单词 | vacancy |
释义 | vacancyn. I. Senses relating to freedom from work or business, and related uses. 1. a. = vacation n. 2. Also in plural. Now archaic. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > [noun] > a period of > holidays holidayc1400 vacance?1566 vacancyc1580 feriate1727 run1843 vacation1878 hols1905 getaway1923 society > leisure > [noun] > a period of > holidays > formal vacationc1456 vacancyc1580 lawstead1600 vac1709 feriate1727 statutory holiday1850 c1580 W. Spelman Dialoge (1896) 6 There I contynued my sute untill the tyme of ther vacantie in the Lawe. 1633 W. Robinson Let. in S. P. Rigaud & S. J. Rigaud Corr. Sci. Men 17th Cent. (1841) (modernized text) I. 18 He is to come this vacancy into Lincolnshire about business of his own. 1679 Tryals & Condemnation Jesuits 62 Joseph. He was [absent] in the time of the Vacancy... L.C.J. When are the Vacancies? Joseph. In August, my Lord. 1702 T. Marwood Diary in Publ. Catholic Rec. Soc. (1909) 7 134 To-day the Vacancys of the lower Classe began, and end at St Luke. 1703 in A. I. Ritchie Churches St. Baldred (1880) 128 He must not grant the vacancie without acquainting the session. 1780 E. Stiles Lit. Diary (1901) II. 409 At the End of the Vacancy 1744 Mr. Reed carried his 3 pupils..to enter into Harv[ard] College. 1876 J. Grant Hist. Burgh Schools Scotl. ii. v. 182 Besides the half and occasional holiday two annual ‘plays’, or ‘vacancies’, have of old been granted to the scholar. 1876 A. J. C. Hare Jrnl. 29 Aug. in Story of my Life (1900) VI. xviii. 412 They are having their vacancies. ΚΠ 1643 in Fasti Aberd. (1854) 421 The porter..shall attend the colledge for saving the fabrick, both in tyme of play and vacancie. 1691 A. Gavin Observ. Journy to Naples 15 Every year in Autumn they have two Months of vacancy. a. Temporary freedom or cessation from business or some usual occupation. Also const. from. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > [noun] > time off remedyc1450 intermission?1566 vacancy1599 by-time1609 off-duty1844 watch below, off1850 stand easy1859 off time1866 time off1881 lay-off1889 make and mend1899 laze-off1924 R and R1952 downtime1971 me time1980 1599 Master Broughtons Lett. Answered vii. 21 His assiduous reading in any vacancie from busines. 1602 W. Segar Honor Mil. & Civill iv. xxi. 237 For he that hath bene longest vacant, may take place before him that is lesse ancient in vacancie. 1645 J. Milton Poems 28 (title) On the University Carrier who sickn'd in the time of his vacancy, being forbid to go to London, by reason of the Plague. 1663 S. Patrick Parable of Pilgrim (1668) xxix. 337 He did not find so much vacancy as his heart desired for private Prayer. 1775 S. Johnson Let. 29 July (1992) II. 257 Air, and Vacancy, and novelty..would..afford all the relief that human art can give. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > [noun] restingOE leisure13.. voidnessa1382 remissionc1384 vacationc1386 ease1393 otiosity1483 holiday1526 otiation1589 idlesse1596 vacance1610 playa1616 vacancya1616 remissness1624 recess1644 otium cum dignitate1729 dolce far niente1814 disoccupation1834 otium1850 non-work1855 kef1864 toillessness1877 a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) i. iv. 26 If he fill'd His vacancie with his Voluptuousnesse. View more context for this quotation a1628 J. Preston Breast-plate of Faith (1631) 114 So occupied with outward things abroad, that they have no vacancie to feed their souls within. 1656 T. Blount Glossographia To Rdr. This Work..has taken me up the vacancy of above Twenty years. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > [noun] > a period of leisurec1449 non-terminus1573 Sabbatism1582 non-term1607 recess1620 playtime1631 by-hour1639 vacancy1654 relache1780 lounge1806 spellc1845 pink-eye1901 seventh-inning stretch1915 standoff1918 timeout1931 1654 R. Whitlock Ζωοτομία 305 Daies of nothing, but Riots, visits..and such like Exiles from themselves, and vacancies from the businesse of life. 1676 M. Hale Contempl. Moral & Divine 21 An industrious Husband-man, Trades-man, Scholar, will never want business for occasional vacancies and horæ subcisivæ. 1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding iv. xix. 354 There are none so enslaved to the Necessity of Life, who might not find many Vacancies, that might be husbanded to this Advantage of their Knowledge. 1748 in Welsh Rev. Feb. (1892) 350 Filled in ye vacancies of ye day with work. 3. a. The state or condition of being free from or unoccupied with work, business, or action; absence of occupation; idleness; inactivity.Frequently in the 17th cent.; now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > inaction > idleness, lack of occupation or activity > [noun] idlea1000 idlenessc1000 emptinessOE idlelaikc1175 idleheada1325 idleship1357 otiosity1483 idlehoodc1540 idleteth1584 idleset1591 fallownessa1594 vacantry1598 vacancy1615 lurgy1769 inanity1782 inoccupation1783 vacuity1817 1615 G. Sandys Relation of Journey i. 64 Chesse,..a sport that agreeth well with their sedentary vacancie. 1651 T. Hobbes Philos. Rudim. xii. §10. 184 They who are least troubled with caring for necessary things..are invited by their vacancy sometimes to disputation among themselves concerning the Common-weal. 1670 C. Cotton tr. G. Girard Hist. Life Duke of Espernon Pref. Having about three Years since, and in the Vacancy of a Country Life, taken this Volume in hand. 1802 W. Heberden, Jr. tr. W. Heberden Comm. Hist. & Cure Dis. xiii. 78 Nor does the vacancy of a Bath life suit complaints. 1818 Ld. Byron Childe Harold: Canto IV vi. 6 Such is the refuge of our youth and age, The first from Hope, the last from Vacancy. a1834 S. T. Coleridge Lit. Remains (1836) I. 200 The source of the common fondness for novels of this sort rests in that dislike of vacancy and that love of sloth..inherent in the human mind. ΚΠ 1615 T. Jackson Iustifying Faith iii. Pref. sig. A 3v God..blesse me outwardly with that measure of health, of vacancy from other businesse [etc.]. 1631 R. Byfield Doctr. Sabbath Vindicated 143 A precise vacancy from all worke..is morall. 1690 J. Norris Christian Blessedness 80 Implying, that a vacancy from Wrath is a necessary Qualification for Prayer. 1712 Spectator No. 408. ⁋8 An absolute Indifference and Vacancy from all Passion. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > thought > absence of thought > [noun] vacuity1593 incogitancy1649 unthinkingnessa1695 incogitativity1722 vacancy1752 unthought1866 1752 S. Johnson Rambler No. 204. ⁋13 Nor was he able to disengage his attention, or mingle with vacancy and ease in any amusement. 1796 F. Burney Camilla V. x. iii. 293 Her pliant mind, in this state of vacancy, had readily been bent to the new pursuit. 1856 W. E. Aytoun Bothwell ii. i The fishers..whistle o'er their lazy task In happy vacancy. d. Absence of any determining influence or factor. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > free will > [noun] freedomeOE free will1340 arbitryc1374 advisementa1398 freedom of will?c1400 liberty?c1400 wilfulnessc1460 liberal arbitre?1483 contingencec1530 indifferencya1555 contingency1561 freedom of thought1591 self-willingness1591 volunt1611 voluntariness1643 uncommandedness1646 autexousy1678 volency1686 inconditionality1696 unconditionalitya1714 indifference1728 volition1738 vacancy1754 voluntarity1794 autonomy1803 unconditionalness1843 unconditionedness1854 1754 J. Edwards Careful Enq. Freedom of Will ii. vii. 64 The Will's Freedom consists in..this Vacancy and Opportunity that is left for the Will it self to be the Determiner of the Act. II. Senses relating to lack of occupation or absence. ΘΚΠ the world > time > [noun] > stretch, period, or portion of time > period of time between events or interval waya1300 distancec1330 interstition1390 spacea1400 pastimea1513 vacance1533 intermission?1566 vacation1567 intervallum1574 interim1579 between-timea1586 wem1599 parenthesis1600 intermedium1611 betweena1616 fore-while?1615 interpolation1615 vacancya1616 interval1616 interstitium1624 slatcha1625 interspace1629 intermissa1633 between-spacea1641 interregnum1659 intervalea1661 interlapse1666 interlude1751 in-between1815 lapse1817 intermezzo1851 meanwhile1872 a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) v. i. 92 For three months before, No intrim, not a minutes vacancie, Both day and night did we keepe companie. View more context for this quotation 1625 T. Godwin Moses & Aaron i. i. 2 In these vacancies or distances of time, between Iudge and Iudge. 1663 J. Heath Flagellum (1672) 32 In so long an interval and vacancy of War, from which this Nation had been blessed. 5. a. The fact or condition of an office or post being, becoming, or falling vacant; an occasion or occurrence of this. ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > [noun] > vacancy of an office vacationc1425 vacance1579 sede vacante1589 vacancy1607 avoidance1660 society > occupation and work > working > labour supply > [noun] > a vacancy > condition of being vacant vacancy1607 1607 Statutes in M. H. Peacock Hist. Free Gram. School Wakefield (1892) 59 Within foure daies of the vacancie knowen. 1665 T. Manley tr. H. Grotius De Rebus Belgicis 197 They began a new Custom, which was, That they would in Vacancies, name the Captains, and other inferiour Officers under their Pay. 1765 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. ii. 172 No candidate shall, after the date..of the writs, or after the vacancy, give any money or entertainment to his electors. 1804 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. III. 40 A sale of an advowson, the church being actually void, was simoniacal and void in respect to the then present vacancy. 1896 Law Times Rep. 100 408/1 With reference to the vacancy among the Chancery taxing masters. b. Const. of (an office, position, etc.). ΚΠ 1610 G. Carleton Iurisdict. 2 That power whereby we succeed the Emperour in the vacancie of the Empire. 1659 H. L'Estrange Alliance Divine Offices 321 As did the Clergy of Rome also in the vaca [n] cy of that Sea determine. 1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant i. 77 (note) Zornesan Mustapha Basha made Keeper of the Seal during the vacancy of the Charge of Grand Visier. 1726 J. Ayliffe Parergon Juris Canonici Anglicani 129 In the Vacancy of a Bishoprick, the Guardian of the Spiritualities was summon'd to Parliament in the Bishop's Room. 1765 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. 152 The vacancy of the throne was precedent to their meeting without any royal summons. c. An instance or occasion of land, a tenancy, etc., being or becoming vacant. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > non-possession > fact of not being possessed or owned > [noun] > fact of being unoccupied > instance of vacancy1809 1809 Christian in Blackstone's Comm. II. 9 It cannot be said that in such a case there is ever a vacancy of possession. a1832 A. Polson Eng. Law in Encycl. Metrop. (1845) II. 827/1 The maxim..that the tenancy of the land should always be filled, and that the tenant could make no disposition of his interest likely to involve a vacancy in the same tenancy. 6. a. A vacant or unoccupied office, post, or dignity. ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > [noun] > vacancy of an office > a vacant office vacancy1693 society > occupation and work > working > labour supply > [noun] > a vacancy vacation1535 vacand1567 vacancy1693 opening1752 1693 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) III. 81 Mounsieur Catinat..has sent 250 officers to throw themselves into the towne to supply the vacancies of those that were sick and dead there. 1707 E. Ward Wooden World Dissected 21 He shall force a Rupture with some one of his Lieutenants, to make a Vacancy for him. 1769 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) I. iii. 28 His military cares have never extended beyond the disposal of vacancies. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. x. 638 How could there be an election without a vacancy? 1858 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. (ed. 2) IV. 286 More than twenty vacancies in the order of the Golden Fleece were placed by him at Henry's disposal. b. A church without an incumbent or minister. ΘΚΠ society > faith > artefacts > sanctuary or holy place > church or place of worship > [noun] > without incumbent vacancy1867 1867 J. Macfarlane Mem. T. Archer I. 17 The ‘vacancies’ sought after him. c. A vacant room in a hotel, guest-house, etc. Usually attributive as vacancy sign, a signboard advertising available accommodation, or in plural. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > accommodation or lodging > [noun] > hired lodgings > vacant room in vacancy1953 society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > accommodation or lodging > [noun] > hired lodgings > vacant room in > sign advertising vacancy sign1953 1953 ‘R. Macdonald’ Gone Girl in Lew Archer, Private Investigator (1977) 24 The first motel I came to..was decorated with a vacancy sign. 1970 R. H. Greenan Nightmare in Colour iv. 15 The place..is a bit sleazy... There's a vacancy sign out. 1972 Guardian 17 May 12/3 Hotels are replacing the ‘Vacancy’ signs with hoardings saying ‘For Sale’. 1973 Value Added Tax Tribunals Rep. I. 165 Students have at their choice, provided vacancies are available, three types of accommodation. 1982 M. Babson Death beside Seaside xiii. 111 Most of the trippers will be leaving this afternoon. There'll be plenty of vacancies. 7. Absence or lack of something. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > space > place > absence > [noun] > absence specifically of thing absencea1398 vacancy1650 1650 T. Fuller Pisgah-sight of Palestine ii. xiii. 269 Jordan, in the vacancy of the inhabitants, having got violent possession, fenced and fortified himself in the slime-pits. 1805 J. Foster Essays II. iii. i. 11 With this cast of significance, and vacancy of sense, it is allowed to depreciate without being accountable. III. A vacant space, and related uses. 8. Empty or void space. ΘΚΠ the world > space > [noun] > absolute emptiness of space vaina1382 emptiness1533 empty1535 vacuity1546 vacuum1550 vacancy1603 voida1618 inanea1676 1603 W. Shakespeare Hamlet iii. iv. 108 Nay, how i'st with you That thus you bend your eyes on vacancie, And holde discourse with nothing but with ayre. a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) ii. ii. 223 Th' ayre: which but for vacancie, Had gone to gaze on Cleopater too, And made a gap in Nature. View more context for this quotation 1814 Ld. Byron Corsair i. xv. 25 The tender blue of that large loving eye Grew frozen with its gaze on vacancy. 1827 S. Smith Wks. (1867) II. 134 To roar and bellow No Popery to Vacancy and the Moon. 1855 J. S. C. Abbott Hist. Napoleon II. x. 164 Folding his arms upon his breast, with his eyes fixed upon vacancy, he stood in gloomy silence. 1899 F. T. Bullen Way Navy 79 Meanwhile the ‘Mersey’ came up out of vacancy at her best speed. 9. a. A vacant, unfilled, or unoccupied space; an open space between objects or things, or in a row or series; a breach, gap, or opening; †an unoccupied or uninhabited piece of ground. ΘΚΠ the world > space > place > absence > fact of being unoccupied > [noun] > an unoccupied space vacuity?1541 vacuum1589 blanka1616 gapa1616 vacancy1652 space1654 evacuity1655 void1697 chasm1759 lacuna1872 null1887 1652 M. Nedham tr. J. Selden Of Dominion of Sea 18 In the case of those who first inhabited Vacancies; or who became possess't by right of War and Conquest. 1670 W. Perwich Despatches (1903) 90 As soon as ever he passed the great vacancy, he went to see the Cittadell. 1690 W. Leybourn Cursus mathematicus f. 901 In measuring of Roofing, seldom any deductions are made for..the Vacancies for Lutheren Lights, and Sky-Lights. 1726 R. Bradley Country Gentleman & Farmer's Monthly Director 3 In places where there are Vacancies in Hedges, set Truncheons, or Twigs of the White Sallow. 1744 M. Bishop Life Matthew Bishop 209 It [i.e. gun-fire] soon broke us in a terrible manner, though our Vacancies were quickly filled up. 1779 T. Forrest Voy. New Guinea 20 Their saddles have in the middle a vacancy, which must make it easy for the horse. 1820 W. Scoresby Acct. Arctic Regions I. 55 Small vacancies in the ice would not prevent the journey. 1858 N. Hawthorne French & Ital. Note-bks. (1872) I. 20 This great arch..with the lofty vacancy beneath it. 1905 Westm. Gaz. 26 Jan. 1/3 The closing of the fontanelle, or the ‘vacancy’ in the infant cranium. b. transferred. A blank, gap, or deficiency. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > insufficiency > [noun] > deficiency, lack, or shortage > instance(s) of wants1577 failing1590 deficient1640 vacancy1759 the world > space > place > absence > fact of being unoccupied > [noun] > an unoccupied space > in something immaterial vacuitya1631 vacancy1759 1759 S. Johnson Prince of Abissinia I. i. 5 Every one..in the valley was required to propose whatever might contribute..to fill up the vacancies of attention, and lessen the tediousness of time. 1826 W. S. Landor Imaginary Conversat. (ed. 2) I. i. 7 Visions of reluctant homage from crowned heads..have passed away from me, and leave no vacancy. 1856 P. E. Dove Logic Christian Faith v. ii. 317 Without revelation there would be a distinct vacancy in the scheme of knowledge. c. Crystallography. A defect in a crystal lattice consisting of the absence of an atom or ion from a position where there should be one. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > crystallography (general) > crystal (general) > crystal irregularities > [noun] > lattice defects > vacancy vacancy1951 1951 Physical Rev. 82 551/1 The experiments described below seem to be the most direct evidence, to date, that diffusion in close-packed metals occurs, predominantly, through the movement of vacancies. 1958 E. U. Condon & H. Odishaw Handbk. Physics viii. iii. 48/2 In a crystal containing a divalent cation impurity,..there will be a temperature below which the number of Schottky cation vacancies will be smaller than the number of additional free cation vacancies. 1967 A. H. Cottrell Introd. Metall. xx. 365 The quench..produces a supersaturated solution of vacancies and..these vacancies agglomerate to form dislocation rings or other defects which harden the metal by acting as obstacles to gliding dislocations. 1971 New Scientist 25 Mar. 664/2 The interstitial migrates by jumping from one site to another, while the vacancy migrates as a result of a neighbouring atom jumping into the vacant hole. 1974 Encycl. Brit. Macropædia V. 334/1 Theoretical considerations require that all crystals have vacancies except at absolute zero temperature. 10. a. The state or condition of being vacant, empty, or unoccupied; emptiness. ΘΚΠ the world > space > place > absence > fact of being unoccupied > [noun] voidnessc1400 vacuity1664 vacancy1788 1788 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall IV. xlv. 453 He contemplated with horror the vacancy and solitude of the city. 1796 F. Burney Camilla I. ii. iv. 214 Such is the vacancy of dissipated pleasure, that..an opening always remains for something yet to be tried. 1816 J. Scott Paris Revisited iv. 52 The dullest country town in England can afford no idea of the stillness and vacancy of the several noble looking cities. 1823 W. Scott Quentin Durward II. ix. 194 Quentin felt a strange vacancy and chillness of the heart. 1878 B. Stewart & P. G. Tait Unseen Universe i. §12. 31 When David or Hezekiah shrank from the gloomy vacancy of the grave. b. Lack of intelligence; inanity; vacuity. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > lack of understanding > [noun] unsensibleness?1555 headlesshood1579 senselessness1580 vacuity1593 incomprehension1605 insensibleness1610 unintelligiblenessa1631 insensateness1646 mindlessness1646 inapprehensiveness1652 unapprehensiveness1669 non-intelligencea1674 unperceivingnessa1688 inapprehension1745 inconception1761 brainlessness1832 vacancy1841 uncomprehension1862 1841 C. Dickens Barnaby Rudge v. 262 Where in his face there was wildness and vacancy, in hers there was..patient composure. 1866 All Year Round Extra Christmas No.,10 Dec. 19/1 He is a smiling piece of vacancy. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1916; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < |
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