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universaladj.n.adv. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French universel; Latin ūniversālis. Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman universell, Anglo-Norman and Middle French universal, universel (French universel ) (adjective) extending over or including the whole world (c1200 in Old French in la glise universale universal church), extending over or including the whole of a group (c1265), (in logic and philosophy) applicable to or involving the whole of a class or genus (c1265 in proposition universele universal proposition), general, not entering into details or particulars (c1370), (of the world or earth) entire (a1392 in universel monde universal world), (of a person's role) extending over or to all people, nations, etc. (a1394 in pasteur universel universal pastor), affecting or involving the whole of something specified or implied (1412), of or in respect of the whole of a person's estate (1426 in heritier universel universal heir: see note), (of a remedy, medicine, etc.) effective in all cases, or against all diseases (1426 in remède universel universal remedy), (noun) whole of something specified or implied (c1300), universal proposition (1370), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin ūniversālis having general application, in post-classical Latin also (of the church) catholic, ecumenical (c400 in Augustine), (in logic) general (6th cent.), (of a disease) attacking all parts of the body (a1250 in a British source), comprising or covering all or many subjects (1545 in Bibliotheca Universalis , the title of the work referred to in quot. 1549 at sense A. 9b), (of motion) continual, perpetual (1559 in the passage translated in quot. 1561 at sense A. 10) < ūniversus (see universe n.) + -ālis -al suffix1. Compare Old Occitan universal, adjective (13th cent.), Catalan universal, adjective and noun (second half of the 13th cent.), Spanish universal, adjective (1438), Portuguese universal, adjective (1310), Italian universale, adjective and noun (1308).In form universiel apparently with ending remodelled after -ial suffix. With universal heir (see sense A. 11) compare post-classical Latin heres universalis (1316 in a British source) and Old Occitan héritiers universals (1274), Middle French, French héritier universel (1426). The position of the stress varied in early use. A. adj. 1. the world > relative properties > kind or sort > generality > [adjective] > universal a1393 J. Gower (Fairf.) vi. l. 2261 Ther felle wondres many on Of terremote universiel. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. ii. xii. 76 By an vniuersal excellens þay beeth arered aboue a[l] subiectioun. ?c1400 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius (BL Add. 10340) (1868) v. pr. iv. l. 4778 [?c1425 Cambr. Ii.3.21 Resoun surmounteth ymaginacioun] and comprehendeþ by an vniuersel lokynge þe commune spece þat is in þe singuler peces. c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer (Hengwrt) (2003) §218 His contricion…shal ben vniuersal [Camb. MS. vnyuersel] and total, this is to seyn, a man shal be verray repentant for alle hise synnes. 1489 in (1839) I. 123/2 To haue na daile nor intrometting witht the said benefice..in hurting of laude patronage, & the vniuersale gud of the realme. 1597 T. Blundeville (ed. 2) iii. i. xv. f. 148 The Moone..cannot shadow all the Earth, and therefore the Eclipse of the Sunne cannot be vniuersall. 1630 J. Taylor Jack a Lent in 118/1 The knauery of the Baker is vniuersal, in Asia, Europa, Afrike, and America. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis viii, in tr. Virgil 440 What farther Force can stay The Victor Troops from Universal Sway? 1736 Bp. J. Butler ii. vi. 217 Neither the jewish nor christian Revelation have been universal. 1785 W. Cowper iv. 204 The slope of faces..Relax'd into an universal grin. 1822 Ld. Byron xxvii The gate flew Asunder, and the flashing of its hinges Flung over space an universal hue Of many-colour'd flame. 1891 F. W. Farrar I. xxiv. 228 The day was kept as a universal holiday. 1916 Sept. 45/1 One might say that here is the earliest known mention that is to be found in the pages of history of the now universal sport of fly-swatting. 1948 A. C. Kinsey et al. v. 163 Masturbation and early sexual activity are universal phenomena. 1999 C. Mendelson lxvii. 787/1 In urban and suburban areas, leash laws are all but universal, but they vary widely in content. the world > life > the body > [adjective] > whole body a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. vi. xxviii. 339 Somme bodyliche traueile is viuersal [read vniuersal] and som particuler. Vniversal ȝif al þe membres meueþ... In particuler trauaile som lymez and membres restiþ and som meueþ and trauaileþ. c1425 tr. J. Arderne (Sloane 6) (1910) 64 Without dout it schal cure perfitely, vniuersale purgacions goyng afore. 1542 A. Borde xxxvi. sig. M.ivv They the whiche haue the Palsye, vnyuersall, or pertyculer must beware of anger. 1562 W. Bullein f. 31v Ye shall first vse an vniuersall purgacion, of the whole bodie. 1677 T. Sherley tr. T. T. de Mayerne 121 Use Laxative Ptisans with Cassia and Senna, and other slight sort of Purgings of that kind..: universal Baths. 1684 tr. S. Blankaart 109 An Elephas is a Disease, which corrupts all the Members of the Body, and is as it were an Universal Cancre. 1772 N. D. Falck 266 The hemiplegia, paraplegia or universal palsies, venereal patients sometimes fall into. 1793 W. Rowley II. 389 In all cases of palsy..Bath waters, cold bath, either universal or partial, the shower bath, &c. are most likely to avail. 1815 32 480 The febrile symptoms ran high, and..he had an universal rash, which was considered as variolous. 1836 Nov. 37 He complained of a universal prickling over the whole surface of the body, as well as internally. 1877 L. A. Duhring 52 When an eruption involves the whole surface, it is said to be universal. 1922 25 Feb. 395/2 A number of serious complications, such as..a severe universal rash reminiscent of that of salvarsan. the world > relative properties > wholeness > the whole or all > [adjective] > relating to or affecting the whole of something 1435 (Electronic ed.) Parl. Oct. 1435 §19. m. 3 Beseche þe king..þat noo suche licences which been so prejudiciall and contrarie to the commen gode, and þe universell wele of his royaume, and of his saide merchantz..bee in noo wise graunted. a1450 (c1412) T. Hoccleve (Harl. 4866) (1897) l. 2295 (MED) Gretter cheerte He hadde of the profet vniuersel Than of hym self. a1500 (a1471) G. Ashby Active Policy Prince l. 772 in (1899) 37 The vniuersal And the comyn wele of this Region. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane f. cviij The Emperour doth establyshe an vniuersall peace throughout Germany. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) v. ii. 91 If all the World could haue seen't, the Woe had beene vniuersall . View more context for this quotation 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil 121 At length [Tisiphone] strikes an Universal Blow; To Death at once whole Herds of Cattle go. View more context for this quotation 1745 A. Pope (rev. ed.) iv. 76 God sends not ill; if rightly understood, Or partial Ill is universal Good. 1754 Bp. T. Sherlock (1759) I. 11 Are you alone exempt from this common, this universal Blindness? 1827 B. Disraeli IV. vi. i. 53 The battle was general; the overthrow universal. 1878 R. Browning 44 What a preferable state were universal happiness? 1913 17 Oct. 533/2 Witness, too, the almost universal failure of the new potatoes and French wheats introduced during the boom. 1949 K. A. Porter (1990) v. 365 My long supplice in that period was, just once more, my share of the universal bafflements. 1996 28 Nov. 46/3 This air of unreality, of a city without qualities, is a universal problem of modern architecture. 1447 O. Bokenham (Arun.) (1938) l. 942 (MED) Sergius was vnyuersel clauyculer Of holy cherche. 1483 W. Caxton tr. a ij b God is the unyuersal commaunder of alle our production. 1552 Abp. J. Hamilton i. iv. f. 12v The vniversal Lord of all this warld. 1581 T. Wilcox tr. B. de Loque 73 Saint Peter was not an vniuersall Apostle, nor a soueraigne and high bishoppe ouer all the Church. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) iii. xiii. 72 To heare from me you had..put your selfe vnder his shrowd, the vniuersal Landlord [sc. Cæsar]. 1667 J. Milton iii. 317 Here shalt [thou] Reigne Both God and Man,..Anointed universal King. View more context for this quotation 1707 E. Ward No. 1. 26 That Libidinous Coxcomb of a Creature, is one of those Insatiate Lady-mongers, call'd an Universal Lover. 1785 W. Cowper vi. 449 The universal Father's love. 1818 P. B. Shelley 1 O universal Mother, who dost keep From everlasting thy foundations deep! 1876 E. A. Freeman V. xxiv. 391 He became universal landlord, but he did not cease to be universal ruler. 1937 G. A. Borgese i. 28 Rome..was to be the source not only of terrestrial power but also of eternal truth, the seat of the universal Emperor and of the universal Pope. 1973 VIII. 122/2 The Ndebele have knowledge of a Supreme Being, Zimu or Mlimu, who resides in heaven and is the creator and universal ruler. 1999 118 369 He pardons sins, defeats the forces of Belial, brings about the judgement of all, and reveals himself as the universal king. the mind > language > statement > agreement, concurrence, or unanimity > [adjective] > of beliefs, statements, or actions 1531 tr. E. Fox et al. iv. f. 88v Mathewe Nerew of saynte Gemin,..dothe also folowe the same opinion, as the vniuersall opinion of all the doctours of Canon. 1592 A. Day 2nd Pt. Eng. Secretorie sig. G3, in (rev. ed.) The vniuersall Sentence of the whole boorde. 1663 S. Patrick xxxviii His title and claim unto our universal obedience. 1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot ii. 30 Baron..discharged that Office [of Consul] with honour and universal Approbation. 1701 J. Swift v. 58 For a House of Commons to lose the universal Favour of the Numbers they represent. 1790 T. Wilkinson I. 105 When I went into the green-room, an universal laugh of contempt ensued. 1848 H. H. Wilson III. viii. 432 An almost universal insurrection of the Bhils. 1871 E. A. Freeman IV. xvii. 91 The English visitors were the objects of universal attention, of universal admiration. 1902 27 Mar. 7/8 The movement was received with universal condemnation. 1966 II. 2 To draw universal attention to the dangers facing some unique creatures. 1999 Summer 179 He paused, and sipped his Scotch, with a slurp rendered louder by our universal silence. 1792 25 Aug. 1/3 To the Governors of the Universal Medical Institution. 1813 T. Bernard 157 A foundation has been laid for a system of universal education, extended to every individual in the country. 1873 22 Dec. The check bank then, is a scheme for rendering banking universal; a scheme for enabling every man to have a banking account. 1946 7 May 5/4 Proper and universal medical care would reduce poverty. 1975 418 88/2 Should Congress enact universal health care, liberalize food stamps, and fund an adequate supply of public housing,..even egalitarians would favor lower basic grants. 2005 (Nexis) 2 Dec. 22 By last year, 94 per cent of the mainland's populated areas had provided nine years of universal compulsory education. 2. the world > the universe > [adjective] a1393 J. Gower (Fairf.) vii. l. 215 Yit withouten eny forme Was that matiere universal, Which hihte Ylem. c1484 J. de Caritate tr. (Takamiya) 176 Saturne kepyth þe erth..Jubyter þe aer; þe sonne, fyr; And þis conuenyens is noȝt foundyn..in þe werkyngis of planetys qwyche þei haue contynwally and perpetuyally be þe ouyr vnuersal vertu [Lambeth: þe hyeste vertu & vniuersele], þe qwyche is abouyn þe verkyngis of alle þise vertuys. 1531 T. Elyot iii. xxii. sig. fvii A perfeyte publike weale..well nigh may no more be without an excellent gouernour, thanne the vniuersall course of nature may stande or be permanent without one chiefe disposer & meuer. 1635 J. Swan vi. §2. 219 These things..are but in particular seas, as I said before, where a generall and universall cause may be much hindered. 1638 J. Milton Lycidas in Obsequies 22 in Her inchanting sonne? Whom universall nature did lament. 1731 Visct. Bolingbroke Let. 2 Aug. in J. Swift (1766) III. 52 The first epistle..considers man..relatively to the whole system of universal being. a1771 T. Gray Imit. Propertius in (1814) II. 86 That first, eternal, universal cause. 1823 S. Rogers St. Mark's Place in 165 Subtle, invisible, And universal as the air. 1848 R. I. Wilberforce (1852) xi. 267 The Universal Mind which pervades all things. 1867 G. H. Lewes (ed. 3) II. 176 Logically there is but a trivial distinction between his Acosmism, which makes God the one universal being, and Atheism, which makes the cosmos the one universal existence. 1909 J. Payne 7 To be, beneath the assaining sun, With universal Nature one. 1954 4 76 Its purpose is first to affirm the Unity of the Universe and second to argue that this Unity depends upon the existence of an eternal and universal Mind. the mind > language > a language > [adjective] > universal a1564 Q. Kennedy Compend. Ressonyng in (1964) 180/23 The mes is said in the Latyne toung, quhilk is ane vniuersale toung. 1592 A. Willet i. 19 Those toungs [sc. Hebrue, Greeke, Latin] were not then vsed for any such purpose, but that the death of Christ might by those common and vniuersall toungs be the further spread abroad. 1653 T. Urquhart i. 13 So can there be no Universal Language but this I am about to divulge unto the world. 1653 T. Urquhart i. 13 The Universal Alphabet therefore must be first conceived. 1756 M. Calderwood (1884) ii. 55 The universall language so much wished for. 1793 T. Martyn p. xiii The advantage which is derived from speaking and writing one universal language. 1818 W. Hazlitt i. 2 Poetry is the universal language which the heart holds with nature and itself. 1836 (title) Universal Character; or, Manner of Writing intelligible to the Inhabitants of every Country. 1885 3 Jan. 15/1 Volapük is the name of the recently invented world-language, or universal tongue. 1890 O. W. Holmes v. 99 Music will be the universal language—the Volapük of spiritual being. 1927 Nov. 35/1 The only means by which they can converse with each other is through the universal language of the South Seas—bêche-demer. 1975 K. Katzner i. 36 The term ‘artificial languages’ refers to those that have been artificially constructed, each in the hope that it might eventually become a universal tongue. 2000 6 July g11/5 The [Internet] guides were speaking their weird universal language, which includes words like ‘sprinks’ (sponsored links), ‘mbodies’ (their home pages) and ‘blindexes’ (a list of links to more links). 1606 N. Baxter sig. C Endymion..Tun'de well his Pipe, vnto his trembling voice, And sang the Song of vniuersall Pan, High Soueraigne God, and Prince of Happines. 1667 J. Milton iv. 266 While Universal Pan Knit with the Graces and the Hours in dance Led on th' Eternal Spring. View more context for this quotation 1724 E. Tollet 47 Blush then, your universal Pan is found, Or rarify'd to space, or else in Matter drown'd. 1751 T. Cooke v. 12 'Twas Poetry that in the sylvan Shade First wak'd the Pipe of universal Pan. 1809 W. Wordsworth 3 A Godhead, like the universal Pan. 1854 W. E. Aytoun i. 5 Then came the voice of universal Pan, The dread earth-whisper, booming in mine ear. 1935 C. Grabo iii. 42 Universal Pan, god of all material substance, feels then the influence of the goddess of love and beauty in nature. 2005 J. Fetler xxxv. 186 Man has to help himself because the universal Pan could not concern himself with little things on earth. the world > relative properties > kind or sort > generality > [adjective] > of no special quality > of a general pattern 1876 G. E. Voyle & G. de Saint-Clair-Stevenson (ed. 3) 446/2 Universal..is applied to certain stores of a general pattern, such as the saddlery and harness now in use in the army. 1903 17 Oct. 6/1 The Americans, like ourselves, have been working at a new universal rifle for some time. 2002 (Nexis) 24 Apr. The Marines have a universal boot. 3. the world > relative properties > wholeness > [adjective] > constituting or comprising a whole ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac (N.Y. Acad. Med.:Wallner) i. 44 (MED) Of disposicions of the face & of þe partiez of it, contenyng in it 5 partiez: Þe ffirst part, of þe vniuersale face. a1500 tr. A. Chartier (Rawl.) (1974) 128 (MED) Preestes of the lynage of Levy had no possession of londe..but thei received the dymes and offeryngis of the vniuersall people. 1559 W. Cuningham 48 At midde day through the vniuersal yere. 1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay iii. iii. 73 b Their order vniuersall is distributed in tenths. 1603 S. Daniel Def. Ryme in (new ed.) sig. G3v Euery Rymer in this vniuersall Iland. 1615 G. Sandys 113 Neither cement nor wood was imploied thorowout the vniuersall fabricke. 1667 J. Milton i. 541 The universal Host upsent A shout that tore Hells Concave. View more context for this quotation 1704 S. Parker tr. Cicero 208 The whole Confederacy of Heavenly Bodies must recover the very same Order and Position from whence they set out, and by a leisurely Progress and Advance, bring-about the proper and entire Complement of an Universal Year. 1721 J. Dennis I. 170 Not only the Rabble, but an universal Nation has been mistaken in their Judgments of Poets and Poetry, when the Judgments have been made, before that Nation came to be sufficiently cultivated. 1822 6 Nov. 2/4 We venture to predict..that he [sc. John Quincy Adams] will be, as he ought to be, the candidate of all New England—of the universal Yankee nation wherever dispersed throughout the Union. 1871 J. S. Blackie i. 27 The political importance..had been blazoned forth before universal Greece. the world > relative properties > wholeness > [adjective] > constituting or comprising a whole > of the world, earth, etc. 1479 Earl Rivers tr. (Caxton) iii. ii The deuil sathan enforceth him self to make warre vpon the uniuersal world here. 1481 W. Caxton tr. Prol. sig. a. 4v The situacion..of the firmament, and how the vnyuersal erthe hangeth in the myddle of the same. a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil (1959) vi. xii. l. 10 By hys power mydlit is our all This mekil body clepit vniuersal. a1527 R. Thorne in R. Hakluyt (1582) sig. Cv This carde though little conteyneth the vniuersall whole worlde. 1597 R. Johnson v. sig. G2v If we must needes perish, let vs dy by the hands of the strongest warriers in the vniuersal world. a1644 F. Quarles (1649) ii. i 'Twas for nothing in the universal world but for killing a rich Patient. 1667 J. Milton vii. 257 With joy and shout The hollow Universal Orb they fill'd. View more context for this quotation 1753 G. Wollaston iv. 526 Godly Sorrow, on the Death of a Friend or Acquaintance,..was..practised in all Nations, Kingdoms and Countries in the universal World. 1823 W. Faux 212 I would live no where else in all the universal world. 1859 C. Darwin in (1887) II. 169 Now I care not what the universal world says. 2010 R. A. Givens (rev. ed.) i. ii. 62 Albert Einstein created a view that looked at the universal world with all of its aspects. the world > relative properties > wholeness > the whole or all > [adjective] > considered collectively 1530–1 c. 14 His lyberall and free habytations resortes and passages to and fro the vniuersall places of this realme. 1563 Sacrament ii. 458 b Wherfore, let vs all vniuersall and singuler, beholde our owne maners and lyues, to amend them. 1568 v. x. sig. G.ivv Lord saue the nobilitie and preserue them all: And prosper the Quenes subiects vniuersall. 1663 E. Waterhouse xiv. 224 Men of learning civility and gratitude, who must and euer will..express it to her, as the Mistriss and Magazine of Learning, Wisdom, and Order, suitable to the Universal Nations she is oracular in, and accordingly furnished for. 1748 tr. II. i. iii. 160 The universal people applauded, with shouts and peals of praise, so magnanimous and generous an action. society > faith > aspects of faith > Catholicity > [adjective] ?a1425 tr. Catherine of Siena (Harl.) (1966) 32 A mannys propre loue, which bynymeþ þe charite and loue of his neiȝbore..haþ..brouȝt yn a seeknesse to..þe chirche and to þe vnyuersal body of cristen religyoun. c1456 R. Pecock (Trin. Cambr.) (1909) 284 (MED) The grete fadris..puttiden into the comoun crede forto bileeve oon hool universal chirche to be. 1509 (W. de W.) a iij I trowe in ye holy goost, holy chirche Unyversall [etc.]. 1552 Abp. J. Hamilton Pref. Ye haly spreit, quhilk is ane daily techeour & gouernour of ye hail vniuersal kirk. 1620 T. Granger 227 Euen the vniuersall Church may erre. 1645 J. Ussher (1647) 187 The Catholick Church, that is, God's whole or universall Assembly. 1749 J. Wesley 18 July (1931) III. 9 I believe..that this catholic (that is, universal) Church, extending to all nations and all ages, is holy in all its members, who have fellowship with God the Father, Son and Holy Ghost. 1753 J. Salter i. §iii. 11 The Church signifies the Catholick Universal Church of all true, sound, orthodox Believers..of the Christian Religion, throughout the whole World: Whereas a Church denotes only a particular Part of it; such as the Church of England, or the Church of Rome. 1825 R. Culbertson xiii. 184 All the periodical interpreters consider the Church of Ephesus as the hieroglyphic of the Universal or Catholic Church during the age of the Apostles. 1893 H. P. Liddon et al. I. 417 The Ancient Fathers..bring the thought of particular Churches into community with the thought of the Universal Church when outwardly united. 1923 13 Sept. 6/2 The belief of Christendom is that there is only one Universal or Catholic Church. ?1943 J. R. R. Tolkien (1981) 60 It could only be imposed on a special ‘chastity-order’ of the Church, not on the universal Church. 2000 A. Hastings in A. Hastings et al. 510/2 Papacy signifies the Church of Rome, and especially its bishops, as claiming an exercising authority over the universal church in a way unique to itself and derived from St Peter. the world > relative properties > kind or sort > generality > [adjective] > not specified > general or not detailed ?c1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac (Paris) (1971) 73 (MED) The firste chapitle is an vnyuersal speche of apostemes, of pustules, and of exitures. ?a1450 tr. Lanfranc (BL Add. 12056) (1894) 5 Chap. j of broken bonys an vniuersel word. 1570 H. Billingsley in tr. Euclid i. Introd. f. 1 For that it entreateth of these most common and generall thynges, thys booke is more vniuersall then is the seconde, third, or any other, and therefore iustly occupieth the first place in order. 6. the world > relative properties > kind or sort > generality > [adjective] > generally applicable > specifically of a rule, principle, or description c1443 R. Pecock (1927) 201 Certis such an vniuersal lawe of bodily kynde myȝte not so vnbrekeabily be ordeyned to be kept of ech mannys soule but if it were for oon and þe same eende. 1583 B. Melbancke (new ed.) sig. Rj v Yet the vniuersallest Axiomes haue their cautions. 1651 T. Hobbes ii. xxvi. 148 Naturall Lawes being Eternall, and Universall, are all Divine. 1667 T. Sprat 247 A universal Standard, or measure of Magnitudes, by the help of a Pendulum. 1728 E. Chambers at General A General Rule, q. d. an universal Rule. 1839 C. Dickens ix. 75 As there is no reason to suppose that she was a solitary exception to a universal rule. 1884 B. Bosanquet et al. tr. H. Lotze 117 The validity of Universal laws. 1949 40 212 Natural laws..are universal, eternal and immutable. 1991 5 Jan. 25/2 If history has any universal laws, one is that a totalitarian regime cannot liberalise and survive unscathed. the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical classification > [adjective] > extending or universal the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical proposition > [adjective] > of universal or particular propositions c1450 ( J. Walton tr. Boethius (Linc. Cathedral 103) 310 (MED) ‘Man is a beest, two-footed, resonable’: Lo þis knawynge..Vniuersall it moste nedes be. 1551 T. Wilson sig. Gviij The first proposition must be vniuersall euer, or els it is not good. 1606 L. Bryskett 124 That sense is busied about things particular, and..onely things vniuersall are knowne. 1650 T. Hobbes v. 50 The appellations that be universal, and common to many things, are not always given to all the particulars. 1697 tr. F. Burgersdijck i. xvii. 66 Cause efficient is divided into universal and particular. Universal is that which concurrs with other causes. 1725 I. Watts i. iii. 53 This sort of universal Ideas, which may either be considered as a Genus, or a Species, is called Subaltern. 1725 I. Watts ii. ii. 230 An universal Proposition is when the Subject is taken according to the whole of its Extension. 1842 W. Thomson 64 As to Quantity, judgments are either Universal, Particular, or Singular. 1885 J. Martineau I. i. ii. §8. 201 What is there ‘universal’ in this geometrical equation? 1916 H. W. B. Joseph x. 211 A proposition is said to be converted by limitation, or per accidens, when, it being universal, its converse is particular. 1966 R. H. Popkin xi. 200 One universal name is imposed on many things for their similitude in some quality or other accident. 1999 (Nexis) 1 Dec. 19 A universal proposition, such as ‘No birds are leafeaters’, is as capable of falsifying a particular proposition, such as ‘Some birds are leaf-eaters’, as vice versa. 1642 Sir T. Browne ii. §9 Death is the cure of all diseases. There is no Catholicon or universal remedy I know but this. 1675 E. Wilson Pref. sig. B5v Those touchy headed Chymists, who pretend to Panacæa's, Universal Medicines, Secrets, and such like whimsical Remedies. 1687 P. Ayres tr. Fra. Abbati in 309 We should strive 'Gainst all Afflictions to apply This Vniversal Remedy, To hope and live. 1721 sig. A7v Hemp is a universal cure, For all the pains you can endure. 1764 J. N. Scott Pampharmacon, an universal remedy against all manner of poisons; or (if such a thing could be found) an universal remedy against all diseases. 1842 C. W. Johnson 1066/1 The sal mirabilis may be alkalizated, and used to vegetables for an universal medicine. 1878 T. J. Lucas 32 Dr. Collis Browne, now well-known as the inventor of chlorodyne, that universal soother of miseries. 1890 ‘R. Boldrewood’ (1891) 317 Compelled to employ that only universal solvent, a cash payment. 1939 M. Gilbert (1978) vi. 158 Free exchanges are not a universal cure for economic depression and unemployment. 1994 W. R. Newman iv. 121 It goes without saying that the product derived from the King's blood is the philosophers' stone, in its dual role as universal medicine and transmuter of metals. society > morality > rightness or justice > [adjective] > impartial ?c1450 in G. J. Aungier (1840) 269 (MED) The presidente..owethe to be unyuersal to al and not parcial. a1500 tr. A. Chartier (Sion Coll. London) (1989) 24 The ryghtwys man..yeueth hys mynde and ys soule to the charge of the comon wele, not hauynge yn hymself pryvat affeccion, sheweth hymself a man vnyuersal. 1669 W. A. tr. G. Leti ii. 130 I know that if the Popes would deserve the Title of Universal Father, they out to be Universal towards all. 8. society > faith > church government > council > [adjective] > general ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden (Harl. 2261) (1874) V. 241 A cownsayle universalle [a1387 St. John's Cambr. þe fourþe general counsail, L. synodus] of vjc and xxxti bischoppes hade at Calcedonia. 1585 T. Bilson ii. 274 The Emperour intended to gather an vniuersall Councell, that all the Bishoppes of the East comming into the West parts, he might get them to agree, if it might be. 1659 R. Baxter i. xxv. 148 It is granted to every one to appeal to the Councils of their own Province, or to a Universall Council, if he be offended with the judgement of the Cognitors. 1797 A. Bruce tr. B. Pictet v. 202 This veneration of images was not introduced till after the III. universal council held at Ephesus in 431. 1844 1 273/1 The encouragement to faithlessness and perjury was not confined to provincial synods, but extended to universal councils. 1910 14 52 It was not actually an ecumenical or universal council, however, as the number of bishops there were at the most only about three hundred. 1999 L. Vischer in J. F. Puglisi ix. 141 The debate in the sixteenth century on the calling of a universal council with the mandate to overcome the conflict of the Reformation was from the beginning fraught with difficulties. the world > relative properties > kind or sort > generality > condition or state of being inclusive > [adjective] > inclusive or comprehensive > inclusive of all 1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay ii. vi. 36 Many fair fountaines, which after a long..course do come altogether into an vniuersall flood [Fr. vn vniuersel fleuve]. 9. the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > scholarly knowledge, erudition > large amount of knowledge > [adjective] > of persons 1485 (St. Albans) iv. sig. gvijv He was a vniuersall man almost in all sciens. ?1544 J. Heywood sig. B.ii Why be ye so vnyuersall That you can do what so euer ye shall. 1631 J. Weever 383 One William West, a Canon of Saint Pauls,..a good companion, a man vniuersall, affable, and curteous. 1679 J. Dryden sig. b3v Shakespear had an Universal mind. a1684 J. Evelyn anno 1673 (1955) IV. 5 This Gent: a very excellent & universal Scholar. 1712 E. Budgell No. 404. ¶3 Valerio had an universal Character, was genteel, had Learning. a1715 Bp. G. Burnet (1724) I. 238 He was..very universal in all other learning. 1749 T. Smollett tr. A. R. Le Sage IV. xi. v. 133 He sets up for an universal man, because he has a small tincture of every science. 1841 I. D'Israeli III. 178 With a universal mind Rawleigh was eager after universal knowledge. 1860 B. W. Dwight (rev. ed.) ii. 199 Leibnitz, who died an old man in 1716, that great philosopher, or rather universal genius..was very zealous in the study of Ethnography. 1933 Dec. 275/1 Rather than possessing a universal mind, Turner was conscious of the qualities which such a mind gave to the art of painting. 1968 21 307 From this essay we can derive a picture of that most typical of Renaissance concepts, the universal man of encyclopedic knowledge. 2002 K. Heusch tr. H. Fritzsch Introd. i. 11 Albrecht von Haller (1708–1777)..was one of the last universal scholars. the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > scholarly knowledge, erudition > large amount of knowledge > [adjective] the world > relative properties > kind or sort > generality > [adjective] > affecting all indiscriminately > covering all subjects or knowledge 1549 J. Bale in J. Leland Concl. sig. ffv Conradus Gesnerus a great learned man of Tygur in Germany, was minded to put fourth his vniuersall Bibliotheke of all kindes of wryters. 1566 T. Becon Pref. sig. a.jv Writyng to the Corinthians he bosteth not hym selfe of this his vniuersall knowledge. 1638 R. Baker tr. J. L. G. de Balzac II. 39 His knowledge is so universall, and comprehends such an infinite number of thinges that one cannot touch upon any point where hee is not ready for you. 1681 (title) The universal intelligence; comprizing the substance of the most remarkable passages weekly published by others. 1720 W. Willymott tr. F. Bacon De Augmentis Scientiarum in II. xii. 118 I wonder they should be all destin'd to particular Professions, and none dedicated to the free and universal Studies of Arts and Sciences. 1786 (title) The fashionable magazine,..being a compleat universal repository of taste, elegance, and novelty for both sexes. 1841 I. D'Israeli III. 178 With a universal mind Rawleigh was eager after universal knowledge. 1861 (title) Beeton's dictionary of universal information: comprising geography, history, biography, mythology, bible knowledge, chronology, with the pronunciation of every proper name. 1944 O. G. Villard vii. 75 Our very greatest American editors of the past never pretended to the universal knowledge of a Lippmann or a Kaltenborn or a David Lawrence. 1994 W. R. Newman ii. 55 Hartlib combined the ideas of ‘luciferous’ knowledge—productive natural philosophy—and pansophia, the Comenian ideal of universal learning. society > occupation and work > work > [adjective] > other types of work 1706 J. Savage tr. R. de Piles 386 He was a universal Painter; he perform'd well alike in all kinds, Landskip only excepted. 1731 P. Prelleur (title) The modern musick-master, or the universal musician. 1778 J. Abercrombie (title) The universal gardener and botanist. the world > action or operation > continuing > [adjective] > continuous or without stop or pause (of action) 1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin i. xvi. f. 56v Stirryng with an vniuersall motion [L. vniuersali..motione] as wel the whole frame of the worlde as all the partes therof. 1598 W. Shakespeare iv. iii. 293 + 10 Vniuersall plodding poysons vp The nimble spirites in the arteries. 1604 E. Grimeston tr. J. de Acosta iii. vi. 137 It [sc. the comet] mooved daily with an vniversal motion, from East to Weast. 1731 T. Dale tr. N. Regnault I. xxvi It [sc. Fire] is a Body composed of subtile Matter and grosser Particles, agitated by the subtile Matter with a rapid and universal Motion. 1800 J. Jacque tr. J. H. Lambert ii. viii. 151 We may compare the universal motion to that of the waves of the sea, which succeed and impell one another. 1890 Nov. 95 Universal motion only applies to so-called physical phenomena in space. 1930 T. Stcherbatsky ii. i. 118 For the Buddhist there are no stops at all other than in imagination, the universal motion never stops. 2001 S. Kwinter (2002) iii. 66 The hypothesis of universal motion. This hypothesis extends the theory of the continuity of the object field..onto the axis of time. society > law > legal concepts > [adjective] > in respect of the whole estate 1567 W. Painter II. iv. f. 27v He ordeined, that if..his wife shoulde be founde with childe, and broughte to bed of a Sonne, he should be his vniuersall heire. 1635 T. Heywood v. 320 His wife soon after died, leauing him her vniuersall heire of great possessions and mighty summes of money. 1702 No. 3806. 6 His Majesty has..appointed the Prince of Frise to be his Universal Heir. 1765–8 J. Erskine iii. ix. §6 Where a settlement is made by the deceased of the whole or the universitas of his moveable estate, the person gratified is called universal legatee. 1765–8 J. Erskine iii. viii. §1 This kind of succession is called universal; and may be defined, the right of an heir or executor to enter upon the estate which belonged to a person deceased at the time of his death. 1807 W. M. Morison XXXVII. 16167 His executor and universal legatar. 1895 B. Adams i. 32 The emperor seemed destined to remain the universal heir through bequests of the childless. 1931 1 Apr. 5/3 She is the sole executrix and universal legatee and devisee. 2006 B. Terra & J. Kajus 1941 Mrs Linneweber is the universal heir of her husband, who died in 1999. 12. the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > [adjective] > for all purposes 1676 R. Hooke 14 The Universal Joynt for all these manner of operations. 1688 R. Holme iii. 373 Pendant Dials.., commonly called Equinoctial or Universal Dials, are most used by Sea-Men and Travellers. 1815 J. Smith I. 111 The stop and fence of the universal plough are moveable. 1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ 324 On the end, n, of the spindle P,..is screwed occasionally an universal chuck for holding any kind of work which is to be turned. 1881 9 189 Universal train, a roll train having adjustable horizontal and vertical rolls, so as to produce sections of various sizes. 1935 May 480 A universal soil-loading machine, on the framework of which all the important soil tests can be performed. 1965 43/1 Featherweight iron weighs only 2 lbs..complete with universal adapters for use with any voltage. 2005 C. Mendelson ii. xvi. 228 Using the ‘universal’ floor attachment, slowly vacuum in the direction of the pile, getting off as much dirt as possible. 1833 15 215 Patent granted to James Bogardus..for a universal mill for grinding paints, drugs, dye stuffs, corn, rye,..and various other substances.—Dated January 18, 1832. 1880 J. W. Hill 281 Combined Universal Mill. with Kibbler and Corn Crusher,..for Hand or Horse Power. 1910 J. M. Kennedy tr. H. Lichtenberger App. 212 For all her works she [sc. nature] possesses say a hundred simple bodies and a universal mill, viz. the stello-planetary system. 1931 K. Burke 102 The detractors of art are necessarily silenced, for their own detractions become but the output of the universal mill. 1989 P. H. Linz & P. C. Schmidt iv. 97 The results of milling pepper with a Perplex universal mill..are given. 1867 30 299/1 It is by means of the so-called universal mill designed by Mr. Arrowsmith, that our friends in France are rolling their smooth-edged plates. 1880 84 In order to overcome these objections to the prevailing method of rolling plates,..the mill known as the ‘Universal Mill’ was devised. It has also been called the Belgian mill. 1909 E. A. Tucker in F. E. Turneaure V. 13 Plates are of two classes known as ‘sheared’ plates and ‘universal mill’ or ‘edged’ plates. 1945 H. C. Town & D. Potter v. 61 9 cubic inches of metal has been removed in one minute on a Parkinson universal milling machine. 2000 M. Y. H. Bangash ii. 16 Permissible variations in length apply also to universal mill plates up to 12 in. in width. B. n. 1. With the. the world > relative properties > wholeness > the whole or all > [noun] ?c1400 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius (BL Add. 10340) (1868) v. pr. iv. l. 4808 For resoun is she þat diffinisseþ þe vniuersel of hir conseite ryȝt þus. 1551 T. Wilson sig. Ijv From the vniuersall to the particular, the argument goeth well. 1698 I. 99 It was needless, every Particular being included in the Vniversal. 1798 S. T. Coleridge ii. 223 Aristotle has..required of the poet an involution of the universal in the individual. 1818 S. T. Coleridge (ed. 2) I. 269 The ideas of the Necessary and the Universal. 1865 J. B. Mozley ii. 46 The universal as a law and the universal as a proposition are wholly distinct. 1938 13 290 The sum of those which are constant will be the universal. 1988 J. J. E. Gracia ii. 78 Another but rare version of it goes back to Plato and identifies the universal with wholes of which the individuals are parts. the world > people > people collectively > [noun] > all people 1596 W. Raleigh 21 June (1999) 146 This orasion so well pleased the universall as they all protested they were bound to me for their lives. 1651 J. Saint-Amard tr. F. Micanzio sig. K8v Which hath produced..in the republique a most intense desire of the conservation of their good servant, and in the universall a more glorious fame [It. e nell'vniversal fama più gloriosa] to see..so singular a favour. 2. the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical classification > [noun] > universal the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical proposition > [noun] > universal proposition c1475 (Trin. Cambr.) (1927) l. 1870 The vniuersals, and eke the natures good, The predicamentes, the topykes also, The syx principals, the Elynkes as they stood, She red theym all wyth other tretyse mo. 1528 W. Tyndale To Rdr. f. viijv What wonderfull dreames have they of their predicamentes, vniversales, seconde intencions, quidities hecseities & relatives. 1553 R. Eden in tr. S. Münster Pref. sig. Aiij A perticuler proueth no vniuersall. 1606 L. Bryskett 124 As the hand is apt to take hold of all instruments; so is this power or facultie apt to apprehend the formes of all things, from whence grow the vniuersals. 1697 tr. F. Burgersdijck i. i. 3 A universal is that which is apt..to be predicated of many things, as man, horse, plant, &c. 1725 I. Watts i. iii. 53 Some of these Universals are Genus's, if compared with less common Natures. 1794 E. Burke On Petition of Unitarians in (1842) II. 474 No rational man ever did govern himself, by abstractions and universals. 1837 H. Hallam I. iii. 253 The long controversies between the Realists and Nominalists concerning the nature of universals. 1860 W. Thomson (ed. 5) §62 Universals..or those general properties which many things share alike, and which are acquired by the mind only by abstracting from the things that exhibit them. 1883 F. H. Bradley I. vi. 175 It is a metaphysical ens rationis, an abstract universal which can not be real. 1904 F. Rolfe Proomion 42 His method was Aristotelean, in that he drew his universals from a consideration of numerous particulars. 1955 5 215 The higher universal in Plato has to be treated as more real, because it contains more being; but in a naturalistic classification the higher universal is not more real. 1995 E. J. Lowe in 887/2 In recent years new arguments for realism have emerged which invoke universals to explain the status of natural laws and causal generalizations. society > communication > information > news or tidings > [noun] > general news 1650 J. Howell Addit. Lett. i. 3 in (ed. 2) This Letter runs upon Universalls, because I know your Lordship hath..a spacious understanding, which comprehends the whole world. the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > [noun] > in abstract use 1674 N. Fairfax 66 Universal, or boak, as taken in the Mathematicks, stript out of body. the world > relative properties > kind or sort > generality > [noun] > generality or prevalence > universality > that which is universal 1556 J. Olde tr. R. Gwalther f. 49 For that cause this honour ought to be graunted to the bishop of Constantinople, that he maye be called the universall of all prelates and the bishop of bishoppes. 1654 24 Where truly is there any subordination in Faith? if none of these are subject, and bound to their superiors or Universals in matters of Faith? 1710 D. Manley I. i. 127 Omnipotent Gold has a Power so extensive, that we presume we are not guilty of Hyperboly..in representing it, as the grand Universal. 1855 H. H. Milman VI. xiv. vii. 528 The primitive word for ‘father’ is so nearly an universal, that [etc.]. 1904 S. H. Butcher 200 The subject-matter of poetry is the universal—that which is abiding and structural in humanity. 1943 R. R. Sears ii. 37 Freud's tendency to rely on cultural universals—which do not exist—has led him to postulate universal attitudes and complexes that can be demonstrated in but a part of the population. 1993 21 Mar. 33/1 David Small tackles the universals—greed, evil, folly, peace and understanding. the world > the universe > [noun] 1569 J. Sanford tr. H. C. Agrippa li. f. 65 It is no lesse folie to saye that in the universall [L. in uniuerso] is but one worlde alone. 1613 G. Chapman iii. sig. F3v Hee that striues t'inuert The Vniuersals course with his poore way. 1628 O. Felltham lviii. sig. S4v There is a secret chaine in Nature, which drawes the Vniversall to revenge a vice. the world > health and disease > healing > [noun] > a cure or remedy > universal the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > [noun] > a medicine or medicament > universal medicine 1656 J. Smith 119 Gallen commends a Bath after Universals. 1694 W. Salmon Pref. sig. A4v Russel's Pouder,..that Fam'd Universal, which for these twenty five Years last past has obtain'd a general Reputation..in a manner thro' the whole World. 1713 P. Kennedy viii. 37 Nor is there much to be done in that Case, excepting Paliatives and the Universals, which may hinder its Progress for some time. 1800 W. Rowley lxix. 160 Both injectors and causticators, deserting their favourite principle of local diseases only requiring local remedies, apply universals, rub in mercurial ointment, [etc.]. 1842 1 Oct. 39/1 It [sc. the stethoscope] will no more tell everything than the universals will cure everything. the mind > language > a language > [noun] > artificial or invented language 1907 W. J. Clark ii. vi. 105 The victorious Esperantists..poke fun at these new-fangled schemes. A parody in Esperanto verse..narrates the fickleness of Pan-Roman and how it changed into Universal. 1928 O. Jespersen 40 Among numerous systems of the same type, but not worked out to the same extent as Neutral, I shall here mention only H. Molenaar's Universal (1906). 1947 H. Jacob ii. 45 The most favoured systems [based on ethnic languages] were Esperanto, Neutral, Novlatin, and Universal. 1998 B. Collins & I. M. Mees iii. 76 He attached a brief response to a piece by H. Molenaar, writing from Munich, who had devised a new international language called ‘Universal’. the mind > language > linguistics > [noun] > universal rule in linguistics 1948 B. W. Aginsky & E. G. Aginsky in 4 169 What are the universals of language?.. All languages employ sound sequences [etc.]. 1965 N. Chomsky i. 28 The study of linguistic universals is the study of the properties of any generative grammar for a natural language. 1972 R. R. K. Hartmann & F. C. Stork 245/2 A distinction is sometimes made between substantive universals, i.e. features of sound substance such as the phonological elements..and formal universals which are made explicit by the linguist in the form of grammatical rules. 1997 72 439 Markedness is a formal semiotic universal affecting the valorization of terms of oppositions throughout grammar, from phonology to stylistics and discourse. †C. adv.the world > space > place > here, there, etc. > [adverb] > everywhere 1524 in (1875) XII. 40/2 Þat Justice Airis be halden universale throu oute þe Ralme. c1550 xx. f. 132 The ciuil and intestine veyrs that rang vniuersale in ytalie. society > authority > power > [adverb] > with unlimited power 1759 W. Mason 86 What if Cæsar aims To lord it universal o'er the world, Shall the world tamely crouch at Cæsar's footstool? Phrasesthe world > relative properties > wholeness > the whole or all > that is all or the whole [phrase] > in respect of everything or part the world > relative properties > wholeness > the whole or all > that is all or the whole [phrase] > all collectively en masse 1532 (c1385) Usk's Test. Loue in ii. f. xlviiiv At the gynnyng of the worlde, euery thyng by him selfe was good, and in vnyuersal they werne right good. 1615 in (Hist. MSS Comm.) (1899) I. 168 The Spaniard interdicteth Trade to the East Indies in universal, and the Hollanders but to a part. 1680 R. Constable 19 They all in universal, are obliged to exhibit acts of Obedience to their King. the world > relative properties > kind or sort > generality > in general [phrase] a1555 H. Latimer 6th Serm. before Duchess of Suffolk in (1562) 127 Suche a maner of speakyng is vsed in the scripture, to speake by the vniuersall: meaning a great numbre, but yet not all: only those that be giltie. 1628 T. Spencer xxxix. 206 Both of these distinct formes are one, and the same thing in the generall, or vniversall. 1663 G. Harvey I. ii. iv. 25 Man is taken here in the universal, for the plurality of men. Compounds 1551 T. Wilson Gvijv In Celarent we se twise E, whereby we are taught that the argument (if we make it in this mode) must haue two vniuersall negatiues, and one vniuersal affirmatiue, by reason of A. 1628 T. Spencer 177 The first, is an vniversall affirmatiue. The third, is a particular negatiue. 1788 H. H. Kames III. 354 When the quantity is diminished, as in the universal affirmative, it is called conversion per accidens. 1832 C. Wesley 9 There are four kinds of pure categorical propositions, distinguished by the symbols, A, E, I, O. Universal affirmative, A. Universal negative, E. [etc.]. 1906 C. E. Hooper i. xiii. 49 The Universal Affirmative takes usually one or other of the following shapes:—All X's are Y (e.g., All men are subject to sorrow); [etc.]. 2003 134 455 Consider next universal affirmatives with negative subjects, All non-S are P. the world > relative properties > number > algebra > [noun] 1720 tr. I. Newton (title) The universal arithmetick; or, A treatise of arithmetical composition and resolution... Translated from the Latin. 1852 O. W. Wight tr. M. V. Cousin (1882) II. 353 As all mathematics are, according to Newton, only a universal arithmetic, it must be granted that the mathematical judgement is only a perception of relations. 1996 C. Jungnickel & R. K. McCormmach 116/2 He published Newton's lectures on universal arithmetic, or algebra, which presented the subject with intellectual grandeur and pedagogic practicality. 1921 15 Oct. 13/5 The Universal Aunt is both a real person and a profession, and the Universal Aunts, as their organization is called, lay themselves out to perform all manner of aunt-like duties. 1930 M. Allingham iii. 38 He's really a sort of ‘Universal Aunt’, isn't he? ‘Your adventures undertaken for a small fee.’ 1997 (Nexis) 11 June (Arts section) 6 He became a kind of Universal Aunt to Violet Hammersley, an elderly widow who disliked travelling alone. 1921 8 May 12/2 American visitors are also keen on securing the services of ‘aunts’ for sightseeing and shopping expeditions. This has led to the formation of an association called ‘Universal Aunts.’ 1992 (Nexis) 29 Mar. (Business section) 24 Universal Aunts, a long-established London agency, says that a third of its house-sitting business comes from companies or private absentee owners with empty properties. 1924 A. S. V. Klíma & J. J. Král tr. K. Karýsek in J. Gruber xii. 172 In Central Europe, in Germany, Austria, Hungary and Italy, the type of a universal bank was founded, a bank doing all-around business. 1998 7 Apr. 1 The new entity, called Citigroup, will..allow consumers to conduct all of their transactions—from trading in securities to taking out a mortgage to using an ATM or credit card—under one financial umbrella... Most analysts say this new ‘universal bank’ will prompt more mergers. 2008 (Nexis) 16 Sept. (Business section) 41 The balance of advantage has shifted from the independent investment bank model to that of the universal bank, such as JP Morgan Chase, Deutsche Bank or Barclays, which combine retail and investment banking. 1933 R. Newcomb & F. Krebs tr. H. Von Beckerath v. 152 A universal banking system is gradually evolving, a result partly of the increasing dealings of commercial banks in securities. 1976 (Nexis) 19 Apr. (Special Rep. section) 89 It is the largest, most prosperous commercial bank in a nation where ‘universal’ banking is the rule... The big banks are Germany's commercial and merchant banks, and its stockbrokers as well. 2004 T. Padoa-Schioppa iii. 33 Regulatory segmentation between financial activities (e.g. between commercial and investment banking), as in the United States until quite recently, and in many other countries which did not adopt a universal banking system. society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > grants and allowances > [noun] > state allowance > other state benefits 1935 M. Parmelee xxvi. 393 Whatever is produced over and above this universal basic income will be distributed equally or differentially as may seem desirable at different times. 1997 (Electronic ed.) 20 Mar. 3 His solution..was to have a universal basic income, which would give people enough money to meet their daily needs. 1998 B. Jordan vi. 226 There could be a universal basic income for every citizen of the EU. 2020 mirror.co.uk (Nexis) 6 May Not only was the group receiving universal basic income found to be happier and more secure than the ones on traditional benefits, they were also more likely to have found work. society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > clerical superior > pope > [noun] c1475 Antichrist & Disciples in J. H. Todd (1851) p. cxviii Oo bischop þat wole be clepid vnyuersal bischop. 1538 iv. sig. Biii They [sc. the bishops of Rome] haue power to make bysshops,..to be the vnyuersall byshoppe throughe al dyocises. 1654 J. Bramhall viii. 239 In this sense all the five Protopatriarchs used more Emphatically to be caled universal Bishops. 1728 E. Chambers at Oecumenical Supposing the Title Oecumenic to imply Universal Bishop, or Bishop of all the World. 1834 H. Stebbing II. i. 24 It was during the pontificate of Boniface III.,..that the Roman pontiff was first dignified with the much-disputed title of universal bishop. 1911 XII. 267/1 St. Gregory repudiated in strong terms the title of universal bishop, and relates that St. Leo rejected it when it was offered him by the fathers of Chalcedon. 2003 P. Madrid 113 Pope Gregory understood the term ‘Universal Bishop’ to have been used in a particular way, one that he believed was incompatible with the office of the patriarch of Constantinople. 1854 2/2 Sockets of the revolving plate and driving-shaft, held in position by the ends of the pin i, forming thereby the universal coupling-joint which allows both a vertical and horizontal vibration of the rotary or revolving plate.] 1855 (1912) 2/2 A spur wheel hung in a vibrating frame or yoke, with a universal coupling for connecting its axis with that of the roller. 1952 A. Tustin 467 Both hands held at approximately elbow height a joystick that could be rotated or deflected about a universal coupling. 2006 T. G. Hicks (ed. 2) xxi. 25 A universal coupling has a suitable speed and hp range for the load being considered. 1897 11 1615 In Mr. Dewey's universal decimal classification, the making of an index is greatly simplified. 1929 Sept. 9 As further periodicals issuing bibliographical lists adopt the Universal Decimal Classification these [sc. index cards] are cut up and intercalated. 2004 R. Szostak vii. 230 (note) The Universal Decimal Classification attempts to classify some works according to ‘point of view’. the world > life > the body > vascular system > blood > [noun] > blood group > specific > donor of 1920 5 June 1217/1 Some operators have preferred to use a donor of the same group as the recipient rather than a member of Group IV., the so-called ‘universal donors’. 1953 R. W. Fairbrother (ed. 7) x. 131 The corpuscles of a group O person do not possess either agglutinogen and are therefore not agglutinated by any serum; these persons have consequently been termed ‘universal donors’, as their blood can generally be transfused into other individuals without any harmful effects. 2006 xx. 283 In an emergency, when waiting for a crossmatch would be inadvisable, blood from a universal donor or plasma volume expanders may be given. 1907 A. 79 131 The question also remains whether, in the new form, RT actually corresponds to the universal gas-constant. 1949 J. D. Hardy in L. H. Newburgh iii. 102 R = universal gas constant = 1.985 gm. cal. per mole. 1996 C. Lawrence et al. i. 12 Ideal gas law: PV = nRT where R is known as the universal gas constant and T is in K. 1751 J. Harris i. i. 7 We shall postpone the whole synthetical Part..and confine ourselves to the analytical, that is to say Universal Grammar. 1886 3 Dec. 9 Little read works on questions of universal grammar. 1965 N. Chomsky i. 6 The grammar of a particular language, then, is to be supplemented by a universal grammar that accommodates the creative aspect of language use and expresses the deep-seated regularities which, being universal, are omitted from the grammar itself. 1990 W. Nöth (1995) i. 20 It was a period of break with medieval scholasticism, in particular because of the discovery of the historicity and arbitrariness of language and the rejection of universal grammar. 1994 S. Pinker i. 23 Chomsky and other linguists developed theories of mental grammars underlying people's knowledge of particular languages and of the Universal Grammar underlying the particular grammars. 2001 5 Jan. 115/1 Universal grammar is not learned but is required for language learning. It is innate. 1855 J. W. Bailey in 20 58 The object of the instrument I propose is more comprehensive than that of the ‘Finders’..being no less than to make a Universal Indicator, by means of which an observer can so register the position of any number of objects mounted upon slides. 1906 1/1 I..have invented a new and useful improvement in Universal Indicators... This invention..particularly has reference to indicators for calendars. 1925 23 377 The various antigens used..consisted of a basis of beef broth..and gave a reaction of 7.5 to the universal indicator. 1978 G. C. Hill & J. S. Holman xvi. 240 Indicators such as litmus and universal indicator are decolourized when exposed to these gases. 2007 (Nexis) 24 Jan. 30 He finished off with a karate-style move, knocking over a bottle of universal indicator which smashed on the floor. society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or providing with specific parts > specific parts built or constructed > [noun] > joint > movable 1676 R. Hooke 14 The Universal Joynt for all these manner of operations. 1804 G. Cayley in J. L. Pritchard (1961) 220 Fixed upon a universal joint a Rudder of considerable length opposing both an horizontal and vertical surface..intersecting each other in right angles to the air. 1877 Dec. 466/1 My invention of steering balloons by setting the propellers on universal joints. 1902 H. Sturmey in A. C. Harmsworth et al. (Badminton Libr. of Sports & Pastimes) 191 In order to permit of the free vertical movement of the wheels under the springs, two universal or ‘Cardan’ joints..are fitted within the length of the shaft. 1983 July 44/2 The mast foot keeps the mast in the board and is attached to the universal joint. 2005 14 May (Grassland section) p. iv/3 It's always good practice to grease the pto [= power take-off] shaft's universal joints and check for wear. society > authority > subjection > service > servant > personal or domestic servant > domestic servant > [noun] > maid or housemaid > maid-of-all-work 1840 W. M. Thackeray iii She had been in the kitchen helping Becky, the universal maid. the world > relative properties > number > algebra > [noun] 1673 J. Kersey Pref. sig. b3 The learned Works of which [they]..proclaim their rare Talents in Universal Mathematicks. 1728 tr. W. J. 's Gravesande (title) The elements of universal mathematics [L. Matheseos universalis elementa], or algebra: to which is added, a specimen of a commentary on Sir Isaac Newton's universal arithmetic. 1813 2 463 These are the first rudiments of universal mathematics. 1901 10 274 Descartes' universal mathematics is regarded as a youthful dream, which he afterwards abandoned. 1989 89 68 The attempt to formalize logic completely and transform it into a universal mathematics of utterly unqualified generality. 1551 T. Wilson Gvijv In Celarent we se twise E, whereby we are taught that the argument (if we make it in this mode) must haue two vniuersall negatiues. 1654 Z. Coke 114 Propositions of the manner necessary are converted so as the pure simply, when they are universal negatives. 1728 E. Chambers at Felapton In a Syllogism, in Felapton, the first Proposition is an universal Negative; the second, an universal Affirmative; and the third, a particular Negative. 1832 C. Wesley 9 There are four kinds of pure categorical propositions, distinguished by the symbols, A, E, I, O. Universal affirmative, A. Universal negative, E. [etc.]. 1910 I. 2/1 The universal negative ‘no x is y’, and the particular negative ‘some x is not y’. 2001 30 218 Particular affirmatives turn out to be trivially true, and universal negatives trivially false. society > trade and finance > merchandise > article(s) to be sold > [noun] > stock > coded information on stock 1971 5 May (Tri-state ed.) 6/3 A universal product code system would produce economic and consumer benefits.] 1972 Jan. 90 (heading) Universal Product Code nears reality. 1972 G. F. Bloom vii. 216 The Universal Product Code can provide a flow of information which may substantially improve the entire process of management decision-making. 1999 17 153/1 A Universal Product Code, or UPC, identifies any scannable item. society > trade and finance > trading place > place where retail transactions made > [noun] > shop > general store > specific 1872 5 Aug. 1/2 I, William Whiteley,..do hereby give notice that I have adopted for my trademark a drawing of the two hemispheres, with the words ‘Universal Provider’ between them. 1900 14 Dec. 7/1 This is the store: here is the emporium for you. Busy B, Universal Provider and General Dealer in All Sorts. 1938 R. S. Lambert iii. 115 The Universal Provider added to his list during 1881 nine new departments. 1953 11 Sept. 6/5 To our children we will always be a kind of Universal Provider, vague of face but soft of bosom. 1997 (Nexis) 1 July Supermarkets must narrow their focus instead of trying to be universal providers. the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > predicate or propositional logic > [noun] > quantification > elements of a1831 (1845) I. 207/1 When the subject of a Proposition is a common Term, the universal signs (‘all, no, every’) are used.] 1931 32 154 I shall attempt..to consider these processes in their formal relations to the universal quantifier, or Allzeichen, or sign or prefix of generality, as it is variously called. 1989 R. Penrose iv. 103 We shall want the logical ‘quantifiers’: the existentional quantifier [E] (‘there exists..such that’) and the universal quantifier [A] (‘for all..we have’). 2004 M. Potter i. 12 We shall use..the symbols ‘⇒’ for the conditional, ‘⇔’ for the biconditional, and ‘∀’ and ‘Ǝ’ for the universal and existential quantifiers. 1922 G. Keynes iv. 72 Individuals of Groups I and IV have therefore been named ‘universal recipients’ and ‘universal donors’ respectively. 1949 H. W. C. Vines (ed. 17) xxiii. 589 The AB group (Moss I.) serum contains no agglutinin, and hence cannot agglutinate any type of red cell; the individual is therefore called a universal recipient. 2001 L. White x. xxxiii. 776/1 The terms universal recipient and universal donor are only theoretical because during blood transfusion, blood incompatibilities can occur because of the other types of antigens. 1995 20 Mar. 1/2 One of those technologies to be launched at the Windows Hardware Engineering Conference this week is the Universal Serial Bus (USB), a faster, more robust version of the existing serial port. 1999 7 Nov. 33/3 The XK35c is designed for home users. It can connect to your computer with either a parallel printer cable or a Universal Serial Bus interface. 2001 May 27/1 Rather than connect to your PC's parallel port or SCSI card—or even plug into a PC Card slot—this one uses the Universal Serial Bus. the world > relative properties > number > mathematics > [noun] > mathematical enquiry > element(s) in the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > predicate or propositional logic > [noun] > set theory or extension > (specific) sets 1910 A. N. Whitehead & B. Russell I. i. 30 The class determined by a function which is always true is called the universal class, and is represented by V.] 1933 A. A. Albert in 34 875 In particular Σ will be called a universal set if it represents all positive integers. 1965 S. Lipschutz i. 2 In any application of the theory of sets, all sets under investigation are subsets of a fixed set. We call this set the universal set or universe of discourse. 1975 I. Stewart iv. 57 In any particular problem, the sets one is concerned with often lie inside some reasonably small universal set. 2004 10 505 In modern texts..they usually take the opposite tack, showing that there is no universal set by reductio to Russell's Paradox. a1661 Earl of Monmouth tr. P. G. Capriata (1663) i. 8 Charles laid these three ground-works for his universal Succession to Montferrat. a1732 J. Ayliffe (1734) iii. xxi. 365 Heirships and Inheritances, wherein universal Succession consists. 1867 11 Mar. 12 Will it be a ‘universal succession’? Undoubtedly not, I should say; the inheritance will have to be divided. 1903 16 457 The objection to the theory of universal succession, that there are some debts which no conqueror will assume, seems equally valid. 1958 W. S. Carpenter 83 Universal succession involves the notion that the estate of the deceased is preserved in its entirety, with all its rights and liabilities, and passes as a whole to the heir or heirs. 2009 (Nexis) Oct. 32 The very distinct advantage of the regulations is that they incorporate the concept of universal succession by operation of law. 1613 J. Hayward 123 Hee did not settle himselfe in the chaire of Soueraignetie, as one that had reduced all things to the proud power and pleasure of a Conquerour, but as an vniuersall successor of former Kings, in all the rights and priuiledges which they did enioy. 1681 J. Dalrymple xxvi. 92 Heirs in Law are called Universal Successors,..[because] they do wholly represent the defunct and..both succeed to him..in all the rights belonging to him, and..in all the obligations and debts due by him. 1752 A. McDouall II. 341 Heirs of line, heirs of conquest, and heirs-male, are liable universally to the predecessor's debts..because they are all, in some measure, heirs at law, and therefore universal successors. 1838 W. Bell 951 In this sense the two terms of singular successor and universal successor are opposed to each other. 1915 R. W. Lee 286 He was said to ‘adiate’ the inheritance (adire hereditatem), and from that moment was in the position of a universal successor. 2001 J. W. Harris in S. R. Munzer iv. 132 The law arms the owner with a power that he may exercise, and revoke, in a prescribed form. It correlates with a future liability of whomever the testator (or the law) designates as universal successor. society > authority > office > appointment to office > choosing or fact of being chosen for office > election of representative body by vote > right to vote at elections > [noun] > extending to whole community 1611 T. Coryate sig. Yy7 Mercator,..who by the vniuersall suffrage of all the learned is esteemed the most excellent cosmographer. 1697 J. Evelyn vii. 240 Head..cut in an Onyx, comparable by universal Suffrage to any of the Old Masters. 1706 D. Defoe v. 3 The Land divided, Right to rule divides, And universal Suffrage then provides. 1783 C. Wyvill 13 Where the Right of Universal Suffrage has not been found actually inconsistent with the public safety, it ought not to be abridged. 1799 J. Fleetwood 534/1 Jonathan, who had now governed the people in the quality both of prince and High-Priest, for the space of four years, his brother Simon, by the universal suffrage and consent of the people, succeeding him. 1859 May 836/1 He set forth the wrong which the [Reform] Bill would inflict upon county freeholders, and while deprecating the principle of universal suffrage, advocated the lowering of the franchise below its present rate. 1907 3 Sept. 3/3 The adoption of universal suffrage—so quickened the fears of a re-establishment of the Bonapartists on a plebiscitary basis. 1996 24 Mar. 21/1 The first leadership election held under universal suffrage in five millenniums of Chinese history. society > authority > office > appointment to office > choosing or fact of being chosen for office > election of representative body by vote > right to vote at elections > [noun] > advocacy of extension > one who > to all 1818 17 June Hunt, it is said, in order to increase his popularity with the universal suffragists, took the following oath. 1859 29 Oct. 275 The charge [of denying the vote to women] was not correct, but, certainly, as applied to the majority of universal suffragists, it would be sound enough. 1912 6 Mar. 6/3 Like many other Liberals I have been a universal suffragist for 20 years or more. 1996 S. S. Holton vii. 148 They knew that many in the [women's] suffrage movement were universal suffragists. 1734 J. Kelly II. 365 Thus may the Globe serve as an Universal Sun-Dial in any Latitude to find the Time of the Day. a1877 E. H. Knight II. 1603/1 Pantochronometer, an instrument which is a combination of the compass, sun-dial, and universal sun-dial. 1987 73 154 Walker's variation compass depended basically upon the same ideas as did the Sea Rings of Edward Wright some 180 years earlier, in that he fitted a universal sun dial on top of a compass bowl. 2005 (Nexis) 3 Apr. f7 Combines compass, magnifying glass, heliograph, quadrant and universal sundial for finding out the time wherever you go. the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > inflorescence or collective flower > [noun] > of particular type, shape, or arrangement > umbel or ray 1760 J. Lee i. viii. 17 The Umbel that bears the Umbellula on its Footstalks, is called an universal Umbel, and the Umbellula which proceeds from the universal Umbel, a partial Umbel. 1837 W. Darlington (ed. 2) 181 The primary divisions of a compound umbel constitute what has been called the universal umbel, and the secondary divisions have been denominated the partial umbel. 1929 16 Mar. 171/2 (caption) a Universal umbel, b Partial one. the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > care, protection, or charge > [noun] > one who looks after > protector or patron > of a number of people 1876 27 June 133 He has thus fairly earned the enviable distinction of a universal uncle, finding warm friends among all classes, conditions and ages. 1931 M. Allingham iii. 42 I am..a sort of universal uncle, a policeman's friend and master~crook's factotum. 1961 12 Oct. 576/1 His role of cultural Universal Uncle. 2007 (Nexis) 20 Nov. He's a Universal Uncle, filled with hyperbolic warnings about the future. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2022). <  adj.n.adv.a1393 |
