 1975 L. Gillen Return to Deepwater iv. 62 In the vernacular,..I couldn't care less what you do. c. Without article. (Cf. B. 2.) ΚΠ 1857 T. Hughes Tom Brown's School Days i. i. 19 Repeating in true sing-song vernacular the legend of St. George and his fight. 1882 B. D. W. Ramsay Recoll. Mil. Serv. I. i. 25 The fair songstress opened upon me such a volley of choice Tuscan vernacular, that I fairly fled. 2. With a and plural. A native or indigenous language. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > a language > [noun] > native language > a native language vernacular1715 1715 M. Davies Εἰκων Μικρο-βιβλικὴ 325 Charles the Fifth, King of France, order'd the Bible to be translated..in the Picardian and Norman Vernaculars. 1744 R. North & M. North Life Sir D. North & Rev. J. North 255 Latin, and the Vernaculars Westward,..carry nearly the same Idiom. 1850 ‘S. Yendys’ Roman vii. 100 The wayfarer Of many lands is not responsible For each vernacular. 1882 Athenæum 4 Mar. 280 Some of the peoples and tribes whose vernaculars that class comprises. 1892 Times 24 Dec. 3/1 Spain, destined to be for long the most active enemy of the circulation of the Scriptures in modern vernaculars. 3. transferred. The phraseology or idiom of a particular profession, trade, etc. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > a language > register > [noun] > jargon language1502 term of art1570 fustiana1593 jargoning1623 jargon1651 speciality1657 lingo1659 cant1684 linguaa1734 patois1790 slang1801 shibboleth1829 glim-glibber1844 argot1860 gammy1864 patter1875 stagese1876 vernacular1876 palaver1909 babble1930 buzzword1946 in word1964 rabbit1976 1876 P. G. Tait Lect. Recent Adv. in Physical Sci. vi. 151 To use the vernacular of engineers. 1891 Cent. Mag. May 128/2 On the bar we found friends that we had made in Panama, who had preceded us a few days, long enough to speak the vernacular of mining. 4. A vernacular style of building. Cf. sense A. 6 above. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > style of architecture > [noun] > other styles transition1730 pasticcio1750 symmetrophobia1809 rococo1835 flamboyantism1846 collegiate Gothic1851 vernacular architecture1857 Neo-Grec1867 modernism1879 wedding-cake1879 Queen Anne1883 Colonial Revival1889 Chicago school1893 Dutch colonial1894 English colonial1894 monumentalism1897 vernacular1910 international style1911 Churrigueresque1913 postmodernism1914 prairie style1914 rationalism1918 lavatory style1919 functionalism1924 Mudéjar1927 façadism1933 open plan1938 Wrenaissance1942 pseudo1945 brutalism1953 open planning1958 neo-Liberty1959 Queen Annery1966 Jugendstil1967 moderne1968 strip architecture1976 high-tech1978 1910 Encycl. Brit. II. 436/1 The culture of the ‘Queen Anne’ type of architecture..presented a simple vernacular of construction and detail. 1967 Listener 7 Sept. 292/3 What was normally North American about these houses..was their general internal planning..an open-plan vernacular that still works well today. 1977 M. Girouard Sweetness & Light ii. 25 They came back to London to design buildings in which Gothic merged into farmhouse vernacular. Derivatives verˈnacularness n. rare Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΚΠ 1727 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. II Vernacularness, Properness, or Peculiarness to one's own Country. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1917; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adj.n.1601
随便看	sauro sauro- saurodont saurognathism saurognathous saurography sauroid sauroidal sauromatian saurophagous saurophidian sauropod sauropodomorph sauropodous sauropods sauropsid sauropsida sauropsidan sauropsidans sauropsidian sauropterygian saurous saurus saury saury elops