vigiln.¹

Brit.

/ˈvɪdʒ(ᵻ)l/, U.S.

/ˈvɪdʒᵻl/

Forms: Middle English uigile, Middle English–1500s vigile, Middle English–1500s vygyle; Middle English–1600s vigille (Middle English vygylle), vigill (1500s vygill), Middle English vigell, vygell, wygell, 1500s Scottish wigel, Middle English–1500s vygyl, 1500s vigyl, 1500s– vigil.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Old French (also modern French) vigile, = Spanish vigilia , Italian vigilia < Latin vigilia watch, watchfulness, wakefulness, < vigil awake, alert. Compare vigily n.

a. Christian Church. The eve of (i.e. preceding) a festival or holy day, as an occasion of devotional watching or religious observance.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > sacrament > (extreme) unction > vigil > [noun] > of festival

vigila1250

vigily1377

wake1600

a1250 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Nero) (1952) 188 Ȝe schulen eten..eueriche deie twie. bute uridawes and umbridawes and ȝoingdawes. and uigiles [?c1225 Cleo. vigilies].

1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. x. 232 Eche halyday to huyre hollyche þe seruice, Vigiles and fastyngdayes forthere~more to knowe.

1417 in F. J. Furnivall Fifty Earliest Eng. Wills (1882) 28 Þe date of þis my testament..on Setrysday in þe vygyle of þe Holy Trynyte.

1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur xiii. i. 612 The vygyl of Pentecost whan alle the felauship of the round table were comen vnto Camelot.

?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1879) VII. 91 Whiche takynge hym in the vigille of Ester, ȝafe choyce to hym [etc.].

1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. ccxiii. 108 b/1 And y^e next mornyng, y^e whiche was in the vigill of saynt Symonde and Iude, the Frenche kynge departed out of Calais.

1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde i. iii. f. 11 The thyrde day before the calendes of Aprell: which was that yeare the vigile of the Resurrection of owre Lorde.

1600 W. Shakespeare Henry V iv. iii. 45 He that outliues this day..shall yearely on the vygill feast his friends, And say, to morrow is S. Cryspines.

1649 Bp. J. Taylor Great Exemplar iii. xiv. 43 The dayes from henceforward to the death of Jesus we must reckon to be like the Vigils or Eves of his Passion.

1704 R. Nelson Compan. Festivals & Fasts ii. ix. 461 If any of these Feasts fall upon a Munday then the Vigil or Fast-Day, shall be kept upon the Saturday.

1808 W. Scott Marmion i. xxii. 43 Since on the vigil of St Bede, In evil hour, he crossed the Tweed.

1834 K. H. Digby Mores Catholici V. viii. 233 By the rules of fraternities of workmen, playing cards on the vigil of Christmas subjected offenders to be banished from the society.

1884 W. E. Addis & T. Arnold Catholic Dict. 843 He even contends that the law of fasting binds on the vigil of the Epiphany.

figurative and in extended use.a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1546) sig. Ff.iv The calme seson moste sure, is the vigile of the more vnfortune.1637 T. Jackson Wks. (1844) VI. 188 The very time itself..being the vigils of that great anniversary, November 5.1796 E. Burke Two Lett. Peace Regicide Directory France i. 56 This manifesto..is dated..on the vigil of the festive day of cordial unanimity so happily celebrated by all parties in the British Parliament.

b. A devotional watching, esp. the watch kept on the eve of a festival or holy day; a nocturnal service or devotional exercise. Chiefly in plural.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > sacrament > (extreme) unction > vigil > [noun]

watch971

wakingc1175

wakec1200

vigil?1504

pernoctation1633

setting-up1835

14.. Chaucer's Prol. 377 (Lansd.) It is ful faire to be cleped ma dame And gone to vigiles al to-fore.

c1484 Early Eng. Misc. (Warton Club) 24 When thy concianse wold the have mad chastessed, With wygellus, fastynge or with allmysdede.

?1504 M. Beaufort tr. Thomas à Kempis Ful Treat. Imytacyon Cryste (Pynson) iv. vii. 269 Wepe and haue sorowe that thou art yet..so slepy to holy vygylys.

1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum (at cited word) Vigill, or saynctes euen beynge fasted, peruigilium.

1591 G. Fletcher Of Russe Common Wealth xxv. f. 105^v They haue also 3. Vigils, or Wakes in their great Lent..& the last Friday their great Vigil, as they cal it.

?1606 M. Drayton Ode ii, in Poemes sig. B3 Thy auncient vigils yearely that haue obserued cleerely thy feasts yet smoking be.

1649 Bp. J. Taylor Great Exemplar iii. 54 There are some things..voluntary, such as are..prostration, long prayers, vigils.

a1681 G. Wharton Fasts & Festivals in Wks. (1683) 31 At length the Vigils themselves were inhibited; and these Fasts..instituted in their stead.

1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall (1787) III. xxvii. 34 As the patience of the multitude might have been exhausted by the length and uniformity of nocturnal vigils.

1836 J. H. Newman Parochial Serm. (ed. 2) III. xxi. 338 These holy days..were commonly ushered in by a Vigil or religious watching.

1840 T. B. Macaulay Ranke's Hist. in Ess. ⁋22 Thence he wandered back to the farthest West, and astonished..the schools of France by his penances and vigils.

1896 H. B. Swete Church Services 29 The solemnity of the Easter vigil was deepened by a tradition that the Second Coming of the Lord would surprise the world on some Easter Eve.

in extended use.1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis II. 110 Ek to thee, Diane, I preie,..With al myn herte I wolde serve Be nyhte, and thi vigile observe.

c. In the phrase to keep (a) vigil or vigils. Also transferred. (Cf. 4b.)

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > sacrament > (extreme) unction > vigil > keep vigil [verb (intransitive)]

watch971

wakec1000

to keep (a) vigil or vigils1555

1555 W. Waterman tr. J. Boemus Fardle of Facions ii. xii. 296 The night afore euery ordenary holidaie or feastefull daie, the whole clergie, and the people, ware bounde to kiepe Vigill in euery churche.

1616 in Publ. Catholic Rec. Soc. (1906) 3 40 They..expose the Blessed Sacrament, institute supplications & keep a vigil throughout the whole night in prayer before the same.

1695 M. Prior Ode to King i At Mary's Tomb, (sad, sacred Place!) The Virtues shall their Vigils keep.

1714 A. Pope Chaucer's Wife of Bath in R. Steele Poet. Misc. 18 Visits to ev'ry Church we daily paid,..The Stations duly, and the Vigils kept.

1717 A. Pope Eloisa to Abelard in Wks. 418 Shrines! where their vigils pale-ey'd virgins keep.

1803 R. Heber Palestine 19 Ye faithful few,..Who round the Saviour's cross your sorrows shed, Not for his sake your tearful vigils keep.

1819 W. Irving Rip Van Winkle in Sketch Bk. i. 90 Hendrick Hudson, the first discoverer of the river and country, kept a kind of vigil there.

1884 W. E. Addis & T. Arnold Catholic Dict. 843 St. Charles forbade the keeping of any vigil except that before Christmas.

d. plural. Prayers said or sung at a nocturnal service, spec. for the dead.Sometimes applied to the Office for the Dead: cf. French vigiles des morts, and medieval Latin vigiliæ.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > obsequies > religious rites > [noun] > vigils

vigils1484

death watcha1676

1484 W. Caxton tr. G. de la Tour-Landry Bk. Knight of Tower (1971) iv. 16 And she sayd vygylles for the dede men.

1671 J. Milton Paradise Regain'd i. 182 They in Heav'n their Odes and Vigils tun'd.

1679 tr. Trag. Hist. Jetzer 5 If they would yet further sing four Vigils for his Soul.

1834 K. H. Digby Mores Catholici V. iii. 84 I have seen the sublime Cathedral of Amiens on the night of All-hallows, when the vigils of the dead were sung there.

†2. A wake. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > obsequies > [noun] > vigil or wake

head-wardOE

watcha1325

vigilc1374

lyke-wakec1405

wake1412

latewake1667

waking1823

c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde v. 305 Of the fyr and flaumbe funeral..And of the feste and pleyes palestral At my vigile, I pray thee take good hede That al be wel.

1606 P. Holland tr. Suetonius Hist. Twelve Caesars 234 Upon the top of the Apennine Hill, hee celebrated a sacrifice, with a Vigil [margin. Or wake] all night long.

†3.

a. One or other of the four watches into which the Romans divided the night. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > day and night > night > [noun] > watch or period into which night was divided

watchc1000

night watchOE

quarterc1330

vigilc1380

wakingc1384

quarter-nightc1390

morning watch1535

c1380 J. Wyclif Sel. Wks. II. 44 Aboute þe fourþe vigile of þe nyȝt cam Crist to hem, walking on þe water.

1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1903) II. 65 At þe fourte vigill he rasit his baner.

c1540 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece Hyst. & Cron. Scotl. vii. vi. f. 84^v/1 The Romanis..at the thrid vigill maid thaym reddy to battall.

1656 T. Blount Glossographia (at cited word) The first Vigil began at six of the clock in the Evening, and continued till nine.

†b. A place from which watch was kept. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > watching or keeping guard > [noun] > one who watches or keeps guard > post or place of

stand1392

guardc1500

vigil1533

watching-place1847

watch room1850

watch-post1852

1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1901) I. 284 The romanis..be wilfull eruptiouns fra þare statiouns and vigilis [v.r. wigelis], effrayit þe equis.

†c. Botany. (See quot.) Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > by age or cycles > [noun] > time of opening or closing of petals or leaves

vigil1783

horologe of Flora1789

1783 Encycl. Brit. X. 8716/1 Vigils of Plants,..the precise time of the day in which the flowers of different plants open, expand, and shut.

1802 R. Hall Elem. Bot. 196.

a. An occasion or period of keeping awake for some special reason or purpose; a watch kept during the natural time for sleep.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > state of being awake > [noun] > period of staying awake for specific purpose

vigil1713

1713 J. Addison in Guardian 29 July 2/1 There is nothing that wears out a fine Face like the Vigils of the Card-Table.

1715 A. Pope Temple of Fame 28 With Studies pale, with Midnight Vigils blind.

1781 W. Cowper Retirem. 260 Soft airs, nocturnal vigils, and day dreams..Conspire against thy peace.

1817 Ld. Byron Manfred iii. iii. 2 He hath pursued long vigils in this tower.

1819 Ld. Byron Mazeppa x. 421 The patient search and vigil long Of him who treasures up a wrong.

a1859 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. (1861) V. 139 His delicate frame worn out by the labours and vigils of many months.

1879 J. Beerbohm Wanderings in Patagonia 23 I confess I should have liked some companion to enliven my weary vigil.

in extended use.1817 Ld. Byron Manfred i. i. 6 In my heart There is a vigil, and these eyes but close To look within.1843 J. Martineau Endeavours Christian Life I. xv. 228 The vigils of eternal Providence.

b. In the phrase to keep a vigil or vigils. (Cf. 1c.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > state of being awake > be or remain awake [verb (intransitive)] > intentionally > specific keep a vigil

watch971

to keep a vigil or vigils1694

vigil1898

1694 T. Ken Morning & Evening-Hymn in New-Year's Gift 114 You my blest Guardians, whilst I sleep, Close to my Bed your Vigils keep.

1728 A. Pope Dunciad i. 81 But pensive poets painful vigils keep; Sleepless themselves, to give their readers sleep.

a1771 T. Gray Ess. I in W. Mason Mem. Life & Writings (1775) 195 There industry and gain their vigils keep.

1845 H. B. Hirst Coming of Mammoth 98 Lies some quaintly sculptured God, O'er the scene no vigil keeping.

1850 ‘S. Yendys’ Roman i. 2 I steal forth to keep my twilight vigil.

1856 Househ. Words Extra Christmas No., 6 Dec. 21/2 Bid thy Angels..Round my bed their vigil keep.

c. Without article: Watching, watch.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > vigilance > keeping watch > [noun]

watchc888

watching1479

vigilation1598

outlook1815

vigil1816

vigil-keeping1897

watch-keeping1946

1816 Ld. Byron Siege of Corinth xiii. 21 While he alone, where thousands pass'd A night of sleep,..In sickly vigil wander'd on.

1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. (1856) xxiv. 195 Many miles to the south, Captain Back passed a memorable term of vigil and exposure.

1856 C. Merivale Hist. Romans under Empire IV. xli. 569 The abiding sense of moral obligation, which should hold sleepless vigil round the desk of the historian.

1892 C. Taylor Witness of Hermas 35 Hermas and the twelve virgins keep vigil by the tower.

5. A wakefulness, or period of this, due to inability to sleep. Somewhat rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > state of being awake > [noun] > period of

wake1620

vigil1747

1747 G. Berkeley Tar-water in Plague in Wks. (1871) III. 481 In the plague are observed..drowsiness, anxiety, vigils, sinking of spirits.

1802 S. T. Coleridge Dejection in Morning Post 4 Oct. 'Tis midnight, and small thoughts have I of sleep: Full seldom may my friend such vigils keep!

1822 P. B. Shelley Fragm. Unfinished Drama 74 On a wintry bough the widowed bird..Renewed the vigils of a sleepless sorrow.

Compounds

attributive and in other combinations, as vigil-keeping, vigil-rage, vigil service, vigil-wasted adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > vigilance > keeping watch > [noun]

watchc888

watching1479

vigilation1598

outlook1815

vigil1816

vigil-keeping1897

watch-keeping1946

a1822 P. B. Shelley Peter Bell III vii, in Poet. Wks. (?1840) 246/1 To wakeful frenzy's vigil rages, As opiates, were the same [pages] applied.

1846 J. Keble Lyra Innocentium 233 But who is this that comes with mantle rude And vigil-wasted air?

1896 H. B. Swete Church Services 29 Every Saturday night was marked by a vigil service.

1897 R. Kearton With Nature & Camera 330 The terrible loneliness of his vigil-keeping.

Draft additions 1993

A stationary and peaceful demonstration in support of a particular cause, often lasting several days, which is characterized by the absence of speeches or other explicit advocacy of the cause, and frequently by some suggestion of mourning.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > lamentation or expression of grief > [noun] > instance or act of lamenting

moan?c1225

mean?c1250

bimena1325

lamentation1382

queryc1400

pinec1440

tragedy1536

lamentc1592

complaint?1606

conclamation1627

quiritation1634

throb1635

pathetic1667

dismals1774

jeremiad1780

complain1820

tangi1836

Jobism1855

wail1867

rune1922

vigil1956

society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > militancy > [noun] > demonstration > types of demonstration or protest

counterprotest1595

student demonstration1856

lie-in1867

rent strike1881

hunger strike1889

march1908

protest march1914

occupation1920

lie-down1936

sit-down1936

sit-in1936

freedom march1947

vigil1956

freedom walk1957

swim-in1960

freedom ride1961

sitting in1961

sleep-out1961

fish-in1964

live-in1964

stall-in1964

sleep-in1965

Long March1967

love-in1967

talk-in1967

write-in1967

die-in1970

dirty protest1979

blanket protest1982

1956 Times 11 Apr. 8/6 When [the South African] Parliament reassembled to-day..members found 300 black-sash women lined up in the grounds of Parliament House in renewed protest against undemocratic legislation... A vigil of four black-sash members at a time will be maintained till the end of the session.

1969 Daily Tel. 29 Jan. 1/6 About 20 of the militants..ended their vigil yesterday with a 3 a.m. ‘swim-in’ in the basement pool.

1971 Win 1 Apr. 5/1 A three-day vigil from Feb. 23–26 at the New York office of Colonel Charles Ellison, Army procurement agent, focused attention on the fact.

1985 Peace News 26 July 3/1 On the day of the air fair, around 40 people took part in a vigil at the main gate, giving out leaflets to incoming cars.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1917; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	vigil
释义	vigiln.¹ Brit. /ˈvɪdʒ(ᵻ)l/, U.S. /ˈvɪdʒᵻl/ Forms: Middle English uigile, Middle English–1500s vigile, Middle English–1500s vygyle; Middle English–1600s vigille (Middle English vygylle), vigill (1500s vygill), Middle English vigell, vygell, wygell, 1500s Scottish wigel, Middle English–1500s vygyl, 1500s vigyl, 1500s– vigil. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Old French (also modern French) vigile, = Spanish vigilia , Italian vigilia < Latin vigilia watch, watchfulness, wakefulness, < vigil awake, alert. Compare vigily n. 1. a. Christian Church. The eve of (i.e. preceding) a festival or holy day, as an occasion of devotional watching or religious observance. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > sacrament > (extreme) unction > vigil > [noun] > of festival vigila1250 vigily1377 wake1600 a1250 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Nero) (1952) 188 Ȝe schulen eten..eueriche deie twie. bute uridawes and umbridawes and ȝoingdawes. and uigiles [?c1225 Cleo. vigilies]. 1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. x. 232 Eche halyday to huyre hollyche þe seruice, Vigiles and fastyngdayes forthere~more to knowe. 1417 in F. J. Furnivall Fifty Earliest Eng. Wills (1882) 28 Þe date of þis my testament..on Setrysday in þe vygyle of þe Holy Trynyte. 1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur xiii. i. 612 The vygyl of Pentecost whan alle the felauship of the round table were comen vnto Camelot. ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1879) VII. 91 Whiche takynge hym in the vigille of Ester, ȝafe choyce to hym [etc.]. 1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. ccxiii. 108 b/1 And y^e next mornyng, y^e whiche was in the vigill of saynt Symonde and Iude, the Frenche kynge departed out of Calais. 1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde i. iii. f. 11 The thyrde day before the calendes of Aprell: which was that yeare the vigile of the Resurrection of owre Lorde. 1600 W. Shakespeare Henry V iv. iii. 45 He that outliues this day..shall yearely on the vygill feast his friends, And say, to morrow is S. Cryspines. 1649 Bp. J. Taylor Great Exemplar iii. xiv. 43 The dayes from henceforward to the death of Jesus we must reckon to be like the Vigils or Eves of his Passion. 1704 R. Nelson Compan. Festivals & Fasts ii. ix. 461 If any of these Feasts fall upon a Munday then the Vigil or Fast-Day, shall be kept upon the Saturday. 1808 W. Scott Marmion i. xxii. 43 Since on the vigil of St Bede, In evil hour, he crossed the Tweed. 1834 K. H. Digby Mores Catholici V. viii. 233 By the rules of fraternities of workmen, playing cards on the vigil of Christmas subjected offenders to be banished from the society. 1884 W. E. Addis & T. Arnold Catholic Dict. 843 He even contends that the law of fasting binds on the vigil of the Epiphany. figurative and in extended use.a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1546) sig. Ff.iv The calme seson moste sure, is the vigile of the more vnfortune.1637 T. Jackson Wks. (1844) VI. 188 The very time itself..being the vigils of that great anniversary, November 5.1796 E. Burke Two Lett. Peace Regicide Directory France i. 56 This manifesto..is dated..on the vigil of the festive day of cordial unanimity so happily celebrated by all parties in the British Parliament. b. A devotional watching, esp. the watch kept on the eve of a festival or holy day; a nocturnal service or devotional exercise. Chiefly in plural. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > sacrament > (extreme) unction > vigil > [noun] watch971 wakingc1175 wakec1200 vigil?1504 pernoctation1633 setting-up1835 14.. Chaucer's Prol. 377 (Lansd.) It is ful faire to be cleped ma dame And gone to vigiles al to-fore. c1484 Early Eng. Misc. (Warton Club) 24 When thy concianse wold the have mad chastessed, With wygellus, fastynge or with allmysdede. ?1504 M. Beaufort tr. Thomas à Kempis Ful Treat. Imytacyon Cryste (Pynson) iv. vii. 269 Wepe and haue sorowe that thou art yet..so slepy to holy vygylys. 1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum (at cited word) Vigill, or saynctes euen beynge fasted, peruigilium. 1591 G. Fletcher Of Russe Common Wealth xxv. f. 105^v They haue also 3. Vigils, or Wakes in their great Lent..& the last Friday their great Vigil, as they cal it. ?1606 M. Drayton Ode ii, in Poemes sig. B3 Thy auncient vigils yearely that haue obserued cleerely thy feasts yet smoking be. 1649 Bp. J. Taylor Great Exemplar iii. 54 There are some things..voluntary, such as are..prostration, long prayers, vigils. a1681 G. Wharton Fasts & Festivals in Wks. (1683) 31 At length the Vigils themselves were inhibited; and these Fasts..instituted in their stead. 1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall (1787) III. xxvii. 34 As the patience of the multitude might have been exhausted by the length and uniformity of nocturnal vigils. 1836 J. H. Newman Parochial Serm. (ed. 2) III. xxi. 338 These holy days..were commonly ushered in by a Vigil or religious watching. 1840 T. B. Macaulay Ranke's Hist. in Ess. ⁋22 Thence he wandered back to the farthest West, and astonished..the schools of France by his penances and vigils. 1896 H. B. Swete Church Services 29 The solemnity of the Easter vigil was deepened by a tradition that the Second Coming of the Lord would surprise the world on some Easter Eve. in extended use.1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis II. 110 Ek to thee, Diane, I preie,..With al myn herte I wolde serve Be nyhte, and thi vigile observe. c. In the phrase to keep (a) vigil or vigils. Also transferred. (Cf. 4b.) ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > sacrament > (extreme) unction > vigil > keep vigil [verb (intransitive)] watch971 wakec1000 to keep (a) vigil or vigils1555 1555 W. Waterman tr. J. Boemus Fardle of Facions ii. xii. 296 The night afore euery ordenary holidaie or feastefull daie, the whole clergie, and the people, ware bounde to kiepe Vigill in euery churche. 1616 in Publ. Catholic Rec. Soc. (1906) 3 40 They..expose the Blessed Sacrament, institute supplications & keep a vigil throughout the whole night in prayer before the same. 1695 M. Prior Ode to King i At Mary's Tomb, (sad, sacred Place!) The Virtues shall their Vigils keep. 1714 A. Pope Chaucer's Wife of Bath in R. Steele Poet. Misc. 18 Visits to ev'ry Church we daily paid,..The Stations duly, and the Vigils kept. 1717 A. Pope Eloisa to Abelard in Wks. 418 Shrines! where their vigils pale-ey'd virgins keep. 1803 R. Heber Palestine 19 Ye faithful few,..Who round the Saviour's cross your sorrows shed, Not for his sake your tearful vigils keep. 1819 W. Irving Rip Van Winkle in Sketch Bk. i. 90 Hendrick Hudson, the first discoverer of the river and country, kept a kind of vigil there. 1884 W. E. Addis & T. Arnold Catholic Dict. 843 St. Charles forbade the keeping of any vigil except that before Christmas. d. plural. Prayers said or sung at a nocturnal service, spec. for the dead.Sometimes applied to the Office for the Dead: cf. French vigiles des morts, and medieval Latin vigiliæ. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > obsequies > religious rites > [noun] > vigils vigils1484 death watcha1676 1484 W. Caxton tr. G. de la Tour-Landry Bk. Knight of Tower (1971) iv. 16 And she sayd vygylles for the dede men. 1671 J. Milton Paradise Regain'd i. 182 They in Heav'n their Odes and Vigils tun'd. View more context for this quotation 1679 tr. Trag. Hist. Jetzer 5 If they would yet further sing four Vigils for his Soul. 1834 K. H. Digby Mores Catholici V. iii. 84 I have seen the sublime Cathedral of Amiens on the night of All-hallows, when the vigils of the dead were sung there. †2. A wake. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > obsequies > [noun] > vigil or wake head-wardOE watcha1325 vigilc1374 lyke-wakec1405 wake1412 latewake1667 waking1823 c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde v. 305 Of the fyr and flaumbe funeral..And of the feste and pleyes palestral At my vigile, I pray thee take good hede That al be wel. 1606 P. Holland tr. Suetonius Hist. Twelve Caesars 234 Upon the top of the Apennine Hill, hee celebrated a sacrifice, with a Vigil [margin. Or wake] all night long. †3. a. One or other of the four watches into which the Romans divided the night. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > time > day and night > night > [noun] > watch or period into which night was divided watchc1000 night watchOE quarterc1330 vigilc1380 wakingc1384 quarter-nightc1390 morning watch1535 c1380 J. Wyclif Sel. Wks. II. 44 Aboute þe fourþe vigile of þe nyȝt cam Crist to hem, walking on þe water. 1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1903) II. 65 At þe fourte vigill he rasit his baner. c1540 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece Hyst. & Cron. Scotl. vii. vi. f. 84^v/1 The Romanis..at the thrid vigill maid thaym reddy to battall. 1656 T. Blount Glossographia (at cited word) The first Vigil began at six of the clock in the Evening, and continued till nine. †b. A place from which watch was kept. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > watching or keeping guard > [noun] > one who watches or keeps guard > post or place of stand1392 guardc1500 vigil1533 watching-place1847 watch room1850 watch-post1852 1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1901) I. 284 The romanis..be wilfull eruptiouns fra þare statiouns and vigilis [v.r. wigelis], effrayit þe equis. †c. Botany. (See quot.) Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > by age or cycles > [noun] > time of opening or closing of petals or leaves vigil1783 horologe of Flora1789 1783 Encycl. Brit. X. 8716/1 Vigils of Plants,..the precise time of the day in which the flowers of different plants open, expand, and shut. 1802 R. Hall Elem. Bot. 196. 4. a. An occasion or period of keeping awake for some special reason or purpose; a watch kept during the natural time for sleep. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > state of being awake > [noun] > period of staying awake for specific purpose vigil1713 1713 J. Addison in Guardian 29 July 2/1 There is nothing that wears out a fine Face like the Vigils of the Card-Table. 1715 A. Pope Temple of Fame 28 With Studies pale, with Midnight Vigils blind. 1781 W. Cowper Retirem. 260 Soft airs, nocturnal vigils, and day dreams..Conspire against thy peace. 1817 Ld. Byron Manfred iii. iii. 2 He hath pursued long vigils in this tower. 1819 Ld. Byron Mazeppa x. 421 The patient search and vigil long Of him who treasures up a wrong. a1859 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. (1861) V. 139 His delicate frame worn out by the labours and vigils of many months. 1879 J. Beerbohm Wanderings in Patagonia 23 I confess I should have liked some companion to enliven my weary vigil. in extended use.1817 Ld. Byron Manfred i. i. 6 In my heart There is a vigil, and these eyes but close To look within.1843 J. Martineau Endeavours Christian Life I. xv. 228 The vigils of eternal Providence. b. In the phrase to keep a vigil or vigils. (Cf. 1c.) ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > state of being awake > be or remain awake [verb (intransitive)] > intentionally > specific keep a vigil watch971 to keep a vigil or vigils1694 vigil1898 1694 T. Ken Morning & Evening-Hymn in New-Year's Gift 114 You my blest Guardians, whilst I sleep, Close to my Bed your Vigils keep. 1728 A. Pope Dunciad i. 81 But pensive poets painful vigils keep; Sleepless themselves, to give their readers sleep. a1771 T. Gray Ess. I in W. Mason Mem. Life & Writings (1775) 195 There industry and gain their vigils keep. 1845 H. B. Hirst Coming of Mammoth 98 Lies some quaintly sculptured God, O'er the scene no vigil keeping. 1850 ‘S. Yendys’ Roman i. 2 I steal forth to keep my twilight vigil. 1856 Househ. Words Extra Christmas No., 6 Dec. 21/2 Bid thy Angels..Round my bed their vigil keep. c. Without article: Watching, watch. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > vigilance > keeping watch > [noun] watchc888 watching1479 vigilation1598 outlook1815 vigil1816 vigil-keeping1897 watch-keeping1946 1816 Ld. Byron Siege of Corinth xiii. 21 While he alone, where thousands pass'd A night of sleep,..In sickly vigil wander'd on. 1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. (1856) xxiv. 195 Many miles to the south, Captain Back passed a memorable term of vigil and exposure. 1856 C. Merivale Hist. Romans under Empire IV. xli. 569 The abiding sense of moral obligation, which should hold sleepless vigil round the desk of the historian. 1892 C. Taylor Witness of Hermas 35 Hermas and the twelve virgins keep vigil by the tower. 5. A wakefulness, or period of this, due to inability to sleep. Somewhat rare. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > state of being awake > [noun] > period of wake1620 vigil1747 1747 G. Berkeley Tar-water in Plague in Wks. (1871) III. 481 In the plague are observed..drowsiness, anxiety, vigils, sinking of spirits. 1802 S. T. Coleridge Dejection in Morning Post 4 Oct. 'Tis midnight, and small thoughts have I of sleep: Full seldom may my friend such vigils keep! 1822 P. B. Shelley Fragm. Unfinished Drama 74 On a wintry bough the widowed bird..Renewed the vigils of a sleepless sorrow. Compounds attributive and in other combinations, as vigil-keeping, vigil-rage, vigil service, vigil-wasted adj. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > vigilance > keeping watch > [noun] watchc888 watching1479 vigilation1598 outlook1815 vigil1816 vigil-keeping1897 watch-keeping1946 a1822 P. B. Shelley Peter Bell III vii, in Poet. Wks. (?1840) 246/1 To wakeful frenzy's vigil rages, As opiates, were the same [pages] applied. 1846 J. Keble Lyra Innocentium 233 But who is this that comes with mantle rude And vigil-wasted air? 1896 H. B. Swete Church Services 29 Every Saturday night was marked by a vigil service. 1897 R. Kearton With Nature & Camera 330 The terrible loneliness of his vigil-keeping. Draft additions 1993 A stationary and peaceful demonstration in support of a particular cause, often lasting several days, which is characterized by the absence of speeches or other explicit advocacy of the cause, and frequently by some suggestion of mourning. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > lamentation or expression of grief > [noun] > instance or act of lamenting moan?c1225 mean?c1250 bimena1325 lamentation1382 queryc1400 pinec1440 tragedy1536 lamentc1592 complaint?1606 conclamation1627 quiritation1634 throb1635 pathetic1667 dismals1774 jeremiad1780 complain1820 tangi1836 Jobism1855 wail1867 rune1922 vigil1956 society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > militancy > [noun] > demonstration > types of demonstration or protest counterprotest1595 student demonstration1856 lie-in1867 rent strike1881 hunger strike1889 march1908 protest march1914 occupation1920 lie-down1936 sit-down1936 sit-in1936 freedom march1947 vigil1956 freedom walk1957 swim-in1960 freedom ride1961 sitting in1961 sleep-out1961 fish-in1964 live-in1964 stall-in1964 sleep-in1965 Long March1967 love-in1967 talk-in1967 write-in1967 die-in1970 dirty protest1979 blanket protest1982 1956 Times 11 Apr. 8/6 When [the South African] Parliament reassembled to-day..members found 300 black-sash women lined up in the grounds of Parliament House in renewed protest against undemocratic legislation... A vigil of four black-sash members at a time will be maintained till the end of the session. 1969 Daily Tel. 29 Jan. 1/6 About 20 of the militants..ended their vigil yesterday with a 3 a.m. ‘swim-in’ in the basement pool. 1971 Win 1 Apr. 5/1 A three-day vigil from Feb. 23–26 at the New York office of Colonel Charles Ellison, Army procurement agent, focused attention on the fact. 1985 Peace News 26 July 3/1 On the day of the air fair, around 40 people took part in a vigil at the main gate, giving out leaflets to incoming cars. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1917; most recently modified version published online June 2022). † vigiln.² Etymology: < Latin vigil: see vigil n.¹ Obsolete. rare. A watchman, custodian. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > watching or keeping guard > [noun] > keeper or guardian warda680 warden?c1225 watchman14.. geterc1540 guarder1542 guardant1592 vigil1648 1648 R. Herrick Hesperides sig. M5 For no black-bearded Vigil from thy doore Beats with a button'd-staffe the poore. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1917; most recently modified version published online June 2021). † vigiladj. Etymology: < Latin vigil. Obsolete. rare. Vigilant. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > vigilance > [adjective] wakerc1000 watchingOE wakingc1175 wakerlyc1400 circumspect1430 vigilant?a1500 prick-eared?1550 invigilant1570 vigil?1576 wakeful1589 eyeful1594 open-eyed1601 argus-eyed1603 watchful1603 alert1618 awake1619 vigilant1655 guardful1749 ?1576 Common Condicions Prol. sig. Aii What openly by Actours deeds in place shall straight appeare: Beefore your vigill wakefull eyes. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1917; most recently modified version published online June 2021). vigilv. Brit. /ˈvɪdʒ(ᵻ)l/, U.S. /ˈvɪdʒᵻl/ Etymology: < vigil n.¹ rare. intransitive. To keep a vigil or vigils. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > state of being awake > be or remain awake [verb (intransitive)] > intentionally > specific keep a vigil watch971 to keep a vigil or vigils1694 vigil1898 1898 T. Hardy Wessex Poems 110 So I've claim to ask By what right you task My patience by vigiling there? 1915 G. Frankau Tid'apa vii. 40 Two days and two nights has he vigiled—the doctor dozes and blinks. 1975 J. Montague Slow Dance 57 We vigil by the dying fire, talk stilled for once. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1917; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.¹a1250n.²1648adj.?1576v.1898
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vigiln.1

Compounds

Draft additions 1993

† vigiln.2

† vigiladj.

vigilv.

vigiln.¹

† vigiln.²