> as lemmas

1735 J. Bertin Noble Game of Chess p. vii The gambet is, when he that [plays] first gives the pawn of the king's bishop, in the second move for nothing... the close-game is, when he that plays first gives no men.

1750 tr. G. Greco Chess made Easy i. 1 Close Games, in Opposition to Gambit Games.

1822 J. Cochrane Treat. Game of Chess 156 These two pawns..not only prevent his bringing him [sic] pieces into play but also allow the White an open game.

1845 Souvenir Bristol Chess Club 59 This move produces the opening known by the name of ‘The two Knights' game’.

1858 Daily Cleveland (Ohio) Herald 23 Oct. 1/3 All chess contests are divided into two classes—open games and closed games.

1895 Standard 26 Apr. 7/7 Herr von Bardeleben won the toss for the first move, and opened with the Vienna game.

1910 Times 8 Jan. 10/6 At the ninth, tenth, and eleventh moves,..Schlechter deviated from the usual development and obtained a good open game.

1942 E. Lasker Chess for Fun & Chess for Blood x. 194 P–B3 or P–K3 could lead the game into well known paths of the Queen's Pawn opening but I wanted to avoid a closed game.

1963 A. S. Russell tr. L. Pachman Mod. Chess Strategy ix. 198 In the Scotch Game..Black defends himself by piece pressure on either d4..or e4.

2010 J. Eade Chess Openings for Dummies Introd. 3 When you're playing Black and you want to shake things up, you can respond to 1.e4 with something other than 1...e5 and establish a semi-open game. These openings have fewer open lines, but they still feature plenty of piece mobility.