victualn.
/ˈvɪtl/, U.S. /ˈvɪd(ə)l/ 1. † b. Produce of the ground capable of being used as food. Obsolete. white victual (quot. 1799), = 1c.† d. (See quot. 1688) Obsolete. rare.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.
a. collective. Whatever is normally required, or may naturally be used, for consumption in order to support life; food or provisions of any kind.Occasionally applied to food for animals, but more commonly restricted to that of persons.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > [noun]
meateOE
eatOE
foodOE
fodderOE
dietc1230
gista1290
victual1303
victualsa1375
preya1382
feedinga1398
pasturea1398
viancea1400
viandsc1400
livingc1405
meatingc1425
vitalyc1440
vianda1450
cates1461
vivers1536
viandry1542
viander1543
gut-matter1549
peck1567
belly-cheer1579
appast1580
manchet1583
chat1584
belly-metal1590
repasture1598
cibaries1599
belly-timber1607
belly-cheat1608
peckage1610
victuallage1622
keeping1644
vivresa1650
crib1652
prog1655
grub1659
beef1661
fooding1663
teething1673
eatablea1687
sunket1686
yam1788
chow-chow1795
keep1801
feed1818
grubbing1819
patter1824
ninyam1826
nyam1828
grubbery1831
tack1834
kai1845
mungaree1846
scoff1846
foodstuff1847
chuck1850
muckamuck1852
tuck1857
tucker1858
hash1865
nosh1873
jock1879
cake flour1881
chow1886
nosebag1888
stodge1890
food aid1900
tackle1900
munga1907
scarf1932
grubber1959
α.
β. c1400 Ywaine & Gaw. 1873 Syr Alers,..with swith grete vetale, Come that kastel to asayle.c1480 (a1400) St. Theodora 425 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 111 Þai ordenyt hyr þare out-rydere, þar witale to þe house to by.1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) ix. 168 Quhar thai mycht get Till thame and thairis vittale [1489 Adv. wictaillis] and met.1487 Act 3 Hen. VII c. ix. §3 That every freman..may lede, carie, and goo, with his or their Vetale, Ware or merchaundise.a1500 Bernardus de Cura Rei Famuliaris 110 Geff thow..hase to sel wetale in gret substance, Se be na way na derth þat thou desyre.γ. 1472 Presentmts. of Juries in Surtees Misc. (1890) 23 We say yt yer have boght of late..unsesanabyll wetyl, yt is to say, feche & herrynge, bothe Thom Smythe & John Clyffe.1472 Presentmts. of Juries in Surtees Misc. (1890) 27 For brynghyng in of wetell for the welfare of comhons.a1500 R. Henryson tr. Æsop Fables: Two Mice l. 263 in Poems (1981) 14 Thair herberie wes tane In to ane spence with vittell of grit plentie.1513–14 Act 5 Hen. VIII c. 6 The great scarcyte of grayne and vytell at this present tyme.1531 in J. Bulloch Pynours (1887) 61 The berne of salt..and all wther witall..borne be the Pynouris.a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 50 In so much that vytel & nuryschment suffycyent for them can skant here be found.c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 5176 In þat prouyns is plenty all of prise vitell, Of corne, & of catell.1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Aivv/2 Vitall, penu, victus.δ. 1482 in H. E. Malden Cely Papers (1900) 108 They schall lacke no men nor vettell.1494 in T. Dickson Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1877) I. 247 For a bayte that careit the wrychtis and thar wyttell to the loche, v s.a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Adv. 19.2.3) i. l. 564 Within þat ile ar citeis ten Stuffit with wittall gud and men.1573 T. Tusser Fiue Hundreth Points Good Husbandry (new ed.) f. 18v Twise a day geue him fresh vitell & drink.1599 T. Dallam Diary in J. T. Bent Early Voy. Levant (1893) i. 88 The iland Zante hathe all theire provition of vittell from thence.a1618 J. Sylvester tr. G. Fracastoro Maidens Blush (1620) sig. B4v Th' Heav'nly Herald..sees there the Brethren lying Along the Grasse, and busie at their Vittle.1663 S. Butler Hudibras: First Pt. i. i. 24 For, as we said, He alwayes chose To carry Vittle in his hose.1735 J. Swift Stella at Wood-Park in Wks. II. 216 I must confess, your Wine and Vittle I was too hard upon a little.1748 M. Leapor Poems 124 When you gather Strength a little, Can walk abroad and eat your Vittle.a1796 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) I. 456 Robin promis'd me A' my winter vittle.1881 Good Words 22 846/1 It's a pity as you've no stomach to yer vittle.ε. 1523 T. Cromwell Speech to Parl. in R. B. Merriman Life & Lett. T. Cromwell (1902) I. 39 The Frenche men..lye yn wayte..to destroye the Conductours of our victuayle.1559–66 in Wodrow Soc. Misc. (1844) 71 To hinder the victuall from comeing to Edinburgh.1576 W. Lambarde Perambulation of Kent 130 Deuouring and consuming.., the victuall of the countrey.1610 R. Knolles Gen. Hist. Turkes (ed. 2) 1247 Germenchius hath put in three monethes victuall into Hvst in Transylvania.1627 F. Bacon Sylva §649 The Making of Things Inalimental, to become Alimental, may be an Experiment of great Profit, for Making new Victual.1681 H. Neville Plato Redivivus 92 The cheapness of Victual, and the want of Labourers.1765 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. 60 It might seem to prohibit the buying of grain and other victual.1818 Ld. Byron Beppo xxviii. 15 And Laura waited long, and wept a little,..She almost lost all appetite for victual.1854 N. Hawthorne Jrnl. 8 Aug. in Eng. Notebks. (1997) I. ii. 104 A refreshment-room with drinks, and cake and pastry, but..no substantial victual.1859 Ld. Tennyson Enid in Idylls of King 56 A fair-hair'd youth, that in his hand Bare victual for the mowers.1303 R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne 10555 Y was wunt to lede vytayle To knyȝtes þat were yn batayle.
13.. Sir Beues (A.) 3025 Al þus þemperur haþ him diȝt... Þar to schipes wiþ gode vitaile.
c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women Hypsipyle. 1488 Askynge hem a-noon If they were broken or woo begoon Or hade nede of lodesmen or vitayle.
1399 W. Langland Richard Redeles iii. 371 Devourours of vetaile þat fouȝten er þei paide.
a1417 in M. Sellers York Memorandum Bk. (1912) I. 222 Fysshe and other vitaill ar ofte tymes conceled..in this citee.
c1450 Mirk's Festial 98 He schuld haue vii ȝere plenteþ e of corne and all oþer vytayle.
a1500 in C. T. Martin Chancery Proc. 15th Cent. in Archaeologia (1904) 59 4 Yf the dette be surmysed to growe by the bying or sellyng of any maner of vetayll.
c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) xlvi. 156 He shall departe in this lytell shyppe..and take vytayle in to it for there prouysyon.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VI f. cv By that waie neither man nor vitaill could passe or come.
1548 W. Patten Exped. Scotl. Pref. sig. a viijv The time and place whan and whither they shall cum, and with how much prouision of vitail.
?1592 Trag. Solyman & Perseda sig. E3 Footemen..well exercised in war, And as it seemes, they want no needfull vittaile.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > wild and cultivated plants > food plant or vegetable > [noun]
victualc1374
fruita1400
vegetive1678
legume1687
vegetable1727
veg1844
veggie1907
weggebobble1922
the world > food and drink > food > [noun] > edible material or part
victualc1374
meat?a1425
mealc1547
esculent1633
edible1661
edule1699
scran1808
the world > food and drink > food > corn, cereals, or grain > [noun]
corn871
curnsa1400
frumentc1440
stuff1461
victual1473
plough-meat1580
fourment1601
breadstuff1793
white victual1799
cereal1832
corn-chandlery1883
mutt-eye1946
c1374 G. Chaucer Former Age 36 Ther as vitayle is ek so skars and thinne Þat nat but mast or apples is ther inne.
c1386 G. Chaucer Clerk's Tale 3 Ther is at the West side of Ytaille..A lusty playne, habundant of vitaille.
1625 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) 200 Then consider, what Victuall or Esculent Things there are, which grow speedily, and within the yeere.
1627 T. May tr. Lucan Pharsalia (new ed.) iv. 99 Nor can the souldiers goe To forrage: the drown'd fields no vittaile leaue.
1799 J. Robertson Gen. View Agric. Perth 147 The land is pulverized and better made for the succeeding crop of white victual.
1803 T. R. Malthus Ess. Princ. Population (new ed.) ii. x. 333 This may be justly attributed to the effects of the scarcity and bad victual in the year 1783.
c. Scottish. Grain, corn. ? Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > corn, cereals, or grain > [noun]
corn871
curnsa1400
frumentc1440
stuff1461
victual1473
plough-meat1580
fourment1601
breadstuff1793
white victual1799
cereal1832
corn-chandlery1883
mutt-eye1946
1473 in C. Rogers Rental Bk. Cupar-Angus (1879) I. 171 Alsua tha sal haue the tend vitale for ijch of bere and mele.
1557 Rec. Inverness (New Spalding Club) I. 7 To..pay Isbell Damster the hyest price of ane boll wyttuell and thre pects to entres.
1585 Reg. Mag. Sig. Scot. 292/1 For payment..of aucht chalderis 3 bollis wictuall, thairof 45 bollis beir and the remanent meill.
1609 J. Skene tr. Stat. Robert I in Regiam Majestatem , 36 It is statute be the king, that all they quha buyes victuall..fra burgessis at their granares, they..may carie that victuall quhere they please.
1678 G. Mackenzie Laws & Customes Scotl. i. 236 Usury is that Crime..committed in bargains of Victual, or Tacks.
1678 G. Mackenzie Laws & Customes Scotl. ii. 421 A landed man, whose rent exceeds a thousand Merks, or ten Chalders of Victual.
1724 P. Walker Some Remarkable Passages Life A. Peden 54 He enquired at Mrs. Steil, if she wanted a Servant for threshing Victual?
a1795 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) I. 123 Till..a' the vittel [be] in the yard, An' theekit right.
1799 J. Robertson Gen. View Agric. Perth 99 In drying on the iron floor, the victual must be constantly turned.
1812 G. Chalmers Hist. View Domest. Econ. Great Brit. & Ireland 262 Though neither the nominal, nor the real, prices of victual were equal to those of the times of queen Anne.
1822 J. Galt Sir Andrew Wylie II. ix. 83 He has been very kind to the poor—having divided five load of victual among all the needful in the parish.
1843 Report Jedburgh Thirlage Trial 8 A portion of that corn or victual, ground at the mills, which is kept by the miller.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > animal food > [noun] > food eaten by birds > food for hawks
gorgec1430
tiringc1450
beaching1573
tire1589
victual1688
1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. 241/1 Vitell, or Viandes, the term for Hawks meat.
2. † b. clerk of the victuals, = the victualler of Calais (see victualler n. 2a note). Obsolete.† c. at victuals, engaged in eating. Obsolete.
a. plural. Articles of food; supplies, or various kinds, of provisions; in later use esp. articles of ordinary diet prepared for use.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > [noun]
meateOE
eatOE
foodOE
fodderOE
dietc1230
gista1290
victual1303
victualsa1375
preya1382
feedinga1398
pasturea1398
viancea1400
viandsc1400
livingc1405
meatingc1425
vitalyc1440
vianda1450
cates1461
vivers1536
viandry1542
viander1543
gut-matter1549
peck1567
belly-cheer1579
appast1580
manchet1583
chat1584
belly-metal1590
repasture1598
cibaries1599
belly-timber1607
belly-cheat1608
peckage1610
victuallage1622
keeping1644
vivresa1650
crib1652
prog1655
grub1659
beef1661
fooding1663
teething1673
eatablea1687
sunket1686
yam1788
chow-chow1795
keep1801
feed1818
grubbing1819
patter1824
ninyam1826
nyam1828
grubbery1831
tack1834
kai1845
mungaree1846
scoff1846
foodstuff1847
chuck1850
muckamuck1852
tuck1857
tucker1858
hash1865
nosh1873
jock1879
cake flour1881
chow1886
nosebag1888
stodge1890
food aid1900
tackle1900
munga1907
scarf1932
grubber1959
the world > food and drink > food > supply of food or provisions > [noun]
victualsa1375
substancec1384
repasta1393
kitchenc1400
tablec1405
stuff1436
acates1465
acatry1522
victualling1532
provision1555
achates1570
plate1577
avitaile1592
support1599
horn and corn1633
subsistence1640
cribbing1652
purvey1678
commissariat1811
ration1814
commissary1883
α.
β. c1425 Wyntoun Cron. viii. 5027 [He] Saw his wictalis war nere gane, And hop of reskew had he nane.1453–4 Cal. Anc. Rec. Dublin (1889) I. 280 That al maner of viteiloures..shulde have bene arrested by har bodys..that byinn of them any vittalis.1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xv. 92 Schir Eduard gert men gang and se All the vitalis [1489 Adv. wictaill] of that cite.1535 Bible (Coverdale) Psalms cxxxi. 15 I will blesse hir vytales with increase, & wil satisfie hir poore with bred.a1549 A. Borde Fyrst Bk. Introd. Knowl. (1870) ii. 127 In the whych is vsed good fashion and good vytales.1579–80 G. Harvey Let.-bk. (1884) 97 Mye miserable Mistrisse..is oftentymes driven very harde..for her vittales and lodginge.γ. c1400 Melayne 1195 He garte dele his vetells then Firste amanges oure wonded men.1401 in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1827) 2nd Ser. I. 15 We faylyth vitels and men.1401 in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1827) 2nd Ser. I. 16 They mowe have godes and fytelles plente.1510 in I. S. Leadam Select Cases Star Chamber (1903) I. 205 So he toke fro many pore men their vitals to ther grete hurte.?1542 H. Brinkelow Complaynt Roderyck Mors ii. sig. B2v In london and other placys ther be many offended with the great price of vitells.1599 Dallam in Early Voy. Levant (1893) 83 We could not gitt any vitels.1599 Dallam in Early Voy. Levant (1893) 86 We ever had vitals reddie dreste for 3 dayes.δ. 1554–9 in T. Wright Songs & Ballads Philip & Mary (1860) (Roxb.) 12 And dear cheape of vittels withe the thowe hast brought To the towne.1556 in J. G. Nichols Chron. Grey Friars (1852) 46 With plate, monny, harnes, horse, & wettelles.1573 T. Tusser Fiue Hundreth Points Good Husbandry (new ed.) f. 42 To thy sheepe go and loke: for dogs will haue vittels.1606 G. Chapman Sir Gyles Goosecappe i Good companions yfaith; I see you come not for vittles.1621 in W. Foster Eng. Factories India 1618–21 (1906) 271 Wee had great store of fresh victles.c1645 I. Tullie Narr. Siege of Carlisle (1840) 27 One John Head..who pretended to fetch vittells out of the Country.1696 Monthly Mercury 7 87 We saw..vast Provision of Vittles and Ammunition.1738 J. Swift Compl. Coll. Genteel Conversat. 112 I would rather want Vittles than Elbow-Room.1838 J. Grant Sketches London 171 You knows that no one can hact well without vittals, and I have not had a mouthful since yesterday.1843 C. Dickens Martin Chuzzlewit (1844) ix. 110 Dinner was announced by Bailey junior in these terms: ‘The wittles is up!’1892 ‘Q’ I saw Three Ships vi. 106 And so say I, wi' all these vittles cryin' out to be ate.ε. 1523 T. Cromwell Speech to Parl. in R. B. Merriman Life & Lett. T. Cromwell (1902) I. 39 As for victuaylys in our waye we shuld be sure none to fynde.1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. cccclijv The Frenchemen, to the intent they might haue victualles in a readines [etc.].1596 Raigne of Edward III sig. G3 That neither vituals, nor supply of men, May come to succour this accursed towne. View more context for this quotation1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 422 Great store of victuals and all things necessary.1618 in W. Foster Eng. Factories India 1618–21 (1906) 45 When the Bannyans sayle by it they heave vittuals overboard..as a sacrifice.a1687 W. Petty Polit. Arithm. (1690) 101 The Wages of a..Labourer..is 4s. per week without Victuals.1726 J. Swift Gulliver I. i. vi. 109 I had three hundred Cooks to dress my Victuals.1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth III. 299 The young animals..began to dispute about their victuals, although they were given more than they could use.1798 C. Smith Young Philosopher I. 56 She once lost a salt spoon by one of them, whom Master George thought proper to bring to her door for cold victuals.1840 T. Hood Up Rhine 201 It seems to me a very odd proceeding for..a town to lay a tax on the persons who bring it victuals.1866 C. Kingsley Hereward the Wake I. xv. 275 There was..decking of the hall in the best hangings..; cooking of victuals, broaching of casks.a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 1121 Wel þei were warnestured of vitayles i-now, plentiuosly for al peple.
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1869) II. 55 Whanne derþe of vitailles is in al Engelond aboute, þere is þe lasse i-solde.
a1400 K. Alis. (Laud) 855 And Olyfauntz & ek Camayles, Boþe hij charged wiþ vitailes.
c1444 J. Lydgate in Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 220 To chese suych vitaylles ther braynes wer to woode.
?1482 J. Kay tr. G. Caoursin Siege of Rhodes Also they lakked vytaylles.
1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes ii. xxx. 142 Cartes shal folowe for to bryng and arriue the vitailles fro the shippes.
c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) lxi. 213 They bare all in to ye shyp, & vytaylles suffycyent.
1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde i. iii. f. 16v The vytayles, (especially the byskette breade) corrupted by takynge water.
1596 Bp. W. Barlow tr. L. Lavater Three Christian Serm. ii. 47 Among all other, Famine and Dearth of vittails is not the least.
1607 T. Dekker & J. Webster Famous Hist. Thomas Wyat sig. C3 Good victailes makes good blood.
c1616 R. C. Times' Whistle (1871) vi. 2695 Which I paide.., Because they should not think I came to sharke Only for vittailes.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > warrior > others concerned with military affairs > [noun] > sutler
purveyorc1425
clerk of the victualsc1570
sutler1590
victualler1591
vivandier1591
provanta1625
the world > food and drink > food > providing or receiving food > [noun] > supplying food or catering > supplying to soldiers > one who
victuallerc1380
clerk of the victualsc1570
sutler1590
vivandier1591
provanta1625
c1570 R. Turpyn in Chron. Calais (1846) Introd. 18 Havinge ther another offyce of the Quenes Majesty called by the name of Clarke of the Victuals.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > eating > [adverb]
in foodc1450
at victualsa1669
a1669 H. Foulis Hist. Romish Treasons (1671) ii. i. 44 Books read to him whilst he was at Victuals.
a. Animals serving for food. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > [noun]
meat1529
victuals1581
animal food1691
1581 Compendious Exam. Certayne Ordinary Complaints ii. f. 23v The more husbandry there is occupied, the more vniuersall breede should be of all victuals of Neate, Sheepe, Swine, Geese, Hennes, Capons, & Chickens.
1641 More's Edw. V 104 The Pageants were amaking day and night at Westminster, and vitailes killed which afterwards was cast away.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > [noun]
gearc1275
armourc1300
armsc1325
armingc1330
ordnancea1393
armourer?c1400
artilleryc1405
habiliments1422
artry1447
armaturea1460
apparamenta1464
atour1480
munitionc1515
furnishments1559
furniture1569
equipage1579
ammunition?1588
magazine1588
victuals1653
war1667
armament1668
contraband1753
stuff1883
1653 H. Cogan tr. F. M. Pinto Voy. & Adventures iv. 10 Moreover he added, that they had great abundance of Victuals, amongst the which there were 12 Basilisks.
4. An article of food. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > [noun] > an article or kind of food
meateOE
meatkinOE
foodOE
repast?c1500
refection1502
viand1527
sustenance1528
victual1558
cate1634
gustable1642
comestible1799
1558 Bp. T. Watson Holsome Doctr. Seuen Sacramentes ix. f. l This heauenly foode is..a strong vitale, making vs able to endure the painful iorney to the kingdome of heauen.
1829 T. Carlyle German Playwrights in Crit. & Misc. Ess. (1840) II. 50 The Germans, who instead of a measurable and sufferable spicing of theatric matter,..have in fact nothing else to live on but that highly unnutritive victual.
Compounds
attributive and in other combinations (chiefly Scottish), as victual-dealer, victual-house, victual land-male, victual-merchant, victual office, victual-rent, victual-scanting adj., victual silver, victual stipend, victual wain.
ΚΠ
1496 in T. Dickson Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1877) I. 310 Giffin to the skippar of the schip..for Ȝonk Gherardis mennis fraucht and wittalis siluir, vij li.
1567 J. Maplet Greene Forest f. 105 The Female..espying hir time, when and how she may come to the Lawder or Vittailehouse.
1592 in Reg. Mag. Sig. Scot. (1892) 90/2 The victuall land maillis of Clestrane benorthe the burne.
1593 T. Nashe Christs Teares f. 29 If there were any, that had repining victuall-scanting Maisters, tyrannizing neuerthelesse for their work.
1600 Reg. Mag. Sig. Scot. (1890) 354/2 Pro preservatione navium contra tempestates et lie victuell-housis.
1668 in Extracts State Papers (Friends' Hist. Soc.) (1912) 3rd Ser. 278 Of late since his Ma[jes]ties imployment has slackn'd at the Victuall Office.
1765–8 J. Erskine Inst. Law Scotl. ii. vi. §40 If the landlord refuse to receive his victual-rent when offered to him in due time.
1801 Farmer's Mag. Jan. 28 The farmer or victual-merchant.
1801 Farmer's Mag. Jan. 28 The profession of the farmer or the victual-dealer.
1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian viii, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. IV. 178 There was no knowing how long he might be in paying the next term's victual stipend.
1891 A. Conan Doyle White Company xix The rogue got between me and the nearest French victual wain.
Derivatives
victual-less adj. destitute of victuals.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > providing or receiving food > [adjective] > having no food
meatlessOE
fleshlessc1394
foodlessc1450
supperless1509
baitless1600
victless?1615
provisionless1781
cornless1828
appleless1830
victual-less1831
bread-and-butterless1850
faggotless1867
tuckerless1937
1831 T. Carlyle Let. 11 Aug. in Coll. Lett. T. & J. W. Carlyle (1976) V. 316 I arrived at Liverpool..quite sleepless, and but for your dinner..quite victualless.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1917; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
victualv.
/ˈvɪtl/, U.S. /ˈvɪd(ə)l/ 1.
a. transitive. To supply or furnish (a ship, castle, garrison, body of troops, etc.) with victuals, esp. with a store to last for some time.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > providing or receiving food > feed or nourish [verb (transitive)] > supply with provisions
victualc1380
meat1568
provant1599
provision1604
catera1616
bread1797
grub1819
ration1834
vegetate1846
tucker1899
feed1904
α.
β. 1473 J. Warkworth Chron. (Camden) 2 Certeyne castelles..whiche they hade vytaled.1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) iv. 63 The castell weill vittalit [1489 Adv. wittalyt] thai, With met and Fwaill can purvay.c1520 M. Nisbet New Test. in Scots (1905) III. Acts xii. 20 Thai askit pece, for alsmekile that thare cuntreis war vitalit of him.γ. c1380 J. Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 274 He were..ȝit more traitour, ȝif he lettide oþere knyȝttis..to vitele þes men asegid.c1450 Mirk's Festial 205 When he had vyteld his schippis, and made hym redy.1482 in H. E. Malden Cely Papers (1900) 109 Thaye hawe vetellyd and mannyd the town of Ary.c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) lix. 203 It was impreyngnable so it were well vytellyd.1534 in I. S. Leadam Select Cases Star Chamber (1911) II. 290 They may always vitalle theire townes, castelles and fortresses with suche playntie of vitalles.c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 4710 At this tenydon truly was a tried castell,..Wele viteld, I-wisse, for winturs ynoghe.1550 J. Coke Deb. Heraldes Eng. & Fraunce sig. Ev Richard...dystroyed thoost of the Egiptians comminge to vytell the Soldane in Jerusalem.δ. 1490 in T. Dickson Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1877) I. 129 Eftir at the Kingis schip wes chaysit in Dumbertane,..send with Johne of Haw to vittall hir,..xviij li.a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Nero) ii. 1580 Eneas gert twa schippis be Wittulyt and laid to þe se.1555 J. Bradforth in J. Strype Eccl. Memorials (1721) III. App. xlv. 129 For, saye they, yf we have the sea to vyttell us, we shall have powre to rule Ingland.1587 W. Harrison Descr. Eng. (1877) ii. i. i. 6 The king..commanded the Londoners not to aid nor vittell them.1611 J. Davies in T. Coryate Crudities sig. i3 He his Gorge with Grapes did vittle.1670 J. Milton Hist. Brit. vi. 252 New Ships in every Port were builded, vittl'd,..and appointed to meet all at Sandwich.ε. 1558 Bp. T. Watson Holsome Doctr. Seuen Sacramentes f. iiiv The fift thing..is when his armye is..well victualled,..then to merche forward.1583 T. Stocker tr. Tragicall Hist. Ciuile Warres Lowe Countries iii. 97 b Letters from the Prince, aduertising them, that hee meant the night following to victuall them.1598 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) f. 13v He [Christ] multiplyed the scarsitie of a few loues & fishes to a sufficiency to victuaile an host of people.1640 J. D. Knave in Graine i. i. sig. B2 A Leaguer cannot be planted, mann'd, victuall'd, and munition'd, with a small magazine.1670 R. Coke Disc. Trade 34 Before the Act we could Victual Ships with good and substantial Food cheaper than the Dutch.1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 28. ⁋5 These dangerous Captains who could victual an Army as well as lead it.1765 Museum Rusticum 4 196 The very large extent of foreign trade, which requires a great many more ships to be victualled out now than formerly.1777 W. Robertson Hist. Amer. ii. (1783) I. 100 This squadron..was victualed for twelve months.1800 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1837) I. 265 I have also written..requiring the reason for which he did not victual this corps..as I ordered.1836 F. Marryat Mr. Midshipman Easy II. i. 16 Jack..pushed his way through the prisoners, who were being mustered to be victualled.1865 H. Phillips Amer. Paper Currency II. 84 By unscrupulous foraging the troops were victualed from day to day.figurative.1648 J. Beaumont Psyche xii. clxxxix. 217 They who with all riotous Dainties strive To fortifie the Belly, but can finde No Time to Victuall and enforce [1702 recruit] the Minde!1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 194 I charge you and bidde this, That ye the same Schip vitaile.
a1400 Coer de L. 1382 Two hundred sehyppys ben wel vytailid, With force hawberks, swerdes and knyvys.
1422 J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. 215 That thou be..well y-vitaillid.
c1450 Brut ii. 428 That Towne and the Castelle weren welle vitailid and eke mannyd.
1470 M. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 366 Thei stuffe and vetaylle sore the place.
1485–6 in Hist. MSS Comm.: 10th Rep.: App. Pt. V: MSS Marquis of Ormonde &c. (1885) 318 in Parl. Papers (C. 4576-I) XLII. 1 That no..man victaile, nor make to be victailed, none of the saide men of warre.
1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) iii. 339 For thaim thocht thai mycht sekyrly Duell thar, quhill thai war wittaillit weile.
1523–4 R. Gruffithe in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1824) 1st Ser. I. 193 They have ayded and vittailed the Kyng's enymyes.
1553 J. Brende tr. Q. Curtius Rufus Hist. iii. f. 22v So great an army as he had..could not be victailed in a desolate countrey.
b. reflexive. To provide or stock (oneself) with victuals.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > providing or receiving food > feed or nourish [verb (reflexive)] > supply with provisions
victual1555
provision1826
1555 R. Eden Two Viages into Guinea in tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 346 They vyttayled them selues with fresshe meate.
1572 in A. Feuillerat Documents Office of Revels Queen Elizabeth (1908) 163 Expences in vittelling him selfe and iii of his fellows.
1612 J. Selden in M. Drayton Poly-olbion ix. 149 Lhewelin..compeld the English Campe to victuall themselues with Horse-flesh.
1719 D. Defoe Farther Adventures Robinson Crusoe 27 If they could get Provision to victual themselves with.
1768 in Kitson Life Jas. Cook (1907) vi. 90 £120 a year for victualling himself.
1819 W. Scott Legend of Montrose v, in Tales of my Landlord 3rd Ser. III. 231 He will..do wisely to victual himself for at least three days.
1887 Field 24 Dec. 973/1 To see that the crew properly victual themselves.
2. intransitive.
a. To partake of victuals; to eat. Also of animals, to feed or pasture.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > by eating habits > [verb (intransitive)]
pasturec1425
victual1577
the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > eating > eat [verb (intransitive)]
eatc825
to break breadeOE
baitc1386
feeda1387
to take one's repast?1490
to take repast1517
repast1520
peck?1536
diet1566
meat1573
victual1577
graze1579
manger1609
to craw it1708
grub1725
scoff1798
browse1818
provender1819
muckamuck1853
to put on the nosebag1874
refect1882
restaurate1882
nosh1892
tucker1903
to muck in1919
scarf1960
snack1972
the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > eating > eating by animals > feed (of animals) [verb (intransitive)]
baitc1386
feeda1387
relievec1475
victual1577
(to be) on the feed1867
1577 T. Tusser Points Huswifrie (new ed.) f. 17, in Fiue Hundreth Points Good Husbandry (new ed.) At Meales my friende, who vittleth here,..shall both be sure of better chere, & skape with lesser cost.
1587 G. Turberville Tragicall Tales f. 55v When..euery man at boorde Had vittled well, and all was whiste.
1622 J. Mabbe tr. M. Alemán Rogue i. 38 In houses, where men vittaile vpon the way, a man shall meete many times with a bare couple of Hens.
1823 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto VII xlviii. 89 As a..bell-wether [will] form the flock's connection By tinkling sounds, when they go forth to victual.
1869 R. D. Blackmore Lorna Doone I. iii. 36 Soon we found Peggy and Smiler [sc. the horses] in company,..victualling where the grass was good.
b. To lay in or obtain a supply of victuals.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > providing or receiving food > supply with food [verb (intransitive)] > supply with provisions > obtain provisions
victual?1615
?1615 G. Chapman tr. Homer Odysses (new ed.) iii. 418 When he (there victling well, and store of gold Aboard his ships brought) his wild way did hold.
1655 in E. Nicholas Nicholas Papers (1892) II. 322 Others [say] that he hath only victualed or taken in fresh water in those partes and is gone southward.
a1687 W. Petty Polit. Arithm. (1691) iii. 61 Because the French cannot Victual so cheap as the English, and Dutch, nor Sail with so few Hands.
1709 London Gaz. No. 4582/3 Men belonging to Ships which are..Cleaning, Refitting, or Victualling at the Ports.
1725 D. Defoe New Voy. round World i. 49 Which was a Voyage of such a Length that no Ship could victual for.
Derivatives
ˈvictualled adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > providing or receiving food > [adjective] > supplied with provisions
provisioned1692
victualled1855
1855 C. Kingsley Westward Ho! xxxii Some five and twenty of the soundest and best victualled ships.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1917; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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n.1303v.c1380