upwardsadv.prep.

/ˈʌpwədz/

Forms: Old English upweardes, uppweardes, Middle English–1500s upwardes (1500s upp-), Middle English, 1500s vpwardes, 1500s–1600s vp-, 1600s– upwards (1600s upp-); 1500s Scottish vpwartis, 1800s dialect up-, uppards, etc.

Etymology: Old English up- , uppweardes , < upweard upward adv. + -es of adverbial genitive: see -wards suffix. Compare Old Saxon upwardas, Middle Low German upwordes, Middle Dutch op-, upwaerts, -werdes, etc. (Dutch opwaarts), Middle High German ufwertes (German aufwärts).

A. adv.

I. To or towards a position that is physically higher, and related uses.

a. = upward adv. 1a. †to make upwards (quots. 1575¹, 1575²): see make v.¹ 65.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > upward movement > [adverb]

upc888

upwardsc888

upwardOE

upc1384

roofward1844

roofwards1845

whereup1880

c888 Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. xxxiv. §10 Þæt he onginð of þæm wyrtrumum & swa upweardes grewð oð ðone stemn.

c1000 Boeth. Metr. xiii. 62 Sio sunne..stihð a upweardes, oð hio eft cymeð þær hire yfemesð bið eard gecynde.

a1425 Edward, Duke of York Master of Game (Digby) xiii Þe tayle..streight and a litell crompynge vpward [MS. Reg. vpwardes].

1575 G. Turberville Bk. Faulconrie 158 To make a high fleeing Hawke vpwards.

1575 G. Turberville Bk. Faulconrie 158 It hapneth oftentimes that a Hawke..will yet be long before she be made vpwards.

1578 J. Banister Hist. Man v. f. 76 The vretarie vessels..also prohibite that vpwardes none [sc. urine] may returne agayne.

1613 Bible: Gen. vii. 20 Fifteene cubits vpwards [1611 vpward], did the waters preuaile.

1647 A. Cowley My Fate in Mistress i Go bid the Stones a journey upwards make.

1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 62. ¶5 His ambitious Love is a Fire that naturally mounts upwards.

1786 J. Pinkerton Anc. Sc. Poems I. p. lxvii Their shoulders are moved upwards and downwards.

1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art II. 189 A dry glass rod or tube, rubbed..upwards and downwards with a dry hand.

1827 M. Faraday Chem. Manip. iv. 89 Another..mode..is to continue the furnace upwards by a deep ring.

1858 G. Glenny Gardener's Every-day Bk. (new ed.) 230/2 These..trailing plants..are more frequently trained upwards.

figurative.1828 E. Bulwer-Lytton Pelham II. xvi. 154 Men..who join ignorance of every principle of legislation to indifference for every benefit to the people..who level upwards, and trample downwards.1905 Forsyth in Contemp. Rev. Oct. 581 The Christ needs the apostle, the preacher. The Mediator upwards needs mediators downwards.in extended use.1907 J. H. Patterson Man-eaters of Tsavo viii. 87 Lions always begin at the tail of their prey and eat upwards towards the head.in combination.1844 H. M. Noad Lect. Electr. (ed. 2) 272 The upwards bent platinum wire.

b. = upward adv. 1b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > direction > specific directions > [adverb] > in upward direction

upc888

upwardsc890

upwardOE

anovewardOE

countermount1513

upwith1513

supernally1596

headward1786

upwardly1816

upways1890

up-along1963

c890 Wærferth tr. Gregory's Dial. 286 Þa færinga locode heo uppweardes,..& geseah þone hælend þider cuman to hire.

c1000 Sax. Leechd. III. 38 Nim mid þinum twam handum uppeweardes.

c1175 Lamb. Hom. 59 Neb upwardes he him [sc. man] wrohte.

c1400 Pepysian Gosp. Harmony (1922) 70 Jesus..wiþstoode and bihelde hym vpwardes.

1648 H. Hexham Groot Woorden-boeck Opwaerts sien, to See upwards, or to Looke on high.

1709 T. Robinson Vindic. Mosaick Syst. 112 in Ess. Nat. Hist. Westmorland & Cumberland Man..hath his Head upwards towards Heaven.

1795–6 W. Wordsworth Borderers ii. 988 Upwards I cast my eyes.

1817 P. B. Shelley Laon & Cythna v. xlix. 117 She paused, and pointed upwards.

1850 W. Wordsworth Prelude vii. 179 Behold, turned upwards, a face hard and strong In lineaments.

1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. ii. 21 Looking upwards we saw a series of coloured rings.

c. figurative. = upward adv. 1c.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > prosperity > advancement or progress > [adverb]

upwardc1175

upwards1557

1557 in E. Lodge Illustr. Brit. Hist. (1791) I. 274 Prisoners..of the degree of a Baron, or uppwardes.

1605 in Archaeologia (1800) 13 321 The lorde who beeinge an earle or upwardes,..is to have..a cloathe of estate.

1732 G. Berkeley Alciphron I. v. xxxiii. 339 The Army; wherein the Tendency is always upwards from lower Posts to higher.

1855 Poultry Chron. 2 423 The character of the..fowls proves that their progress is upwards in quality.

attributive.1849 F. W. Robertson Serm. (1863) 4th Ser. 160 Not mere change, but true, ever upwards progress.

d. = upward adv. 1d.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > monetary value > price > fluctuation in price > [adverb] > increasing or increased in price

up1546

on the rise1805

upward1874

upwards1874

1874 Times 1 Jan. 7/6 Coffee.—A strong demand prevails, with few sellers, and the market still tends upwards.

1875 Economist 2 Jan. 5/2 Straits tin..after a moderate reaction upwards fell to 92l 5s in August.

2. = upward adv. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > direction > specific directions > [adverb] > in inward direction or towards interior

upwarda1000

inwardc1000

upwards1513

inwards1598

withinward1611

inwardly1667

in-bye1768

inwith1768

the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > system > [preposition] > towards source

upwards1513

1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid viii. ii. 65 Bayth nycht and day ilk man..Can spend in routh..Our slidand fast vpwartis the river.

1538 in T. Wright Three Chapters Lett. Suppression Monasteries (1843) 245 I am cumyng upwardes [= to London] as fast as my sekenes will suffre me.

1598 W. Phillip tr. J. H. van Linschoten Disc. Voy. E. & W. Indies i. x. 19/2 First Daman from thence fifteene miles vpwardes..the towne of Basaiin.

1601 R. Hakluyt tr. A. Galvano Discov. World 90 From thence vpwards..he went along the coast of the Abassins.

1662 R. Venables Experienc'd Angler x. 99 In small Brooks you may angle upwards.

1801 Rusher's Reading Guide 7 The Mail Coaches to and from Bath, Bristol, &c. pass upwards and downwards every night.

1869 H. F. Tozer Res. Highlands of Turkey I. 184 We followed this stream upwards.

1893 Field 17 June 904/3 For years the labourers have been in the habit of going ‘upwards’—that is, up round London—for mowing and haymaking.

figurative.a1807 W. Wordsworth Prelude (1959) x. 410 This..Sour'd and corrupted upwards to the source My sentiments.

a. = upward adv. 3.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > high position > [adverb] > higher

highereOE

upwarda1300

upperc1384

uppermorec1400

superiorly1556

upwards1577

superior1718

1577 Vicary's Profitable Treat. Anat. sig. I.i The brode ende..[of the heart] is vpwardes, and the sharpe ende is downewardes.

1600 W. Shakespeare Much Ado about Nothing iii. ii. 63 She shall be buried with her face vpwards .

1658 J. Rowland tr. T. Moffett Theater of Insects in Topsell's Hist. Four-footed Beasts (rev. ed.) 928 The mouthes or passages of their cells are..altogether downward; and they very providently place the bottom of their cels upwards, that [etc.].

1678 J. Moxon Mech. Dyalling 18 Holding the Center A upwards, so as the Plumb-line play free in the Grove.

1678 J. Moxon Mech. Dyalling 31 If this Dyal were turned with its Center upwards.

1733 J. Tull Horse-hoing Husbandry xxi. 141 The Share, turn'd Bottom upwards.

1839 C. H. Timperley Dict. Printers 104 He..then puts a quantity of the worked off sheets on it, taking care to have the printed side upwards.

1845 P. J. Bailey Festus (ed. 2) 226 For the Infinite is upwards, and above The highest thing created—upwards aye.

1875 T. Seaton Man. Fret Cutting 91 Take a set of gouges, stand the largest of the set edge upwards.

b. = upward adv. 3b. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > positions or directions in body > [adverb] > specific

upwardsc1400

posteriorly1598

centrad1803

dextrad1803

distad1803

peripherad1803

proximad1803

sinistrad1803

atlantad1825

rostrad1831

mesially1849

ventrad1849

peripherally1852

posterolaterally1857

rostrally1863

distally1870

medianly1870

ventrally1870

postaxially1873

preaxially1873

posteroventrally1877

proximally1878

mesad1881

lateralwards1882

ventralwards1883

preaxiad1888

mesally1890

anteriad1891

haemad1891

postaxiad1892

lateralward1895

sagittally1895

ventral1899

posteriad1902

ipsilaterally1950

midsagittally1960

ventromedially1960

c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (1919) xix. 110 Þerfore make þei the halfondel of ydole of a man vpwardes, & the toþer half of an ox dounwardes.

4. = upward adv. 5.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > positions or directions in body > [adverb] > vertically from one point or part to another

upwarda1387

upwards1588

the world > space > direction > specific directions > [adverb] > in upward direction > vertically > with vertical extension

upwarda1387

upwards1588

1588 T. Hickock tr. C. Federici Voy. & Trauaile f. 13 These men goe naked from the girdell vpwards.

1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 187 They..goe naked from the waste vpwards.

1855 D. T. Ansted in Orr's Circle Sci.: Inorg. Nature 106 One genus (Belemnites), very common..among all the secondary rocks, from the lias upwards.

5. upwards of, at or to a higher level than; above.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > high position > high upon [preposition] > at a higher level than

upwards of1853

1853 G. Johnston Terra Lindisfarnensis I. 140 Upwards of this, the hill is well-covered with..turf and heather.

II. To or towards a higher position in a sequence or continuum.

a. To a higher aggregate, figure, or the like.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > [adverb] > in or to a greater quantity, amount, or degree > to a higher quantity or amount

upwards1523

upward?1578

1523 in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1824) 1st Ser. I. 221 The goods to paye j^s of the li. from xx^li upwards.

1617 Eastland Co. (Camden) 21 Deales from Eighteene foote longe uppwards.

1617 Eastland Co. (Camden) 21 Greate masts from fifteene hand upwards the peece.

1910 Stage Year Bk. 47 First-class hotel accommodation..for two and a half or three guineas a week, upwards.

b. Usually and upwards, or upwards. Frequently = somewhat more or rather above a specified age, number, value, size, etc. = upward adv. 7b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > source or principle of life > age > [adverb] > advancing in age

upwardc1530

up1535

and upwards1570

upwardsa1807

the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > a great quantity, amount, or degree [phrase] > rather more than

and morec1230

and (also or) upward1555

and upwards1570

upward of1623

upwards of1721

rising1808

the rise of1834

(a)

1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) II. 2268/2 Hussy. How old art thou? Eliz. Forty and vpwardes.

1612 Sir D. Carleton in 10th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1885) App. i. 572 Diverse companies to the number of 700 men and upwards.

1693 R. Lyde True Acct. Retaking of Ship (title page) Their Majesties Customs of the said ship amounted to 1,000 l. and upwards.

1717 in Minutes of Evid. Nairne Peerage (1873) 31 in Sessional Papers House of Lords (H.L. A) XII. 65 Robert Robertson..aged ffifty years and upwards.

1729 T. Innes Crit. Ess. Anc. Inhabitants Scotl. II. 578 Within these last hundred years, and upwards.

1818 S. Weston La Scava 25 Eighty whetstones and upwards..have been found.

1839 C. H. Timperley Dict. Printers 105 All above 52 Pica ems, upon Small Pica and upwards.

1887 Daily Chron. 17 Jan. (Encycl. Dict.) Some of them worth as much as £30 and upwards.

(b)1593 Tell-Trothes New-yeares Gift A 3 Ioyning..their daughters of twentye yeares olde or vnder, to rich cormorants of threescore or vpwards.1688 G. Miege Great French Dict. ii. sig. Ffff2v/1 It amounts to ten Pounds, or upwards.1709 London Gaz. No. 45021/2 A Ship of 70 Guns, or upwards.1857 W. A. Miller Elements Chem. III. 74 A solution of soda..which contains two per cent. or upwards of alkali.1861 Brit. Postal Guide 28 Messengers, whose weekly wages..are..8s. or upwards.

c. To later life; = upward adv. 7a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > source or principle of life > age > [adverb] > advancing in age

upwardc1530

up1535

and upwards1570

upwardsa1807

a1807 W. Wordsworth Prelude (1959) viii. 290 Even then And upwards through late youth, until not less Than three and twenty summers had been told.

1851 W. H. Dixon W. Penn viii. 252 The great idea which he had nursed from his youth upwards.

1874 F. W. Farrar Life Christ xv. 166 Might they not have understood that, from childhood upwards, He had not lived by bread alone?

7. Backwards in time; into the past.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > relative time > the past > [adverb] > backwards in time or into the past

upwardc1055

backward1562

retro1634

upwards1689

back1711

recessively1880

1689 R. Milward Selden's Table-talk 32 Some of them are asham'd upwards, because their Ancestors were too great.

1729 T. Innes Crit. Ess. Anc. Inhabitants Scotl. I. 237 [He] pronounced this genealogy..from Fergus, son of Erch, to Fergus, son of Ferchar, and upwards.

1887 W. W. Skeat Princ. Eng. Etymol. I. 52 English should be traced downwards as well as upwards.

1890 Grindlestone Foundations of Bible 19 History of the art of writing, from the days of Nehemiah upwards [to the time of Moses].

a. upwards of, (rather) more than; = upward adv. 8.In frequent use from c1760.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > a great quantity, amount, or degree [phrase] > rather more than

and morec1230

and (also or) upward1555

and upwards1570

upward of1623

upwards of1721

rising1808

the rise of1834

1721 J. Perry Acct. Stopping Daggenham Breach 17 A large Chest or Machine, upwards of eighty Foot long.

1753–4 S. Richardson Hist. Sir Charles Grandison III. xvi. 227 He..kept his word till he was upwards of seventy.

1841 G. Borrow Zincali II. iii. 109 Considerably upwards of a century.

1885 Law Rep.: Chancery Div. 29 538 The estate..was found liable for upwards of £5,000.

1893 J. Pulsford Loyalty to Christ II. 321 Upwards of three thousand years ago.

b. Used for: Somewhat less than (a specified amount); nearly, not quite. Chiefly dialect.

ΚΠ

1902 Yorks. Post 28 Feb. Thus ‘upwards of a hundred’ would mean nearly, or well on to a hundred.

1902– in colloquial use, Linc. to Devon ( Eng. Dial. Dict. ).

†B. prep.

Up along the course of; = up prep.² 2. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1601 R. Hakluyt tr. A. Galvano Discov. World 72 He went into Arabia, Persia, and vpwards the riuer Euphrates.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1926; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	upwards
释义	upwardsadv.prep. /ˈʌpwədz/ Forms: Old English upweardes, uppweardes, Middle English–1500s upwardes (1500s upp-), Middle English, 1500s vpwardes, 1500s–1600s vp-, 1600s– upwards (1600s upp-); 1500s Scottish vpwartis, 1800s dialect up-, uppards, etc. Etymology: Old English up- , uppweardes , < upweard upward adv. + -es of adverbial genitive: see -wards suffix. Compare Old Saxon upwardas, Middle Low German upwordes, Middle Dutch op-, upwaerts, -werdes, etc. (Dutch opwaarts), Middle High German ufwertes (German aufwärts). A. adv. I. To or towards a position that is physically higher, and related uses. 1. a. = upward adv. 1a. †to make upwards (quots. 1575¹, 1575²): see make v.¹ 65. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > upward movement > [adverb] upc888 upwardsc888 upwardOE upc1384 roofward1844 roofwards1845 whereup1880 c888 Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. xxxiv. §10 Þæt he onginð of þæm wyrtrumum & swa upweardes grewð oð ðone stemn. c1000 Boeth. Metr. xiii. 62 Sio sunne..stihð a upweardes, oð hio eft cymeð þær hire yfemesð bið eard gecynde. a1425 Edward, Duke of York Master of Game (Digby) xiii Þe tayle..streight and a litell crompynge vpward [MS. Reg. vpwardes]. 1575 G. Turberville Bk. Faulconrie 158 To make a high fleeing Hawke vpwards. 1575 G. Turberville Bk. Faulconrie 158 It hapneth oftentimes that a Hawke..will yet be long before she be made vpwards. 1578 J. Banister Hist. Man v. f. 76 The vretarie vessels..also prohibite that vpwardes none [sc. urine] may returne agayne. 1613 Bible: Gen. vii. 20 Fifteene cubits vpwards [1611 vpward], did the waters preuaile. 1647 A. Cowley My Fate in Mistress i Go bid the Stones a journey upwards make. 1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 62. ¶5 His ambitious Love is a Fire that naturally mounts upwards. 1786 J. Pinkerton Anc. Sc. Poems I. p. lxvii Their shoulders are moved upwards and downwards. 1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art II. 189 A dry glass rod or tube, rubbed..upwards and downwards with a dry hand. 1827 M. Faraday Chem. Manip. iv. 89 Another..mode..is to continue the furnace upwards by a deep ring. 1858 G. Glenny Gardener's Every-day Bk. (new ed.) 230/2 These..trailing plants..are more frequently trained upwards. figurative.1828 E. Bulwer-Lytton Pelham II. xvi. 154 Men..who join ignorance of every principle of legislation to indifference for every benefit to the people..who level upwards, and trample downwards.1905 Forsyth in Contemp. Rev. Oct. 581 The Christ needs the apostle, the preacher. The Mediator upwards needs mediators downwards.in extended use.1907 J. H. Patterson Man-eaters of Tsavo viii. 87 Lions always begin at the tail of their prey and eat upwards towards the head.in combination.1844 H. M. Noad Lect. Electr. (ed. 2) 272 The upwards bent platinum wire. b. = upward adv. 1b. ΘΚΠ the world > space > direction > specific directions > [adverb] > in upward direction upc888 upwardsc890 upwardOE anovewardOE countermount1513 upwith1513 supernally1596 headward1786 upwardly1816 upways1890 up-along1963 c890 Wærferth tr. Gregory's Dial. 286 Þa færinga locode heo uppweardes,..& geseah þone hælend þider cuman to hire. c1000 Sax. Leechd. III. 38 Nim mid þinum twam handum uppeweardes. c1175 Lamb. Hom. 59 Neb upwardes he him [sc. man] wrohte. c1400 Pepysian Gosp. Harmony (1922) 70 Jesus..wiþstoode and bihelde hym vpwardes. 1648 H. Hexham Groot Woorden-boeck Opwaerts sien, to See upwards, or to Looke on high. 1709 T. Robinson Vindic. Mosaick Syst. 112 in Ess. Nat. Hist. Westmorland & Cumberland Man..hath his Head upwards towards Heaven. 1795–6 W. Wordsworth Borderers ii. 988 Upwards I cast my eyes. 1817 P. B. Shelley Laon & Cythna v. xlix. 117 She paused, and pointed upwards. 1850 W. Wordsworth Prelude vii. 179 Behold, turned upwards, a face hard and strong In lineaments. 1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. ii. 21 Looking upwards we saw a series of coloured rings. c. figurative. = upward adv. 1c. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > prosperity > advancement or progress > [adverb] upwardc1175 upwards1557 1557 in E. Lodge Illustr. Brit. Hist. (1791) I. 274 Prisoners..of the degree of a Baron, or uppwardes. 1605 in Archaeologia (1800) 13 321 The lorde who beeinge an earle or upwardes,..is to have..a cloathe of estate. 1732 G. Berkeley Alciphron I. v. xxxiii. 339 The Army; wherein the Tendency is always upwards from lower Posts to higher. 1855 Poultry Chron. 2 423 The character of the..fowls proves that their progress is upwards in quality. attributive.1849 F. W. Robertson Serm. (1863) 4th Ser. 160 Not mere change, but true, ever upwards progress. d. = upward adv. 1d. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > monetary value > price > fluctuation in price > [adverb] > increasing or increased in price up1546 on the rise1805 upward1874 upwards1874 1874 Times 1 Jan. 7/6 Coffee.—A strong demand prevails, with few sellers, and the market still tends upwards. 1875 Economist 2 Jan. 5/2 Straits tin..after a moderate reaction upwards fell to 92l 5s in August. 2. = upward adv. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > space > direction > specific directions > [adverb] > in inward direction or towards interior upwarda1000 inwardc1000 upwards1513 inwards1598 withinward1611 inwardly1667 in-bye1768 inwith1768 the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > system > [preposition] > towards source upwards1513 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid viii. ii. 65 Bayth nycht and day ilk man..Can spend in routh..Our slidand fast vpwartis the river. 1538 in T. Wright Three Chapters Lett. Suppression Monasteries (1843) 245 I am cumyng upwardes [= to London] as fast as my sekenes will suffre me. 1598 W. Phillip tr. J. H. van Linschoten Disc. Voy. E. & W. Indies i. x. 19/2 First Daman from thence fifteene miles vpwardes..the towne of Basaiin. 1601 R. Hakluyt tr. A. Galvano Discov. World 90 From thence vpwards..he went along the coast of the Abassins. 1662 R. Venables Experienc'd Angler x. 99 In small Brooks you may angle upwards. 1801 Rusher's Reading Guide 7 The Mail Coaches to and from Bath, Bristol, &c. pass upwards and downwards every night. 1869 H. F. Tozer Res. Highlands of Turkey I. 184 We followed this stream upwards. 1893 Field 17 June 904/3 For years the labourers have been in the habit of going ‘upwards’—that is, up round London—for mowing and haymaking. figurative.a1807 W. Wordsworth Prelude (1959) x. 410 This..Sour'd and corrupted upwards to the source My sentiments. 3. a. = upward adv. 3. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > high position > [adverb] > higher highereOE upwarda1300 upperc1384 uppermorec1400 superiorly1556 upwards1577 superior1718 1577 Vicary's Profitable Treat. Anat. sig. I.i The brode ende..[of the heart] is vpwardes, and the sharpe ende is downewardes. 1600 W. Shakespeare Much Ado about Nothing iii. ii. 63 She shall be buried with her face vpwards . View more context for this quotation 1658 J. Rowland tr. T. Moffett Theater of Insects in Topsell's Hist. Four-footed Beasts (rev. ed.) 928 The mouthes or passages of their cells are..altogether downward; and they very providently place the bottom of their cels upwards, that [etc.]. 1678 J. Moxon Mech. Dyalling 18 Holding the Center A upwards, so as the Plumb-line play free in the Grove. 1678 J. Moxon Mech. Dyalling 31 If this Dyal were turned with its Center upwards. 1733 J. Tull Horse-hoing Husbandry xxi. 141 The Share, turn'd Bottom upwards. 1839 C. H. Timperley Dict. Printers 104 He..then puts a quantity of the worked off sheets on it, taking care to have the printed side upwards. 1845 P. J. Bailey Festus (ed. 2) 226 For the Infinite is upwards, and above The highest thing created—upwards aye. 1875 T. Seaton Man. Fret Cutting 91 Take a set of gouges, stand the largest of the set edge upwards. b. = upward adv. 3b. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > positions or directions in body > [adverb] > specific upwardsc1400 posteriorly1598 centrad1803 dextrad1803 distad1803 peripherad1803 proximad1803 sinistrad1803 atlantad1825 rostrad1831 mesially1849 ventrad1849 peripherally1852 posterolaterally1857 rostrally1863 distally1870 medianly1870 ventrally1870 postaxially1873 preaxially1873 posteroventrally1877 proximally1878 mesad1881 lateralwards1882 ventralwards1883 preaxiad1888 mesally1890 anteriad1891 haemad1891 postaxiad1892 lateralward1895 sagittally1895 ventral1899 posteriad1902 ipsilaterally1950 midsagittally1960 ventromedially1960 c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (1919) xix. 110 Þerfore make þei the halfondel of ydole of a man vpwardes, & the toþer half of an ox dounwardes. 4. = upward adv. 5. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > positions or directions in body > [adverb] > vertically from one point or part to another upwarda1387 upwards1588 the world > space > direction > specific directions > [adverb] > in upward direction > vertically > with vertical extension upwarda1387 upwards1588 1588 T. Hickock tr. C. Federici Voy. & Trauaile f. 13 These men goe naked from the girdell vpwards. 1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 187 They..goe naked from the waste vpwards. 1855 D. T. Ansted in Orr's Circle Sci.: Inorg. Nature 106 One genus (Belemnites), very common..among all the secondary rocks, from the lias upwards. 5. upwards of, at or to a higher level than; above. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > high position > high upon [preposition] > at a higher level than upwards of1853 1853 G. Johnston Terra Lindisfarnensis I. 140 Upwards of this, the hill is well-covered with..turf and heather. II. To or towards a higher position in a sequence or continuum. 6. a. To a higher aggregate, figure, or the like. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > [adverb] > in or to a greater quantity, amount, or degree > to a higher quantity or amount upwards1523 upward?1578 1523 in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1824) 1st Ser. I. 221 The goods to paye j^s of the li. from xx^li upwards. 1617 Eastland Co. (Camden) 21 Deales from Eighteene foote longe uppwards. 1617 Eastland Co. (Camden) 21 Greate masts from fifteene hand upwards the peece. 1910 Stage Year Bk. 47 First-class hotel accommodation..for two and a half or three guineas a week, upwards. b. Usually and upwards, or upwards. Frequently = somewhat more or rather above a specified age, number, value, size, etc. = upward adv. 7b. ΘΚΠ the world > life > source or principle of life > age > [adverb] > advancing in age upwardc1530 up1535 and upwards1570 upwardsa1807 the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > a great quantity, amount, or degree [phrase] > rather more than and morec1230 and (also or) upward1555 and upwards1570 upward of1623 upwards of1721 rising1808 the rise of1834 (a) 1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) II. 2268/2 Hussy. How old art thou? Eliz. Forty and vpwardes. 1612 Sir D. Carleton in 10th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1885) App. i. 572 Diverse companies to the number of 700 men and upwards. 1693 R. Lyde True Acct. Retaking of Ship (title page) Their Majesties Customs of the said ship amounted to 1,000 l. and upwards. 1717 in Minutes of Evid. Nairne Peerage (1873) 31 in Sessional Papers House of Lords (H.L. A) XII. 65 Robert Robertson..aged ffifty years and upwards. 1729 T. Innes Crit. Ess. Anc. Inhabitants Scotl. II. 578 Within these last hundred years, and upwards. 1818 S. Weston La Scava 25 Eighty whetstones and upwards..have been found. 1839 C. H. Timperley Dict. Printers 105 All above 52 Pica ems, upon Small Pica and upwards. 1887 Daily Chron. 17 Jan. (Encycl. Dict.) Some of them worth as much as £30 and upwards. (b)1593 Tell-Trothes New-yeares Gift A 3 Ioyning..their daughters of twentye yeares olde or vnder, to rich cormorants of threescore or vpwards.1688 G. Miege Great French Dict. ii. sig. Ffff2v/1 It amounts to ten Pounds, or upwards.1709 London Gaz. No. 45021/2 A Ship of 70 Guns, or upwards.1857 W. A. Miller Elements Chem. III. 74 A solution of soda..which contains two per cent. or upwards of alkali.1861 Brit. Postal Guide 28 Messengers, whose weekly wages..are..8s. or upwards. c. To later life; = upward adv. 7a. ΘΚΠ the world > life > source or principle of life > age > [adverb] > advancing in age upwardc1530 up1535 and upwards1570 upwardsa1807 a1807 W. Wordsworth Prelude (1959) viii. 290 Even then And upwards through late youth, until not less Than three and twenty summers had been told. 1851 W. H. Dixon W. Penn viii. 252 The great idea which he had nursed from his youth upwards. 1874 F. W. Farrar Life Christ xv. 166 Might they not have understood that, from childhood upwards, He had not lived by bread alone? 7. Backwards in time; into the past. ΘΚΠ the world > time > relative time > the past > [adverb] > backwards in time or into the past upwardc1055 backward1562 retro1634 upwards1689 back1711 recessively1880 1689 R. Milward Selden's Table-talk 32 Some of them are asham'd upwards, because their Ancestors were too great. 1729 T. Innes Crit. Ess. Anc. Inhabitants Scotl. I. 237 [He] pronounced this genealogy..from Fergus, son of Erch, to Fergus, son of Ferchar, and upwards. 1887 W. W. Skeat Princ. Eng. Etymol. I. 52 English should be traced downwards as well as upwards. 1890 Grindlestone Foundations of Bible 19 History of the art of writing, from the days of Nehemiah upwards [to the time of Moses]. 8. a. upwards of, (rather) more than; = upward adv. 8.In frequent use from c1760. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > a great quantity, amount, or degree [phrase] > rather more than and morec1230 and (also or) upward1555 and upwards1570 upward of1623 upwards of1721 rising1808 the rise of1834 1721 J. Perry Acct. Stopping Daggenham Breach 17 A large Chest or Machine, upwards of eighty Foot long. 1753–4 S. Richardson Hist. Sir Charles Grandison III. xvi. 227 He..kept his word till he was upwards of seventy. 1841 G. Borrow Zincali II. iii. 109 Considerably upwards of a century. 1885 Law Rep.: Chancery Div. 29 538 The estate..was found liable for upwards of £5,000. 1893 J. Pulsford Loyalty to Christ II. 321 Upwards of three thousand years ago. b. Used for: Somewhat less than (a specified amount); nearly, not quite. Chiefly dialect. ΚΠ 1902 Yorks. Post 28 Feb. Thus ‘upwards of a hundred’ would mean nearly, or well on to a hundred. 1902– in colloquial use, Linc. to Devon ( Eng. Dial. Dict. ). †B. prep. Up along the course of; = up prep.² 2. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1601 R. Hakluyt tr. A. Galvano Discov. World 72 He went into Arabia, Persia, and vpwards the riuer Euphrates. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1926; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adv.prep.c888
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