vesseln.¹

Brit.

/ˈvɛsl/, U.S.

/ˈvɛs(ə)l/

Forms: α. Middle English, 1500s vessele (Middle English wessele), Middle English vesselle (Middle English wess-), vessale; Middle English vescel, vessil, Middle English– vessel (Middle English wessel, uessel, Middle English, 1500s fessel), Middle English–1600s vessell ( wessell, Middle English fessell); Middle English vesseal, Middle English veseal, vessall. β. ScottishMiddle English vyscele, weschele, Middle English–1500s weschale, veschale, Middle English wes(s)chael(le; Middle English wischeall, Middle English–1500s veschall (Middle English wesch-, vessche-), 1500s weschail; Middle English–1500s wesch-, Middle English–1600s veschell (1500s vessch-), 1500s veshel, 1600s–1700s veshell. γ. Middle English, 1600s vessayle, Middle English veassayle, vessaile. δ. Middle English vayssel, vaissel.

Etymology: < (1) Anglo-Norman and Old French vessel, Old French vesseal, vaissel, vaisseau, etc. (modern French vaisseau ) masculine, = Provençal vaisel , Spanish vasillo , Italian vascello < Latin vascellum small vase or urn, ship, etc., diminutive of vās vas n.; (2) Anglo-Norman and Old French vessele, veselle, Old French vasselle, wasselle, vaissele, etc. (modern French vaisselle) feminine, representing the Latin plural vascella and used in a collective sense.

†a. In collective singular: Vessels or utensils for the table or for use in the household, esp. those made of gold or silver; = plate n. 17. Obsolete.Frequently from c1300 to c1600.

ΚΠ

α.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 6145 Fra þis folk..þe folk of israel to boru Asked silueren vessel [Gött. wessel] sere.

a1400 Coer de L. 1488 Now, styward, I warne the, Bye us vessel gret plente, Dysschys, cuppys, and sawsers, Bolles, treyes, and platers.

c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (1839) xx. 220 Alle the Vesselle, that men ben served with, in the Halle or in Chambres, ben of precious Stones.

1420 in F. J. Furnivall Fifty Earliest Eng. Wills (1882) 46 A dosen of peutre vessell.

1424 in F. J. Furnivall Fifty Earliest Eng. Wills (1882) 56 All my seluere vessell.

1477 Rolls of Parl. VI. 184/2 That Sterlyng Halpeny nor Ferthyng, shuld not be molten for Vessell.

1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. xx. 29 All his Vessell was of golde and siluer, pottis, basons, ewers, dysshes, flagons, barels, cuppes, and all other thyngis.

1587 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Iland Brit. (new ed.) iii. xi. 237/2 in Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) I Such furniture of houshold of this mettall [sc. pewter], as we commonlie call by the name of vessell, is sold vsuallie by the garnish.

1609 P. Holland tr. Ammianus Marcellinus Rom. Hist. 192 They shamed now to drinke out of earthen vessell.

1613–8 S. Daniel Coll. Hist. Eng. (1826) 107 He..made restitution of much Church vessell, that had beene taken and sold for ransome.

1664 in G. Miege Relation of Three Embassies (1669) 271 Have I..layd them in mine own beds, mine own hangings, and treated them continually in mine own Vessel?

β. c1425 Wyntoun Cron. ii. xii. 1073 Golde, siluir and wesschaelle, Cleynly made of gud metaille.c1480 (a1400) St. Mary of Egypt 1094 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 328 Þan godis blud & his body put in to weschale, þare-to worthy.1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xi. 117 All thai..that chargit war Of palȝeonys and veschall [1489 Adv. weschall] vith-all.1490 in T. Dickson Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1877) I. 132 For the caryage of the siluer vesscheall to Lythgow again Payce.1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid i. ix. 109 Siluer plait.. was brocht To set on buirdis; and weschail forgit of gold.c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) xvii. 115 Coppir bras and yrn and vthir mettellis var meltit to mak vtensel veschel necessair to serue ane houshald.a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 337 Costlie beding, weschell and naiperie according for ane king. 1627 [see Compounds a]. γ., δ.1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) ii. v. 69 He sayde that hit was better and more noble thynge to shyne in good maners than in vayssel.1605 Hist. Tryall Cheualry sig. G2 And so, sir, you that walk in pewter vessayle, like one of the worthyes, will you be rul'd by me?1820 W. Scott Monastery II. iii. 90 Every bit of vassail and silver work have we been spoiled of since Pinkie Cleugh.]

b. dialect. (See quots.)

ΚΠ

1854 A. E. Baker Gloss. Northants. Words II. 375 Vessel,..all the plates, dishes, and culinary utensils which are put into requisition during a meal. ‘Wash the vessel up.’ Never applied to a tea-service or to glasses.

1893 G. E. Dartnell & E. H. Goddard Gloss. Words Wilts. 176 To wash up the vessel is to wash up plates, dishes, &c.

a. Any article designed to serve as a receptacle for a liquid or other substance, usually one of circular section and made of some durable material; esp. a utensil of this nature in domestic use, employed in connection with the preparation or serving of food or drink, and usually of a size suitable for carrying by hand.Often with defining term preceding (sometimes hyphenated), indicating its special use, as dairy, drinking, kitchen, milk-, wine-vessel. See also air vessel n., steam-vessel n. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > container for food > [noun]

vessel1340

binc1405

butt1423

pancheon1601

preserving glass1628

conchac1660

pan-mug1688

conch1839

pankin1864

food vessel1866

food-vase1871

kuei1935

caddy1960

the world > food and drink > food > setting table > table utensils > [noun] > table-vessels

vessel1340

garnish1418

cupboarda1529

trifle1610

trencheringa1616

society > faith > artefacts > implement (general) > vessel (general) > cup > [noun]

chalicec1000

vessel1340

cupc1449

communion cup1550

ciboire1640

ciboriuma1684

the mind > possession > supply > storage > [noun] > place where anything is or may be stored > receptacle > for liquids

vata1225

vessel1340

cistern1382

reservoir1686

tank1690

pressure tank1862

storage tank1897

pillow tank1951

society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > vessel > [noun]

chellec893

fatc950

vessel1550

the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > equipment for food preparation > cooking vessel or pot > [noun]

pot?c1225

flesh-kit1575

plasma1616

vessel1719

pot-au-feu1792

cookpot1835

cooker1849

hook-pot1867

canaree1895

α.

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 235 Þe þinges þet byeþ y-halȝed, ase þe uesseles y~blissed, þe chalis, þe copereaus.

c1386 G. Chaucer Monk's Tale 204 Goth, bringeth forth the vessealx..The which my fader in his prosperite Out of the temple of Jerusalem byraft.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 13395 Iesus badd þam þan o-nan Fil þair gret wessels [Fairf. vessels] o stan O water clere.

c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) xi. 43 A vessell of gold full of manna.

c1450 MS Douce 55 f. 11 Steep hem with sugre water..in to a feyre fessell.

c1471 J. Fortescue Wks. (1869) 458 Oftyntyms his Highnesse must and will bye..Wessels, Westments, and other Ornaments for his Chapel.

1526 Bible (Tyndale) Luke v. f. lxxxij Also no man poureth newe wyne into olde vessels.

1550 in J. W. Clay North Country Wills (1908) I. 208 Such vessels, barkes, and other thinges as belonges to the tanners craft.

1577 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Islande Brit. iii. viii. f. 110/1, in R. Holinshed Chron. I Afterward putting it [sc. brawn] into close vessels, they poure..good small ale..thereto tyll it be couered.

1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 650 An earthen vessel, in which was hourded a mighty deale of Romaine coine.

1658 J. Harrington Prerogative Pop. Govt. ii. ii. 11 His Enemies breaking down his Statues,..made homely Vessels of them.

1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 121 To my great Misfortune, I had no Vessel to boil or stew any Thing.

1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Odyssey in Iliad & Odyssey II. ii. 381 Join thou the suitors, and provide, In separate vessels stow'd, all needful stores.

1831 D. Brewster Treat. Optics iii. 23 Let the board with its pedestal be placed..in a glass vessel of water.

1856 C. Dickens Little Dorrit (1857) ii. ix. 400 Bending over a steaming vessel of tea.

1907 F. P. Verney & M. M. Verney Mem. Verney Family 17th Cent. (ed. 2 reissued) I. 8 Queer tin vessels of many shapes.

proverbial.a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry V (1623) iv. iv. 65 But the saying is true, The empty vessel makes the greatest sound. in extended use.1645 J. Ussher Body of Divin. (1647) 100 The third night (as it seemeth) God caused the Waters to retire into their Vessels.β. c1425 Wyntoun Cron. v. 1458 Þat..his blude In til a weschael tycht and gude Sulde be put.a1500 Ratis Raving 101 As lekand weschell haldis no thinge, Sa opin tung has na traistinge.1561 N. Winȝet Wks. (S.T.S.) I. 94 The weschelis and ornamentis appropriat to the seruice of God.1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1895) II. 120 In dischis of daintie, in veschelis of al sortis.1756 M. Calderwood Lett. & Jrnls. (1884) 84 They immediatly put those veshells into cold water.γ. c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 1713 Þou..has hofen þy hert agaynes þe hyȝe dryȝtyn,..& now his vessayles [are] avyled in vanyte vnclene.a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sloane) (1862) 31 Lay pigges in a vessayle, with bothe hande.

b. In various figurative applications. (Cf. 3.)

ΚΠ

1303 R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne 7859 Þe Iew þey called ‘a voyde vessel’, And forsoþe, so hyt fel.

c1315 Shoreham i. 1548 Þer-fore ech man..wessche and greydy hys fessel, And do trewlyche hys charge.

1577 R. Holinshed Chron. II. 1495/1 The vessell of amitie being first broched by the Popes letters.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry V (1623) iv. 0. 3 Of a time, When creeping Murmure..Fills the wide Vessell of the Vniuerse.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) iii. i. 68 For them, the gracious Duncan haue I murther'd; Put Rancours in the Vessell of my Peace Onely for them.

a1650 T. May Old Couple v Gently, my joys distil Lest you do break the vessel you should fill.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost xii. 559 Greatly instructed I shall hence depart..and have my fill Of knowledge, what this vessel can containe.

1883 H. Drummond Nat. Law in Spiritual World (1884) 270 Who will not willingly exchange his shallow vessel for Christ's well of living water?

c. The contents of a vessel; a vesselful. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > measurement > the scientific measurement of volume > measure(s) of capacity > amount defined by capacity > [noun] > amount which fills a vessel

vessel1526

vesselful1860

1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection ii. sig. Hiiii^v The vyntenar gyueth freely..a taste of his wyne, though he gyue nat y^e hole vessel at ones.

1609 J. Skene tr. Stat. William in Regiam Majestatem 3 Ane free man..sall gif for multure at the milne the sextene veshell.

†d. Architecture. (See quot. 1704 and vase n. 1b) Obsolete. rare.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > architectural ornament > [noun] > ornaments on pediments or cornices

crotchetc1394

crocket1677

vessel1704

vase1706

blocking-course1761

acroter1829

crocketing1851

1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Vessels, in Architecture, are certain Ornaments, usually set over the Cornices, and so named, because they represent divers sorts of Vessels, which were in use among the Ancients.

†e. slang. The nose. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > nose > [noun]

noseeOE

naseeOE

nebeOE

billa1000

nesec1175

grunyie?a1513

gnomon1582

nib1585

proboscis1631

handle to (also of, on) one's face1675

snot-gall1685

nozzle1689

bowsprit1690

smeller1699

snitch1699

trunk1699

vessel1813

index1817

conk1819

sneezer1820

scent box1826

snorter1829

snuff-box1829

bugle1847

beak1854

nasal1854

sniffer1858

boko1859

snoot1861

snorer1891

horn1893

spectacles-seat1895

razzo1899

beezer1915

schnozzle1926

schnozzola1929

schnozz1930

snozzle1930

honker1942

hooter1958

1813 Sporting Mag. 41 170 There d——n your eyes, I've tapped your vessel.

3. figurative (chiefly in or after Biblical use).

a. Said of a person regarded as having the containing capacity or function of a vessel. Frequently const. of (a condition, quality, etc.). Now archaic.For the phr. the weaker vessel, see weak adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > person > [noun] > as having character or qualities

thingc1225

headc1300

vesselc1384

soul1498

sprite?1507

spirit1559

stick1682

character1749

fish1751

hand1756

subject1797

person1807

good1809

specimen1817

a (bad, good, etc.) sortc1869

proposition1894

cookie1913

type1922

city1946

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) 2 Tim. ii. 21 He schal be a vessel halwid into honour, and profytable to the Lord.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 19674 Þou ga til him [sc. Paul], he es me lele, And o mi chesing he es wessele.

a1400 N.T. (Paues) Acts ix. 15 For he es maked vnto me a vessel of choos forto bere my name bifore kenges ande folke.

a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Gen. xlix. 5 Symeon and Leuy,..fiȝtynge vessils of wickidnesse.

1451 J. Capgrave Life St. Gilbert xxxvii. 115 [They] came on-to þe graue wher..Gilbertes body was hid, and..þei lifte up þat holy uessel of God.

1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection i. sig. Fiii^v Therfore let vs apply our wylles at all tymes, to be vesselles of grace.

1552 D. Lindsay Dreme 254 The cursit Empriour Nero, Off euerilk vice the horrabyll weschell.

1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. xlix. 103 We know there are vessels of wrath.

a1629 W. Hinde Faithfull Remonstr. (1641) ii. 6 If he [God] had a purpose to reserve him as a vessell of honor, and for his own house.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ix. 89 Him after long debate..his final sentence chose Fit Vessel, fittest Imp of fraud, in whom To enter.

1738 J. Wesley Coll. Psalms & Hymns (new ed.) lvi. v And cast into the burning Lake The Vessels of thine Ire.

1773 H. Chapone Lett. Improvem. Mind I. 93 We know not whether..they might not prove..chosen vessels to promote the honour of God.

1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe III. viii. 185 Nature..grieves that so goodly a form should be a vessel of perdition.

1837 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers li. 561 It makes a vessel's heart bleed!

1905 A. I. Shand Days of Past vii. 129 As for the archbishop, he was a seasoned vessel.

†b. Said of the body, esp. as the receptacle of the soul. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > [noun]

lichamc888

bodyeOE

earthOE

lichOE

bone houseOE

dustc1000

fleshOE

utter mana1050

bonesOE

bodiȝlichc1175

bouka1225

bellyc1275

slimec1315

corpsec1325

vesselc1360

tabernaclec1374

carrion1377

corsec1386

personc1390

claya1400

carcass1406

lump of claya1425

sensuality?a1425

corpusc1440

God's imagea1450

bulka1475

natural body1526

outward man1526

quarrons1567

blood bulk1570

skinfula1592

flesh-rind1593

clod1595

anatomy1597

veil1598

microcosm1601

machine1604

outwall1608

lay part1609

machina1612

cabinet1614

automaton1644

case1655

mud wall1662

structure1671

soul case1683

incarnation1745

personality1748

personage1785

man1830

embodiment1850

flesh-stuff1855

corporeity1865

chassis1930

soma1958

c1360 Know Thyself 4 in Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 130 Vche cristen creature knowen hym self ouht His oune vessel.

1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) 1 Pet. iii. 7 Ȝeuynge honour to the wommans vessel, or body.

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) 1 Thess. iv. 4 That ech of ȝou kunne welde his vessel in makynge hooly, or hoolynesse, and honour.

?1533 G. Du Wes Introductorie for to lerne Frenche sig. Ddi The body..is the vessell of the soule.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) 2 Esdras iv. 11 How shulde thy vessel then be able to comprehende the waye of the Hyest?

1610 J. Healey tr. St. Augustine Citie of God xiv. xxiii. 526 The seede of generation should haue beene sowne in the vessell, as corne is now in the fielde.

a1629 W. Hinde Faithfull Remonstr. (1641) vii. 28 They possessed their vessels in holinesse, and in honour.

1704 J. Swift Disc. Mech. Operat. Spirit ii, in Tale of Tub 310 The Saint felt his Vessel full extended in every Part.

†c. In other Biblical uses (see quots.). Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1340 R. Rolle Psalter vii. 14 And þare in he has redid vessels of ded [L. vasa mortis]; his aruys till brennand he made. [So in Wyclif (1382).]

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) 1 Macc. xiv. 10 The citees he..ordeynyde..that thei weren vessels of strengthing.

1545 R. Ascham Toxophilus i. f. 30 Dauid in the Psalmes calleth bowes the vessels of death.

1610 Bible (Douay) II. 1 Macc. xiv. 10 He gave victuals to the citie, and he appointed them that they should be vessels of munition.

a. Any structure designed to float upon and traverse the water for the carriage of persons or goods; a craft or ship of any kind, now usually one larger than a rowing boat and often restricted to seagoing craft or those plying upon the larger rivers or lakes.Frequently with distinctive premodifiers, as bomb-, fishing, gun-, machine-, sailing-, steam-, trading-, transport-, war-vessel, etc.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > [noun]

shipc725

beamOE

boardOE

bargea1300

steera1300

vessela1300

treea1382

loomc1400

man1473

ark1477

bottom1490

keela1547

riverboat1565

craft1578

pine1592

class1596

flood-bickerer1599

pitchboard1599

stern-bearer1599

wooden horse1599

wooden isle1603

water treader?1615

water house1616

watercraft1618

machine1637

prore1642

lightman1666

embarkation1690

bark1756

prowa1771

Mudian1813

bastiment1823

hooker1823

nymph1876

M.F.V.1948

α.

a1300 Cursor Mundi 1662 Bot ar i wil mi wengeaunce tak I wil þat þou a wessel mak... A schippe be-houes þe to dight.

1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 197 Hire Schip goth in among hem alle,..And hath the vessell undergete, Which Maister was of al the Flete.

1452 Wars Eng. in France (Rolls) II. 477 Ordeyne as meny shippes and vessels of thoo that bylonge to oure port of A. as ye shal mowe.

1490 Caxton's Blanchardyn & Eglantine (1962) xxxv. 131 Blanchardyn drew hymsylf aside wyth-in his vessell.

c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) xxxv. 110 Sum maner of shyppe or wessell to passe ouer y^e see.

1590 J. Smythe Certain Disc. Weapons 12 All the long boates and vessells of oares for the landing of men.

1606 Bp. J. Hall Medit. & Vowes III. lxii. 115 A little sayle to a large vessell riddes no way.

1683 in Colonial Rec. Pennsylvania (1852) I. 69 All Ships and Vessells vnder 10 Tunns..to pay no fees.

1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine Vessel, a general name given to the different sorts of ships... It is, however, more particularly applied to those of the smaller kind, furnished with one or two masts.

a1771 T. Gray Statius in Mem. (1775) 9 Where..parting surges round the vessel roar.

1836 F. Marryat Mr. Midshipman Easy II. iii. 65 All the varieties of vessels which float upon the wave.

1844 A. W. Kinglake Eothen vi. 85 I knew enough of Greek navigation to be sure that our vessel would cling to Earth.

1889 J. J. Welch Text Bk. Naval Archit. 13 For ships of ordinary form (including probably the great majority of vessels).

figurative.a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) iv. ii. 321 Damn'd Pisanio, Hath with his forged Letters..From this most brauest vessell of the world Strooke the maine top! Oh Posthumus, alas, Where is thy head?1782 W. Cowper Hope in Poems 150 Hope, as an anchor,..holds fast The Christian vessel, and defies the blast.1876 G. O. Trevelyan Life & Lett. Macaulay I. v. 250 In 1832 the vessel of Reform was still labouring heavily.in extended use.1882 F. M. Crawford Mr. Isaacs i. 6 And every variety of horseflesh may be seen,..from Lord Stephen Kildare's thoroughbreds to the broad-sterned equestrian vessel of Mr. Currie Ghyrkins.β. c1480 (a1400) St. Martha 106 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 288 Bot for na vyscele wes þane nere, he enterit in riuere faste, & swemand ay.1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) xii. l. 326 He, A weschell gat and maid him to the se.a1568 R. Sempill in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xlvi. 25 A fair vesschell abone þe watter.1609 Reg. Mag. Sig. Scot. 71/1 The dewtie of coqueitis, entres of shipis, barkis, crearis and wtheris veshellis.γ. c1460 J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. (1885) vi. 123 To borde with carrikkes and oþer grete vessailes.1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur viii. vi. 282 He commaunded his seruaunt Gouernayle to goo to his vessaile ageyne.1497 in M. Oppenheim Naval Accts. & Inventories Henry VII (1896) 250 The seid veassayle fyrst freight at London with cordage.δ. 1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Hist. Jason (1913) 101 The said vaissels & ships were blowen vnto the perrillous yle of Colchos.

†b. In collective singular. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > [noun] > collectively

navya1375

navire1429

vessel1436

navinc1480

navigation?1589

shipping1591

water carriage1612

tonnage1633

craft1644

marine1669

1436 Libel Eng. Policy in Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 160 The haven of Sluse,..Where many wessell and fayre arne abydynge.

1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) x. l. 55 Sum fled to Tay and in small weschell ȝeid.

c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 13996 Whan Eneas was exiled, euyn were his shippes Two hundreth full hole, all of hede vessell.

c. An airship or hovercraft.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > balloons and airships > [noun] > airship

ship1679

airship1817

air sailor1834

navigable1882

dirigible1885

Zeppelin1896

aeronat1903

steerable1908

Zepp1914

vessel1915

1915 Sphere 3 Apr. 22/1 The long covering of the balloon seemed to have been broken. Some people were running beside the vessel.

1916 Sphere 18 Mar. 293/1 As an airship rises it encounters air which has less supporting power, and ultimately..the vessel floats in equilibrium.

1957 I. Asimov Naked Sun ix. 93 Baley was in an air-borne vessel again, as he had been on that trip from New York to Washington.

1972 Daily Tel. 25 Apr. 1/4 British Rail's hovercraft Princess Anne made an emergency landing on a sandbank yesterday... The vessel was beached at Andressells, eight miles north of Boulogne.

a. Anatomy and Zoology. One of the membranous canals, ducts, or tubes in which the fluids of the body are contained and by means of which they are circulated; frequently, a blood vessel.Often with distinctive modifier, as blood-, iliac, lymphatic, pulmonary, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > vascular system > [noun] > vessel

waya1382

vessel1398

vas1578

watercourse1615

aqueduct1712

path1904

1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) iv. vii. 90 Veynes ben the vessels of blode.

1577 Vicary's Profitable Treat. Anat. sig. B.iv There is no more difference betweene these two vessels of blood, but that the Artere is a vessel of blood spiritual or vytal.

1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 113 The double membrane of this mesenterie doth inclose and sustaine the vessels which runne through it.

1656 A. Cowley Davideis iv. 135 in Poems A nimble thrust his active En'emy made,..And opened wide those secret vessels, where Life's Light goes out, when first they let in aire.

1691 J. Ray Wisdom of God 216 All the Bones, and all the Muscles, and all the Vessels of the Body.

1732 J. Arbuthnot Pract. Rules of Diet i. 279 In short, whatever relaxeth the too strict Vessels, or straitens the too lax,..is a Cordial.

1793 T. Holcroft tr. J. C. Lavater Ess. Physiognomy (abridged ed.) xii. 65 Vessels everywhere penetrate the bones, supplying them with juices and marrow.

1831 R. Knox tr. H. Cloquet Syst. Human Anat. (ed. 2) 5 The Vessels..are canals which divide and subdivide into branches, are more or less elastic, and are formed by the superposition of different membranes. They are distinguished according to their uses and general disposition into Arteries, Veins, and Lymphatic Vessels.

1871 T. H. Green Introd. Pathol. & Morbid Anat. 286 Portions of new growths,..which having perforated the vessels, have been carried away by the current.

1888 W. R. Gowers Man. Dis. Nerv. Syst. II. iv. 388 If a clot forms in an artery it may be detached..and may obstruct the vessel further on.

b. Botany. One of the cellular or tubular structures composing the vascular system of plants and having the function of containing or carrying sap or other secretion; a duct.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > cell or aggregate tissue > [noun] > tissue > vessel(s)

vesicle1670

vessel1672

air vessel1673

tubule1677

vesicula1705

absorbent1734

follicle1760

vital vessels1832

spiral1837

vas1843

vacuole1853

cyst1866

1672 N. Grew Anat. Veg. iii. 90 Of the Lignous body it is so apparent by its Pores, or rather by its Vessels, that we need no farther evidence. For as to what end are Vessels but for the conveyance of Liquor?

1731 P. Miller Gardeners Dict. I. at Vegetable Bulk for Bulk, the Plant imbibes into its Vessels 17 times more Fluid than the Quantity of the Chyle which enters into a Man's Vessels.

1787 G. Winter New Syst. Husbandry 93 Air..passes..into the absorbent vessels of the root.

1796 W. Withering Arrangem. Brit. Plants (ed. 3) I. 368 The leaf has no rib, but seems composed of vessels equally dispersed.

1842 J. C. Loudon Suburban Horticulturist 40 Whenever the sap in the vessels of a plant freezes, they become ruptured and the plant dies.

1875 C. Darwin Insectivorous Plants xii. 285 Some of the vessels are barred and punctured instead of being spiral.

6. Botany. = pericarp n. rare.Common in the comb. seed-vessel: see seed n. Compounds 3.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > seed > seed-vessel or pericarp > [noun]

knop1398

seed vessel1562

pouch1577

bottle1609

uterus1682

pericarpium1691

vessel1691

pericarp1759

crust1776

1691 J. Ray Wisdom of God 83 Such Mosses as grow upon Walls,..and other high Places, have Seeds so excessively small, that when shaken out of their Vessels they appear like Vapor.

1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Vasculiferous Plants, are..such as have besides the common Calyx or Flower Cup, a peculiar Vessel or Case to contain their Seed.]

Compounds

attributive and in other combinations.

a. In senses 1, 2, as vessel ambry, vessel-cleaner, vessel cloth, vessel house, vessel maker, vessel-man, vessel stuff. Chiefly Scottish. vessel-bearing, defining vasiferous (vasiferous adj.), is given by Coles (1676) and Bailey (1721).

ΚΠ

a1475 Bk. Curtasye (Sloane 1986) l. 367 in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 310 For wesselle clothes,..Þe porter hase þat warde in holde.

1488 Acta Dom. Conc. (1839) 98/2 A weschale almery, a cop almery.

1532 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1905) VI. 39 To the court weschellmen.

1590–1 Exch. Rolls Scotl. XXII. 121 To..William Murra, aid in the vessel hous.

1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Vascellaro, a potter, or vessell maker.

1627 Reg. Decreets Sc. Admiralty Ct. I. 93 Clapeburde, pype stalves, veschell and veschell stuff, pitche, tar, rosin, etc.

1676 E. Coles Eng. Dict. at Vasiferous Vessel-bearing.

1886 R. Holland Gloss. Words County of Chester 377 Vessel-cleaner, an under dairymaid, whose business it is to clean the cheese tub, cans, and dairy apparatus.

b. In sense 5, as vessel-dilator, vessel-sheath, vessel-wall.

ΚΠ

1879 St. George's Hosp. Rep. 9 428 In the right lateral sinus, where the clot was adherent to the vessel-wall.

1896 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. I. 234 Vessel dilators are of special use.

1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VIII. 609 A proliferative inflammation of the vessel-sheaths.

c. In sense 4, as vessel-load, vessel man, etc.

ΚΠ

1894 Pop. Sci. Monthly Feb. 483 The first Russian crew which ‘rescued’ a vessel-load of Circassians on their way to Turkey.

1898 Daily Tel. 6 Jan. 10/7 Other couriers were despatched to see the railroads and the vessel men.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1917; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	vessel
释义	vesseln.¹ Brit. /ˈvɛsl/, U.S. /ˈvɛs(ə)l/ Forms: α. Middle English, 1500s vessele (Middle English wessele), Middle English vesselle (Middle English wess-), vessale; Middle English vescel, vessil, Middle English– vessel (Middle English wessel, uessel, Middle English, 1500s fessel), Middle English–1600s vessell ( wessell, Middle English fessell); Middle English vesseal, Middle English veseal, vessall. β. ScottishMiddle English vyscele, weschele, Middle English–1500s weschale, veschale, Middle English wes(s)chael(le; Middle English wischeall, Middle English–1500s veschall (Middle English wesch-, vessche-), 1500s weschail; Middle English–1500s wesch-, Middle English–1600s veschell (1500s vessch-), 1500s veshel, 1600s–1700s veshell. γ. Middle English, 1600s vessayle, Middle English veassayle, vessaile. δ. Middle English vayssel, vaissel. Etymology: < (1) Anglo-Norman and Old French vessel, Old French vesseal, vaissel, vaisseau, etc. (modern French vaisseau ) masculine, = Provençal vaisel , Spanish vasillo , Italian vascello < Latin vascellum small vase or urn, ship, etc., diminutive of vās vas n.; (2) Anglo-Norman and Old French vessele, veselle, Old French vasselle, wasselle, vaissele, etc. (modern French vaisselle) feminine, representing the Latin plural vascella and used in a collective sense. 1. †a. In collective singular: Vessels or utensils for the table or for use in the household, esp. those made of gold or silver; = plate n. 17. Obsolete.Frequently from c1300 to c1600. ΚΠ α. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 6145 Fra þis folk..þe folk of israel to boru Asked silueren vessel [Gött. wessel] sere. a1400 Coer de L. 1488 Now, styward, I warne the, Bye us vessel gret plente, Dysschys, cuppys, and sawsers, Bolles, treyes, and platers. c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (1839) xx. 220 Alle the Vesselle, that men ben served with, in the Halle or in Chambres, ben of precious Stones. 1420 in F. J. Furnivall Fifty Earliest Eng. Wills (1882) 46 A dosen of peutre vessell. 1424 in F. J. Furnivall Fifty Earliest Eng. Wills (1882) 56 All my seluere vessell. 1477 Rolls of Parl. VI. 184/2 That Sterlyng Halpeny nor Ferthyng, shuld not be molten for Vessell. 1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. xx. 29 All his Vessell was of golde and siluer, pottis, basons, ewers, dysshes, flagons, barels, cuppes, and all other thyngis. 1587 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Iland Brit. (new ed.) iii. xi. 237/2 in Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) I Such furniture of houshold of this mettall [sc. pewter], as we commonlie call by the name of vessell, is sold vsuallie by the garnish. 1609 P. Holland tr. Ammianus Marcellinus Rom. Hist. 192 They shamed now to drinke out of earthen vessell. 1613–8 S. Daniel Coll. Hist. Eng. (1826) 107 He..made restitution of much Church vessell, that had beene taken and sold for ransome. 1664 in G. Miege Relation of Three Embassies (1669) 271 Have I..layd them in mine own beds, mine own hangings, and treated them continually in mine own Vessel? β. c1425 Wyntoun Cron. ii. xii. 1073 Golde, siluir and wesschaelle, Cleynly made of gud metaille.c1480 (a1400) St. Mary of Egypt 1094 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 328 Þan godis blud & his body put in to weschale, þare-to worthy.1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xi. 117 All thai..that chargit war Of palȝeonys and veschall [1489 Adv. weschall] vith-all.1490 in T. Dickson Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1877) I. 132 For the caryage of the siluer vesscheall to Lythgow again Payce.1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid i. ix. 109 Siluer plait.. was brocht To set on buirdis; and weschail forgit of gold.c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) xvii. 115 Coppir bras and yrn and vthir mettellis var meltit to mak vtensel veschel necessair to serue ane houshald.a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 337 Costlie beding, weschell and naiperie according for ane king. 1627 [see Compounds a]. γ., δ.1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) ii. v. 69 He sayde that hit was better and more noble thynge to shyne in good maners than in vayssel.1605 Hist. Tryall Cheualry sig. G2 And so, sir, you that walk in pewter vessayle, like one of the worthyes, will you be rul'd by me?1820 W. Scott Monastery II. iii. 90 Every bit of vassail and silver work have we been spoiled of since Pinkie Cleugh.] b. dialect. (See quots.) ΚΠ 1854 A. E. Baker Gloss. Northants. Words II. 375 Vessel,..all the plates, dishes, and culinary utensils which are put into requisition during a meal. ‘Wash the vessel up.’ Never applied to a tea-service or to glasses. 1893 G. E. Dartnell & E. H. Goddard Gloss. Words Wilts. 176 To wash up the vessel is to wash up plates, dishes, &c. 2. a. Any article designed to serve as a receptacle for a liquid or other substance, usually one of circular section and made of some durable material; esp. a utensil of this nature in domestic use, employed in connection with the preparation or serving of food or drink, and usually of a size suitable for carrying by hand.Often with defining term preceding (sometimes hyphenated), indicating its special use, as dairy, drinking, kitchen, milk-, wine-vessel. See also air vessel n., steam-vessel n. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > container for food > [noun] vessel1340 binc1405 butt1423 pancheon1601 preserving glass1628 conchac1660 pan-mug1688 conch1839 pankin1864 food vessel1866 food-vase1871 kuei1935 caddy1960 the world > food and drink > food > setting table > table utensils > [noun] > table-vessels vessel1340 garnish1418 cupboarda1529 trifle1610 trencheringa1616 society > faith > artefacts > implement (general) > vessel (general) > cup > [noun] chalicec1000 vessel1340 cupc1449 communion cup1550 ciboire1640 ciboriuma1684 the mind > possession > supply > storage > [noun] > place where anything is or may be stored > receptacle > for liquids vata1225 vessel1340 cistern1382 reservoir1686 tank1690 pressure tank1862 storage tank1897 pillow tank1951 society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > vessel > [noun] chellec893 fatc950 vessel1550 the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > equipment for food preparation > cooking vessel or pot > [noun] pot?c1225 flesh-kit1575 plasma1616 vessel1719 pot-au-feu1792 cookpot1835 cooker1849 hook-pot1867 canaree1895 α. 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 235 Þe þinges þet byeþ y-halȝed, ase þe uesseles y~blissed, þe chalis, þe copereaus. c1386 G. Chaucer Monk's Tale 204 Goth, bringeth forth the vessealx..The which my fader in his prosperite Out of the temple of Jerusalem byraft. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 13395 Iesus badd þam þan o-nan Fil þair gret wessels [Fairf. vessels] o stan O water clere. c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) xi. 43 A vessell of gold full of manna. c1450 MS Douce 55 f. 11 Steep hem with sugre water..in to a feyre fessell. c1471 J. Fortescue Wks. (1869) 458 Oftyntyms his Highnesse must and will bye..Wessels, Westments, and other Ornaments for his Chapel. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Luke v. f. lxxxij Also no man poureth newe wyne into olde vessels. 1550 in J. W. Clay North Country Wills (1908) I. 208 Such vessels, barkes, and other thinges as belonges to the tanners craft. 1577 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Islande Brit. iii. viii. f. 110/1, in R. Holinshed Chron. I Afterward putting it [sc. brawn] into close vessels, they poure..good small ale..thereto tyll it be couered. 1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 650 An earthen vessel, in which was hourded a mighty deale of Romaine coine. 1658 J. Harrington Prerogative Pop. Govt. ii. ii. 11 His Enemies breaking down his Statues,..made homely Vessels of them. 1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 121 To my great Misfortune, I had no Vessel to boil or stew any Thing. 1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Odyssey in Iliad & Odyssey II. ii. 381 Join thou the suitors, and provide, In separate vessels stow'd, all needful stores. 1831 D. Brewster Treat. Optics iii. 23 Let the board with its pedestal be placed..in a glass vessel of water. 1856 C. Dickens Little Dorrit (1857) ii. ix. 400 Bending over a steaming vessel of tea. 1907 F. P. Verney & M. M. Verney Mem. Verney Family 17th Cent. (ed. 2 reissued) I. 8 Queer tin vessels of many shapes. proverbial.a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry V (1623) iv. iv. 65 But the saying is true, The empty vessel makes the greatest sound. View more context for this quotationin extended use.1645 J. Ussher Body of Divin. (1647) 100 The third night (as it seemeth) God caused the Waters to retire into their Vessels.β. c1425 Wyntoun Cron. v. 1458 Þat..his blude In til a weschael tycht and gude Sulde be put.a1500 Ratis Raving 101 As lekand weschell haldis no thinge, Sa opin tung has na traistinge.1561 N. Winȝet Wks. (S.T.S.) I. 94 The weschelis and ornamentis appropriat to the seruice of God.1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1895) II. 120 In dischis of daintie, in veschelis of al sortis.1756 M. Calderwood Lett. & Jrnls. (1884) 84 They immediatly put those veshells into cold water.γ. c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 1713 Þou..has hofen þy hert agaynes þe hyȝe dryȝtyn,..& now his vessayles [are] avyled in vanyte vnclene.a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sloane) (1862) 31 Lay pigges in a vessayle, with bothe hande. b. In various figurative applications. (Cf. 3.) ΚΠ 1303 R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne 7859 Þe Iew þey called ‘a voyde vessel’, And forsoþe, so hyt fel. c1315 Shoreham i. 1548 Þer-fore ech man..wessche and greydy hys fessel, And do trewlyche hys charge. 1577 R. Holinshed Chron. II. 1495/1 The vessell of amitie being first broched by the Popes letters. a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry V (1623) iv. 0. 3 Of a time, When creeping Murmure..Fills the wide Vessell of the Vniuerse. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) iii. i. 68 For them, the gracious Duncan haue I murther'd; Put Rancours in the Vessell of my Peace Onely for them. View more context for this quotation a1650 T. May Old Couple v Gently, my joys distil Lest you do break the vessel you should fill. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost xii. 559 Greatly instructed I shall hence depart..and have my fill Of knowledge, what this vessel can containe. View more context for this quotation 1883 H. Drummond Nat. Law in Spiritual World (1884) 270 Who will not willingly exchange his shallow vessel for Christ's well of living water? c. The contents of a vessel; a vesselful. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > measurement > the scientific measurement of volume > measure(s) of capacity > amount defined by capacity > [noun] > amount which fills a vessel vessel1526 vesselful1860 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection ii. sig. Hiiii^v The vyntenar gyueth freely..a taste of his wyne, though he gyue nat y^e hole vessel at ones. 1609 J. Skene tr. Stat. William in Regiam Majestatem 3 Ane free man..sall gif for multure at the milne the sextene veshell. †d. Architecture. (See quot. 1704 and vase n. 1b) Obsolete. rare.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > architectural ornament > [noun] > ornaments on pediments or cornices crotchetc1394 crocket1677 vessel1704 vase1706 blocking-course1761 acroter1829 crocketing1851 1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Vessels, in Architecture, are certain Ornaments, usually set over the Cornices, and so named, because they represent divers sorts of Vessels, which were in use among the Ancients. †e. slang. The nose. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > nose > [noun] noseeOE naseeOE nebeOE billa1000 nesec1175 grunyie?a1513 gnomon1582 nib1585 proboscis1631 handle to (also of, on) one's face1675 snot-gall1685 nozzle1689 bowsprit1690 smeller1699 snitch1699 trunk1699 vessel1813 index1817 conk1819 sneezer1820 scent box1826 snorter1829 snuff-box1829 bugle1847 beak1854 nasal1854 sniffer1858 boko1859 snoot1861 snorer1891 horn1893 spectacles-seat1895 razzo1899 beezer1915 schnozzle1926 schnozzola1929 schnozz1930 snozzle1930 honker1942 hooter1958 1813 Sporting Mag. 41 170 There d——n your eyes, I've tapped your vessel. 3. figurative (chiefly in or after Biblical use). a. Said of a person regarded as having the containing capacity or function of a vessel. Frequently const. of (a condition, quality, etc.). Now archaic.For the phr. the weaker vessel, see weak adj. ΘΚΠ the world > people > person > [noun] > as having character or qualities thingc1225 headc1300 vesselc1384 soul1498 sprite?1507 spirit1559 stick1682 character1749 fish1751 hand1756 subject1797 person1807 good1809 specimen1817 a (bad, good, etc.) sortc1869 proposition1894 cookie1913 type1922 city1946 c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) 2 Tim. ii. 21 He schal be a vessel halwid into honour, and profytable to the Lord. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 19674 Þou ga til him [sc. Paul], he es me lele, And o mi chesing he es wessele. a1400 N.T. (Paues) Acts ix. 15 For he es maked vnto me a vessel of choos forto bere my name bifore kenges ande folke. a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Gen. xlix. 5 Symeon and Leuy,..fiȝtynge vessils of wickidnesse. 1451 J. Capgrave Life St. Gilbert xxxvii. 115 [They] came on-to þe graue wher..Gilbertes body was hid, and..þei lifte up þat holy uessel of God. 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection i. sig. Fiii^v Therfore let vs apply our wylles at all tymes, to be vesselles of grace. 1552 D. Lindsay Dreme 254 The cursit Empriour Nero, Off euerilk vice the horrabyll weschell. 1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. xlix. 103 We know there are vessels of wrath. a1629 W. Hinde Faithfull Remonstr. (1641) ii. 6 If he [God] had a purpose to reserve him as a vessell of honor, and for his own house. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ix. 89 Him after long debate..his final sentence chose Fit Vessel, fittest Imp of fraud, in whom To enter. View more context for this quotation 1738 J. Wesley Coll. Psalms & Hymns (new ed.) lvi. v And cast into the burning Lake The Vessels of thine Ire. 1773 H. Chapone Lett. Improvem. Mind I. 93 We know not whether..they might not prove..chosen vessels to promote the honour of God. 1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe III. viii. 185 Nature..grieves that so goodly a form should be a vessel of perdition. 1837 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers li. 561 It makes a vessel's heart bleed! 1905 A. I. Shand Days of Past vii. 129 As for the archbishop, he was a seasoned vessel. †b. Said of the body, esp. as the receptacle of the soul. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > [noun] lichamc888 bodyeOE earthOE lichOE bone houseOE dustc1000 fleshOE utter mana1050 bonesOE bodiȝlichc1175 bouka1225 bellyc1275 slimec1315 corpsec1325 vesselc1360 tabernaclec1374 carrion1377 corsec1386 personc1390 claya1400 carcass1406 lump of claya1425 sensuality?a1425 corpusc1440 God's imagea1450 bulka1475 natural body1526 outward man1526 quarrons1567 blood bulk1570 skinfula1592 flesh-rind1593 clod1595 anatomy1597 veil1598 microcosm1601 machine1604 outwall1608 lay part1609 machina1612 cabinet1614 automaton1644 case1655 mud wall1662 structure1671 soul case1683 incarnation1745 personality1748 personage1785 man1830 embodiment1850 flesh-stuff1855 corporeity1865 chassis1930 soma1958 c1360 Know Thyself 4 in Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 130 Vche cristen creature knowen hym self ouht His oune vessel. 1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) 1 Pet. iii. 7 Ȝeuynge honour to the wommans vessel, or body. c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) 1 Thess. iv. 4 That ech of ȝou kunne welde his vessel in makynge hooly, or hoolynesse, and honour. ?1533 G. Du Wes Introductorie for to lerne Frenche sig. Ddi The body..is the vessell of the soule. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) 2 Esdras iv. 11 How shulde thy vessel then be able to comprehende the waye of the Hyest? 1610 J. Healey tr. St. Augustine Citie of God xiv. xxiii. 526 The seede of generation should haue beene sowne in the vessell, as corne is now in the fielde. a1629 W. Hinde Faithfull Remonstr. (1641) vii. 28 They possessed their vessels in holinesse, and in honour. 1704 J. Swift Disc. Mech. Operat. Spirit ii, in Tale of Tub 310 The Saint felt his Vessel full extended in every Part. †c. In other Biblical uses (see quots.). Obsolete. ΚΠ 1340 R. Rolle Psalter vii. 14 And þare in he has redid vessels of ded [L. vasa mortis]; his aruys till brennand he made. [So in Wyclif (1382).] c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) 1 Macc. xiv. 10 The citees he..ordeynyde..that thei weren vessels of strengthing. 1545 R. Ascham Toxophilus i. f. 30 Dauid in the Psalmes calleth bowes the vessels of death. 1610 Bible (Douay) II. 1 Macc. xiv. 10 He gave victuals to the citie, and he appointed them that they should be vessels of munition. 4. a. Any structure designed to float upon and traverse the water for the carriage of persons or goods; a craft or ship of any kind, now usually one larger than a rowing boat and often restricted to seagoing craft or those plying upon the larger rivers or lakes.Frequently with distinctive premodifiers, as bomb-, fishing, gun-, machine-, sailing-, steam-, trading-, transport-, war-vessel, etc. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > [noun] shipc725 beamOE boardOE bargea1300 steera1300 vessela1300 treea1382 loomc1400 man1473 ark1477 bottom1490 keela1547 riverboat1565 craft1578 pine1592 class1596 flood-bickerer1599 pitchboard1599 stern-bearer1599 wooden horse1599 wooden isle1603 water treader?1615 water house1616 watercraft1618 machine1637 prore1642 lightman1666 embarkation1690 bark1756 prowa1771 Mudian1813 bastiment1823 hooker1823 nymph1876 M.F.V.1948 α. a1300 Cursor Mundi 1662 Bot ar i wil mi wengeaunce tak I wil þat þou a wessel mak... A schippe be-houes þe to dight. 1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 197 Hire Schip goth in among hem alle,..And hath the vessell undergete, Which Maister was of al the Flete. 1452 Wars Eng. in France (Rolls) II. 477 Ordeyne as meny shippes and vessels of thoo that bylonge to oure port of A. as ye shal mowe. 1490 Caxton's Blanchardyn & Eglantine (1962) xxxv. 131 Blanchardyn drew hymsylf aside wyth-in his vessell. c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) xxxv. 110 Sum maner of shyppe or wessell to passe ouer y^e see. 1590 J. Smythe Certain Disc. Weapons 12 All the long boates and vessells of oares for the landing of men. 1606 Bp. J. Hall Medit. & Vowes III. lxii. 115 A little sayle to a large vessell riddes no way. 1683 in Colonial Rec. Pennsylvania (1852) I. 69 All Ships and Vessells vnder 10 Tunns..to pay no fees. 1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine Vessel, a general name given to the different sorts of ships... It is, however, more particularly applied to those of the smaller kind, furnished with one or two masts. a1771 T. Gray Statius in Mem. (1775) 9 Where..parting surges round the vessel roar. 1836 F. Marryat Mr. Midshipman Easy II. iii. 65 All the varieties of vessels which float upon the wave. 1844 A. W. Kinglake Eothen vi. 85 I knew enough of Greek navigation to be sure that our vessel would cling to Earth. 1889 J. J. Welch Text Bk. Naval Archit. 13 For ships of ordinary form (including probably the great majority of vessels). figurative.a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) iv. ii. 321 Damn'd Pisanio, Hath with his forged Letters..From this most brauest vessell of the world Strooke the maine top! Oh Posthumus, alas, Where is thy head?1782 W. Cowper Hope in Poems 150 Hope, as an anchor,..holds fast The Christian vessel, and defies the blast.1876 G. O. Trevelyan Life & Lett. Macaulay I. v. 250 In 1832 the vessel of Reform was still labouring heavily.in extended use.1882 F. M. Crawford Mr. Isaacs i. 6 And every variety of horseflesh may be seen,..from Lord Stephen Kildare's thoroughbreds to the broad-sterned equestrian vessel of Mr. Currie Ghyrkins.β. c1480 (a1400) St. Martha 106 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 288 Bot for na vyscele wes þane nere, he enterit in riuere faste, & swemand ay.1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) xii. l. 326 He, A weschell gat and maid him to the se.a1568 R. Sempill in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xlvi. 25 A fair vesschell abone þe watter.1609 Reg. Mag. Sig. Scot. 71/1 The dewtie of coqueitis, entres of shipis, barkis, crearis and wtheris veshellis.γ. c1460 J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. (1885) vi. 123 To borde with carrikkes and oþer grete vessailes.1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur viii. vi. 282 He commaunded his seruaunt Gouernayle to goo to his vessaile ageyne.1497 in M. Oppenheim Naval Accts. & Inventories Henry VII (1896) 250 The seid veassayle fyrst freight at London with cordage.δ. 1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Hist. Jason (1913) 101 The said vaissels & ships were blowen vnto the perrillous yle of Colchos. †b. In collective singular. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > [noun] > collectively navya1375 navire1429 vessel1436 navinc1480 navigation?1589 shipping1591 water carriage1612 tonnage1633 craft1644 marine1669 1436 Libel Eng. Policy in Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 160 The haven of Sluse,..Where many wessell and fayre arne abydynge. 1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) x. l. 55 Sum fled to Tay and in small weschell ȝeid. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 13996 Whan Eneas was exiled, euyn were his shippes Two hundreth full hole, all of hede vessell. c. An airship or hovercraft. ΘΚΠ society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > balloons and airships > [noun] > airship ship1679 airship1817 air sailor1834 navigable1882 dirigible1885 Zeppelin1896 aeronat1903 steerable1908 Zepp1914 vessel1915 1915 Sphere 3 Apr. 22/1 The long covering of the balloon seemed to have been broken. Some people were running beside the vessel. 1916 Sphere 18 Mar. 293/1 As an airship rises it encounters air which has less supporting power, and ultimately..the vessel floats in equilibrium. 1957 I. Asimov Naked Sun ix. 93 Baley was in an air-borne vessel again, as he had been on that trip from New York to Washington. 1972 Daily Tel. 25 Apr. 1/4 British Rail's hovercraft Princess Anne made an emergency landing on a sandbank yesterday... The vessel was beached at Andressells, eight miles north of Boulogne. 5. a. Anatomy and Zoology. One of the membranous canals, ducts, or tubes in which the fluids of the body are contained and by means of which they are circulated; frequently, a blood vessel.Often with distinctive modifier, as blood-, iliac, lymphatic, pulmonary, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > vascular system > [noun] > vessel waya1382 vessel1398 vas1578 watercourse1615 aqueduct1712 path1904 1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) iv. vii. 90 Veynes ben the vessels of blode. 1577 Vicary's Profitable Treat. Anat. sig. B.iv There is no more difference betweene these two vessels of blood, but that the Artere is a vessel of blood spiritual or vytal. 1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 113 The double membrane of this mesenterie doth inclose and sustaine the vessels which runne through it. 1656 A. Cowley Davideis iv. 135 in Poems A nimble thrust his active En'emy made,..And opened wide those secret vessels, where Life's Light goes out, when first they let in aire. 1691 J. Ray Wisdom of God 216 All the Bones, and all the Muscles, and all the Vessels of the Body. 1732 J. Arbuthnot Pract. Rules of Diet i. 279 In short, whatever relaxeth the too strict Vessels, or straitens the too lax,..is a Cordial. 1793 T. Holcroft tr. J. C. Lavater Ess. Physiognomy (abridged ed.) xii. 65 Vessels everywhere penetrate the bones, supplying them with juices and marrow. 1831 R. Knox tr. H. Cloquet Syst. Human Anat. (ed. 2) 5 The Vessels..are canals which divide and subdivide into branches, are more or less elastic, and are formed by the superposition of different membranes. They are distinguished according to their uses and general disposition into Arteries, Veins, and Lymphatic Vessels. 1871 T. H. Green Introd. Pathol. & Morbid Anat. 286 Portions of new growths,..which having perforated the vessels, have been carried away by the current. 1888 W. R. Gowers Man. Dis. Nerv. Syst. II. iv. 388 If a clot forms in an artery it may be detached..and may obstruct the vessel further on. b. Botany. One of the cellular or tubular structures composing the vascular system of plants and having the function of containing or carrying sap or other secretion; a duct. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > cell or aggregate tissue > [noun] > tissue > vessel(s) vesicle1670 vessel1672 air vessel1673 tubule1677 vesicula1705 absorbent1734 follicle1760 vital vessels1832 spiral1837 vas1843 vacuole1853 cyst1866 1672 N. Grew Anat. Veg. iii. 90 Of the Lignous body it is so apparent by its Pores, or rather by its Vessels, that we need no farther evidence. For as to what end are Vessels but for the conveyance of Liquor? 1731 P. Miller Gardeners Dict. I. at Vegetable Bulk for Bulk, the Plant imbibes into its Vessels 17 times more Fluid than the Quantity of the Chyle which enters into a Man's Vessels. 1787 G. Winter New Syst. Husbandry 93 Air..passes..into the absorbent vessels of the root. 1796 W. Withering Arrangem. Brit. Plants (ed. 3) I. 368 The leaf has no rib, but seems composed of vessels equally dispersed. 1842 J. C. Loudon Suburban Horticulturist 40 Whenever the sap in the vessels of a plant freezes, they become ruptured and the plant dies. 1875 C. Darwin Insectivorous Plants xii. 285 Some of the vessels are barred and punctured instead of being spiral. 6. Botany. = pericarp n. rare.Common in the comb. seed-vessel: see seed n. Compounds 3. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > seed > seed-vessel or pericarp > [noun] knop1398 seed vessel1562 pouch1577 bottle1609 uterus1682 pericarpium1691 vessel1691 pericarp1759 crust1776 1691 J. Ray Wisdom of God 83 Such Mosses as grow upon Walls,..and other high Places, have Seeds so excessively small, that when shaken out of their Vessels they appear like Vapor. 1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Vasculiferous Plants, are..such as have besides the common Calyx or Flower Cup, a peculiar Vessel or Case to contain their Seed.] Compounds attributive and in other combinations. a. In senses 1, 2, as vessel ambry, vessel-cleaner, vessel cloth, vessel house, vessel maker, vessel-man, vessel stuff. Chiefly Scottish. vessel-bearing, defining vasiferous (vasiferous adj.), is given by Coles (1676) and Bailey (1721). ΚΠ a1475 Bk. Curtasye (Sloane 1986) l. 367 in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 310 For wesselle clothes,..Þe porter hase þat warde in holde. 1488 Acta Dom. Conc. (1839) 98/2 A weschale almery, a cop almery. 1532 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1905) VI. 39 To the court weschellmen. 1590–1 Exch. Rolls Scotl. XXII. 121 To..William Murra, aid in the vessel hous. 1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Vascellaro, a potter, or vessell maker. 1627 Reg. Decreets Sc. Admiralty Ct. I. 93 Clapeburde, pype stalves, veschell and veschell stuff, pitche, tar, rosin, etc. 1676 E. Coles Eng. Dict. at Vasiferous Vessel-bearing. 1886 R. Holland Gloss. Words County of Chester 377 Vessel-cleaner, an under dairymaid, whose business it is to clean the cheese tub, cans, and dairy apparatus. b. In sense 5, as vessel-dilator, vessel-sheath, vessel-wall. ΚΠ 1879 St. George's Hosp. Rep. 9 428 In the right lateral sinus, where the clot was adherent to the vessel-wall. 1896 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. I. 234 Vessel dilators are of special use. 1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VIII. 609 A proliferative inflammation of the vessel-sheaths. c. In sense 4, as vessel-load, vessel man, etc. ΚΠ 1894 Pop. Sci. Monthly Feb. 483 The first Russian crew which ‘rescued’ a vessel-load of Circassians on their way to Turkey. 1898 Daily Tel. 6 Jan. 10/7 Other couriers were despatched to see the railroads and the vessel men. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1917; most recently modified version published online June 2022). vesseln.² Brit. /ˈvɛsl/, U.S. /ˈvɛs(ə)l/ Etymology: Of uncertain origin: connection with vessel n.¹ is not clear. vessel of paper (see quots.). ΘΚΠ society > communication > writing > writing materials > material to write on > paper > [noun] > paper of specific size paper royal1497 paper rial1501 sheet1510 demy1546 imperial1572 pot1579 lily-pot1593 grape1611 cap1620 crown paper1620 post1648 foolscap1660 bastard1711 copy1712 crown1712 Kentish cap1766 vessel of paper1790 antiquarian1815 quartern1819 quatrain1819 Albert note1846 cap-paper1854 sermon paper1855 Albert1859 columbier1875 Albert notepaper1881 cuatro1904 duchess1923 half-imperial- 1790 F. Grose Provinc. Gloss. (ed. 2) Vessel of paper, half a quarter of a sheet. a1825 R. Forby Vocab. E. Anglia (1830) a1855 W. T. Spurdens Forby's Vocab. E. Anglia (1858) III. 56 Vessel,..Lat. fasciola was used for theme-papers formerly at Bury School, and perhaps..others. 1860 Guide to Eton Gloss. Vessel, the eighth of a sheet of foolscap, on which derivations are written. 1891 R. G. K. Wrench Winchester Word-bk. 51 Vessel, a half quarter of Long-paper. 1910 Sat. Rev. 10 Dec. 751/1 Acton..made copious extracts,..written on vessels of paper specially made for him. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1917; most recently modified version published online December 2021). vesselv. Brit. /ˈvɛsl/, U.S. /ˈvɛs(ə)l/ Etymology: < vessel n.¹ Now rare or Obsolete. 1. transitive. To put or enclose (a liquid, etc.) in a vessel. Also with up. ΘΚΠ the world > space > place > placing or fact of being placed in (a) position > insertion or putting in > insert or put in [verb (transitive)] > into or as into other specific receptacles sackc1405 pokea1425 pipe1465 barrel1466 cask1562 bag1570 vessel1577 basket1582 crock1594 cade1599 maund1604 impoke1611 incask1611 inflask1611 insatchel1611 desk1615 pot1626 cooper1746 kit1769 vat1784 pannier1804 vial1805 flask1855 tub1889 ampoule1946 1577 W. Harrison Descr. Eng. (1878) iii. vi. ii. 37 Our honie..is harder, better wrought, and clenlier vesselled up, than that which commeth from beyond the sea. 1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §529 The Fourth Rule shall be, to mark what Herbs some Earths doe put forth of themselves; And to take that Earth, and to Pot it, or to Vessell it. 1640 C. Harvey Synagogue (1647) C vij b I would have this bread, This wine, Vessel'd in what the Sun might blush to shed His shine, When he should see. 1670 W. Simpson Hydrol. Ess. 129 In vesselling up and stopping in the Tunbridg-waters. in extended use.1650 T. Vaughan Anthroposophia Theomagica 2 Man had at the First, and so have all Souls before their Entrance to the Body, an explicit methodicall Knowledge, but they are noe sooner Vessel'd but that Liberty is lost. 2. To take or lift out by means of a vessel. ΘΚΠ the world > space > place > removal or displacement > extraction > extract [verb (transitive)] > by means of a vessel vessel1673 1673 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 8 6022 When they pour this solution into the Vessel, they use a stick,..whereby they agitate and beat the Wine in the Vessel, and then they vessel it out into other vessels. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1917; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.¹a1300n.²1790v.1577
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vesseln.1

Compounds

vesseln.2

vesselv.

vesseln.¹

vesseln.²