union.

Brit.

/ˈjuːnɪəʊ/, U.S.

/ˈjunioʊ/

Inflections: Plural unios, uniones Brit.

/juːˈniːəʊneɪz/, U.S.

/juˈnioʊˌneɪz/.

Forms: Old English unionibus (dative plural), Middle English vnio, 1600s– unio.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin ūniōn-, ūniō; Latin Unio.

Etymology: In sense 1 < classical Latin ūniōn-, ūniō a large single pearl (see onion n.¹); compare union n.¹ In sense 2 < scientific Latin Unio, adopted as a genus name in 1788 ( L. M. Philipsson Dissertatio historico-naturalis sistens nova Testaceorum genera 16) < classical Latin ūniōn-, ūniō.The genus name has sometimes been attributed to A. J. Retzius, who was professor at the University of Lund where Philipsson's dissertation was presented. In Old English in an isolated attestation used with Latin case inflections (see quot. OE at sense 1).

†1. A large pearl; = union n.¹ In quot. 1658 figurative. Obsolete.Quot. a1398 could alternatively be interpreted as showing union n.¹

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > gem or precious stone > pearl > [noun] > varieties of

unioOE

pearl of orientc1400

seed pearl1551

powdering pearls1606

pear pearl1647

Welsh pearl1681

peara1685

union1694

akoya1727

river pearl1776

orient1833

bouton pearl1851

blister pearl1885

Bombay pearl1885

teardrop pearl1904

cultured pearl1911

culture pearl1921

OE tr. Alexander's Let. to Aristotle (1995) §8. 228 His brydburas & his heahcleofan ealle wæron eorcnanstanum unionibus [L. unionibus] & carbunculis þæm gimcynnum swiðast gefrætwode.

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvi. lxi. 856 Of..margaritis, some ben ycleped vniones [L. vniones] and hauen a couenable name for oonliche oon is yfounde and neuer two or mo togidre.

1658 C. Gilbert Blessed Peace-maker 29 This inestimable Unio, this rare pearl of price should marvellously gain mens hearts thereto.

1746 J. Hill in tr. Theophrastus Περι τον ΛιΘον Βιβλιον 93 Some have been of opinion, that they were bred singly, one only in a Shell, and that they thence had their Name Uniones.

2. Zoology. In form Unio. The genus comprising the typical river mussels of the family Unionidae; (also unio) a mussel belonging to this or a related genus, esp. one yielding pearls; a river mussel, a pearl mussel.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > class Pelecypoda or Conchifera > [noun] > section Asiphonida > family Unionidae > genus Unio

unio1804

1804 Trans. Linn. Soc. 7 205 The appellation of Perna is accordingly given to this family, and that of Unio to the two perlaceous species of Mya.

1851 S. P. Woodward Man. Mollusca i. 41 Some of the unios thicken their umbones enormously.

1913 K. A. von Zittel & C. R. Eastman Text-bk. Paleontol. 454 Typical Uniones make their appearance in the Trias of Texas.

1957 Prof. Papers U.S. Geol. Surv. No. 550 31/1 Pie would..leave U. iridoides, from the Jurassic, in the genus Unio.

2010 C. Claassen Feasting Shellfish S. Ohio Valley v. 78 At East Steubenville, 26 species of unios were identified, 80 percent of which can be found in water three to seven feet deep.

Compounds

(In sense 2.)

C1. General attributive and similative, as unio-fisher, unio mollusc, unio-shaped, etc.

ΚΠ

1830 Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. 3 510 Specimens of some of the Unio Shells described by him.

1861 P. P. Carpenter in Rep. Smithsonian Inst. 1860 259 Unio-shaped shells.

1861 P. P. Carpenter in Rep. Smithsonian Inst. 1860 263 The musk-rats..being nature's great Unio-fishers.

1882 Hist. Berwickshire Naturalists' Club 9 506 Birds..picking up the large Unio molluscs in rivers.

1920 Professional Paper U.S. Geol. Surv. No. 156 40/1 No traces of fresh-water shells, other than the equally rare occurrence of a Unio-like form in obviously delta deposits, have been discovered.

1965 L. S. Leakey Olduvai Gorge I. 83 The fauna of these deposits includes many aquatic forms such as hippopotamus, crocodile, fish, unio shells, etc.

2007 A. Rinaldi Come Juneteenth xxii. 164 We stopped at the end of the day at a place called Boone's Creek. Gabe said the creek held rare unio shells.

C2.

Unio bed n. a layer of rock rich in fossilized shells of freshwater mussels; spec. that in the lower part of the upper strata of the Purbeck beds in Dorset; (see Purbeck n. 1).

ΚΠ

1850 Q. Jrnl. Geol. Soc. 132 To this upper part of the series belong the Paludina-limestone and the Unio bed at New Cross.

1897 Q. Jrnl. Geol. Soc. Index 400/2 Unio-bed on Notowasaga River (Canada).

2012 P. Pettitt & M. White Brit. Palaeolithic ii. 32 This suggests an age of at least MIS17 for the Pakefield Unio Bed.

Unio pearl n. a pearl produced by a freshwater mussel.

ΚΠ

1885 Proc. 33rd Meeting Amer. Assoc. Advancem. Sci. 668 Unio pearls have often been found in the mounds of the Ohio Valley and the South.

1913 W. J. Dakin Perls 14 The Romans came to Britain for the Unio pearls and there is some evidence to show that they fished the Welsh rivers for them.

1989 Gems & Gemol. 25 37/1 The ‘modern’ discovery of Unio pearls in American waters was in Paterson, New Jersey.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	unio
释义	union. Brit. /ˈjuːnɪəʊ/, U.S. /ˈjunioʊ/ Inflections: Plural unios, uniones Brit. /juːˈniːəʊneɪz/, U.S. /juˈnioʊˌneɪz/. Forms: Old English unionibus (dative plural), Middle English vnio, 1600s– unio. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin ūniōn-, ūniō; Latin Unio. Etymology: In sense 1 < classical Latin ūniōn-, ūniō a large single pearl (see onion n.¹); compare union n.¹ In sense 2 < scientific Latin Unio, adopted as a genus name in 1788 ( L. M. Philipsson Dissertatio historico-naturalis sistens nova Testaceorum genera 16) < classical Latin ūniōn-, ūniō.The genus name has sometimes been attributed to A. J. Retzius, who was professor at the University of Lund where Philipsson's dissertation was presented. In Old English in an isolated attestation used with Latin case inflections (see quot. OE at sense 1). †1. A large pearl; = union n.¹ In quot. 1658 figurative. Obsolete.Quot. a1398 could alternatively be interpreted as showing union n.¹ ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > gem or precious stone > pearl > [noun] > varieties of unioOE pearl of orientc1400 seed pearl1551 powdering pearls1606 pear pearl1647 Welsh pearl1681 peara1685 union1694 akoya1727 river pearl1776 orient1833 bouton pearl1851 blister pearl1885 Bombay pearl1885 teardrop pearl1904 cultured pearl1911 culture pearl1921 OE tr. Alexander's Let. to Aristotle (1995) §8. 228 His brydburas & his heahcleofan ealle wæron eorcnanstanum unionibus [L. unionibus] & carbunculis þæm gimcynnum swiðast gefrætwode. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvi. lxi. 856 Of..margaritis, some ben ycleped vniones [L. vniones] and hauen a couenable name for oonliche oon is yfounde and neuer two or mo togidre. 1658 C. Gilbert Blessed Peace-maker 29 This inestimable Unio, this rare pearl of price should marvellously gain mens hearts thereto. 1746 J. Hill in tr. Theophrastus Περι τον ΛιΘον Βιβλιον 93 Some have been of opinion, that they were bred singly, one only in a Shell, and that they thence had their Name Uniones. 2. Zoology. In form Unio. The genus comprising the typical river mussels of the family Unionidae; (also unio) a mussel belonging to this or a related genus, esp. one yielding pearls; a river mussel, a pearl mussel. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > class Pelecypoda or Conchifera > [noun] > section Asiphonida > family Unionidae > genus Unio unio1804 1804 Trans. Linn. Soc. 7 205 The appellation of Perna is accordingly given to this family, and that of Unio to the two perlaceous species of Mya. 1851 S. P. Woodward Man. Mollusca i. 41 Some of the unios thicken their umbones enormously. 1913 K. A. von Zittel & C. R. Eastman Text-bk. Paleontol. 454 Typical Uniones make their appearance in the Trias of Texas. 1957 Prof. Papers U.S. Geol. Surv. No. 550 31/1 Pie would..leave U. iridoides, from the Jurassic, in the genus Unio. 2010 C. Claassen Feasting Shellfish S. Ohio Valley v. 78 At East Steubenville, 26 species of unios were identified, 80 percent of which can be found in water three to seven feet deep. Compounds (In sense 2.) C1. General attributive and similative, as unio-fisher, unio mollusc, unio-shaped, etc. ΚΠ 1830 Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. 3 510 Specimens of some of the Unio Shells described by him. 1861 P. P. Carpenter in Rep. Smithsonian Inst. 1860 259 Unio-shaped shells. 1861 P. P. Carpenter in Rep. Smithsonian Inst. 1860 263 The musk-rats..being nature's great Unio-fishers. 1882 Hist. Berwickshire Naturalists' Club 9 506 Birds..picking up the large Unio molluscs in rivers. 1920 Professional Paper U.S. Geol. Surv. No. 156 40/1 No traces of fresh-water shells, other than the equally rare occurrence of a Unio-like form in obviously delta deposits, have been discovered. 1965 L. S. Leakey Olduvai Gorge I. 83 The fauna of these deposits includes many aquatic forms such as hippopotamus, crocodile, fish, unio shells, etc. 2007 A. Rinaldi Come Juneteenth xxii. 164 We stopped at the end of the day at a place called Boone's Creek. Gabe said the creek held rare unio shells. C2. Unio bed n. a layer of rock rich in fossilized shells of freshwater mussels; spec. that in the lower part of the upper strata of the Purbeck beds in Dorset; (see Purbeck n. 1). ΚΠ 1850 Q. Jrnl. Geol. Soc. 132 To this upper part of the series belong the Paludina-limestone and the Unio bed at New Cross. 1897 Q. Jrnl. Geol. Soc. Index 400/2 Unio-bed on Notowasaga River (Canada). 2012 P. Pettitt & M. White Brit. Palaeolithic ii. 32 This suggests an age of at least MIS17 for the Pakefield Unio Bed. Unio pearl n. a pearl produced by a freshwater mussel. ΚΠ 1885 Proc. 33rd Meeting Amer. Assoc. Advancem. Sci. 668 Unio pearls have often been found in the mounds of the Ohio Valley and the South. 1913 W. J. Dakin Perls 14 The Romans came to Britain for the Unio pearls and there is some evidence to show that they fished the Welsh rivers for them. 1989 Gems & Gemol. 25 37/1 The ‘modern’ discovery of Unio pearls in American waters was in Paterson, New Jersey. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.OE
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