| 释义 |
vetchn. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French fecche, veche. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman fecche, ficche, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French vesce, (northern) veche, Anglo-Norman and Middle French vesche, Middle French (northern) vecche (compare Anglo-Norman and Middle French vesse, Old French (northern) veiche, Middle French vece, vecce; French vesce) leguminous plant resembling the bean (second half of the 12th cent. in Old French, earliest and frequently as the type of something of little value), seed or seed pod of this plant (13th cent.), tare (13th cent. or earlier) < classical Latin vicia, of unknown origin.Compare Old Occitan vesa , Catalan veça (1295), Italian veccia (1310). Classical Latin vicia was also borrowed into other European languages at an early date; compare Middle Dutch wicke , veche , vitse (Dutch wikke ), Old Saxon wikka (Middle Low German wicke ), Old High German wicka (Middle High German wicke , German Wicke ), and also Welsh gwŷg (13th cent.). Specific forms. The ultimate origin of the α. forms is unclear; Anglo-Norman forms with initial f- are occasionally attested from the 13th cent. (and have a parallel in feine , variant of veine vein n.), but their origin is unclear, and it is not known whether the devoicing occurred first in Anglo-Norman or in English. E. J. Dobson ( Eng. Pronunc. 1500–1700 (ed. 2, 1968) II. §77 note 3) suggests that such forms may reflect an earlier borrowing of the Latin etymon into Old English, but there is no evidence to support this suggestion. 1. the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > names applied to various plants > [noun] the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > leguminous plants > [noun] > vetch the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > cereal, corn, or grain > [noun] > cereal plants or corn the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular fodder plants > [noun] > cultivated vetch > vetches α. c1300 in T. Hunt (1989) 193 [Orobus], fiches. a1382 (Bodl. 959) (1969) Isa. xxviii. 25 Barli & Mile & fetche [altered from vicia; a1425 L.V. fetchis] in þer coostis. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvii. xcv. 986 Legumina..beeþ nouȝt ygendred in hulles as whete, but in coddes..as it fareþ of pesen, fecchis and benes. a1425 (c1395) (Royal) (1850) Isa. xxviii. 25 He schal not sette wheete bi ordre, and barli,..and fetchis [L. viciam] in his coostis? tr. Palladius (Duke Humfrey) (1896) i. 237 Lupyne and ficchis slayn, and on their roote Vpdried, are as dongyng, londis boote. 1538 T. Elyot Lens,..a kynde of poulse called fatches. 1559 J. Aylmer sig. H1 Satan..soweth tares and fytches of heresies and sectes continually. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) iv. i. 61 Rich Leas Of Wheate, Rye, Barley, Fetches, Oates and Pease. View more context for this quotation a1661 T. Fuller (1662) Leic. 126 Whereas lean land will serve for puling pease and faint fetches. 1725 R. Bradley at Sand It was sowed with Oats and Fitches. 1765 C. Varlo xvii. 100 The quality of fitches is such that they will grow almost on any sort of land. 1852 26 July 7/6 (advt.) Four acres of fitches, an excellent crop. 1890 J. Service 42 I met wi' twa wee callans carryin' hame an armful' o' fitches for their rabbits. 1935 7 11 Spring crops were sown much earlier in the year than they are today, January for oats and February for fitches, beans and peas not being considered too early. 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens iv. xxvi. 483 Arachus is muche lyke to the common Vetche, in stalkes, leaues, and coddes, but in all these muche lesse. 1656 J. Tradescant 175 Vicia vulgaris, common Vetch or Fitch. 1707 J. Mortimer (1721) I. 139 The Chich, Fetch or Vetch are of several sorts, but the most known are the Winter and the Summer Vetch. a1722 E. Lisle (1757) 125 The pebble-vetch is a summer-vetch, different from the goar-vetch and not so big; they call it also the rath-ripe vetch. 1796 W. Withering (ed. 3) III. 638 Vicia lathyroides. Strangle Vetch. 1805 R. W. Dickson II. 895 The Tufted Vetch, (Vicia cracca)..might likewise be useful for the purpose of eating as a green fodder. 1845 A. Wood ii. 112 V. americana... American Vetch... V. caroliniana... Carolinian Vetch... V. tetrasperma... Slender Vetch. 1899 5 Sept. 4/3 Hairy vetch may be sown in autumn from about the middle of August to the middle of September. 1912 C. V. Piper & R. McKee (U.S. Dept. Agric. Farmers' Bull. No. 515) 21 Narrow-leaved vetch (Vicia angustifolia) is..distinguished by its narrower leaflets, smaller flowers, black pods, and round, smaller seeds. 1943 9 27 Common vetch also has given considerable promise throughout the South, and under some conditions it reseeds. 1998 C. A. Ingels ii. 15/1 Purple vetch is among the least cold hardy of the cultivated vetches. 2006 25 June 8/2 Much of the ground is covered in buckwheat and hairy vetch, plants that add nutrients to the soil. 2. the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > leguminous plants > [noun] > vetch > seed or bean of the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > leguminous plants > [noun] > vetch > plant resembling vetch α. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvii. xcv. 986 Among suche codware lupines and benes beþ grettest, and pesen and fecches [a1425 Morgan ficches; L. cicerum et pisorum] ben mene, tylles and fechches [a1425 Morgan vacches; L. viciarum] beþ smallest in quantite. a1475 (Harl. 2340) f. 24 (MED) For castyng Take..iiij fetchys or ellys iiij smale pese. a1513 R. Fabyan (1516) II. f. clxxxxvi For this Scarcyte of whete in England in many places the people made them Brede of Fetches, pesyn, and benys. 1575 G. Turberville 365 Berries as bygge as a Pease or Fatche. 1611 Isa. xxviii. 25 Doth he not cast abroad the fitches? 1614 S. Latham ii. viii. 95 Take of allowes the quantity of a fetch unwashed. a1641 J. Smyth (1883) I. 303 From hence also came their great proportions of wheat, rye, barly,..and ffetches, apples and pears. 1711 C. Lockyer ix. 258 Doll is a small Grain, less than Fetches, contains a Substance like our white Peas, and being boil'd with Rice makes Kutcheree. 1796 R. H. tr. G. C. Raff (Edinb. ed.) II. 87 The turkey feeds upon every thing which we feed birds—on barley, oats, fitches, bread. 1820 W. Brown II. xii. vii. 610 Their general food was wheat, barley, rye, fitches, millet, lentils, beans, &c. 1881 J. Sargisson 170 Ah fand ah was gittn as full as a fitch. the mind > attention and judgement > importance > unimportance > [noun] > that which is unimportant > of little worth a1400 (?a1350) (Egerton) (1927) l. 1580 (MED) I wyl not gyffe a fecche for hem alle. ?a1425 (c1385) G. Chaucer (Harl. 3943) (1883) iii. l. 936 Þis seid is by hem þat be not worth two fecches. c1425 (c1400) l. 7478 (MED) I holde the not worth a fecche! a1626 W. Rowley (1632) ii. 26 You may Imagine it to be Twelfe-day at night, and the Beane found in the corner of your Cake, but 'Tis not worth a fetch I'l assure you. c1440 9 (MED) Take þe montenance of a fiche & do it in thyn eghne. c1450 in W. R. Dawson (1934) 152 (MED) Take wormode [etc.]..and lay it on þe hede, iiij fiches or v by a naturall day. 1583 P. Barrough i. xxxvii. 47 Put in a peice of a spunge asmuchas the fich. 1634 H. Peacham (new ed.) i. xxii. 69 A little eare-waxe to the quantitie of a fitch. 1625 J. Hart ii. viii. 102 Red Vetches or Fitches in the residence..are recorded..to signifie..great inflammation of the Liuer. the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > leguminous plants > [noun] > other leguminous plants the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular fodder plants > [noun] > cultivated vetch the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > leguminous plants > [noun] > vetchling c1400 (Trin. Cambr.) (1909) 29 (MED) Þe wyld facche also & þe kockyl. ?c1450 in G. Müller (1929) 47 (MED) Osmunde, wyldefasch, woodroue. 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens 485 The wilde Vetche [Galega altera]..serueth onely but for pasture, and feeding for cattell. 1597 J. Gerard ii. 1053 Of yellow wilde Fetch, or Tare euerlasting. 1640 J. Parkinson 417 Galega... Some with us call it Italian Vetch, but most commonly Goates Rue. 1671 E. Phillips (new ed.) (at cited word) The crimson grasse Vetch [is called] Cantananee. 1725 R. Bradley (at cited word) The Seed of the Wild Vetch is bitter. 1753 Suppl. at Aphaca There is only one known species of Aphaca, which is the yellow vetchling, called by some the bind-weed-leaved vetch. 1822 S. Clarke II. 264 P[haca] Bœtica. Hairy Bastard Vetch. 1888 29 May 5/3 He roused himself up from his sleep in the fence corner on the crimson grass vetch. 1902 C. R. Ball (U.S. Dept. Agric. Farmers' Bull. No. 147) 33 (heading) Winter flat-pea, or winter vetch. (Lathyrus hirsutus L.) 1991 (Nexis) 2 June v. 9 We walked through a dry landscape dotted with the purple blooms of sweet vetch, the yellows of daisy painted cup and showy cinquefoil. 2016 J. R. Lazier & R. L. Burt in J. R. Lazier & N. Ahmad ii. 30/1 Vigna speciosa... Known as ‘Wandering Cowpea’ or ‘Prairie Vetch’, it is a very vigorous vine that can be invasive. Compounds1611 R. Loder (1936) 4 The whole number of the poulse landes was..viij And the fatche landes iiij. 1696 W. Hope tr. J. de Solleysel i. lv. 166 The Countrey peoples labouring horses eat no hay, from the time that their Corns are sowen until the Spring but then they have for it Pease or fitch-straw. 1725 R. Bradley (at cited word) Vetch Flower mixt with Honey..will take away Freckles. 1731 P. Miller I. at Orobus Wood Orobus, with Vetch-Leaves. 1831 J. F. South tr. A. W. Otto 455 One [knot] as large as a date seed..and a third of the size of a vetch seed. 1899 F. Lamson-Scribner (U.S. Dept. Agric. Farmers' Bull. No. 102) 10 The oat and vetch crop will make a heavy yield of very superior hay in May. 1947 D. H. Robinson (ed. 2) vii. 101 Vetch hay is difficult to make because the stems are so succulent that a long period of dry weather is necessary to cure them. 1979 66 1019/1 Vetch flowers are self pollinating. 2007 (Sustainable Agric. Network) (ed. 3) 149/1 Vetch seed is about the same size as wheat and barley kernels. C2. the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > leguminous plants > [noun] > vetchling 1753 Suppl. App. at Grass Vetch-grass, the English name of a distinct genus of plants called by authors nissolia. 1789 (ed. 2) 2 57 Rib-grass, fitch-grass..and rye-grass. 1892 31 Mar. 17/2 The vetch grass yields about a ton and a half to the acre annually. 1955 11 Oct. 11/2 (advt.) Good hay, vetch grass, 50 cents per bale. 2004 382/1 In southern Europe, intercropping broomcorn or foxtail millet with oats and vetch grass or fodder peas is a common practice. 1753 Suppl. at Onobrychis The great, vetch-leaved onobrychis. 1831 G. Don I. 728/1 P[elargonium] viciæfolium... Vetch-leaved Stork's-bill. 1985 I. Kohli tr. E. L. Krall' ii. 376 Bird's foot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) and vetch-leaved sainfoin (Onobrychis viciaefolia Scope.) are possibly not even hosts of this parasite. Derivatives 1688 R. Holme ii. 91/2 Cocks head, is a small Cod, with Uitch like leaves. 1697 (Royal Soc.) 19 685 In each of these is one small, longish, flat, vetch-like, blackish, shining Seed. 1753 Suppl. at Onobrychis The stone onobrychis, with long, and narrow, vetch-like leaves. 1852 G. C. Mundy I. ii. 76 The Kennedya, with a purple vetch-like blossom. 1954 9 398 A creeping vetch-like plant with circular small yellow flowers. 2014 (Nexis) 12 July 27 Nice to see hairy tare, a small member of the pea family, vetch-like and not uncommon in Westcountry grasslands. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2017; most recently modified version published online June 2022). <  n.c1300 |
