vanguardn.

Brit.

/ˈvanɡɑːd/,

/ˈvaŋɡɑːd/, U.S.

/ˈvænˌɡɑrd/

Forms: Also ScottishMiddle English vandgard, 1500s vandgarde, vandgaird; 1500s wangard(e, wanguard, wangaird, vangart, vangard(e, vangaird; 1500s vawegard.

Etymology: < Old French avangarde, variant of avantgarde : see vantguard n. Compare Italian vanguardia, Spanish vanguardia, Portuguese vanguarda.The form vawegard is after vaward n.

a. Military. The foremost division of an army; the forefront or van.The Scottish examples are placed first.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > part of army by position > [noun] > van or front

forerunnerseOE

vantward1297

formerward13..

forme-ward13..

vamward1338

fronta1375

pointa1382

frontier?a1400

vawarda1400

forayc1425

avantwardc1440

avant-garde1470

vanward1476

vantguard1485

vanguard1487

foreward1490

forefront1513

foremen1577

forefight?1611

vaunta1616

van1633

first line1663

front line1677

firing line1859

(a)

1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xi. 164 Till renownyt Erllis twa..He gaf the vandgard in ledyng.

1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid xii. v. 210 Alsus..ruschis abak for feir..In the vangart [1553 vandgarde] throw mony a poyntit glave.

1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. 224 This gude schir Loth the wangard led that da.

a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 270 The wandgaird was neir mearchant togither.

1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 313 He..obteynet the name and honour of Capitane of the kingis Vangaird.

(b)1503 Lett. Rich. III & Hen. VII (Rolls) I. 208 The Souchyvars whiche [were] appoyncted to kepe my vanguarde avaunced tha[ym for]wardes without my knowlege.1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VI f. clxxvj^v The vawegard was conducted by the erle of Warwycke.1598 R. Barret Theorike & Pract. Mod. Warres iii. 63 Let the Officer of the Vanguarde draw out three rankes of the armed pikes.1622 F. Markham Five Decades Epist. of Warre iv. viii. 151 As soone as the head or Vanguard beginneth, that in the same time the Reare bee ready to follow.1665 T. Manley tr. H. Grotius De Rebus Belgicis 389 Villars, the Commander of the Van-Guard.., being circumvented, and taken by Fontains Army.1693 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) III. 5 The landgraves vanguard pursued their rear.1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) Every Army is compos'd of three Parts, a Van-guard, Rear-guard, and Main Body.1780 Encycl. Brit. V. 3423 Van Guard. See Advanced Guard.1838 E. Bulwer-Lytton Leila iv. i. 167 Winding along the steeps of the mountain were seen the gleaming spears and pennants of the Moslem vanguard.1851 H. W. Longfellow Golden Legend i. 38 As when the vanguard of the Roman legions First saw it from the top of yonder hill!1875 C. Clery Minor Tactics vi. 76 The advanced party, which may be conveniently termed the Vanguard, is composed of cavalry and infantry.

b. In figurative use. Cf. avant-garde n. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > newness or novelty > [adjective] > innovative or innovated > avant-garde

vantguard1605

neodox1897

vanguard1958

futurological1970

edgy1976

1833 T. Carlyle Sartor Resartus in Fraser's Mag. Nov. 586/2 At length..Germany and Weissnichtwo were, where they should be, in the vanguard of the world.

1856 A. P. Stanley Sinai & Palestine ii. 116 Palestine..was then the vanguard of the eastern, and therefore, of the civilised world.

1878 G. F. Maclear Celts i. 12 They were to form the vanguard in the Missionary history of Europe.

attributive.1888 Cent. Mag. 36 657 All day his vanguard spirit, flaming bright, Bore up the brunt of unavailing fight.1958 Times 9 Sept. 5/1 But it was not the pretentious nonsense that so often passes for ‘vanguard’ culture.1977 Guardian Weekly 16 Oct. 19/3 One prominent vanguard dealer in London..had only sold one single work so far this year.1980 Listener 13 Nov. 648/3 Today, vanguard art seems to have lost its ‘political’ role.

c. In Communism, the elite party cadre which, according to Lenin, would be used to organize the masses as a revolutionary force and to give effect to communist planning.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > politics > party politics > a party > [noun] > Communist Party > small group > elite

vanguard1928

1928 E. Paul & C. Paul tr. J. Stalin Leninism I. 95 As far back as 1902, foreseeing the special role of our Party, he [sc. Lenin] thought it necessary to point out that: Only a party guided by an advanced theory can act as vanguard in the fight.

1941 tr. V. Lenin One Step Forward 85 The stronger our Party organizations..the richer..will be the influence of the Party on the elements of the working class masses..guided by it. After all, the Party, as the vanguard of the working class, must not be confused with the entire class.

1952 P. Selznick Organizational Weapon 10 Only the vanguard is exposed to a full statement of communist aims and methods.

1973 C. D. Kernig Marxism, Communism & Western Society VIII. 270/1 The vanguard proves itself both in and after the victorious proletarian revolution by taking over the leadership in all spheres of life.

d. (With capital initial.) The name of a political party in Northern Ireland, representing a secession from Ulster Unionism. Frequently attributive.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > politics > Irish politics > [noun] > parties

alliance1703

Sinn Fein1905

S.F.1922

Fianna Fáil1927

Fine Gael1933

Alliance Party1970

S.D.L.P.1970

vanguard1972

U.P.N.I.1975

1972 Times 14 Feb. 2/4 A crowd of 1,500 attended a rally called by Mr William Craig, MP for Larne, who has founded what he calls the Vanguard Movement.

1972 Times 13 Mar. 1/4 When it began three months ago, Vanguard was described by one Government minister as a ‘comic opera’.

1973 Times 31 Mar. 1/2 Mr William Craig…chose the steps of Stormont to announce the formation of the Vanguard Unionist Progressive Party.

1975 Butler & Sloman Brit. Polit. Facts 1900–79 (ed. 4) xvi. 354 On June 28, 1973 the..Assembly was elected; its composition was 22 Ulster Unionist..15 Loyalist Coalition (7 Vanguard..8 Democratic Unionist), [etc.].

1982 M. Wallace Brit. Govt. in Northern Ireland vii. 133 The Vanguard Unionists had decided in November 1977 to return to the official Unionist Party, while remaining a ‘movement’.

2. elliptical. The name of a variety of peach.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > stone fruit > peach > types of peach

presse1604

avant-peach1611

man peach1629

nutmeg1629

Roman peach1629

muscat1664

Rambouillet1664

winter peach1664

rumbullion1670

Orleans1674

pavie1675

Magdalenea1678

minion1691

admirable1693

maudlin1699

clingstone1705

nipple peach1719

rareripe1722

melter1766

vanguard1786

freestone1807

cling1845

lemon cling1848

peregrine1903

doughnut peach1993

1786 J. Abercrombie Arrangem. Plants 14 in Gardeners Daily Assistant Peaches... Vanguard.

1802 W. Forsyth Treat. Fruit-trees iii. 28 To the fore-going may be added,..Smooth-leaved Royal George..Steward's late Gallande..Vanguard.

1860 R. Hogg Fruit Man. 147 Vanguard.—This is a variety of Noblesse... The only apparent distinction is in the habit of the trees, which in Vanguard is much more robust and hardy than in the Noblesse.

Derivatives

ˈvanguardism n. the quality of being in the vanguard of a political, cultural, or artistic movement (cf. avant-gardism n. at avant-garde n. Derivatives).

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > newness or novelty > [noun] > innovation or avant-gardism

innovation1553

innovating1591

cutting edge1851

avant-gardism1950

vanguardism1952

innovativeness1962

gee-whizzery1971

1952 P. Selznick Organizational Weapon ii. 91 (heading) Vanguardism in semicolonial areas.

1971 New Yorker 16 Oct. 148/2 The integration of art and non-art is the essence of twentieth-century vanguardism in art.

1976 New Yorker 12 Jan. 22/1 Just being there must make the average armchair nihilist want to argue with his fellow-man over the merits of anarcho-syndicalism, vanguardism, and radical conformism.

1981 Times Lit. Suppl. 24 Apr. 465 (heading) From vanguardism to fascism.

ˈvanguardist n. a person in the vanguard of a political, cultural, or artistic movement; also attributive or as adj.; (cf. avant-gardist n. at avant-garde n. Derivatives).

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > newness or novelty > [noun] > innovation or avant-gardism > innovator or avant-gardist

novelist1593

innovator1598

novateur1600

novator1600

noveller1604

novist1660

setter-up1713

innovationist1800

vanguardist1934

avant-gardist1940

1934 Webster's New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. Vanguardist.

1964 Spectator 15 May 664/1 It is not true that this complex personality comes out of the same box as Rauschenberg. That vanguardist exclaims, ‘Hell, what a marvellous universe.’

1976 Spare Rib Nov. 21/1 After wading through some vanguardist rhetoric, and an informal discussion..things became even more complicated.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1916; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	vanguard
释义	vanguardn. Brit. /ˈvanɡɑːd/, /ˈvaŋɡɑːd/, U.S. /ˈvænˌɡɑrd/ Forms: Also ScottishMiddle English vandgard, 1500s vandgarde, vandgaird; 1500s wangard(e, wanguard, wangaird, vangart, vangard(e, vangaird; 1500s vawegard. Etymology: < Old French avangarde, variant of avantgarde : see vantguard n. Compare Italian vanguardia, Spanish vanguardia, Portuguese vanguarda.The form vawegard is after vaward n. 1. a. Military. The foremost division of an army; the forefront or van.The Scottish examples are placed first. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > part of army by position > [noun] > van or front forerunnerseOE vantward1297 formerward13.. forme-ward13.. vamward1338 fronta1375 pointa1382 frontier?a1400 vawarda1400 forayc1425 avantwardc1440 avant-garde1470 vanward1476 vantguard1485 vanguard1487 foreward1490 forefront1513 foremen1577 forefight?1611 vaunta1616 van1633 first line1663 front line1677 firing line1859 (a) 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xi. 164 Till renownyt Erllis twa..He gaf the vandgard in ledyng. 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid xii. v. 210 Alsus..ruschis abak for feir..In the vangart [1553 vandgarde] throw mony a poyntit glave. 1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. 224 This gude schir Loth the wangard led that da. a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 270 The wandgaird was neir mearchant togither. 1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 313 He..obteynet the name and honour of Capitane of the kingis Vangaird. (b)1503 Lett. Rich. III & Hen. VII (Rolls) I. 208 The Souchyvars whiche [were] appoyncted to kepe my vanguarde avaunced tha[ym for]wardes without my knowlege.1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VI f. clxxvj^v The vawegard was conducted by the erle of Warwycke.1598 R. Barret Theorike & Pract. Mod. Warres iii. 63 Let the Officer of the Vanguarde draw out three rankes of the armed pikes.1622 F. Markham Five Decades Epist. of Warre iv. viii. 151 As soone as the head or Vanguard beginneth, that in the same time the Reare bee ready to follow.1665 T. Manley tr. H. Grotius De Rebus Belgicis 389 Villars, the Commander of the Van-Guard.., being circumvented, and taken by Fontains Army.1693 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) III. 5 The landgraves vanguard pursued their rear.1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) Every Army is compos'd of three Parts, a Van-guard, Rear-guard, and Main Body.1780 Encycl. Brit. V. 3423 Van Guard. See Advanced Guard.1838 E. Bulwer-Lytton Leila iv. i. 167 Winding along the steeps of the mountain were seen the gleaming spears and pennants of the Moslem vanguard.1851 H. W. Longfellow Golden Legend i. 38 As when the vanguard of the Roman legions First saw it from the top of yonder hill!1875 C. Clery Minor Tactics vi. 76 The advanced party, which may be conveniently termed the Vanguard, is composed of cavalry and infantry. b. In figurative use. Cf. avant-garde n. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > newness or novelty > [adjective] > innovative or innovated > avant-garde vantguard1605 neodox1897 vanguard1958 futurological1970 edgy1976 1833 T. Carlyle Sartor Resartus in Fraser's Mag. Nov. 586/2 At length..Germany and Weissnichtwo were, where they should be, in the vanguard of the world. 1856 A. P. Stanley Sinai & Palestine ii. 116 Palestine..was then the vanguard of the eastern, and therefore, of the civilised world. 1878 G. F. Maclear Celts i. 12 They were to form the vanguard in the Missionary history of Europe. attributive.1888 Cent. Mag. 36 657 All day his vanguard spirit, flaming bright, Bore up the brunt of unavailing fight.1958 Times 9 Sept. 5/1 But it was not the pretentious nonsense that so often passes for ‘vanguard’ culture.1977 Guardian Weekly 16 Oct. 19/3 One prominent vanguard dealer in London..had only sold one single work so far this year.1980 Listener 13 Nov. 648/3 Today, vanguard art seems to have lost its ‘political’ role. c. In Communism, the elite party cadre which, according to Lenin, would be used to organize the masses as a revolutionary force and to give effect to communist planning. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > party politics > a party > [noun] > Communist Party > small group > elite vanguard1928 1928 E. Paul & C. Paul tr. J. Stalin Leninism I. 95 As far back as 1902, foreseeing the special role of our Party, he [sc. Lenin] thought it necessary to point out that: Only a party guided by an advanced theory can act as vanguard in the fight. 1941 tr. V. Lenin One Step Forward 85 The stronger our Party organizations..the richer..will be the influence of the Party on the elements of the working class masses..guided by it. After all, the Party, as the vanguard of the working class, must not be confused with the entire class. 1952 P. Selznick Organizational Weapon 10 Only the vanguard is exposed to a full statement of communist aims and methods. 1973 C. D. Kernig Marxism, Communism & Western Society VIII. 270/1 The vanguard proves itself both in and after the victorious proletarian revolution by taking over the leadership in all spheres of life. d. (With capital initial.) The name of a political party in Northern Ireland, representing a secession from Ulster Unionism. Frequently attributive. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > Irish politics > [noun] > parties alliance1703 Sinn Fein1905 S.F.1922 Fianna Fáil1927 Fine Gael1933 Alliance Party1970 S.D.L.P.1970 vanguard1972 U.P.N.I.1975 1972 Times 14 Feb. 2/4 A crowd of 1,500 attended a rally called by Mr William Craig, MP for Larne, who has founded what he calls the Vanguard Movement. 1972 Times 13 Mar. 1/4 When it began three months ago, Vanguard was described by one Government minister as a ‘comic opera’. 1973 Times 31 Mar. 1/2 Mr William Craig…chose the steps of Stormont to announce the formation of the Vanguard Unionist Progressive Party. 1975 Butler & Sloman Brit. Polit. Facts 1900–79 (ed. 4) xvi. 354 On June 28, 1973 the..Assembly was elected; its composition was 22 Ulster Unionist..15 Loyalist Coalition (7 Vanguard..8 Democratic Unionist), [etc.]. 1982 M. Wallace Brit. Govt. in Northern Ireland vii. 133 The Vanguard Unionists had decided in November 1977 to return to the official Unionist Party, while remaining a ‘movement’. 2. elliptical. The name of a variety of peach. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > stone fruit > peach > types of peach presse1604 avant-peach1611 man peach1629 nutmeg1629 Roman peach1629 muscat1664 Rambouillet1664 winter peach1664 rumbullion1670 Orleans1674 pavie1675 Magdalenea1678 minion1691 admirable1693 maudlin1699 clingstone1705 nipple peach1719 rareripe1722 melter1766 vanguard1786 freestone1807 cling1845 lemon cling1848 peregrine1903 doughnut peach1993 1786 J. Abercrombie Arrangem. Plants 14 in Gardeners Daily Assistant Peaches... Vanguard. 1802 W. Forsyth Treat. Fruit-trees iii. 28 To the fore-going may be added,..Smooth-leaved Royal George..Steward's late Gallande..Vanguard. 1860 R. Hogg Fruit Man. 147 Vanguard.—This is a variety of Noblesse... The only apparent distinction is in the habit of the trees, which in Vanguard is much more robust and hardy than in the Noblesse. Derivatives ˈvanguardism n. the quality of being in the vanguard of a political, cultural, or artistic movement (cf. avant-gardism n. at avant-garde n. Derivatives). ΘΚΠ the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > newness or novelty > [noun] > innovation or avant-gardism innovation1553 innovating1591 cutting edge1851 avant-gardism1950 vanguardism1952 innovativeness1962 gee-whizzery1971 1952 P. Selznick Organizational Weapon ii. 91 (heading) Vanguardism in semicolonial areas. 1971 New Yorker 16 Oct. 148/2 The integration of art and non-art is the essence of twentieth-century vanguardism in art. 1976 New Yorker 12 Jan. 22/1 Just being there must make the average armchair nihilist want to argue with his fellow-man over the merits of anarcho-syndicalism, vanguardism, and radical conformism. 1981 Times Lit. Suppl. 24 Apr. 465 (heading) From vanguardism to fascism. ˈvanguardist n. a person in the vanguard of a political, cultural, or artistic movement; also attributive or as adj.; (cf. avant-gardist n. at avant-garde n. Derivatives). ΘΚΠ the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > newness or novelty > [noun] > innovation or avant-gardism > innovator or avant-gardist novelist1593 innovator1598 novateur1600 novator1600 noveller1604 novist1660 setter-up1713 innovationist1800 vanguardist1934 avant-gardist1940 1934 Webster's New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. Vanguardist. 1964 Spectator 15 May 664/1 It is not true that this complex personality comes out of the same box as Rauschenberg. That vanguardist exclaims, ‘Hell, what a marvellous universe.’ 1976 Spare Rib Nov. 21/1 After wading through some vanguardist rhetoric, and an informal discussion..things became even more complicated. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1916; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1487
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