buoyn.

Brit.

/bɔɪ/,

/bwɔɪ/, U.S.

/ˈbui/,

/bɔɪ/

Forms: Middle English–1600s boye, 1500s bwoy, ( buie, buy), 1500s–1700s boy, (1600s bouye, buye, boigh, bowie, boa, plural boes), 1600s– buoy.

Etymology: 15th cent. boye corresponds to Old French boye (Diez), boyee (Palsgrave), modern French bouée , Norman boie (Littré), Spanish boya , Portuguese boia ‘buoy’; Dutch boei , Middle Dutch boeie ‘buoy’, and ‘fetter’; the same word as Old French boie , buie , boe , bue , beue , Provençal boia , Old Spanish boya fetter, chain < Latin boia halter, fetter (compare boy n.²); applied to a buoy because of its being fettered to a spot. It is not clear whether the English was originally from Old French, or Middle Dutch. The pronunciation /bwɔɪ/, indicated already in Hakluyt, is recognized by all orthoepists British and American; but /bɔɪ/ is universal among sailors, and now prevalent in England: Annandale's Imperial Dictionary, 1885, has /bɔɪ/ or /bwɔɪ/, Cassell's Encyclopædic Dict., 1879, says ‘u silent’. Some orthoepists give /buɪ/.

a. A floating object fastened in a particular place to point out the position of things under the water (as anchors, shoals, rocks), or the course which ships have to take; or to float a cable in a rocky anchorage to prevent its chafing against the rocks (= cable-buoy n. at cable n. Compounds 2, mooring buoy n. at mooring n.¹ Compounds 1). bell-buoy, a buoy fitted with a bell, to ring with the agitation of the water, and so give warning of danger. See also can-buoy n., nun buoy n.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > buoys, marks, or lighthouses > [noun] > buoy

buoy1466

1466 in Manners & Househ. Expenses Eng. (1841) 325 Kabeles, and an hawser, and ij. boyes.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 199/1 Boy of an ancre, boyee.

1584 R. Norman tr. C. Antoniszoon Safegard of Sailers f. 6 The markes of the southern Buie.

1584 R. Norman tr. C. Antoniszoon Safegard of Sailers f. 10 The Buy upon the Nes.

1600 R. Hakluyt tr. G. B. Ramusio in Princ. Navigations (new ed.) III. 411 Marking..how our bwoy floated vpon the water.

a1661 W. Brereton Trav. (1844) 4 The Flats..where buoys are placed, 'twixt which all ships are to sail.

1677 A. Yarranton England's Improvem. 41 An Harbour..where a Boy and a Cord two Inches Diameter will be sufficient to a hold a Ship.

1802 R. Southey Inchcape Rock That bell on the Inchcape Rock; On a buoy in the storm it floated and swung, And over the waves its warning rung.

1840 T. Hood Up Rhine 23 The buoys which mark the entrance into the Maas.

1884 G. C. Davies Norfolk Broads xl. 315 The melancholy cadence of the bell-buoy.

b. Something adapted to buoy up or keep afloat a person in the water (= lifebuoy n. at life n. Compounds 3).

2. figurative. Something which marks out a course, indicates danger, or keeps one afloat.

ΘΠ

society > authority > control > [noun] > guidance > that which guides

lodestarc1374

clew1385

Palinurus1567

stern1577

thread1580

twist1580

sea-mark1589

Pole Star1590

cynosure1596

buoya1603

oracle1612

leading light1653

gospela1674

indexc1750

polar stara1774

pilot star1789

clue1840

guidance1841

guideline1917

breadcrumb trail1969

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > danger > warning of imminent danger or evil > [noun] > a warning sign, event, etc.

watchwordc1475

sea-mark1589

buoya1603

warning sign1628

red light1790

tocsin bell1823

tocsin1842

danger-signal1848

yellow light1940

warning bell1951

amber light1956

society > communication > indication > marking > marking out > [noun] > something which marks out a course

buoya1603

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > [noun] > means of protection or defence

hornc825

shieldc1200

warranta1272

bergha1325

armour1340

hedge1340

defencec1350

bucklerc1380

protectiona1382

safety1399

targea1400

suretyc1405

wall1412

pavise?a1439

fencec1440

safeguard?c1500

pale?a1525

waretack1542

muniment1546

shrouda1561

bulwark1577

countermure1581

ward1582

prevention1584

armourya1586

fortificationa1586

securitya1586

penthouse1589

palladium1600

guard1609

subtectacle1609

tutament1609

umbrella1609

bastion1615

screena1616

amulet1621

alexikakon1635

breastwork1643

security1643

protectionary1653

sepiment1660

back1680

shadower1691

aegis1760

inoculation1761

buoya1770

propugnaculum1773

panoply1789

armament1793

fascine1793

protective1827

beaver1838

face shield1842

vaccine1861

zariba1885

wolf-platform1906

firebreak1959

a1603 T. Cartwright Confut. Rhemists New Test. (1618) Pref. sig. C^v Which haue waded so farre..as the Bowies and markes of holy Scriptures doe teach them.

1660 Z. Crofton Αναληψις Ανεληϕθη To Rdr. 7 Reformed Churches [are made] our lanched boighs to detect our dangers.

a1770 G. Whitefield Serm. xxxii, in Wks. (1772) VI. 16 Love..is a..buoy against the tempests of this boisterous world.

1803 J. Bristed Ανθρωπλανομενος I. 149 Having no intellectual buoy by which to steer his course.

3. attributive. (See also buoy-rope n.)

1668 Bp. J. Wilkins Ess. Real Char. ii. vii. §6. 186 Cone with Cone: having Base to Base..Buoy figure.

1837 J. R. McCulloch Statist. Acct. Brit. Empire II. iv. iv. 287 Masters in the buoy or light service.

1870 Chambers's Jrnl. 15 Jan. 34/2 This ‘buoy-shifting’ is a duty which calls forth all the skill and energy of the officers and men.

1872 S. W. Baker Nile Tributaries Abyssinia (new ed.) xiii. 225 The buoy end is carried in the left hand.

a1877 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. I. Buoy-safe, a metallic body divided into compartments, by which it is braced, and having water-tight doors opening to the inside.

1921 Dict. Occup. Terms (1927) §731 Buoy master.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

buoyv.

Brit.

/bɔɪ/,

/bwɔɪ/, U.S.

/ˈbui/,

/bɔɪ/

Forms: Also 1600s boy, bouy.

Etymology: In senses 1 – 3 apparently adapted from some foreign source: compare Spanish boyar to float ( < boya buoy n.), and see buoyant adj.; in sense 4 < buoy n.

†1.

a. intransitive. To rise to, or float on, the surface of a liquid; to rise, swell (as the sea). Obsolete.

ΘΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > lightness > be light [verb (intransitive)] > rise due to lightness > be buoyant or rise to surface

fleetc1000

floata1100

swim1547

buoya1616

the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > wave > movement of waves > move restlessly about [verb (intransitive)] > swell

walma1300

redounda1382

swella1382

risea1400

grow1600

buoya1616

a1616 W. Shakespeare King Lear (1623) iii. vii. 58 The Sea, with such a storme..would haue buoy'd vp And quench'd the Stelled fires.

1625 S. Purchas Pilgrimes II. ix. xvi. 1617 Our Wine wee saued which boyed to the shoare.

1674 N. Fairfax Treat. Bulk & Selvedge 73 Which will not allow an heavy body left to itself within a flowsom one that is lighter, to buoy up.

†b. figurative. Obsolete.

ΘΠ

the world > action or operation > prosperity > advancement or progress > advance, progress, or develop [verb (intransitive)] > rise to the top

buoy1711

1711 A. Pope Ess. Crit. 27 Rising Merit will buoy up at last.

1716 A. Pope Corr. (1956) I. 353 Folly..will Buoy up..in spite of all our art to keep it down.

1744 E. Young Complaint: Night the Sixth 14 When the great Soul buoys up to this high Point.

a. transitive. To keep from sinking (in a fluid), to keep afloat; transferred to keep up, support, sustain. (Usually with up.)

ΘΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > lightness > make light or lighter [verb (transitive)] > buoy up

waft1646

buoy1653

the world > matter > liquid > action or process of floating > cause to float [verb (transitive)] > keep from sinking

buoy1653

the world > space > relative position > support > absence of support > hold up without support or in equilibrium [verb (transitive)]

hanga1382

poise1598

suspend1646

buoy1782

balance1841

1653 T. Barker Art of Angling 8 The Menow may swim.., being boyed up with a Cork or Quill.

1774 E. Burke Corr. (1844) I. 490 It is as hard to sink a cork, as to buoy up a lump of lead.

1782 A. Monro Ess. Compar. Anat. (ed. 3) 3 in Monro's Anat. Human Bones (new ed.) The bat and flying squirrel..have wings to buoy themselves up in the air.

1812 W. Irving Hist. N.Y. (ed. 2) I. ii. v. 104 Thus buoyed up, he floated on the waves.

b. To raise to the surface of a liquid; to bring afloat (e.g. a sunken ship).

ΘΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > upward movement > raising > make to go up or cause to rise [verb (transitive)] > raise to the surface > raise to surface of a liquid

buoya1640

a1640 J. Fletcher & P. Massinger Custome of Countrey i. i, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Aa2^v/1 I will descend to thee, And buoye thee up.

1667 London Gaz. No. 196/3 She sunk, with a Lighter..Great care is taking to Buoy them up with all the speed that may be.

1756 C. Lucas Ess. Waters iii. 297 They..buoy up some particles of the iron & carry it to the surface.

a. figurative. To keep up, keep from sinking, support, sustain (persons, courage, hope, heart, spirits, etc.). (Usually with up.)

ΘΠ

the mind > emotion > courage > encouragement > encourage or embolden [verb (transitive)]

hearteOE

bieldc897

hardenc1175

elnea1225

hardyc1225

boldc1275

hardishc1325

endurec1384

assurec1386

emboldc1400

recomfortc1405

enharda1450

support1479

enhardy1483

animatec1487

encourage1490

emboldishc1503

hearten1524

bolden1526

spright1531

raise1533

accourage1534

enheart1545

to hearten on1555

hearten?1556

alacriate1560

bespirit1574

bebrave1576

to put in heart1579

to hearten up1580

embolden1583

bravea1593

enhearten1610

inspiritc1610

rehearten1611

blood1622

mana1625

valiant1628

flush1633

firm1639

buoy1645

embrave1648

reinhearten1652

reanimate1655

reinspirit1660

to give mettle to1689

warm1697

to lift (up) a person's spirits1711

reman1715

to make a man of1722

respirit1725

elate1726

to cocker up1762

enharden1779

nerve1799

boost1815

brace1816

high-mettle1831

braven1865

brazen1884

1645 in J. Rushworth Hist. Coll.: Fourth Pt. (1701) I. 136 Lord Byron buoy'd up with continual hopes.

1681 J. Dryden Absalom & Achitophel 26 Brave to buoy the State.

a1797 H. Walpole Mem. George III (1845) I. ix. 135 France had been buoyed up by the ambition..of Spain.

1836 F. Marryat Japhet II. xix. 183 The hopes which had been..buoying me up.

b. To raise, lift, cause to rise (the heart, spirits, etc.). (Usually with up.)

ΘΠ

the mind > emotion > pleasure > cheerfulness > make cheerful [verb (transitive)]

to mend a person's cheera1325

raisec1384

cherishc1400

rehetec1400

blithec1440

cheer1440

lightena1450

light?1473

embellish1481

hearten1524

exhilarate1540

laetificate1547

to cheer up1550

lift1572

to do a person's heart good1575

acheera1592

upcheerc1595

cherry1596

relevate1598

encheer1605

brighten1607

buoy1652

undumpisha1661

to lift (up) a person's spirits1711

cheerfulize1781

blithen1824

pearten1827

chirk1843

to chipper up1873

to chirp up188.

to buck up1909

1652 J. Wadsworth tr. P. de Sandoval Civil Wars Spain 181 They ought to..boüy them up out of that gulf of miserie whereinto they were plunged.

a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Devon 262 Hearts sunk down are not to be boyed up.

1796 E. Burke Two Lett. Peace Regicide Directory France i. 10 Buoyed up to the highest point of practical vigour.

a1850 D. G. Rossetti Dante & Circle (1874) i. 185 The spirits of thy life depart Daily to heaven with her—they so are buoy'd With their desire.

4. To furnish or mark with a buoy or buoys; to mark as with a buoy (rarely with out).

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > buoys, marks, or lighthouses > [verb (transitive)] > furnish or mark with buoy(s)

buoy1596

1596 W. Raleigh Discoverie Guiana (new ed.) 36 Which shold [= shoal] John Douglas boyed and bekonned for them before.

1707 London Gaz. No. 4350/3 They have..lately buoy'd a new Chanel..with 3 Black Buoys.

1710 in J. A. Picton City of Liverpool: Select. Munic. Rec. (1886) II. 49 The buoying out of Formby Channell.

1770 J. Cook Jrnl. 20 July (1955) I. 362 I went and sounded and buoy'd the bar.

1883 Duke of Argyll Speech House of Lords 19 July Rocks on the [Scotch] west coast are not sufficiently buoyed and beaconed.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	buoy
释义	buoyn. Brit. /bɔɪ/, /bwɔɪ/, U.S. /ˈbui/, /bɔɪ/ Forms: Middle English–1600s boye, 1500s bwoy, ( buie, buy), 1500s–1700s boy, (1600s bouye, buye, boigh, bowie, boa, plural boes), 1600s– buoy. Etymology: 15th cent. boye corresponds to Old French boye (Diez), boyee (Palsgrave), modern French bouée , Norman boie (Littré), Spanish boya , Portuguese boia ‘buoy’; Dutch boei , Middle Dutch boeie ‘buoy’, and ‘fetter’; the same word as Old French boie , buie , boe , bue , beue , Provençal boia , Old Spanish boya fetter, chain < Latin boia halter, fetter (compare boy n.²); applied to a buoy because of its being fettered to a spot. It is not clear whether the English was originally from Old French, or Middle Dutch. The pronunciation /bwɔɪ/, indicated already in Hakluyt, is recognized by all orthoepists British and American; but /bɔɪ/ is universal among sailors, and now prevalent in England: Annandale's Imperial Dictionary, 1885, has /bɔɪ/ or /bwɔɪ/, Cassell's Encyclopædic Dict., 1879, says ‘u silent’. Some orthoepists give /buɪ/. 1. a. A floating object fastened in a particular place to point out the position of things under the water (as anchors, shoals, rocks), or the course which ships have to take; or to float a cable in a rocky anchorage to prevent its chafing against the rocks (= cable-buoy n. at cable n. Compounds 2, mooring buoy n. at mooring n.¹ Compounds 1). bell-buoy, a buoy fitted with a bell, to ring with the agitation of the water, and so give warning of danger. See also can-buoy n., nun buoy n. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > buoys, marks, or lighthouses > [noun] > buoy buoy1466 1466 in Manners & Househ. Expenses Eng. (1841) 325 Kabeles, and an hawser, and ij. boyes. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 199/1 Boy of an ancre, boyee. 1584 R. Norman tr. C. Antoniszoon Safegard of Sailers f. 6 The markes of the southern Buie. 1584 R. Norman tr. C. Antoniszoon Safegard of Sailers f. 10 The Buy upon the Nes. 1600 R. Hakluyt tr. G. B. Ramusio in Princ. Navigations (new ed.) III. 411 Marking..how our bwoy floated vpon the water. a1661 W. Brereton Trav. (1844) 4 The Flats..where buoys are placed, 'twixt which all ships are to sail. 1677 A. Yarranton England's Improvem. 41 An Harbour..where a Boy and a Cord two Inches Diameter will be sufficient to a hold a Ship. 1802 R. Southey Inchcape Rock That bell on the Inchcape Rock; On a buoy in the storm it floated and swung, And over the waves its warning rung. 1840 T. Hood Up Rhine 23 The buoys which mark the entrance into the Maas. 1884 G. C. Davies Norfolk Broads xl. 315 The melancholy cadence of the bell-buoy. b. Something adapted to buoy up or keep afloat a person in the water (= lifebuoy n. at life n. Compounds 3). 2. figurative. Something which marks out a course, indicates danger, or keeps one afloat. ΘΠ society > authority > control > [noun] > guidance > that which guides lodestarc1374 clew1385 Palinurus1567 stern1577 thread1580 twist1580 sea-mark1589 Pole Star1590 cynosure1596 buoya1603 oracle1612 leading light1653 gospela1674 indexc1750 polar stara1774 pilot star1789 clue1840 guidance1841 guideline1917 breadcrumb trail1969 the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > danger > warning of imminent danger or evil > [noun] > a warning sign, event, etc. watchwordc1475 sea-mark1589 buoya1603 warning sign1628 red light1790 tocsin bell1823 tocsin1842 danger-signal1848 yellow light1940 warning bell1951 amber light1956 society > communication > indication > marking > marking out > [noun] > something which marks out a course buoya1603 the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > [noun] > means of protection or defence hornc825 shieldc1200 warranta1272 bergha1325 armour1340 hedge1340 defencec1350 bucklerc1380 protectiona1382 safety1399 targea1400 suretyc1405 wall1412 pavise?a1439 fencec1440 safeguard?c1500 pale?a1525 waretack1542 muniment1546 shrouda1561 bulwark1577 countermure1581 ward1582 prevention1584 armourya1586 fortificationa1586 securitya1586 penthouse1589 palladium1600 guard1609 subtectacle1609 tutament1609 umbrella1609 bastion1615 screena1616 amulet1621 alexikakon1635 breastwork1643 security1643 protectionary1653 sepiment1660 back1680 shadower1691 aegis1760 inoculation1761 buoya1770 propugnaculum1773 panoply1789 armament1793 fascine1793 protective1827 beaver1838 face shield1842 vaccine1861 zariba1885 wolf-platform1906 firebreak1959 a1603 T. Cartwright Confut. Rhemists New Test. (1618) Pref. sig. C^v Which haue waded so farre..as the Bowies and markes of holy Scriptures doe teach them. 1660 Z. Crofton Αναληψις Ανεληϕθη To Rdr. 7 Reformed Churches [are made] our lanched boighs to detect our dangers. a1770 G. Whitefield Serm. xxxii, in Wks. (1772) VI. 16 Love..is a..buoy against the tempests of this boisterous world. 1803 J. Bristed Ανθρωπλανομενος I. 149 Having no intellectual buoy by which to steer his course. 3. attributive. (See also buoy-rope n.) Π 1668 Bp. J. Wilkins Ess. Real Char. ii. vii. §6. 186 Cone with Cone: having Base to Base..Buoy figure. 1837 J. R. McCulloch Statist. Acct. Brit. Empire II. iv. iv. 287 Masters in the buoy or light service. 1870 Chambers's Jrnl. 15 Jan. 34/2 This ‘buoy-shifting’ is a duty which calls forth all the skill and energy of the officers and men. 1872 S. W. Baker Nile Tributaries Abyssinia (new ed.) xiii. 225 The buoy end is carried in the left hand. a1877 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. I. Buoy-safe, a metallic body divided into compartments, by which it is braced, and having water-tight doors opening to the inside. 1921 Dict. Occup. Terms (1927) §731 Buoy master. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online December 2021). buoyv. Brit. /bɔɪ/, /bwɔɪ/, U.S. /ˈbui/, /bɔɪ/ Forms: Also 1600s boy, bouy. Etymology: In senses 1 – 3 apparently adapted from some foreign source: compare Spanish boyar to float ( < boya buoy n.), and see buoyant adj.; in sense 4 < buoy n. †1. a. intransitive. To rise to, or float on, the surface of a liquid; to rise, swell (as the sea). Obsolete. ΘΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > lightness > be light [verb (intransitive)] > rise due to lightness > be buoyant or rise to surface fleetc1000 floata1100 swim1547 buoya1616 the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > wave > movement of waves > move restlessly about [verb (intransitive)] > swell walma1300 redounda1382 swella1382 risea1400 grow1600 buoya1616 a1616 W. Shakespeare King Lear (1623) iii. vii. 58 The Sea, with such a storme..would haue buoy'd vp And quench'd the Stelled fires. 1625 S. Purchas Pilgrimes II. ix. xvi. 1617 Our Wine wee saued which boyed to the shoare. 1674 N. Fairfax Treat. Bulk & Selvedge 73 Which will not allow an heavy body left to itself within a flowsom one that is lighter, to buoy up. †b. figurative. Obsolete. ΘΠ the world > action or operation > prosperity > advancement or progress > advance, progress, or develop [verb (intransitive)] > rise to the top buoy1711 1711 A. Pope Ess. Crit. 27 Rising Merit will buoy up at last. 1716 A. Pope Corr. (1956) I. 353 Folly..will Buoy up..in spite of all our art to keep it down. 1744 E. Young Complaint: Night the Sixth 14 When the great Soul buoys up to this high Point. 2. a. transitive. To keep from sinking (in a fluid), to keep afloat; transferred to keep up, support, sustain. (Usually with up.) ΘΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > lightness > make light or lighter [verb (transitive)] > buoy up waft1646 buoy1653 the world > matter > liquid > action or process of floating > cause to float [verb (transitive)] > keep from sinking buoy1653 the world > space > relative position > support > absence of support > hold up without support or in equilibrium [verb (transitive)] hanga1382 poise1598 suspend1646 buoy1782 balance1841 1653 T. Barker Art of Angling 8 The Menow may swim.., being boyed up with a Cork or Quill. 1774 E. Burke Corr. (1844) I. 490 It is as hard to sink a cork, as to buoy up a lump of lead. 1782 A. Monro Ess. Compar. Anat. (ed. 3) 3 in Monro's Anat. Human Bones (new ed.) The bat and flying squirrel..have wings to buoy themselves up in the air. 1812 W. Irving Hist. N.Y. (ed. 2) I. ii. v. 104 Thus buoyed up, he floated on the waves. b. To raise to the surface of a liquid; to bring afloat (e.g. a sunken ship). ΘΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > upward movement > raising > make to go up or cause to rise [verb (transitive)] > raise to the surface > raise to surface of a liquid buoya1640 a1640 J. Fletcher & P. Massinger Custome of Countrey i. i, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Aa2^v/1 I will descend to thee, And buoye thee up. 1667 London Gaz. No. 196/3 She sunk, with a Lighter..Great care is taking to Buoy them up with all the speed that may be. 1756 C. Lucas Ess. Waters iii. 297 They..buoy up some particles of the iron & carry it to the surface. 3. a. figurative. To keep up, keep from sinking, support, sustain (persons, courage, hope, heart, spirits, etc.). (Usually with up.) ΘΠ the mind > emotion > courage > encouragement > encourage or embolden [verb (transitive)] hearteOE bieldc897 hardenc1175 elnea1225 hardyc1225 boldc1275 hardishc1325 endurec1384 assurec1386 emboldc1400 recomfortc1405 enharda1450 support1479 enhardy1483 animatec1487 encourage1490 emboldishc1503 hearten1524 bolden1526 spright1531 raise1533 accourage1534 enheart1545 to hearten on1555 hearten?1556 alacriate1560 bespirit1574 bebrave1576 to put in heart1579 to hearten up1580 embolden1583 bravea1593 enhearten1610 inspiritc1610 rehearten1611 blood1622 mana1625 valiant1628 flush1633 firm1639 buoy1645 embrave1648 reinhearten1652 reanimate1655 reinspirit1660 to give mettle to1689 warm1697 to lift (up) a person's spirits1711 reman1715 to make a man of1722 respirit1725 elate1726 to cocker up1762 enharden1779 nerve1799 boost1815 brace1816 high-mettle1831 braven1865 brazen1884 1645 in J. Rushworth Hist. Coll.: Fourth Pt. (1701) I. 136 Lord Byron buoy'd up with continual hopes. 1681 J. Dryden Absalom & Achitophel 26 Brave to buoy the State. a1797 H. Walpole Mem. George III (1845) I. ix. 135 France had been buoyed up by the ambition..of Spain. 1836 F. Marryat Japhet II. xix. 183 The hopes which had been..buoying me up. b. To raise, lift, cause to rise (the heart, spirits, etc.). (Usually with up.) ΘΠ the mind > emotion > pleasure > cheerfulness > make cheerful [verb (transitive)] to mend a person's cheera1325 raisec1384 cherishc1400 rehetec1400 blithec1440 cheer1440 lightena1450 light?1473 embellish1481 hearten1524 exhilarate1540 laetificate1547 to cheer up1550 lift1572 to do a person's heart good1575 acheera1592 upcheerc1595 cherry1596 relevate1598 encheer1605 brighten1607 buoy1652 undumpisha1661 to lift (up) a person's spirits1711 cheerfulize1781 blithen1824 pearten1827 chirk1843 to chipper up1873 to chirp up188. to buck up1909 1652 J. Wadsworth tr. P. de Sandoval Civil Wars Spain 181 They ought to..boüy them up out of that gulf of miserie whereinto they were plunged. a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Devon 262 Hearts sunk down are not to be boyed up. 1796 E. Burke Two Lett. Peace Regicide Directory France i. 10 Buoyed up to the highest point of practical vigour. a1850 D. G. Rossetti Dante & Circle (1874) i. 185 The spirits of thy life depart Daily to heaven with her—they so are buoy'd With their desire. 4. To furnish or mark with a buoy or buoys; to mark as with a buoy (rarely with out). ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > buoys, marks, or lighthouses > [verb (transitive)] > furnish or mark with buoy(s) buoy1596 1596 W. Raleigh Discoverie Guiana (new ed.) 36 Which shold [= shoal] John Douglas boyed and bekonned for them before. 1707 London Gaz. No. 4350/3 They have..lately buoy'd a new Chanel..with 3 Black Buoys. 1710 in J. A. Picton City of Liverpool: Select. Munic. Rec. (1886) II. 49 The buoying out of Formby Channell. 1770 J. Cook Jrnl. 20 July (1955) I. 362 I went and sounded and buoy'd the bar. 1883 Duke of Argyll Speech House of Lords 19 July Rocks on the [Scotch] west coast are not sufficiently buoyed and beaconed. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1466v.1596
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