utterancen.1
/ˈʌt(ə)rəns/, /ˈʌt(ə)rn̩s/, U.S. /ˈədərəns/ I. The action or result of issuing, sending forth, giving voice to, and related uses.† 1. † b. In the phrase to have or make (…) utterance.† 2. The action of giving out of a store; issue. Obsolete. rare.figurative.c1592 Faire Em sig. B2 Nature vniust, in vtterance of thy arte, To grace a pesant with a Princes fame.figurative.1702 R. Steele Funeral iii. 43 Her Charms are Dumb they want utterance.
a. The disposal of goods, commodities, etc., by sale or barter. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > selling > [noun]
salec1050
sellinga1325
merchandisinga1425
utterance1436
venting1532
vendition1542
vent1548
assale1566
ventage1577
vent1583
vending1666
distribution1793
flogging1919
turnaround1936
1436 Rolls of Parl. IV. 499/1 If it seme come to, that utterance and sale of the seid Wolle..be so escarse.
1461–2 in Hist. MSS Comm.: 10th Rep.: App. Pt. V: MSS Marquis of Ormonde &c. (1885) 300 in Parl. Papers (C. 4576-I) XLII. 1 If ony citsaine..wil gyve the utterance of ony marchandise..unto a strangere.
?c1475 ( in J. Stevenson Lett. & Papers Illustr. Wars Eng. in France (1864) II. 583 The king shulde make alliaunces withe Venise and withe Jene speciallie for uttering of the wullis of Englande, wherin the reaume shalle ever have redie outeraunce of there wullis.
a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. f. ccvi Theyr vtteraunce of clothe of golde & sylkys to the estatis and lordes of the Realme.
1579 Southampton Court Leet Rec. (1906) ii. 176 The fishe~mongers should have shoppes..built in the ffishe marcket for the..vtterance of the same.
1632 in 10th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1885) App. v. 478 The greate losse which husbandmen receive for want of utterance for their corne.
a1641 T. Mun England's Treasure (1664) 18 We must..sell as cheap as possible..rather than to lose the utterance of such wares.
ΚΠ
c1503 R. Arnold Chron. f. xlvijv/2 The said peper is so musty..your said suppliant as yet can haue non vttraunce therof.
c1503 R. Arnold Chron. f. xlvijv/2 He is neuer lyke to haue ani vttiraunce of the said peper heraftir.
1577 W. Harrison Descr. Eng. (1877) ii. v. i. 136 By ridding their worke to make speedie vtterance of their wares.
1589 in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations iii. 522 There hee had reasonable vtterance of his English commodities.
1622 J. Mabbe tr. M. Alemán Rogue ii. 313 Having no such vtterance of her Ware.
1675 H. Neville tr. N. Machiavelli State France in Wks. 258 Towards the Sea-side they have no utterance for any thing.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > giving > [noun] > giving out
utterancec1475
dolea1525
c1475 in Coll. Ordinances Royal Househ. (Harl. 642) (1790) 57 Take oftyntymes viewes, and suche oversights of all manner vytayle and stuffe comprised within your charge..so that the utteraunce of it be guyded to the Kinge's most worship and profitt.
a1483 Liber Niger in Coll. Ordinances Royal Househ. (1790) 57 That ye take..suche oversights of all..stuffe, comprised within your charge,..that the utterance of it be guyded to the King's most worship and profitt.
1606 N. Breton Poste with Packet Madde Lett. (new ed.) II. sig. F2v Vsurers are halfe mad, for lack of vtterance of theire monie.
1757 J. Harris Ess. Money & Coins 86 Coining only ascertains the quantity of metal contained in the several pieces, at their utterance out of the mint.
3. in extended use.1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet iii. ii. 350 These [sc. recorder stops] cannot I commaund to any vttrance of harmonie, I haue not the skill. View more context for this quotation1842 Ld. Tennyson Love & Duty in Poems (new ed.) II. 86 We..to the want,..Gave utterance by the yearning of an eye.a1854 H. Reed Lect. Brit. Poets (1857) i. 14 The souls of mighty poets finding utterance in the music of English words.
a. The action of uttering with the voice; vocal expression of something; speaking, speech. Also with of.Also frequently from c1667 in the phrase to give utterance (to something).
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > [noun] > utterance of vocal sound
soundinga1387
utterancec1456
prelationa1525
elocution1623
vocification?1632
articulation1677
voicing1822
vocalization1828
voicing1831
phonation1842
phonesis1856
c1456 R. Pecock Bk. Faith (Trin. Cambr.) (1909) 130 A publisching or a nakid uttraunce, telling, or denouncing.
a1464 J. Capgrave Abbreuiacion of Cron. (Cambr. Gg.4.12) (1983) 204 Lolardis set up scrowis..with abhominable accusaciones of hem þat long to þe Cherch..The kyng..forbad hem..Thei þat were gilty in þis mater withdrow gretly her oterauns of malys.
1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) ii. iii. 38 Oftetymes they selle as welle theyr scilence as theyr vtterance.
1489 Cov. Leet Bk. 536 For disclosure & vtteraunce of certain seducious langage.
1553 T. Wilson Arte of Rhetorique 4 Utterance therefore is a framyng of the voyce, countenaunce, and gesture, after a comely maner.
1567 T. Palfreyman Baldwin's Treat. Morall Philos. (new ed.) x. ii. f. 214 The holynes & cleanes of the mouthe, standeth in the utterance of rightnes & truth.
1589 R. Greene Menaphon sig. F Samela..seeing his vtterance full of broken sighes.
1642 J. Milton Apol. Smectymnuus 47 In vaine therefore do they pretend to want utterance in prayer, who can finde utterance to preach.
1648 Bp. J. Wilkins Math. Magick ii. iv. 176 The utterance of articulate sounds.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ix. 1066 Adam..At length gave utterance to these words constraind. View more context for this quotation
1703 N. Rowe Fair Penitent i. i Utterance all is vile; since I can only Swear you reign here, but never tell how much.
1785 W. Cowper Task vi. 339 The total herd..resolv'd..To give such act and utt'rance as they may To ecstasy.
1794 A. Radcliffe Myst. of Udolpho III. iv. 89 Her courage failed as often as she attempted utterance.
1839 C. Dickens Nicholas Nickleby xii. 106 With such energy of utterance as might have been..mistaken for rapture.
1847 S. Austin tr. L. von Ranke Hist. Reformation in Germany (ed. 2) III. 141 These protests were only the utterance of the feeling that France yielded to force.
1861 ‘G. Eliot’ Silas Marner ix. 138 The Squire was purple with anger.., and found utterance difficult.
b. The action of expelling breath.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > respiratory organs > breathing > exhalation > [noun]
pufflOE
fnastinga1382
pufta1425
blasting1535
outbreathing1574
efflation1578
expiration1603
perspiration1611
expiring1661
flatus1692
exhalation1742
utterance1844
poof1864
pew1932
1844 W. Upton Physioglyphics 186 This primary reference..of a r, to the utterance of the breath with earnestness.
4. The faculty or power of speech; manner of speaking.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > [noun] > faculty or power of speech
speech?a1000
speaka1300
carpc1400
utterance1474
speakingc1480
discourse1609
languagea1616
verbalness1647
vocal1838
speechfulness1880
1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) iii. v. 119 The gracious speche and vtterance of rethorique.
1480 W. Caxton Trevisa's Higden (1482) 140 He..was connyng in crafte of fayre vtteraunce.
1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection ii. sig. Iiiiv To some persons is gyuen singular good vttreraunce of oloquence.
1553 T. Wilson Arte of Rhetorique 116 b Hauing a good tongue,..he shall be thought to passe all other, that haue the like utteraunce.
1602 2nd Pt. Returne fr. Parnassus iii. i. 1151 It remaines to try whether you bee a man of good vtterance.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iii. 62 All the Sanctities of Heaven..from his sight receiv'd Beatitude past utterance . View more context for this quotation
1676 J. Dryden Aureng-Zebe Ep. Ded. 'Tis onely because God has not bestow'd on them the gift of utterance.
1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 27. ⁋5 She has naturally a very agreeable Voice and Utterance.
1782 F. Burney Cecilia III. v. iv. 52 All utterance seemed denied her.
1828 I. D'Israeli Comm. Life Charles I I. ii. 21 The King's difficult utterance rendered his addresses..painful to himself and the Parliament.
1847 C. Dickens Dombey & Son (1848) xxiii. 237 A deep, gruff, husky utterance.
1871 E. B. Tylor Primitive Culture I. 45 A king of Singhalese patois, peculiar in dialect and utterance.
5.
a. That which is uttered or expressed in words; a spoken (or written) statement or expression; an articulated sound.Frequently from c1865, esp. with an and plural.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > [noun] > that which is or can be spoken
speechc897
saw9..
speech971
wordOE
quideOE
wordsOE
wordOE
thingOE
rouna1225
mouthc1225
queatha1250
breathc1300
reasonc1300
speakingsa1325
swarec1325
saying1340
voicec1350
lorea1375
sermonc1385
carpc1400
gear1415
utterancec1454
parol1474
ditty1483
say1571
said1578
dictumc1586
palabra1600
breathing1606
bringinga1616
elocution?1637
rumblea1680
elocutive1821
vocability1841
deliverance1845
deliverment1850
deliverancy1853
verbalization1858
voicing1888
sayable1937
c1454 R. Pecock Folewer to Donet 103 Suche wordis, countenauncis, gesturis and vttrauncis.
1596 Raigne of Edward III sig. B3v I might perceiue..His eare to drinke her sweet tongues vtterance . View more context for this quotation
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iv. 410 Eve..Turnd him all eare to heare new utterance flow. View more context for this quotation
1817 P. B. Shelley Laon & Cythna vii. xxxii. 172 Sweet melodies Of love..I caught..when thy dear eyes Shone thro' my sleep, and did that utterance harmonize.
1834 T. Carlyle Sartor Resartus i. iii. 7/1 To hear a whole series and river of the most memorable utterances.
1860 ‘G. Eliot’ in J. W. Cross George Eliot's Life (1884) III. 131 The ‘Mill on the Floss’ be it then!.. The title is rather a laborious utterance.
1871 J. S. Blackie Four Phases Morals i. 97 Let us attempt to analyse this utterance.
1887 C. Bowen tr. Virgil Æneid iv, in tr. Virgil in Eng. Verse 198 Horror bristles his locks, on his lips all utterance dies.
b. Frequently in Linguistics, spoken or written words forming the complete expression of a thought. (Used with varying degrees of technicality.)
ΚΠ
1932 A. H. Gardiner Theory of Speech & Lang. iv. 206 Under the term ‘utterance’ writing must be included.
1951 Z. S. Harris Methods in Struct. Ling. ii. 14 An utterance is any stretch of talk, by one person, before and after which there is silence on the part of the person. The utterance is, in general, not identical with the ‘sentence’.
1962 J. L. Austin et al. How to do Things with Words v. 61 Written utterances are not tethered to their origin in the way spoken ones are.
1964 M. A. K. Halliday et al. Ling. Sci. iv. 95 The utterance, the smallest institutional unit of language activity.
1966 Y. Bar-Hillel in Automatic Transl. of Lang. (NATO Summer School, Venice, 1962) 17 I have already suggested..to distinguish artificially between them qua technical terms and use ‘utterance’ for observational entities and ‘sentence’ for theoretical ones.
II. A place of egress.† 6. A place of egress; an outlet. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > [noun] > means of exit
outgangOE
gatec1175
outletc1275
outgoinga1387
water gatea1393
ish14..
issuec1400
outgatec1485
ushing1489
outway1571
egress1660
utterance1662
débouché1760
debouch1813
gateway1842
outgo1869
outfall1883
outcome1885
1662 J. Chandler tr. J. B. van Helmont Oriatrike 222 In what part the Stomach layeth open at top,..is called its Orifice or mouth: But its utterance beneath [L. infernus vero ejus exitus], is named the Pylorus or Porter.
Compounds
attributive and in other combinations, as utterance-type; utterance-final, utterance-initial, utterance-interior, utterance-medial adjs.; utterance-finally adv.
ΚΠ
1953 C. E. Bazell Ling. Form 5 The most common English utterance-type.
1957 in Amer. Speech 1972 (1975) 47 229 Even assuming there may be for some speakers certain contrasts in utterance-interior positions which might require both /c̆/ and /ts̆/ in the inventory, surely there are no such contrasts in utterance-initial and utterance-final sequences.
1964 W. Jassem in D. Abercrombie et al. Daniel Jones 346 Voiced stops do not occur utterance-finally in Polish.
1970 Language 46 80 Even in his speech the laryngeal is lost in utterance-medial positions.
1970 Language 46 82 For the nasal consonants, the variant which occurs in utterance-initial syllable onset before nasal vowels is taken to be basic.
1977 Language 53 318 The optional utterance-final particle -o may be added to both imperatives and vocatives.
1978 C. Hookway in C. Hookway & P. Pettit Action & Interpr. 32 The notion of utterance type is itself translational, as Wallace puts it.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1926; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
utterancen.2
/ˈʌt(ə)rəns/, /ˈʌt(ə)rn̩s/, U.S. /ˈədərəns/ Now literary or archaic.† 1. A degree which surpasses bounds or goes beyond measure in respect of severity, vehemence, etc.; immoderate force or violence; excess, the uttermost. Obsolete.† 3. at (the) utterance:† b. To the utmost of (one's power). Obsolete.† c. At the last extremity. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > [noun] > extreme
woodnessa1400
utterance1430
outrageousnessc1450
outragenessc1455
rabidness1649
rabidity1831
1430–40 J. Lydgate tr. Bochas Fall of Princes ix. 3221 In tokne that God his quarel wolde auaunce, Disconfiture was maad on that partie, Vpon King Iohn be violent vttraunce.
1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur vii. v. 218 It doth me good to fele your myght and yet my lord I shewed not the vtteraunce.
a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. xv. f. viii The Circumstaunce of the vtterans of ye vnkyndnesse of his .ii. doughters.
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 5130 Þen Vlixes, with vtterans vne vpponone, The derfe wordis of Diamede dullit with speche.
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 5808 Vlixes with vtteraunse vnder his shild Mony stithe in stoure stroke on þere helmes.
1590 R. Greene tr. O. Rinaldi Royal Exchange sig. Biv Anie..that had [not] doone some exployte before in some battaile of vtteraunce.
2. † b. to bring or put to (or unto) utterance, to overcome completely, vanquish thoroughly; to bring to ruin or subjection, put to death. Obsolete.figurative.1509 A. Barclay Brant's Shyp of Folys (Pynson) f. ccxxvi Assaynge for to put our fayth to harde vttraunce.
a. to (unto, into) the (such, etc.) utterance
(a) to an extreme degree; to the bitter end; to the last or utmost extremity.
ΚΠ
a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Merlin (1913) II. l. 10088 So that they sworen..there-on to ben avenged jnto þe vttrawnce.
1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur vii. xii. 230 Thenne will I haue adoo with hym to the vtteraunce.
1525 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles II. xlviii. 163 No frensshmen wolde vndertake to kepe it [sc. a town] to the vtteraunce, for it was not stronge ynoughe.
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 7981 Þat all the deire of the ded be done on vs two, To vttranse & yssue vne at this tyme.
1567 T. Paynell tr. Amadis de Gaula 239 I must take the sword by the way of the armes betwene you and me onely unto the utterance of your life or mine.
1587 R. Greene Euphues sig. B2 To make a counterpoyse of discourtesie to the vtteraunce.
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 428 Corne steeped in water, whereof they will drinke to the utterance, and be drunke.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) iii. i. 73 Come Fate into the Lyst, And champion me to th'vtterance. View more context for this quotation
1860 J. L. Motley Hist. United Netherlands I. iv. 130 The champion to the utterance against Spain, stood there with lance in rest.
1907 J. H. McCarthy Needles & Pins xi She had loved him well and proved it to the utterance.
(b) Frequently with fight, etc. Now literary or archaic (revived in 19th cent.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > end or conclusion > the end [phrase] > to the end
to the lasta1393
to (unto, into) the (such, etc.) utterance1475
to drink, drain, etc. to the dregs1711
1475 Bk. Noblesse 77 To doo armes in liestis to the utteraunce.
1512 Helyas in W. J. Thoms Coll. Early Prose Romances (1828) III. 93 Here is my gauge to sustain it to the utteraunce.
1550 J. Coke Deb. Heraldes Eng. & Fraunce sig. Dv Heralde the vsurper fought the battayle to thutteraunce.
1578 H. Wotton tr. J. Yver Courtlie Controuersie 7 Thus the Gentlemen..skirmished to the vtterance.
1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. 1126 He prepared warre with all his power to the utterance.
1606 P. Holland tr. Suetonius Hist. Twelve Caesars 16 At the saide solemnity of sword-plaiers, there fought to the uttrance..Fvrivs Leptinvs..and A. Calpenvs.
1821 R. Southey Exped. Orsua 56 I will fight him to the utterance upon this quarrel.
1834 H. Taylor Philip van Artevelde ii. v. ii The Lower Lis They to the utterance will dispute.
1837 R. Browning Strafford v. ii. 125 I fought her [sc. England] to the utterance—I fell—I am hers now..and I will die.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > victory > make victorious [verb (transitive)] > conquer or overcome
overcomeeOE
shendc893
awinc1000
overwinOE
overheaveOE
to lay downa1225
mate?c1225
discomfitc1230
win1297
dauntc1300
cumber1303
scomfit1303
fenkc1320
to bear downc1330
confoundc1330
confusec1330
to do, put arrear1330
oversetc1330
vanquishc1330
conquerc1374
overthrowc1375
oppressc1380
outfighta1382
to put downa1382
discomfortc1384
threshc1384
vencuea1400
depressc1400
venque?1402
ding?a1425
cumrayc1425
to put to (also at, unto) the (also one's) worsec1425
to bring or put to (or unto) utterance1430
distrussc1430
supprisec1440
ascomfita1450
to do stress?c1450
victorya1470
to make (win) a conquest1477
convanquish1483
conquest1485
defeat1485
oversailc1485
conques1488
discomfish1488
fulyie1488
distress1489
overpress1489
cravent1490
utter?1533
to give (a person) the overthrow1536
debel1542
convince1548
foil1548
out-war1548
profligate1548
proflige?c1550
expugnate1568
expugn1570
victor1576
dismay1596
damnify1598
triumph1605
convict1607
overman1609
thrash1609
beat1611
debellate1611
import1624
to cut to (or in) pieces1632
maitrise1636
worst1636
forcea1641
outfight1650
outgeneral1767
to cut up1803
smash1813
slosh1890
ream1918
hammer1948
the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > mastery or superiority > have or gain mastery or superiority over [verb (transitive)] > overcome or defeat > defeat completely or do for
overthrowc1375
checkmatea1400
to bring or put to (or unto) utterance1430
distrussc1430
crusha1599
panga1600
to fetch off1600
finish1611
settle?1611
feague1668
rout1676
spiflicate1749
bowl1793
to settle a person's hash1795
dish1798
smash1813
to cook (rarely do) one's goose1835
thunder-smite1875
scuppera1918
to put the bee on1918
stonker1919
to wrap up1922
root1944
banjax1956
marmalize1966
1430 J. Lydgate St. Margarete 324 Thou hast me brought shortly to vttraunce, I am venquysshed.
c1430 J. Lydgate Minor Poems (Percy Soc.) 135 Whan Amelech was brouhte unto uttraunce.
1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Hist. Jason (1913) 184 Whan his complices apperceyued that he was put to vttera[u]nce.
1509 A. Barclay Brant's Shyp of Folys (Pynson) f. clxxxv If thy iustyce sholde put vs to vttraunce We sholde be damnyd for our mysgouernaunce.
c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) xvii. 47 He hath brought his enemy to vttranse, and slayne hym.
1596 Z. Jones tr. J. de Lavardin Hist. Scanderbeg 92 The Christians increasing still in fury..did on all parts put them to utterance.
a. With the highest degree of energy or vigour; with the utmost force or violence; to the last or uttermost degree. Frequently with verbs, esp. fight. (Cf. 2a.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > violently [phrase]
of hardc1330
at (the) utterance1480
hip and thigh1560
with a vengeance1568
with a powderc1600
with a siserary1607
full fling1614
with the vengeance1693
like a thousand (also hundred) of brick(s)1836
1480 W. Caxton Chron. Eng. ccxlii. 148 b Than thees two worthy lordes comen..and weren redy in the place for to fight at vtteraunce.
1485 W. Caxton tr. Thystorye & Lyf Charles the Grete sig. cviijv/2 They lete theyr horses renne wyth a grete courage for to Iuste at vtteraunce.
1485 W. Caxton tr. Thystorye & Lyf Charles the Grete sig. gvjv/2 Þe pylers of marble & other stones bygonnen to brenne & make fyre at vtteraunce.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Richard III f. xxvj He woulde fighte with hym at the vtteraunce.
1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. 684 Corbis and Orsua made profession to trie the title at the utterance by dint of sword.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) iii. i. 72 Of him, I gather'd Honour, Which he, to seeke of me againe, perforce, Behooues me keepe at vtterance . View more context for this quotation
a1630 D. Hume Hist. Houses Douglas & Angus (1644) 30 Hee used them so gently, which he would not have done if he had taken it [sc. the castle] at utterance.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > [phrase] > thoroughly or to the utmost > of one's power
to the utterestc1400
at (the) utterestc1420
to the utmostc1450
at (the) utterance1513
1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid xii. ix. 124 Euery man..At the vtyrrans of all his fors gan fycht.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > death > dead person or the dead > [adjective] > dying
deadlyc893
swelting?a1400
dyingc1450
at (the) utterance1525
in (the, his) extremes1551
parting1562
Acherontic1597
ending1600
departing1603
on one's last legs1614
expiring1635
mortifying1649
morient1679
upon one's last stretch1680
gasping1681
à la mort1700
moribund1721
outward-bound1809
terminal1854
on the brink of the grave1872
defunctive1929
1525 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles II. xxiv. 26/1 A varlet..stode by and sawe the batayle... And whan he sawe his maister almost at vttraunce, he was sorie.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1926; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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