vexillumn.

Brit.

/vɛkˈsɪləm/, U.S.

/vɛkˈsɪləm/

Inflections: Plural vexilla.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin vexillum.

Etymology: < classical Latin vexillum military banner, detachment of troops, in post-classical Latin and scientific Latin also sign of the cross (late 2nd cent. in Tertullian), cross-cloth (14th cent. in a British source), (in botany) large external petal of a papilionaceous flower (1680 or earlier), (in ornithology) vane or web of a feather (1843 or earlier) < the stem of vehere to carry (see vehicle n.) + -illum-illum suffix.Compare Middle French, French vexille (1529; 1527 as vexil), Catalan vexil·la (1581), Spanish vexillo (late 15th cent.), Italian vessillo (early 14th cent.).

a. Roman History.

(a) A flag or banner carried by Roman troops.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military organization > insignia > [noun] > flag, banner, or standard > Roman banner

vexillum1683

1683 H. Dodwell Disc. conc. One Altar & One Priesthood vii. 172 An excuse in Cases wherein very few excuses were allowed, as..for Soldiers to dispense with their absence from their vexilla.

1726 A. Gordon Itinerarium Septentrionale 79 The Figures of two winged Victories, supporting the Roman Vexillum.

1785 Hist. & Antiq. York I. 64 The Figure of this Signifer is placed above the Inscription with his Vexillum in one hand.

1805 C. James New Mil. Dict. (ed. 2) Vexillum, the standard which was carried by the Roman horse.

1898 Weekly Standard & Express (Blackburn) 27 Aug. 5/4 Soldier with Vexillum dug from a grave in the churchyard.

1939 Nevada State Jrnl. 9 July 17/5 The forerunner of the modern flag was the vexillum of the ancient Roman army.

1985 K. Mitchell A.D. Anno Domini i. ii. 7 He could see the standard-bearer hoisting a vexillum that proclaimed his to be the Seventh Cohort of the Twelfth Legion.

2006 A. Hempstead U.S. Flag i. 7 The Romans invented the vexillum.

(b) A body of men grouped under one banner.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > unit of army > [noun] > company under one banner > Roman

vexillum1732

1732 J. Horsley tr. Tacitus in Britannia Romana i. vi. 96 Having got together the vexilla [L. vexillis] of the legions, and a moderate number of ‘auxiliaries’.

1773 R. Melville Crit. Inq. Constit. Rom. Legion 9 Each division had three vexilla, or ensigns, and one hundred and eighty-six men belonged to these vexilla.

1891 Cent. Dict. (at cited word) These vexilla averaged from 500 to 600 in strength.

2005 M. Dillon & L. Garland tr. Livy in Anc. Rome 242 A vexillum [L. vexillum] having 60 soldiers and two centurions.

b. Christian Church. A small piece of linen or silk attached to the upper part of a crozier or cross.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > artefacts > implement (general) > staff > [noun] > bishop's > piece of silk or linen on

vexillum1844

1844 F. A. Paley Church Restorers iv. 39 The Bishop and Abbat rode side by side on their palfreys, preceded by two clerics, one bearing the pastoral staff, the other a silver cross with a silken vexillum, or flag.

1877 F. G. Lee Gloss. Liturg. & Eccl. Terms 438 Many examples of the vexillum are represented in illuminated MSS.

1905 Church Times 3 Feb. 136/3 The vexillum sometimes attached to a pastoral staff was a ‘sudarium’ or handkerchief, in all probability.

1931 Illustr. London News 21 Feb. 284/2 Christ is represented stepping out of the tomb and carrying the vexillum.

1968 in R. L. Benson Bishop-elect Index 414/2 Banner: investiture of dukes and counts with vexillum.

2007 J. France Medieval Images St. Bernard of Clairvaux ii. 38 The complexity of late medieval croziers was enhanced by their often being fitted with a sudarium or vexillum.

2. Botany. The large erect upper petal of a papilionaceous flower. Cf. standard n. 6b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > [noun] > parts of > petal > of particular shape or position

keel1597

vexillum1703

standard1725

ala1731

wing1776

banner1785

vexil1813

winglet1855

keel-petal1876

pterygium1896

1703 W. Dampier Voy. New Holland iii. 160 The Flowers are..of the same Scarlet colour, with a large deep purple Spot in the vexillum.

1725 P. Blair Pharmaco-botanologia iii. 103 Some [flowers] have the Vexillum or Standard large, and some less, and other small Flowers seem to want it intirely.

1793 W. Woodville Med. Bot. III. 438 A vexillum or upper petal, which is oblong, erect, concave at the base, and indented at the apex.

1821 W. P. C. Barton Flora N. Amer. (new ed.) I. 11 Corolla with a long sabre-shaped vexillum of a deep carmine-red colour.

1872 Nature 17 Oct. 500/1 There are traces of nectar on the veins and in hollows of the vexillum.

1956 Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 83 19 The lateral sepals recall the alae and the median petal the vexillum of a papilionaceous flower.

1999 N.Y. Times 11 May f5/1 A type of tropical vine whose flowers include a petal, called a vexillum, that rises up when the flower matures.

2003 O. von Helversen & Y. Winter in T. H. Kunz & M. B. Fenton Bat Ecol. viii. 356 The vexillum was removed from one-half of all virgin flowers in each inflorescence.

3. Ornithology. The flat extended part of a feather, composed of barbs attached to the rachis; the vane or web of a feather.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > feather > [noun] > part of

pen1381

quill?a1425

dowlc1535

rib1545

web1575

pilec1600

twill1664

beard1688

pinion1691

vane1713

shaft1748

beardlet1804

medulla1826

barb1835

barbule1835

stem1845

feather-pulp1859

aftershaft1867

barbicel1869

filament1870

vexillum1871

scape1872

rachis1874

harl1877

calamus1878

radius1882

ramus1882

scapus1882

cilia1884

1871 T. H. Huxley Man. Anat. Vertebrated Animals vi. 274 A distal vexillum, or vane, consisting of a four-sided solid shaft, the rachis.

1895 Ibis 1 351 They are about half as long as their respective contour-feathers, have a black shaft and light yellow vexillum.

1907 E. Chamberlain Homing Pigeon x. 125 If the wing of a bird is expanded, and held between the observer and a brilliant light, small holes will be discernible in the vane or vexillum.

1973 C. J. Wallis Pract. Zool. (ed. 6) ii. 231 The feather is composed of a shaft or rachis,..on either side of which is the flattened and expanded vane or vexillum.

2002 Systematic Biol. 51 965/1 Two feather traits do not refer directly to color patterns of the vexillum.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2017; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	vexillum
释义	vexillumn. Brit. /vɛkˈsɪləm/, U.S. /vɛkˈsɪləm/ Inflections: Plural vexilla. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin vexillum. Etymology: < classical Latin vexillum military banner, detachment of troops, in post-classical Latin and scientific Latin also sign of the cross (late 2nd cent. in Tertullian), cross-cloth (14th cent. in a British source), (in botany) large external petal of a papilionaceous flower (1680 or earlier), (in ornithology) vane or web of a feather (1843 or earlier) < the stem of vehere to carry (see vehicle n.) + -illum-illum suffix.Compare Middle French, French vexille (1529; 1527 as vexil), Catalan vexil·la (1581), Spanish vexillo (late 15th cent.), Italian vessillo (early 14th cent.). 1. a. Roman History. (a) A flag or banner carried by Roman troops. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military organization > insignia > [noun] > flag, banner, or standard > Roman banner vexillum1683 1683 H. Dodwell Disc. conc. One Altar & One Priesthood vii. 172 An excuse in Cases wherein very few excuses were allowed, as..for Soldiers to dispense with their absence from their vexilla. 1726 A. Gordon Itinerarium Septentrionale 79 The Figures of two winged Victories, supporting the Roman Vexillum. 1785 Hist. & Antiq. York I. 64 The Figure of this Signifer is placed above the Inscription with his Vexillum in one hand. 1805 C. James New Mil. Dict. (ed. 2) Vexillum, the standard which was carried by the Roman horse. 1898 Weekly Standard & Express (Blackburn) 27 Aug. 5/4 Soldier with Vexillum dug from a grave in the churchyard. 1939 Nevada State Jrnl. 9 July 17/5 The forerunner of the modern flag was the vexillum of the ancient Roman army. 1985 K. Mitchell A.D. Anno Domini i. ii. 7 He could see the standard-bearer hoisting a vexillum that proclaimed his to be the Seventh Cohort of the Twelfth Legion. 2006 A. Hempstead U.S. Flag i. 7 The Romans invented the vexillum. (b) A body of men grouped under one banner. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > unit of army > [noun] > company under one banner > Roman vexillum1732 1732 J. Horsley tr. Tacitus in Britannia Romana i. vi. 96 Having got together the vexilla [L. vexillis] of the legions, and a moderate number of ‘auxiliaries’. 1773 R. Melville Crit. Inq. Constit. Rom. Legion 9 Each division had three vexilla, or ensigns, and one hundred and eighty-six men belonged to these vexilla. 1891 Cent. Dict. (at cited word) These vexilla averaged from 500 to 600 in strength. 2005 M. Dillon & L. Garland tr. Livy in Anc. Rome 242 A vexillum [L. vexillum] having 60 soldiers and two centurions. b. Christian Church. A small piece of linen or silk attached to the upper part of a crozier or cross. ΘΚΠ society > faith > artefacts > implement (general) > staff > [noun] > bishop's > piece of silk or linen on vexillum1844 1844 F. A. Paley Church Restorers iv. 39 The Bishop and Abbat rode side by side on their palfreys, preceded by two clerics, one bearing the pastoral staff, the other a silver cross with a silken vexillum, or flag. 1877 F. G. Lee Gloss. Liturg. & Eccl. Terms 438 Many examples of the vexillum are represented in illuminated MSS. 1905 Church Times 3 Feb. 136/3 The vexillum sometimes attached to a pastoral staff was a ‘sudarium’ or handkerchief, in all probability. 1931 Illustr. London News 21 Feb. 284/2 Christ is represented stepping out of the tomb and carrying the vexillum. 1968 in R. L. Benson Bishop-elect Index 414/2 Banner: investiture of dukes and counts with vexillum. 2007 J. France Medieval Images St. Bernard of Clairvaux ii. 38 The complexity of late medieval croziers was enhanced by their often being fitted with a sudarium or vexillum. 2. Botany. The large erect upper petal of a papilionaceous flower. Cf. standard n. 6b. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > [noun] > parts of > petal > of particular shape or position keel1597 vexillum1703 standard1725 ala1731 wing1776 banner1785 vexil1813 winglet1855 keel-petal1876 pterygium1896 1703 W. Dampier Voy. New Holland iii. 160 The Flowers are..of the same Scarlet colour, with a large deep purple Spot in the vexillum. 1725 P. Blair Pharmaco-botanologia iii. 103 Some [flowers] have the Vexillum or Standard large, and some less, and other small Flowers seem to want it intirely. 1793 W. Woodville Med. Bot. III. 438 A vexillum or upper petal, which is oblong, erect, concave at the base, and indented at the apex. 1821 W. P. C. Barton Flora N. Amer. (new ed.) I. 11 Corolla with a long sabre-shaped vexillum of a deep carmine-red colour. 1872 Nature 17 Oct. 500/1 There are traces of nectar on the veins and in hollows of the vexillum. 1956 Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 83 19 The lateral sepals recall the alae and the median petal the vexillum of a papilionaceous flower. 1999 N.Y. Times 11 May f5/1 A type of tropical vine whose flowers include a petal, called a vexillum, that rises up when the flower matures. 2003 O. von Helversen & Y. Winter in T. H. Kunz & M. B. Fenton Bat Ecol. viii. 356 The vexillum was removed from one-half of all virgin flowers in each inflorescence. 3. Ornithology. The flat extended part of a feather, composed of barbs attached to the rachis; the vane or web of a feather. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > feather > [noun] > part of pen1381 quill?a1425 dowlc1535 rib1545 web1575 pilec1600 twill1664 beard1688 pinion1691 vane1713 shaft1748 beardlet1804 medulla1826 barb1835 barbule1835 stem1845 feather-pulp1859 aftershaft1867 barbicel1869 filament1870 vexillum1871 scape1872 rachis1874 harl1877 calamus1878 radius1882 ramus1882 scapus1882 cilia1884 1871 T. H. Huxley Man. Anat. Vertebrated Animals vi. 274 A distal vexillum, or vane, consisting of a four-sided solid shaft, the rachis. 1895 Ibis 1 351 They are about half as long as their respective contour-feathers, have a black shaft and light yellow vexillum. 1907 E. Chamberlain Homing Pigeon x. 125 If the wing of a bird is expanded, and held between the observer and a brilliant light, small holes will be discernible in the vane or vexillum. 1973 C. J. Wallis Pract. Zool. (ed. 6) ii. 231 The feather is composed of a shaft or rachis,..on either side of which is the flattened and expanded vane or vexillum. 2002 Systematic Biol. 51 965/1 Two feather traits do not refer directly to color patterns of the vexillum. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2017; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1683
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