† vaumuren.

Forms: α. Middle English–1600s (1800s) vawmure (1500s vawmeure, vawmer), 1500s–1600s vaumure. β. 1500s–1600s vamure (1500s vamer). γ. 1500s vaymure.

Etymology: Reduced form of Anglo-Norman *vaunt-mur: see vauntmure n. and avant-mure n.

Obsolete.

An advanced wall or earthwork thrown out in front of the main fortifications; the outer wall or series of walls of a fortification or fortress.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > earthwork or rampart > [noun] > outwork

forewallOE

barrace1380

before-wallinga1382

vaumurec1475

faussebraie1490

forework1497

vauntmure1562

counterguard1591

forefence1609

forefight?1611

outworkc1615

crownwork1638

false braye1645

crowned work1677

α.

c1475 Contin. Brut. ii. 577 The Flemmynges laid þeire gonnes to þe walles, & beete doun þe vawmures and þe walles.

1562 T. Phaer tr. Virgil Æneid D d j Afront the vaumures long..the legion wayting stood.

1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. Contin. 1427/2 Gods prouidence..ouerthrew a peece of the wall and vawmure of six and twentie poles.

1609 P. Holland tr. Ammianus Marcellinus Rom. Hist. 179 The safe recourse they had to the wall and vaumure strengthened with turfe defended these wait-layers from all danger.

a1656 J. Ussher Ann. World (1658) 246 [He] took the vawmure, which was of no great strength.

a1656 J. Ussher Ann. World (1658) 254 The Macedons therefore not having quite battered the inner wall, but onely undermined a vaumure made of brick.

1843 E. Bulwer-Lytton Last of Barons I. i. i. 4 Next, the Palace, with its bulwark and vawmure.]

β. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. cxxxiij^v On the Weste side was a greate rampire or banke, very stepe without and within, and like to a vamure of a fortresse, by the vamure the diches were .xxiiii. fote depe.1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry ii. f. 50 Wherin the vaumure must be so steepe, that it may not easily be climed.1600 E. Fairfax tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne xi. lxiv. 208 A mount thereof to make, Or else some vamure fit to saue the towne.1642 Speech Prince Rupert conc. erecting Forts 4 Their graffes or ditches being dry and their vamures unpallisado'd.γ. 1572 W. Malim tr. N. Martinengo True Rep. Famagosta f. 6^v To make vp again their vaymures, the which were throwen downe with the fury of the artilery.1572 W. Malim tr. N. Martinengo True Rep. Famagosta f. 5^v He threw downe more then halfe therof [a wall], breaking also one part of the vaymure.

Derivatives

† vaumure v. Obsolete rare (transitive) to provide with a vaumure or advanced earthwork.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > earthwork or rampart > protect or surround with rampart [verb (transitive)] > protect with outwork

vaumure1523

1523 Surrey in Morton Mon. Ann. Teviotdale (1832) 27 The said fortres was vawmeured with erthe of the beste sorte.., and had a barbican.

† vaumuring n. Obsolete rare the material forming a vaumure; vaumures collectively.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > earthwork or rampart > [noun] > outwork > material or collectively

vaumuringc1600

c1600 Surv. Carlisle Castle in W. Scott Border Antiq. (1814) I. 35 The vawmering of Calder-tower is in decay.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1916; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

单词	vaumure
释义	† vaumuren. Forms: α. Middle English–1600s (1800s) vawmure (1500s vawmeure, vawmer), 1500s–1600s vaumure. β. 1500s–1600s vamure (1500s vamer). γ. 1500s vaymure. Etymology: Reduced form of Anglo-Norman vaunt-mur: see vauntmure n. and avant-mure n. Obsolete. An advanced wall or earthwork thrown out in front of the main fortifications; the outer wall or series of walls of a fortification or fortress. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > earthwork or rampart > [noun] > outwork forewallOE barrace1380 before-wallinga1382 vaumurec1475 faussebraie1490 forework1497 vauntmure1562 counterguard1591 forefence1609 forefight?1611 outworkc1615 crownwork1638 false braye1645 crowned work1677 α. c1475 Contin. Brut.* ii. 577 The Flemmynges laid þeire gonnes to þe walles, & beete doun þe vawmures and þe walles. 1562 T. Phaer tr. Virgil Æneid D d j Afront the vaumures long..the legion wayting stood. 1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. Contin. 1427/2 Gods prouidence..ouerthrew a peece of the wall and vawmure of six and twentie poles. 1609 P. Holland tr. Ammianus Marcellinus Rom. Hist. 179 The safe recourse they had to the wall and vaumure strengthened with turfe defended these wait-layers from all danger. a1656 J. Ussher Ann. World (1658) 246 [He] took the vawmure, which was of no great strength. a1656 J. Ussher Ann. World (1658) 254 The Macedons therefore not having quite battered the inner wall, but onely undermined a vaumure made of brick. 1843 E. Bulwer-Lytton Last of Barons I. i. i. 4 Next, the Palace, with its bulwark and vawmure.] β. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. cxxxiij^v On the Weste side was a greate rampire or banke, very stepe without and within, and like to a vamure of a fortresse, by the vamure the diches were .xxiiii. fote depe.1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry ii. f. 50 Wherin the vaumure must be so steepe, that it may not easily be climed.1600 E. Fairfax tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne xi. lxiv. 208 A mount thereof to make, Or else some vamure fit to saue the towne.1642 Speech Prince Rupert conc. erecting Forts 4 Their graffes or ditches being dry and their vamures unpallisado'd.γ. 1572 W. Malim tr. N. Martinengo True Rep. Famagosta f. 6^v To make vp again their vaymures, the which were throwen downe with the fury of the artilery.1572 W. Malim tr. N. Martinengo True Rep. Famagosta f. 5^v He threw downe more then halfe therof [a wall], breaking also one part of the vaymure. Derivatives † vaumure v. Obsolete rare (transitive) to provide with a vaumure or advanced earthwork. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > earthwork or rampart > protect or surround with rampart [verb (transitive)] > protect with outwork vaumure1523 1523 Surrey in Morton Mon. Ann. Teviotdale (1832) 27 The said fortres was vawmeured with erthe of the beste sorte.., and had a barbican. † vaumuring n. Obsolete rare the material forming a vaumure; vaumures collectively. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > earthwork or rampart > [noun] > outwork > material or collectively vaumuringc1600 c1600 Surv. Carlisle Castle in W. Scott Border Antiq. (1814) I. 35 The vawmering of Calder-tower is in decay. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1916; most recently modified version published online March 2021). < n.c1475
随便看	behaves behaving behavior behavioral behaviorally behaviorism behaviorisms behavioristic behaviors behaviour behaviour data behaviour pattern behaviour segment behaviour therapy behaviour-cycle behaviour-study behaviour-system behaviour-trend behavioural behavioural economics behavioural economist behavioural science behavioural scientist behaviourally behaviourcycle