buscarln.

Brit.

/ˈbʌskɑːl/, U.S.

/ˈbəsˌkɑrl/

Forms: Old English butsacarl, Old English butsekarl, Old English 1700s– butsecarl, 1600s botsecal (transmission error), 1600s bursecaple (transmission error), 1600s butscarle, 1600s buzcarle, 1600s buzecatle (transmission error), 1600s 1800s– butescarle, 1600s– buscarle, 1700s–1800s butsecarle, 1700s– butescarl, 1800s– buscarl, 1800s– butscarl.

Origin: Apparently a borrowing from early Scandinavian.

Etymology: Apparently < an unattested early Scandinavian compound literally meaning ‘shipman’ (see note); compare Old Icelandic búza , buza kind of ship (see buss n.¹) and Old Icelandic karl (see carl n.¹). Compare housecarl n.Compare post-classical Latin butsecarla , buthsecarla , buzsecarla (a1140–1200 in British sources; earlier as buzecarl' (1086 in Domesday Book)), Anglo-Norman bucecarle , bucekarle , buscarle , buzecharle (c1139; also in use as a byname), probably both < English, as they seem to be attested only with reference to events in England in the late 12th or early 13th cent., although it is possible that the unattested Scandinavian compound had also been borrowed into French or Latin, either in England or in France. The compound may, however, have been formed in England to refer to specifically Anglo-Scandinavian conditions; compare discussion of the retainers of Cnut at housecarl n. It is also conceivable that the compound was formed in Old English rather than early Scandinavian ( < buss n.¹ + carl n.¹), although neither element is attested independently in English until later. It has alternatively been suggested that the first element may represent a Scandinavian cognate of bode n.², but this is phonologically and semantically unlikely. Also attested early as a surname, e.g. Sigar Buzecarl (1111–38), Nicholas Buscecarle (a1206), Richard Buscecarl (1259). The word was revived in antiquarian and historical use in the late 16th or early 17th cent. In quot. a1601 rendering a 12th-cent. Latin translation of quot. OE²; in quot. 1663 rendering the use of the Latin word in Domesday Bk.

historical in later use.

In (late) Anglo-Saxon and Anglo-Norman England: a member of a body of men retained, apparently usually by the king, to guard the coast.Buscarls are attested historically from 1052 to 1101. It is possible that the term originally referred to Anglo-Scandinavian naval troops. They appear to have formed a paid standing force based on the English coast, especially in Kent and Sussex, and are mentioned specifically in connection with the defence of the English Channel.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > one who travels by water or sea > sailor > [noun]

shipmanc900

seamanOE

buscarlOE

shipperc1100

ship-gumec1275

marinerc1300

skipper1390

marinela1400

waterman1421

maryneller1470

seafarer1513

sea-fardingera1550

navigator1574

marinec1575

sailer1585

Triton1589

Neptunist1593

canvas-climber1609

sea-crab1609

tar-lubber1610

Neptunian1620

salt-rover1620

sailora1642

tarpaulin1647

otter1650

water dog1652

tarpauliana1656

Jack1659

tar1676

sea-animal1707

Jack tar1709

sailor-man1761

tarry-breeks1786

hearty1790

ocean-farera1806

tarry-jacket1822

Jacky1826

nautical1831

salt water1839

matelotc1847

knight of the tar-brush1866

main-yard man1867

gobby1883

tarry-John1888

blue jersey1889

lobscouser1889

flat-foot1897

handyman1899

OE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Tiber. B.i) anno 1052 Hig foron towerd Sandwic, & læson æfre forð mid heom ealle þa butsecarlas þe heo gemetton.

OE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Tiber. B.iv) anno 1052 He gespeon ealle Centingas, & ealle þa butsekarlas [OE Tiber. B.i butsecarlas; L. butsecarlas] of Hæstingum.

lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) anno 1066 Eadwine eorl com [mid] landfyrde & draf hine ut, & þa butsecarlas hine forsocan.

a1601 W. Lambarde Dictionarium Angliae Topographicum (1730) 146 Godwyn..sollicited..the Butscarles of Hastinges against the Kinge: Theise Butscarles weare Mariners, as I thinke.

1663 F. Philipps Antiq. Præ-emption & Pourveyance for King ii. 54 When the King went upon any expedition by land or sea, he was to have out of that Manor twenty shillings to feed his Buzcarles, Mariners or Seamen [L. Buzcarlos].

1742 J. Campbell Lives Admirals I. iv. 109 Officers, who had the Custody of the Coasts, called in the Language of those Times, Butsecarles, to be vigilant in preventing all Persons from coming out of Normandy, into England.

1866 C. Kingsley Hereward the Wake I. i. 77 Out and away aboard a ship among the buscarles.

1920 C. W. David R. Curthose v. 130 Buscarls whom Henry had sent to sea to head off the invasion were corrupted..and, deserting the royal cause, accepted service with the duke as pilots of his fleet.

2004 R. W. Connell & W. P. Mack Naval Ceremonies, Customs, & Trad. (ed. 6) i. iii. 26 British authorities trace the descent of English men-'o-war and men-'o-war's men from the ‘buscarles’ or sea police of nine centuries ago.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	buscarl
释义	buscarln. Brit. /ˈbʌskɑːl/, U.S. /ˈbəsˌkɑrl/ Forms: Old English butsacarl, Old English butsekarl, Old English 1700s– butsecarl, 1600s botsecal (transmission error), 1600s bursecaple (transmission error), 1600s butscarle, 1600s buzcarle, 1600s buzecatle (transmission error), 1600s 1800s– butescarle, 1600s– buscarle, 1700s–1800s butsecarle, 1700s– butescarl, 1800s– buscarl, 1800s– butscarl. Origin: Apparently a borrowing from early Scandinavian. Etymology: Apparently < an unattested early Scandinavian compound literally meaning ‘shipman’ (see note); compare Old Icelandic búza , buza kind of ship (see buss n.¹) and Old Icelandic karl (see carl n.¹). Compare housecarl n.Compare post-classical Latin butsecarla , buthsecarla , buzsecarla (a1140–1200 in British sources; earlier as buzecarl' (1086 in Domesday Book)), Anglo-Norman bucecarle , bucekarle , buscarle , buzecharle (c1139; also in use as a byname), probably both < English, as they seem to be attested only with reference to events in England in the late 12th or early 13th cent., although it is possible that the unattested Scandinavian compound had also been borrowed into French or Latin, either in England or in France. The compound may, however, have been formed in England to refer to specifically Anglo-Scandinavian conditions; compare discussion of the retainers of Cnut at housecarl n. It is also conceivable that the compound was formed in Old English rather than early Scandinavian ( < buss n.¹ + carl n.¹), although neither element is attested independently in English until later. It has alternatively been suggested that the first element may represent a Scandinavian cognate of bode n.², but this is phonologically and semantically unlikely. Also attested early as a surname, e.g. Sigar Buzecarl (1111–38), Nicholas Buscecarle (a1206), Richard Buscecarl (1259). The word was revived in antiquarian and historical use in the late 16th or early 17th cent. In quot. a1601 rendering a 12th-cent. Latin translation of quot. OE²; in quot. 1663 rendering the use of the Latin word in Domesday Bk. historical in later use. In (late) Anglo-Saxon and Anglo-Norman England: a member of a body of men retained, apparently usually by the king, to guard the coast.Buscarls are attested historically from 1052 to 1101. It is possible that the term originally referred to Anglo-Scandinavian naval troops. They appear to have formed a paid standing force based on the English coast, especially in Kent and Sussex, and are mentioned specifically in connection with the defence of the English Channel. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > one who travels by water or sea > sailor > [noun] shipmanc900 seamanOE buscarlOE shipperc1100 ship-gumec1275 marinerc1300 skipper1390 marinela1400 waterman1421 maryneller1470 seafarer1513 sea-fardingera1550 navigator1574 marinec1575 sailer1585 Triton1589 Neptunist1593 canvas-climber1609 sea-crab1609 tar-lubber1610 Neptunian1620 salt-rover1620 sailora1642 tarpaulin1647 otter1650 water dog1652 tarpauliana1656 Jack1659 tar1676 sea-animal1707 Jack tar1709 sailor-man1761 tarry-breeks1786 hearty1790 ocean-farera1806 tarry-jacket1822 Jacky1826 nautical1831 salt water1839 matelotc1847 knight of the tar-brush1866 main-yard man1867 gobby1883 tarry-John1888 blue jersey1889 lobscouser1889 flat-foot1897 handyman1899 OE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Tiber. B.i) anno 1052 Hig foron towerd Sandwic, & læson æfre forð mid heom ealle þa butsecarlas þe heo gemetton. OE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Tiber. B.iv) anno 1052 He gespeon ealle Centingas, & ealle þa butsekarlas [OE Tiber. B.i butsecarlas; L. butsecarlas] of Hæstingum. lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) anno 1066 Eadwine eorl com [mid] landfyrde & draf hine ut, & þa butsecarlas hine forsocan. a1601 W. Lambarde Dictionarium Angliae Topographicum (1730) 146 Godwyn..sollicited..the Butscarles of Hastinges against the Kinge: Theise Butscarles weare Mariners, as I thinke. 1663 F. Philipps Antiq. Præ-emption & Pourveyance for King ii. 54 When the King went upon any expedition by land or sea, he was to have out of that Manor twenty shillings to feed his Buzcarles, Mariners or Seamen [L. Buzcarlos]. 1742 J. Campbell Lives Admirals I. iv. 109 Officers, who had the Custody of the Coasts, called in the Language of those Times, Butsecarles, to be vigilant in preventing all Persons from coming out of Normandy, into England. 1866 C. Kingsley Hereward the Wake I. i. 77 Out and away aboard a ship among the buscarles. 1920 C. W. David R. Curthose v. 130 Buscarls whom Henry had sent to sea to head off the invasion were corrupted..and, deserting the royal cause, accepted service with the duke as pilots of his fleet. 2004 R. W. Connell & W. P. Mack Naval Ceremonies, Customs, & Trad. (ed. 6) i. iii. 26 British authorities trace the descent of English men-'o-war and men-'o-war's men from the ‘buscarles’ or sea police of nine centuries ago. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.OE
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