valeriann.

Brit.

/vəˈlɪərɪən/,

/vəˈlɛːrɪən/, U.S.

/vəˈlɪriən/

Forms: Also Middle English valirian, Middle English valarian, Middle English–1500s valeryan(e, 1500s valeriane.

Etymology: < Old French valeriane (modern French valériane) or medieval Latin valeriana (also Italian valeriana, Spanish valeriana, Portuguese valeriana), apparently the feminine singular of the Latin adjective Valerianus, < the personal name Valerius.

1. One or other of the various species of herbaceous plants belonging to the widely-distributed genus Valeriana, many of which have been used medicinally as stimulants or antispasmodics.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Valerianaceae (valerian and allies) > [noun]

valerianc1386

nard?1440

red cow basil1597

red, spur-, or spurred (also basil) valerian1597

red valerian1597

valerian-worts1747

teaselwort1846

valerian family1849

valerian tribe1855

valerian order1857

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular medicinal plants or parts > [noun] > valerian

valerianc1386

setwalla1400

spike celtic1540

capon's-tail1548

phu1562

poor man's remedy1657

spikenard1688

countryman's treacle1745–7

tobacco-root1845

the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medical preparations of specific origin > medicine composed of a plant > [noun] > plant used in medicine > specific plant > valerian

valerianc1386

spike celtic1540

countryman's treacle1745–7

c1386 G. Chaucer Canon's Yeoman's Prol. & Tale 800 And herbes couthe I telle eek many oon, As egrimoigne, valirian, and lunarie.

c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 269 Poudre maad of þe rotis of valarian temperid wiþ wijn.

a1425 Edward, Duke of York Master of Game (Digby) xii An herbe..þat men calleth..in oure langage valeryane, þe whiche maketh men fnese.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 284/1 Valeryan an herbe.

1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball 339 There be two sortes of Valerian, the garden and wilde.

1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 918 Generally, the Valerians are called by one name.

1612 M. Drayton Poly-olbion xiii. 218 Valerian then he crops, and purposely doth stampe, T' apply vnto the place that's haled with the Crampe.

1664 J. Evelyn Kalendarium Hortense 67 in Sylva May..Flowers in Prime... Tulips..Valerian, Veronica.

1764 Philos. Trans. 1763 (Royal Soc.) 53 199 The roots of Valerian are esteemed most medicinal, which are dug up in Oxfordshire and Glocestershire.

1782 J. Scott Poet. Wks. 100 Gay loosestrife there and pale valerian spring.

1823 C. Lamb Praise of Chimney-sweepers in Elia 252 No less pleased than those domestic animals—cats—when they purr over a new-found sprig of valerian.

1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. II. 1201/1 Two Valerians are natives of this country.

1882 Garden 25 Mar. 204/2 Any one requiring a useful plant for some semi-wild garden ought to give the Valerian a trial.

2. With distinctive premodifier:

a. Denoting varieties of true valerian, as garden valerian, great valerian, little valerian, wild valerian, etc., valerian.Many varieties are enumerated in Parkinson Theatr. Pl. (1640) 120–2, Bradley Dict. Bot. (1728), Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. (1753), Johnson Gard. Dict. (1852), etc.

ΚΠ

1548 W. Turner Names of Herbes sig. F.iij The one is growing..in the moyst plasshes and in morish groundes, and it is called in englishe wylde Valerian.

1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball 339 Great wild valerian. Little wild valerian.

1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 916 The tame or garden Valerian hath his first leaues long, broade, smooth, greene, and vndeuided.

1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 917 Valeriana Petræa. Stone Valerian.

1601 R. Chester Loves Martyr 83 Great wild Valerian and the Withie wind.

1629 J. Parkinson Paradisi in Sole (1904) 386 Knobbed Mountaine Valerian.

1640 J. Parkinson Theatrum Botanicum 119 The great Valerian hath a thicke short grayish roote.

1712 J. Browne tr. P. Pomet et al. Compl. Hist. Druggs I. 42 The little Valerian has small Roots, of a good Smell.

1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. (at cited word) The great garden Valerian is an alexipharmic, sudorific, and diuretic.

1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. (at cited word) The wild Valerian root is much more famous than this.

1769 W. Buchan Domest. Med. ii. 519 Infusions of balm-leaves..the roots of wild valerian, or the flowers of the lime-tree.

1872 D. Oliver Lessons Elem. Bot. (new ed.) ii. 192 The root of the Common Valerian possesses a strong and peculiar odour.

1890 Hardwicke's Sci.-gossip 26 183 The handsome heart-leaved valerian (Valeriana Pyrenaica).

b. red, spur-, or spurred (also †basil) valerian, = Centranthus ruber.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Valerianaceae (valerian and allies) > [noun]

valerianc1386

nard?1440

red cow basil1597

red, spur-, or spurred (also basil) valerian1597

red valerian1597

valerian-worts1747

teaselwort1846

valerian family1849

valerian tribe1855

valerian order1857

1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 551 Red Valerian hath beene so called of the likenesse of the flowers, and spoked rundles with Valerian, by which name we had rather haue it called, then rashly to laie vpon it an vnproper name.

1640 J. Parkinson Theatrum Botanicum 122 This small red Valerian is very like unto the greater red Valerian.

1849 J. Craig New Universal Dict. Spurred valerian, a plant belonging to the genus Centranthus.

1855 A. Pratt Flowering Plants & Ferns Great Brit. III. 161 Spur Valerian. Corolla 5-cleft, spurred at the base.

1863 R. Hogg & G. W. Johnson Wild Flowers Great Brit. ii. Pl. 140 Centranthus Ruber, Red Spur-Valerian. Syn. Red Valerian.

1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. I. 247/1 The Red Valerian, C. ruber, formerly known as Valeriana rubra, offers a good example of the genus.

1899 R. Bridges Idle Flowers in Poet. Wks. (1912) 352 With red Valerian And Toadflax on the wall.

c. Greek (†Greekish, Grecian) valerian, Jacob's ladder, Polemonium cæruleum.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > Jacob's ladder

Greek (Greekish, Grecian) valerian1578

Polemonium1601

Jacob's ladder1733

charity1737

makebate1866

1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball iii. 340 The garden Valerian and Greeke Valerian are sowen and planted in gardens.

1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball iii. 340 The Greekish Valerian hath two or three holow stalkes, or moe.

1629 J. Parkinson Paradisi in Sole (1904) 388 The Greek Valerian hath many winged leaues lying vpon the ground,..very like vnto the wilde Valerian.

1682 G. Wheler Journey into Greece vi. 436 The Leaves were set upon a long stem, like to that which is called Grecian Valerian.

1785 T. Martyn tr. J.-J. Rousseau Lett. Elements Bot. xvi. 195 Greek Valerian or Jacob's Ladder, which has the corol rather rotate.

1855 A. Pratt Flowering Plants & Ferns Great Brit. IV. 15 Blue Jacob's Ladder or Greek Valerian.

1858 A. Irvine Handbk. Brit. Plants 477 Polemoniaceæ, the Greek Valerian Family.

3. The drug derived from the rootstocks of the wild valerian or other species.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medical preparations of specific origin > medicine composed of a plant > [noun] > general plant-derived medicines

savineOE

liquoricec1275

verjuice1302

sandragon1334

sugar roset1363

acaciaa1398

agnus castusa1398

sebestenc1400

socotrine aloesa1425

tapsimelc1425

valencec1425

aconitum?a1450

hypericum1471

cassia1543

guaiacum1553

guaiac1558

butcher's broom1578

solanum1578

liquorice-stick1580

symphonia1597

tabasheer1598

diascord1605

orange-bead1626

oxymel of squills1654

Japonic earth1673

terebinthina1693

terebinthinate1696

pareira brava1698

rhabarbarate1716

Japan earth1718

buglossate1725

squill1725

phytolacca1730

nettle juice1747

xanthoxyloïn1767

mustard whey1769

Jesuits' drops1783

digitalis1785

arnica1788

mel-rose1790

gallic acid1791

valerian1794

sacred elixir1797

drosera1801

Spanish juice1803

mudar1819

sabadilla1821

parillin1825

mudarin1829

salicin1830

sang1843

peppermint camphor1854

pareira1855

savanilla1856

euonymin1862

menthol1862

phytolaccin1864

alstonia1868

agoniadin1870

guimauve1870

gelsemium1875

iridin1879

hazeline1880

tub-camphor1880

echinacea1887

jacaranda1887

hamamelin1890

quillain1890

vieirin1893

thiolin1894

mentha camphor1902

hamamelis1910

phytohaemagglutinin1949

adaptogen1966

1794 W. Godwin Caleb Williams I. iv. 78 I shall hate you as bad as senna and valerian.

1801 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 5 472 Internally valerian with opium [was] prescribed.

1842 Penny Cycl. XXII. 347/2 It is curious that the Celtic and mountain nards are also Valerians, the former being yielded by Valeriana Celtica and Saliunca.

1843 Penny Cycl. XXVI. 92/2 Valerian is considered a cerebro-spinal stimulant.

1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VIII. 604 Sedatives such as bromides and valerian..must be administered.

Compounds

attributive, as valerian oil, valerian root, valerian tea; valerian family, valerian order, valerian tribe, valerian-worts the order Valerianaceæ.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Valerianaceae (valerian and allies) > [noun]

valerianc1386

nard?1440

red cow basil1597

red, spur-, or spurred (also basil) valerian1597

red valerian1597

valerian-worts1747

teaselwort1846

valerian family1849

valerian tribe1855

valerian order1857

the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medical preparations of specific origin > medicine composed of a plant > [noun] > plant used in medicine > root > specific roots

zedoaryOE

madderOE

setwall?c1225

liquoricec1275

rhubarba1400

ireosc1400

liquorice-racec1400

sage root14..

maple root1523

liquorice-root1530

rhabarbarum1533

orris1545

turmeric1545

cypressc1550

pyrethrum1562

china1582

China root1588

orris root1598

red squill1629

ginseng1654

ague root1676

poke root1687

cassumunar1693

nettle root1707

valerian root1747

belly-ache-root1775

Indian root1775

Turkey rhubarb1789

sumbul1791

serpentaria1803

Honduras sarsaparilla1818

serpentary1837

sang1843

savanilla1856

manaca1866

gelsemium1875

sanguinaria1875

Indian turmeric1890

1747 J. Wesley Primitive Physick 43 A Tea-spoonful of Valerian Root.

1783 Med. Communications 1 214 She had taken the drops in the valerian tea.

1855 A. B. Garrod Essentials Materia Medica 176 Valerian root owes its properties to a volatile oil and valerianic acid.

1868 H. Watts Dict. Chem. V. 975 Crude valerian-oil is a mixture of several substances.

b.1846 J. Lindley Veg. Kingdom 698 Valerianworts are principally distinguished from Teazelworts by their want of albumen.1849 J. H. Balfour Man. Bot. §906 The Valerian Family.1855 A. Pratt Flowering Plants & Ferns Great Brit. III. 160 The Valerian Tribe.1857 A. Henfrey Elem. Course Bot. 315 The Valerian Order.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1916; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	valerian
释义	valeriann. Brit. /vəˈlɪərɪən/, /vəˈlɛːrɪən/, U.S. /vəˈlɪriən/ Forms: Also Middle English valirian, Middle English valarian, Middle English–1500s valeryan(e, 1500s valeriane. Etymology: < Old French valeriane (modern French valériane) or medieval Latin valeriana (also Italian valeriana, Spanish valeriana, Portuguese valeriana), apparently the feminine singular of the Latin adjective Valerianus, < the personal name Valerius. 1. One or other of the various species of herbaceous plants belonging to the widely-distributed genus Valeriana, many of which have been used medicinally as stimulants or antispasmodics. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Valerianaceae (valerian and allies) > [noun] valerianc1386 nard?1440 red cow basil1597 red, spur-, or spurred (also basil) valerian1597 red valerian1597 valerian-worts1747 teaselwort1846 valerian family1849 valerian tribe1855 valerian order1857 the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular medicinal plants or parts > [noun] > valerian valerianc1386 setwalla1400 spike celtic1540 capon's-tail1548 phu1562 poor man's remedy1657 spikenard1688 countryman's treacle1745–7 tobacco-root1845 the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medical preparations of specific origin > medicine composed of a plant > [noun] > plant used in medicine > specific plant > valerian valerianc1386 spike celtic1540 countryman's treacle1745–7 c1386 G. Chaucer Canon's Yeoman's Prol. & Tale 800 And herbes couthe I telle eek many oon, As egrimoigne, valirian, and lunarie. c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 269 Poudre maad of þe rotis of valarian temperid wiþ wijn. a1425 Edward, Duke of York Master of Game (Digby) xii An herbe..þat men calleth..in oure langage valeryane, þe whiche maketh men fnese. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 284/1 Valeryan an herbe. 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball 339 There be two sortes of Valerian, the garden and wilde. 1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 918 Generally, the Valerians are called by one name. 1612 M. Drayton Poly-olbion xiii. 218 Valerian then he crops, and purposely doth stampe, T' apply vnto the place that's haled with the Crampe. 1664 J. Evelyn Kalendarium Hortense 67 in Sylva May..Flowers in Prime... Tulips..Valerian, Veronica. 1764 Philos. Trans. 1763 (Royal Soc.) 53 199 The roots of Valerian are esteemed most medicinal, which are dug up in Oxfordshire and Glocestershire. 1782 J. Scott Poet. Wks. 100 Gay loosestrife there and pale valerian spring. 1823 C. Lamb Praise of Chimney-sweepers in Elia 252 No less pleased than those domestic animals—cats—when they purr over a new-found sprig of valerian. 1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. II. 1201/1 Two Valerians are natives of this country. 1882 Garden 25 Mar. 204/2 Any one requiring a useful plant for some semi-wild garden ought to give the Valerian a trial. 2. With distinctive premodifier: a. Denoting varieties of true valerian, as garden valerian, great valerian, little valerian, wild valerian, etc., valerian.Many varieties are enumerated in Parkinson Theatr. Pl. (1640) 120–2, Bradley Dict. Bot. (1728), Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. (1753), Johnson Gard. Dict. (1852), etc. ΚΠ 1548 W. Turner Names of Herbes sig. F.iij The one is growing..in the moyst plasshes and in morish groundes, and it is called in englishe wylde Valerian. 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball 339 Great wild valerian. Little wild valerian. 1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 916 The tame or garden Valerian hath his first leaues long, broade, smooth, greene, and vndeuided. 1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 917 Valeriana Petræa. Stone Valerian. 1601 R. Chester Loves Martyr 83 Great wild Valerian and the Withie wind. 1629 J. Parkinson Paradisi in Sole (1904) 386 Knobbed Mountaine Valerian. 1640 J. Parkinson Theatrum Botanicum 119 The great Valerian hath a thicke short grayish roote. 1712 J. Browne tr. P. Pomet et al. Compl. Hist. Druggs I. 42 The little Valerian has small Roots, of a good Smell. 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. (at cited word) The great garden Valerian is an alexipharmic, sudorific, and diuretic. 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. (at cited word) The wild Valerian root is much more famous than this. 1769 W. Buchan Domest. Med. ii. 519 Infusions of balm-leaves..the roots of wild valerian, or the flowers of the lime-tree. 1872 D. Oliver Lessons Elem. Bot. (new ed.) ii. 192 The root of the Common Valerian possesses a strong and peculiar odour. 1890 Hardwicke's Sci.-gossip 26 183 The handsome heart-leaved valerian (Valeriana Pyrenaica). b. red, spur-, or spurred (also †basil) valerian, = Centranthus ruber. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Valerianaceae (valerian and allies) > [noun] valerianc1386 nard?1440 red cow basil1597 red, spur-, or spurred (also basil) valerian1597 red valerian1597 valerian-worts1747 teaselwort1846 valerian family1849 valerian tribe1855 valerian order1857 1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 551 Red Valerian hath beene so called of the likenesse of the flowers, and spoked rundles with Valerian, by which name we had rather haue it called, then rashly to laie vpon it an vnproper name. 1640 J. Parkinson Theatrum Botanicum 122 This small red Valerian is very like unto the greater red Valerian. 1849 J. Craig New Universal Dict. Spurred valerian, a plant belonging to the genus Centranthus. 1855 A. Pratt Flowering Plants & Ferns Great Brit. III. 161 Spur Valerian. Corolla 5-cleft, spurred at the base. 1863 R. Hogg & G. W. Johnson Wild Flowers Great Brit. ii. Pl. 140 Centranthus Ruber, Red Spur-Valerian. Syn. Red Valerian. 1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. I. 247/1 The Red Valerian, C. ruber, formerly known as Valeriana rubra, offers a good example of the genus. 1899 R. Bridges Idle Flowers in Poet. Wks. (1912) 352 With red Valerian And Toadflax on the wall. c. Greek (†Greekish, Grecian) valerian, Jacob's ladder, Polemonium cæruleum. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > Jacob's ladder Greek (Greekish, Grecian) valerian1578 Polemonium1601 Jacob's ladder1733 charity1737 makebate1866 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball iii. 340 The garden Valerian and Greeke Valerian are sowen and planted in gardens. 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball iii. 340 The Greekish Valerian hath two or three holow stalkes, or moe. 1629 J. Parkinson Paradisi in Sole (1904) 388 The Greek Valerian hath many winged leaues lying vpon the ground,..very like vnto the wilde Valerian. 1682 G. Wheler Journey into Greece vi. 436 The Leaves were set upon a long stem, like to that which is called Grecian Valerian. 1785 T. Martyn tr. J.-J. Rousseau Lett. Elements Bot. xvi. 195 Greek Valerian or Jacob's Ladder, which has the corol rather rotate. 1855 A. Pratt Flowering Plants & Ferns Great Brit. IV. 15 Blue Jacob's Ladder or Greek Valerian. 1858 A. Irvine Handbk. Brit. Plants 477 Polemoniaceæ, the Greek Valerian Family. 3. The drug derived from the rootstocks of the wild valerian or other species. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medical preparations of specific origin > medicine composed of a plant > [noun] > general plant-derived medicines savineOE liquoricec1275 verjuice1302 sandragon1334 sugar roset1363 acaciaa1398 agnus castusa1398 sebestenc1400 socotrine aloesa1425 tapsimelc1425 valencec1425 aconitum?a1450 hypericum1471 cassia1543 guaiacum1553 guaiac1558 butcher's broom1578 solanum1578 liquorice-stick1580 symphonia1597 tabasheer1598 diascord1605 orange-bead1626 oxymel of squills1654 Japonic earth1673 terebinthina1693 terebinthinate1696 pareira brava1698 rhabarbarate1716 Japan earth1718 buglossate1725 squill1725 phytolacca1730 nettle juice1747 xanthoxyloïn1767 mustard whey1769 Jesuits' drops1783 digitalis1785 arnica1788 mel-rose1790 gallic acid1791 valerian1794 sacred elixir1797 drosera1801 Spanish juice1803 mudar1819 sabadilla1821 parillin1825 mudarin1829 salicin1830 sang1843 peppermint camphor1854 pareira1855 savanilla1856 euonymin1862 menthol1862 phytolaccin1864 alstonia1868 agoniadin1870 guimauve1870 gelsemium1875 iridin1879 hazeline1880 tub-camphor1880 echinacea1887 jacaranda1887 hamamelin1890 quillain1890 vieirin1893 thiolin1894 mentha camphor1902 hamamelis1910 phytohaemagglutinin1949 adaptogen1966 1794 W. Godwin Caleb Williams I. iv. 78 I shall hate you as bad as senna and valerian. 1801 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 5 472 Internally valerian with opium [was] prescribed. 1842 Penny Cycl. XXII. 347/2 It is curious that the Celtic and mountain nards are also Valerians, the former being yielded by Valeriana Celtica and Saliunca. 1843 Penny Cycl. XXVI. 92/2 Valerian is considered a cerebro-spinal stimulant. 1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VIII. 604 Sedatives such as bromides and valerian..must be administered. Compounds attributive, as valerian oil, valerian root, valerian tea; valerian family, valerian order, valerian tribe, valerian-worts the order Valerianaceæ. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Valerianaceae (valerian and allies) > [noun] valerianc1386 nard?1440 red cow basil1597 red, spur-, or spurred (also basil) valerian1597 red valerian1597 valerian-worts1747 teaselwort1846 valerian family1849 valerian tribe1855 valerian order1857 the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medical preparations of specific origin > medicine composed of a plant > [noun] > plant used in medicine > root > specific roots zedoaryOE madderOE setwall?c1225 liquoricec1275 rhubarba1400 ireosc1400 liquorice-racec1400 sage root14.. maple root1523 liquorice-root1530 rhabarbarum1533 orris1545 turmeric1545 cypressc1550 pyrethrum1562 china1582 China root1588 orris root1598 red squill1629 ginseng1654 ague root1676 poke root1687 cassumunar1693 nettle root1707 valerian root1747 belly-ache-root1775 Indian root1775 Turkey rhubarb1789 sumbul1791 serpentaria1803 Honduras sarsaparilla1818 serpentary1837 sang1843 savanilla1856 manaca1866 gelsemium1875 sanguinaria1875 Indian turmeric1890 a. 1747 J. Wesley Primitive Physick 43 A Tea-spoonful of Valerian Root. 1783 Med. Communications 1 214 She had taken the drops in the valerian tea. 1855 A. B. Garrod Essentials Materia Medica 176 Valerian root owes its properties to a volatile oil and valerianic acid. 1868 H. Watts Dict. Chem. V. 975 Crude valerian-oil is a mixture of several substances. b.1846 J. Lindley Veg. Kingdom 698 Valerianworts are principally distinguished from Teazelworts by their want of albumen.1849 J. H. Balfour Man. Bot. §906 The Valerian Family.1855 A. Pratt Flowering Plants & Ferns Great Brit. III. 160 The Valerian Tribe.1857 A. Henfrey Elem. Course Bot. 315 The Valerian Order. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1916; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1386
随便看	on one's deathbed on one's doorstep on one's ear on one's faith on one's feet on one's foot on one's game on one's grufe on one's guard on one's hand on one's hands on one's hands and knees on one's haunches on one's honour on one's hunkers on one's i-wald on one's iwald on one's jack on one's jack jones on one's keeping on one's last legs on one's legs on one's lip on one's lonely on one's lonely-o